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Deep excavation software • Geotechnical and foundation engineering • Advanced Engineering Services
Corso Paratie, Milano 30 settembre 2009
Tutorial 1: Introduction
Deep Excavation LLC
DeepEX 2015 – Advanced course 1
Deep excavation software • Geotechnical and foundation engineering • Advanced Engineering Services
Corso Paratie, Milano 30 settembre 2009
DeepEX is a software program for braced excavations in soils with 2D limit-equilibrium and non-
linear analysis methods, and structural verification of all elements (with AISC, ASD,
Eurocodes).
It offers the ability to analyze walls with multiple braces (tiebacks) in multilayered soils.
The non-linear analysis considers elastoplastic behavior for the whole soil-wall-support system.
The program also offers the ability to perform traditional limit-equilibrium analyses.
The graphical interface is completely interactive and the input is simplified to a great extend.
The program utilizes archives of wall types, structural and soil materials, ground anchors etc.
The analysis can be performed in either an utlimate state or at a service state (allowable
design, LRFD, or Eurocode 7 design approach methods).
The program offers the ability to automatically set all critical settings according to the desired
design methodology.
Corso Paratie, Milano 30 settembre 2009
INTRODUCTION
DeepEX 2015 – Advanced course 2
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Corso Paratie, Milano 30 settembre 2009
Program layout
Wall selectio
n
Project tree view
Design section
list(right click)
General input tabsFile menu (click)
Model stages (right click
options similar to excel)
Command prompt (enter coordinates)
Press to perform calculations.
Instruction box
Model space (left or right click on any
item)
Mouse is over item Units
DeepEX 2015 – Advanced course
3D Model
(Frames)
View and
other
Deep excavation software • Geotechnical and foundation engineering • Advanced Engineering Services
Corso Paratie, Milano 30 settembre 2009
Enter basic project information1. Select
this button2. Define the project name
etc.
3. Press OK
DeepEX 2015 – Advanced course
Deep excavation software • Geotechnical and foundation engineering • Advanced Engineering Services
Corso Paratie, Milano 30 settembre 2009
Move model elevations1. Select
this button2. Set new reference
elevation to 100 ft
3. Check All boreholes (this
moves all soil layers)
4. Press OK
Deep excavation software • Geotechnical and foundation engineering • Advanced Engineering Services
Corso Paratie, Milano 30 settembre 2009
1. Add a 2nd wall2. Double click on right wall3. Change dimensions3.1 Change xwall= 60ftDepth L= 45ft
Deep excavation software • Geotechnical and foundation engineering • Advanced Engineering Services
Corso Paratie, Milano 30 settembre 2009
Define basic model limits (top, bottom, left, right)
1. Select this button
2. Set Top= 130ftBottom= 40ft
Left= -60ftRight= 120ft
3. Press OKDeepEX 2015 – Advanced course
Deep excavation software • Geotechnical and foundation engineering • Advanced Engineering Services
Corso Paratie, Milano 30 settembre 2009
Modify soil types (database of
soils)1. Select this button.
Or
Expand the Soils Tree and Double click on F
Options: Right click or press Delete
Note: In DeepEX you can use any soil type in more than one borehole. For example the F soil can be used in boring 1 or boring 2 etc.
You can use any Boring on any design section. Thus changing any property of the F soil will affect all the excavation Design Sections where F is used!
Boring with F soil
Deep excavation software • Geotechnical and foundation engineering • Advanced Engineering Services
Corso Paratie, Milano 30 settembre 2009
Soil type data form
Available soil types
Add new, copy,
delete, paste soil
DensityStrength
Short soil name, description and
color.
Soil type & initial clay behavior
Test data for estimating soil
properties
DeepEX 2015 – Advanced course
Deep excavation software • Geotechnical and foundation engineering • Advanced Engineering Services
Corso Paratie, Milano 30 settembre 2009
Soil type continuedSoil properties: GeneralSoil name: F (this appears in the boring)Description: Detailed soil description.Soil type: Sand gt= 125 kcf : Total unit weightgdry= 120 kcf : Dry unit weight (above water table)c‘= 0 : Effective cohesionF’= 30 degrees : Effective friction angle
v= 0.35 Poisson’s ratio
Kx = Horizontal permeabilityKz = Vertical permeability
Parameters only for claysSu = Undrained shear strengthFcv= Constant volume shearing angleFpeak= Peak shearing angle
DeepEX 2015 – Advanced course
Deep excavation software • Geotechnical and foundation engineering • Advanced Engineering Services
Corso Paratie, Milano 30 settembre 2009
Soil properties (Resistance and Elastic)
KoNC = At rest lateral earth pressure coefficient for normally consolidated state.
