cs' - dtic

-

-

In Mcs'.Z

The U.S. Navy has a long and eventful history of polar exploration from Robert B. Peary inthe Arctic to Richard F. Byrd in the Antarctic. In recent years the strategic importance andexpanded research pursuits in these areas have resulted in greater national and internationalrequirements for environmental information. Since 1976, the National Oceanic andAtmospheic Administration (NOAA) and the Navy have worked together at the Joint IceCenter (JIC) in Suitland, Maryland. By combining the Navy's experience in observing andrecording sea ice data, and NOAA's expertise in satellite data collection and interpretation,the JIC has been able to keep pace with that demand in both polar regions.

This publication is the 17th edition of the Arctic sea ice atlases prepared by the JIC. The atlascontains weekly charts depicting Northern Hemisphere and Great Lakes ice conditions andextent. The significant use of high resolution satellite imagery, combined with valuable icereconnaissance data from various sources, has greatly improved the accuracy of these analyses.

The purpose of this atlas is to provide the user with reliable weekly hemispheric ice analyses.Both Navy and NOAA personnel with considerable experience in sea ice analysis prepare theanalyses. The following procedures have been developed to ensure the quality of the finalproducts:

a. Conventional shore station, ship and aerial ice reconnaissance observationsare plotted and evaluated.

b. Satellite data from different sensors is compared and analyzed for iceinformation content Table I, located on the inside back cover, summarizessatellite data availability for 1990.

c. A final product results from a. and b. However, where insufficient data isavailable, an estimated boundary will be depicted. Meteorological data andcomputer generated ice drift vectors are utilized to determine the estimated iceedge position

NAVY / NOAA Joint Ice Center

Naval Polar c Center4301 Suitoand RoadWashington, DC 20395-5180

I'd. Al7

4 1,

-~'Ar

u I -,

I, Z;

.Ig ''4

F IF

55S% LW

P47

4 o~

/t-t -. XI

!il.

tv 6w%

r A z

rrl

2.;l ,,M 0 I[4,,

/ 'H

LRI

I~ Z.

'4 4

'41I.j

F ~ F F ~ t 4 4

a a - -4 -

-'

A r~-< -~ .4

lv -,

r ~ S't

A

I.

Pr

~

i(t

'4-

2'4'

rSL

~1 ii i'-i ~

I

I

A'

H ~Kj

I J~

&

'.

~

ID

4 k

~~0 z

A

*N-

pL

44-

'S..6,

po

IT9

9it

'9do

LU L4

F F F

~

4-

A

IA ,- 4

4'

-4 I~.I -

FI

'4

X A

~

-~ K.F

I

L

- -1!

* Ill

~-~--

t I5 '---- - ) -i

-~ .- I

z ~

- IL

* KIIMIN

p Pp

- .-- ,

* 4

-4

t

&O/

A-~

E

-4.

A,

4-

~ r1 ~t; ~

'~ 4

~

*~ ~ I N

'AA4

-It

L

fd

9IT

5 -M u u 11

1. 0 9

on

Lu!

65'm

AlA

Ak

1 z4

4' 11

T-Y~

7- L ~

fi -2, '

1 0

_"i IzIL

65- 4

In

t)D

0o;

.7 V

Z . 1 -

I I I

I § .

US'-

3 p p p 3 3 3

- N - - z

A

4 /4

/ V/ 4} 5 .

zI 0

ij~ -q I'

caa

59 m

IAl

oI Z

U -,.

4-wp

I t

"I, dip

~ ~Gi

7S',-~ , - 1

x, i;

o 0 Gi

o -

li / ) '

TNN

4 5 5 ~ S

*0 p

p

t- $

>1% 4

t I p *Oj

5g. .5 **10

too

~~&g

~'~1

k

N *0/

4

** N C U

.

.7>

<A; /

-- Cs

~

19%

A

jiIis

IL 4. 0

~:;08W

911~~ ~Ii

,02I L l ! ; 2 4

/

*0~~

.4S

r

- . fa

us 9

cc z

fioa *

A 4A

65*4

ss-

39 tci

/

t

1~ ci

- I B

-~ - ~

;,,Iij.U ~t~'~;-

'N~ '

"j ' - - - 7

NNA

1*2

1 ,j rqi

'1

4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4

* .' &4

4,- , "'A

>7

19 -.

A

N A

--- '---4

4- tt 21-/

t'J

'4

w '3-,z

1%tI -N',

I

3 Q W

4,1' *

-4@

.4 N'c

-'N'

r8

'0 4'

1]~~ 0.-'4

'P U

-b

4--'A

4(6

(Ah

4< -

4 -

b-b -

~ (ISI#4

~ '$y444 0

4

iS

ITz~ I-

.~ ~.J

~o ~

ItU,

-~

-4,-, '.

