copyright © 2015 cengage learning ®. unit 1 concepts of human disease
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Copyright © 2015 Cengage Learning®.
Unit 1
Concepts of Human Disease
Copyright © 2015 Cengage Learning®.
Chapter 1
Introduction to Human Diseases
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Key Terms
• Disease– Change from normal; symptoms occur with a
pathologic state present
• Homeostasis– State of normalcy
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Key Terms
• Disorder– Abnormality of function
• Syndrome– Symptoms caused by specific disease
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Key Terms
• Pathology– Study of disease
• Pathologist– One who studies disease
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Key Terms• Pathogens
– Microorganisms or agents that cause disease
• Pathologic– Caused by disease process
• Pathogenesis– Description of how a particular disease
progresses• Acute: Short-term with sudden onset• Chronic: Long-term or slow healing process
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Etiology• Cause of disease• Idiopathic
– Cause unknown
• Iatrogenic– Problem related to treatment
• Nosocomial– Disease acquired from hospital environment
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Predisposing Factors
• Age• Sex• Environment• Lifestyle• Heredity
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Diagnosis
• Identification or naming of disease
• Medical history
• Physical examination
• Diagnostic tests
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Diagnosis• Symptoms
– Problems reported by patient
• Signs– What physician sees or measures
• Skills used by physician:– Auscultation– Palpation– Percussion
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Prognosis
• Prognosis– Expected outcome
• Acute– Sudden onset with short duration
• Chronic– Insidious and long-lasting
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Prognosis
• Remission– Disappearance of symptoms
• Exacerbation– Flare-up of symptoms
• Complication– Onset of second disease or disorder
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Prognosis
• Mortality– Mortal or subject to death
• Fatal/lethal– Deadly
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Treatment
• Holistic medicine– Consideration of whole person
• Rather than just physical symptoms
– Interaction between spiritual, cognitive, social, physical, and emotional areas
– Areas work interdependently
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Holistic Medicine
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Treatment
• Interventions:– Medication– Surgery– Exercise– Nutrition– Physical therapy– Education
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Treatment
• Preventive – Care given to prevent disease
• Palliative– Care given to prevent discomfort, but not cure
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Medical Ethics
• Complicated by technological advances
• Difficult as touch core of our humanity
• Role of ethics committee
• Economic concerns
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