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Darfur
Madison Pecnik
BACKGROUND OF DARFUR
Name of country: Darfur
Location of country: Northeastern Africa
Size of population: 6,000,000 before
Form of government: Is a Federal republic ruled by the
National Congress Party, which came to power by military
coup in 1989.
Official language: Arabic
(“Darfur Genocide,” 2010).
TIME PERIOD
It began in February 2003 until present(“Darfur conflict timeline,” 2014).
INVOLVEMENT
Khartoum declared a state of emergency and
arrested African rebels.
Janjaweed did the majority of the fighting.
The Africans in Darfur were the victims of the
genocide.
(Levy, 2009).
CONTINUED
Khartoum became the new capital of Sudan
Violence started when the Arab dominated government declared
their goal which was to get rid of Africans in Darfur
African groups rebelled against Sudan’s government
Government armed militias known as Janjaweed (devils on
horseback)
Khartoum provided weapons, communications, military advisors,
and training for the Janjaweed.
(Levy, 2009)
PLANNING THE GENOCIDE
Khartoum had the Janjaweed which allowed the
government to claim that the fighting in Darfur was
tribal conflict.
The government promised Janjaweed cash and
development of their tribes.
Only Arabs were accepted into the Janjaweed.
(Levy, 2009)
H O W T H E G E N O C I D E W A S C A R R I E D O U T / T A C T I C S
Soldiers bombed towns and Janjaweed moved in. They tortured,
shot, and stabbed civilians.
They called victims “slaves”
Lined up males and shot them in the back of the head.
Tossed kids in burning houses.
Chained school kids together and burned them alive.
Females were raped and either killed or branded saying they were
raped.
(Levy, 2009).
CONTINUED
Threw dead bodies in wells to poison water.
Anyone left alive would be captured.
The Khartoum issued orders not to interfere with
the Janjaweed.
The rare survivor lost everything : Clinics, schools,
mosques, villages, food and animals were stolen or
destroyed.
(Levy, 2009).
TACTICS CONTINUED
Police and government officials left Darfur
When word came out, Khartoum denied it claiming lies and propaganda
used to trash Arabs and the Islam culture.
They finally agreed to work with aid agencies to send food and supplies to
refugees and internally displaced persons but delayed delivery.
They arranged fake handovers of Janjaweed weapons for reporters to
witness.
They took convicts from prison, made them confess to being part of the
Janjaweed, and executing them.
(Levy, 2009).
RESULTS
Government and soldiers forced more than 2 million
Africans from their homes.
It is hard to know for sure how many were killed because
they often burned bodies, threw them into wells, or buried
them in mass graves. But, it is approximately 500,000 killed.
Chad Sheltered 200,000 refugees.
In Darfur there were 2 million IDPs.
(Levy, 2009).
INTERVENTIONS
In 2003, the president of Chad got both sides to agree to a 45 day
cease fire. Neither side honored this agreement.
In 2004, the African union also called for cease fire, deweaponing,
monitors, peace keepers. Again, disagreement failed.
In 2006, the African union called for the UN to take over.
Khartoum feared losing control but signed Darfur peace agreement.
They were required to disarm Janjaweed but only one unit of the
Sudan Liberation Army signed so the agreement also failed.
(Levy, 2009).
REACTIONS
Aid workers and journalists learned of the genocide from
refugees in Chad.
Celebrities like Angelina Jolie, George Clooney, and Bono
have raised awareness.
African Union troops have been deployed to Darfur to help
keep the peace
(“Summary of the Crisis in Darfur, Sudan,” 2014)
(Levy, 2009).
CLASSIFICATION
The African Darfur farmers against the Janjaweed,
A group of local Arab tribes.
(“Genocide in Darfur,” 2014)
SYMBOLIZATION
The color of their skin and how they dress
determines what group they are from.
(“Genocide in Darfur,” 2014)
DEHUMANIZATION
In Darfur, the farmers are treated very poorly and
sometimes referred to and treated like slaves.
(“Genocide in Darfur,” 2014)
ORGANIZATION
Janjaweed Militia was organized to murder, rape,
and destroy by the Sudanese government.
Khartoum made it look like they were helping the
targeted civilians.
(“Genocide in Darfur,” 2014)
POLARIZATION
In Darfur, the farmers were displaced and not
allowed to practice their religious ceremonies and
were demanded to be silent.
(“Genocide in Darfur,” 2014)
PREPARATION
The Janjaweed took the farmers, removed them
from their homes, and put them in camps or in
ghetto’s.
(“Genocide in Darfur,” 2014)
EXTERMINATION
During this time period, 500,000 people have been
killed and more than 2,000,000 people have been
displaced in camps or ghetto’s.
(“Genocide in Darfur,” 2014)
DENIAL
The Sudanese government tried to deny anything
that happened trying to get people to believe that
they had nothing to do with it, burning bodies,
claiming it was a tribal conflict, and not allowing
reporters to come in but they have been found guilty
and charged with genocide.
(“Genocide in Darfur,” 2014)
CITE PAGE
http://www.unitedhumanrights.org/genocide/genoci
de-in-sudan.htm
http://www.worldwithoutgenocide.org
http://www.darfurdreamteam.org
Levy, Janey. Genocide in Darfur. New York: The
Rosen Publishing Group, Inc. Book.
www.sudan-parliament.org
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