'C

4fr I

u0

ANIA

Is it4&'

FNZ

0 :0 - ~ t

v~) 9

u>

1ca

fiV 411

tt

OZ.

~E-- 0'

ciQ

9z X dI

9,z

4 4 a

WN"'

is 9''] <

A

~~10

A;>-

55'T

go..* ~ i'

V.4V

Iif

149

vt,

ACA

IN

4;b4

z U

T-T,

4 -l

I I

/

I

I

J '2<

M

4

~, j~ ~KP~

P

A

* 'X~jry;~i ~ I.

'L '~.

4 LU

I

4--- '4

- I -.i1~

I

I'

.14:I 1A

tz2

I ~0

0 z

'~!2.1

'9

4)9

iv~r

'V 9

K,

A ~

'4)~Th k\1 ~

~ TI

I' '~'~

H

0U)

*> ~) ____

02

UK'4

'~'

99*" '"

-9

4

1'

N.94

/

'7!

k' ~)

~iTh >~

'~ t~2~v. -

i~ ~ (I

a)

(aA

-I~ I-.'

-I

MJIY~'

w

z0

0

~ ~~D ~j~) w_ II

Z .9 ''j-

169

F~

65^4__ __I_2__

0)

I

-' 4 4 4 4 4

I/ 4

/ '4 4

4 4

494 4

* ~~*(N 4~

;- '~' 4* I

* I 4 4%

4 4

K ...

A

4 N,

z (.): 11 ii-. - - 4, 0 4W ~

(4Z4W

4'4',. );~. :.~.I:: EL *~** -

K.4

"44

~4. ~4. 44. 4.4

F 4f

AA

*134C*

-; 44g. 4

Z.

49u

55,#

ic t9 E!

141

4 Z

KFA

4-C~

s ~ t ty

Z 5A

kF i

59"I

4 4 -

(I<D

Ill

4 2t4

Lil

<z aw

. K""0_

'4 Z, t'

604<

*55'1

at,

I CA

-T

o i

CCEC~ ~j C

"4t

4

T:

41

Thuo

Sco, -1

o la

ILu<0

be-%

'4z

4 4 N --

1.;F

*1ul

.i

LoT

LLI,

'Al -'

S-Li

Ap-

4 p>- ~ -, . -

ja " P1

(19 ( E 1

tt u

IVo

01 l

8 7-Y

717'

A~~i~'}J

N 71'

kk I-~

-J

uoor4%j1L

-. 75- L

"AM

~< 7

<41

K~ rb/

)4 14

5 1 1

J-

7i4

A At

$L

I, Y

4 iAc~ 2 ;j

/ *~ i M<r

j 7

j ;

N-T LL

422

N.1-

A /4

iwi

1,01

"S.

4,

4--j

- '4j

*'~t Cy_ _ _

'I L

19 ,-.k - '

, 1.

1pi

4e (Al

uo

xz

0 Ix

rsV

194(

_44-

AA

AN-4

+

4 /

'-A

/ I

~pt t< of

C*

I,

- L N.;',

@~ -,

-#ti,-kc

_

'yr ~C1uU

'I ,

Qo~

tA

~-N '1 -UC

4 I;

;LC / 2

"'4 4

2K 4. 1 ~

I -. ( '4'-. In

* -. .-* K ,j

K'4

44'

-- A, LW

F ~.,.,*

* ~>~'~ ~ lit-

~0*

'-V . - ~$4

P P p p p p p P pA S

-~ A -4-

g

- 4

~-4

.7-

?~4~Z1~ \Q

-, -,

~>

- I .12 -

4.

~ 44 .7 *Ea. Ar -; £

'412 12 ~

7 cTh~~aa'

rj. ~ "r .. ' 7 '7('~ -~

&?IN -

1~~~-~~~U Si

'I" P1 .4A'4 V

Cm

4 s?'7-~-~- - '~' *" e' a -~

It,? 44F F F P F F -a F F FS F

-v

N.J

N I

N-' ~

NI '.~WN~ ,~

-7; Np - NvA, 7- '0 ,~, t~-. KKKz: ~ThX 5

1

Pt

* $pN4~' R

4 t

k I-a-o

Lii <00

ZNZNLii <

;,iti NA

ii < '1 -. -it

-- ~. NyN iN *

* - N ~ '1$

4 tN -' -

aft C-

iN" I

- * N 5 N -

/

A

zw~4~ <1~ (Th ~'

,~

~ ~ :~

4/ 4~/~;

~

qi -~

o__~II

I

3

~

I;% .1*\ ~

7,

F 4-

~;4

1,1

'C,'

-ti' ~"1

p

g p F

V ,44-

Au

Ltd L4-

\i.U

;i~ ~ _____

a'

to W

4-~

4

4.

4

N~i: -

$~4~

LJ~

4

if Ii

A

.4 -

8

, "A

I-I-

4ri NN L

47 - O

R ot ~~-

k~stk

1U

_ ulI~ i

7le

4u..