Enter elasticity values as shown before.
Click on > buttons for more options.
DeepEX 2015 – Advanced course
Deep excavation software • Geotechnical and foundation engineering • Advanced Engineering Services
Corso Paratie, Milano 30 settembre 2009
Bond resistance for ground anchors.
Enter ultimate skin friction (bond resistance) for tiebacks (ground anchors).Value is later divided by safety factor to obtain design capacity on each tieback.
Soil properties will be covered in more detail in
Training Course #2.
DeepEX 2015 – Advanced course
Deep excavation software • Geotechnical and foundation engineering • Advanced Engineering Services
Corso Paratie, Milano 30 settembre 2009
Soil S1Soil properties: Change S1A. GeneralSoil name: S1 (this appears in the boring)Description: Sand Detailed soil description.Soil type: Sand gt =125 pcf : Total unit weightgdry= 120 pcf: Dry unitc‘ 0: Effective cohesionF’ = 36 degrees : Effective friction angleV = 0.35 Poisson’s ratio
C. Elasto-plasticE = 500 ksfrEur = 3
D. BondUltimate bond = 30 psi
Press OK
Deep excavation software • Geotechnical and foundation engineering • Advanced Engineering Services
Corso Paratie, Milano 30 settembre 2009
Edit Borings (soil layers)To edit the soil layers double click on
the model boring.
The borings can also be edited from:
a) Edit Borings Button.
Or from the:
b) Tree View – Stratigraphy – boreholes
Double click here (or right click) with the mouse.
DeepEX 2015 – Advanced course
Deep excavation software • Geotechnical and foundation engineering • Advanced Engineering Services
Corso Paratie, Milano 30 settembre 2009
Enter Soil LayersTo edit the soil layers click on the
blue button and enter the top of layer elevation.
For this example type 90 here:
Then select soil type S1 here:
DeepEX 2015 – Advanced course
Press OK
Deep excavation software • Geotechnical and foundation engineering • Advanced Engineering Services
Corso Paratie, Milano 30 settembre 2009DeepEX 2015 – Advanced course
Deep excavation software • Geotechnical and foundation engineering • Advanced Engineering Services
Corso Paratie, Milano 30 settembre 2009
Change water table elevation to El. 95m
Ground water levels can be changed from the Model Tab
Or
By double clicking on the water table on
the model screen.
Double click on button or on water table
DeepEX 2015 – Advanced course
Deep excavation software • Geotechnical and foundation engineering • Advanced Engineering Services
Corso Paratie, Milano 30 settembre 2009
1. Change water levels
to 85m
2. Select option
3. Select option for analysis
type
4. Press OK
DeepEX 2015 – Advanced course
Deep excavation software • Geotechnical and foundation engineering • Advanced Engineering Services
Corso Paratie, Milano 30 settembre 2009
Double click on wall
DeepEX 2015 – Advanced course
Deep excavation software • Geotechnical and foundation engineering • Advanced Engineering Services
Corso Paratie, Milano 30 settembre 2009
2. Select edit section data, to change wall
properties
1. Change wall depth to 45ft
DeepEX 2015 – Advanced course
Number of nodes controls the
divisions along the wall in a limit-
equilibrium analysis.
