converts energy in food to energy in atp. involves over _______chemical reactions occurs in...
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Cellular Respiration
Cellular RespirationCONVERTS ENERGY IN FOOD TO ENERGY IN ATP1CELLULAR RESPIRATION INVOLVES SEVERAL STEPSInvolves over _______chemical reactions
Occurs in cytoplasm and mitochondria
Can be divided into three main stages:
1) Glycolysis2) ____________________________3) The electron transport chain2STAGES OF CELLULAR RESPIRATION1st Stage: Glycolysis - cytoplasmanaerobic (______________)
2nd Stage: Krebs Cycle - mitochondriaaerobic (O2 needed)
3rd Stage: Electron Transport Chain - _________________aerobic (O2 needed)3STAGE ONE: GLYCOLYSISDoes NOT require oxygen anaerobic
First step in cellular respiration
Occurs in cytoplasm
Occurs in ______________ organisms
One glucose molecule is split to form two molecules of pyruvic acid4GLYCOLYSIS HAS 2 PHASESEnergy investment phase: 2 ATP needed to start reactionEnergy harvest phase: 4 ATP producedNet gain: _____________________
5STRUCTURE OF MITOCHONDRIAEnvelope has inner and outer membranes
Inner membrane:Very highly folded provides increased surface areaHas many sites where cellular respiration can occurEncloses thick fluid ______________________
6STAGE TWO: THE KREBS CYCLEOccurs in matrix of inner mitochondrial membrane
Aerobic O2 needed
2 Pyruvic acid 2 Acetyl CoA + 2 CO2
2 Acetyl CoA 4 CO2 + 2 ATP
Net result: _________________________7STAGE THREE: ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAINOccurs on inner mitochondrial membraneAlso called oxidative phosphorylation or chemiosmosis_____________________________________Electron transport chain works with H+ ions and ATP synthase (proteins in membrane) to produce ATPGenerates up to ____________ per original glucose molecule 8MAXIMUM ATP PER GLUCOSEGLYCOLYSIS = 2 ATPKREBS CYCLE = 2 ATPELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN / ATP SYNTHASE = 34 ATP ___________
This production results only if O2 is present 9CELLULAR RESPIRATION
10SOME CELLS CAN HARVEST ENERGY WITHOUT OXYGEN11FERMENTATIONProcess that makes ATP ___________________
ATP produced in fermentation comes entirely from _____________________________
Produces no additional ATP
When O2 is not present there is an overall net gain of 2 ATP per glucose molecule
Two major types of fermentation:
Lactic acid fermentation
Alcoholic fermentation12LACTIC ACID FERMENTATIONOccurs in ________________________when O2 supply is too low
Cellular respiration continues but fermentation is main ATP source
Produces __________________- waste product
Results in muscle soreness after strenuous exercise
Relieved after O2 supply restored13LACTIC ACID FERMENTATIONCauses________________ ________________________
ALCOHOLIC FERMENTATION__________________: alcoholic fermentation
Produces ___________________instead of lactic acid under anaerobic conditions
Used in brewing industry
Released CO2 makes champagne and beer bubbly
Used by bakers to make bread rise 15ALCOHOLIC FERMENTATION
FERMENTATION IN MICROORGANISMSFungi & Bacteria: produce ______________________ like muscle cells Used to flavor yogurt, some cheeses
Other fermentation processes:Soybeans soy sauceCabbage sauerkraut
17FERMENTATION IN MICROORGANISMS
Results of Fermentation
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