M41,

41'

. x i

4p-

k4f4

f pz

-- -S <N -

a? ~ I

f & -N

0,- A

4Z$

PrAN

Ael

& 0 .-0

A-. .7N0. - Oo r

1- - 1;

M> ~ 0

-4fOI

C-P

-4--. A

/

r 4

I.

a'- I-

- (~)z

C~J ~, ~

? g1 ~t U

I U0Lct~i2____

-u-jtz~ t

lb'2

V

~ 4

'K

$~ is-: 4

I

N U - V..

V\ -tF

p p pF p p 2 P

141-

t-4

Ap-

060

71'

jui

LJJ

-*kI-

LD0

~1.11

- A'

(L _5

I

44

'.4

1.1.1 A

I 0(I)

~ *> ~K .&~

4' -

-AT

A' 'A

3k -~

-A -A AT AT -~ 'A AT AT AT

4 e

41T=

LN \-

~ 1

1 ~

I-

0 I

7(

1

/II

F

I -

I-

4 ' LAJ~I

0-. U,

~

F, JT

t 33 s-~_ _ _

firj 'j.> -

LL,-

0fU~

IL:

V

4 ii *;~

I:'' 7

yL~4u

__ __ _

4AV

/1

1~~

,& is

~ I-

~SW.

lz

I

I-4

1%-

* * II

-S -x

S~*I s

A /

k.

A S A A

Ir

F-

I-

U

~ _ IP

A ~J~lzI

1~ S1.~

-4

~

N V

ii

~Th

* r 7

-' 41

,, 'II

4 0)

o~z

(I)A (NJ

I-

I

-p/

C C C C C C C p C C

- oc- -z

IwzII-

k.

V

V. -

-I.

i

4 - ., -

-r II I

k _

--~1:1I//

- r -- Sr

LUI

. ... ...

ci

I-

or E$7 S j

J.1J

LuU

zLLzz

(n 2.

AU

/

'Ar

-, '-F"

'a- C'Ju A! r4t~<.,., -I '~~- N

1-'~ ?

o v z ~ -~ - -.

A .xup~

-4>0 ELzE- g

&

A

-iii

Cs

N

~ N.

N

V .A 14 A

/ F NA.

*A\

t-- 4

1 ~44.-. A .

-' 'I A.?'ill 4 -

I- In N CNp p pA-s V p

S A C

3.'

~. ~

7

A

N IL

ju 1.Jo

I

a ~' ~co I

zI.-

0 ~(

~

A -3

--4- ~- - 3

~ ~-~*~< 3

N.1~

4A

-I. ~ // ~

-. ..-~ 4 ~~ h..

.4 ~'

-7 - '-

%.~ ~ .4)..7~ A'

p p p p p p p p pS ~ S ~ B p p

is/

I- N

'V

L- '

LU 4

I1%z

I4

~W z~:01

I C/

kk

>t

LSIu

LU Z

*loto

--- ------

IV7. X,

AFA

IDJ

0 ~ I

~L1P

C)s 'z j

( / 1.-2hU

~ 1h5zK El

ALI-

w~kw

1 0

I - I 0

5t~ C 5

4 71

I L

~ -1

~ ~ ~ ,U

Alli~

dr -

iLi

4-0

AN'

'4 1~* ~ ~ A Ilk

lt-

TABLE 1. SATELLITE DATA UTILIZED DUIRING 1990 (ARCTIC)

1IE -alo UWN* neob all eo

Fro TO tlnor $ensor Speobe Resoludlon covengePbkir TYRe bogon

r1-40 12490 NOAM-10 AVHRHRTAC

%- IS 0.58-.68 urn 1 kmn RegionaMR 0.725-1.10 urn

IR io.5- 1i.5umGAC

VIS 0.58-0.68 urn 4 km Gk"baIR 0.5-1 1.5 tan

1-40 1240D NOAA-11 AVHRRHRPrT/AC

VIS 0.58..68 ian I km RegionaMR 0.725-1.10 urn

IR 10.5-1 1.5 urn13AGVIS 0.58-0.68 im 4 km Regiona

18 10-6-11.6u _______1-40 12400 OMS-F(S) OLS

AIS 0.4-1.1 urn .62kma Regiona18 10.2-12.8 trn .82 km Regional

SewAMW 1.55 cm 60 km Gkoba

(19.35 G~lz)0.81 cm 35 km Gobal

(37.0 GHz)

Abbm .euWo a Acro~m

AWIRR - MtMnsd VyI4oaReodion Rftsnd08" - Goeh

ON - GobouCwig

HAFT - fgt 1 Reokion Pkbch Mwnu~bo18 - ioftw

LAC - Looi hta ftowngMW -wo ,

to -- wlwiash - - ftg*vnt~iS" Omn

Zn

Z4E