(Suggested 200 min, or set so that
small intervals (0.25 ft) are generated)
Deep excavation software • Geotechnical and foundation engineering • Advanced Engineering Services
Corso Paratie, Milano 30 settembre 2009
Change wall section AZ 19 sheet pile
1. Change wall type
2. Select AZ-19 section
3. Select A50 steel(fy= 50 ksi)
4. Select OK
DeepEX 2015 – Advanced course
Deep excavation software • Geotechnical and foundation engineering • Advanced Engineering Services
Corso Paratie, Milano 30 settembre 2009
Wall using AZ-19 wall section
Select OK
DeepEX 2015 – Advanced course
Deep excavation software • Geotechnical and foundation engineering • Advanced Engineering Services
Corso Paratie, Milano 30 settembre 2009
Add a new stage (Model Tab)
Or right click (to add a stage, similar to Excel)
DeepEX 2015 – Advanced course
Deep excavation software • Geotechnical and foundation engineering • Advanced Engineering Services
Corso Paratie, Milano 30 settembre 2009
Stage 1 change center El. 90
Stage 1
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Add Stage 2: Add a strut at El. +92
Right click and add stage 2
DeepEX 2015 – Advanced course
Deep excavation software • Geotechnical and foundation engineering • Advanced Engineering Services
Corso Paratie, Milano 30 settembre 2009
You can also drag the surface with your mouse
Deep excavation software • Geotechnical and foundation engineering • Advanced Engineering Services
Corso Paratie, Milano 30 settembre 2009
Select tool to add a tieback
Note: After selecting the “Draw ground anchor button” the program tells you to select/enter the 1st tieback point at the wall (x z)
DeepEX 2015 – Advanced course
Deep excavation software • Geotechnical and foundation engineering • Advanced Engineering Services
Corso Paratie, Milano 30 settembre 2009
Add tieback with mouse
1. Select 1st point on wall (we will modify the coordinates later)
2. Select 2nd point in the soil
3. Double click on new tieback
Deep excavation software • Geotechnical and foundation engineering • Advanced Engineering Services
Corso Paratie, Milano 30 settembre 2009
Edit tieback properties (support options)1. Change dimensions z= 92 ft (elevation)Lfree= 15ft, Lfix = 25 ft, a= 15 deg, spacing 8ft
2. Check adjust prestress option and use60 k prestress
Select OK
DeepEX 2015 – Advanced course
Deep excavation software • Geotechnical and foundation engineering • Advanced Engineering Services
Corso Paratie, Milano 30 settembre 2009DeepEX 2015 – Advanced course
Deep excavation software • Geotechnical and foundation engineering • Advanced Engineering Services
Corso Paratie, Milano 30 settembre 2009
Draw Tieback on right wall
DeepEX 2015 – Advanced course
Deep excavation software • Geotechnical and foundation engineering • Advanced Engineering Services
Corso Paratie, Milano 30 settembre 2009
Add a surcharge on the surface.Select this tool button.
DeepEX 2015 – Advanced course
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Corso Paratie, Milano 30 settembre 2009
Add surcharge with mouse
2. Select 2nd point on right
1. Select 1nd point on left
3. Double click on new surcharge
DeepEX 2015 – Advanced course
Deep excavation software • Geotechnical and foundation engineering • Advanced Engineering Services
Corso Paratie, Milano 30 settembre 2009
Modify surcharge
1. Change coordinates X1= -22 X2= -2
2. Change surchargeqz1= 0.6 ksf qz2= 0.6 ksf
Point 1 is on the left sidePoint 2 is on the right side
3. Select OK
DeepEX 2015 – Advanced course
Wall index refers to which wall the load is applied: 0 = left wall, 1= right wall,
-1 all walls
Deep excavation software • Geotechnical and foundation engineering • Advanced Engineering Services
Corso Paratie, Milano 30 settembre 2009
Add stage 3: Excavate to El. 80ft
Right click and add stage 3
DeepEX 2015 – Advanced course
Deep excavation software • Geotechnical and foundation engineering • Advanced Engineering Services
Corso Paratie, Milano 30 settembre 2009
On stage 3: Go to Analysis tab
1. Change analysis mode to Limit equilibrium analysis
DeepEX 2015 – Advanced course
Deep excavation software • Geotechnical and foundation engineering • Advanced Engineering Services
Corso Paratie, Milano 30 settembre 2009
Thrust options: Automatic
1. Change wall friction to 50% of available soil friction
2. In this mode, the program automatically applies a method for wall friction on both wall sides.
3. In the auto mode, DeepEX automatically selects the best available (from program options) equation that appears to be appropriate for the given geometry or seismic conditions:
1. Coulomb when wall friction is zero (or surface with single angle)2. Caquot-Kerisel tables (extrapolation for intermediate values) when wall friction
is applied3. Lancellotta equations when seismic conditions are encountered
DeepEX 2015 – Advanced course
Deep excavation software • Geotechnical and foundation engineering • Advanced Engineering Services
Corso Paratie, Milano 30 settembre 2009
Thrust options: Approximate update of initial parameters
1. This mode allows you to change the wall friction options on each wall side
DeepEX 2015 – Advanced course
Deep excavation software • Geotechnical and foundation engineering • Advanced Engineering Services
Corso Paratie, Milano 30 settembre 2009
Analysis tab: Change wall friction1. Change wall friction behavior
(wall friction % of soil friction)2. Change wall friction to 50%
(of available soil friction)
3. Select Coulomb equation for wall friction on driving side(Driving side is the retained side)Select Yes to apply on all Stages!
4. Select Caquot Kerisel for wall friction (log-spiral failure)Select Yes to apply on all Stages!
DeepEX 2015 – Advanced course
Deep excavation software • Geotechnical and foundation engineering • Advanced Engineering Services
Corso Paratie, Milano 30 settembre 2009
Analysis Tab Stage 3: Change earth pressure assumptions (Limit
equilibrium)1. Select Peck earth pressures for Stage 3
2. Select resisting earth pressuresPassive divided by safety factor FS
3. Double click on Button for more options
4. Apply to all stages
DeepEX 2015 – Advanced course
Deep excavation software • Geotechnical and foundation engineering • Advanced Engineering Services
Corso Paratie, Milano 30 settembre 2009
Select US structural codes (Design Tab)1. Select US allowable settings from Design tab
DeepEX 2015 – Advanced course
Deep excavation software • Geotechnical and foundation engineering • Advanced Engineering Services
Corso Paratie, Milano 30 settembre 2009
1. Concrete code and Steel Code(1.6 is safety on Ultimate cap)
2. Clay behavior
3. Water pressure analysis
4. Driving pressures Ka + d-Coul = Active with coulomb wall friction5. Resisting pressures Kp/1.5 + D-Caquot = Passive divided by 1.5 with Caquot-Kerisel wall
friction
Review Assumptions (Yellow table Stage 2)
Review Assumptions (Yellow table Stage 3)
DeepEX 2015 – Advanced course
Deep excavation software • Geotechnical and foundation engineering • Advanced Engineering Services
Corso Paratie, Milano 30 settembre 2009
Analyze the model (current design section)
DeepEX 2015 – Advanced course
Analyzes all design sections
Deep excavation software • Geotechnical and foundation engineering • Advanced Engineering Services
Corso Paratie, Milano 30 settembre 2009
Summary table (all Design sections)
DeepEX 2015 – Advanced course
Deep excavation software • Geotechnical and foundation engineering • Advanced Engineering Services
Corso Paratie, Milano 30 settembre 2009
Summary table (Selected design section all stages)
Note: You may select another design section or another wall (when a 2nd wall is used) Press EXIT
DeepEX 2015 – Advanced course
Deep excavation software • Geotechnical and foundation engineering • Advanced Engineering Services
Corso Paratie, Milano 30 settembre 2009
Results Tab (for viewing results on model
screen)
Wall embedme
nt and other safety
factors
Wall moment, shear, axial,
displacement.Support
reaction R.
Display wall capacity
(moment and shear),
Stress ratios(ratios <1
OK)
Display stresses and pressures on
walls.
Display soil mass stresses (when water
flownet analysis is performed)
Click on Min-Max to display min and max
values.Show ENV= Show result
envelope (this design section)
Tables and
diagrams
DeepEX 2015 – Advanced course
Deep excavation software • Geotechnical and foundation engineering • Advanced Engineering Services
Corso Paratie, Milano 30 settembre 2009
View moment and shear
DeepEX 2015 – Advanced course
Deep excavation software • Geotechnical and foundation engineering • Advanced Engineering Services
Corso Paratie, Milano 30 settembre 2009
View moment and wall moment capacity
Red lines represent the design moment
capacity for this wall.
Deep excavation software • Geotechnical and foundation engineering • Advanced Engineering Services
Corso Paratie, Milano 30 settembre 2009
Support reaction and lateral soil stress and
Deep excavation software • Geotechnical and foundation engineering • Advanced Engineering Services
Corso Paratie, Milano 30 settembre 2009
View embedment safety factors
Deep excavation software • Geotechnical and foundation engineering • Advanced Engineering Services
Corso Paratie, Milano 30 settembre 2009
Add 2nd Design section and perform non-linear analysis
1. Right click on Base modelSelect Add Section
2. Double click on New Section 1
DeepEX 2015 – Advanced course
Deep excavation software • Geotechnical and foundation engineering • Advanced Engineering Services
Corso Paratie, Milano 30 settembre 2009
Right click on New Section 1 (edit section name)
Change the name for the new design section to Non-linear analysis
DeepEX 2015 – Advanced course
Deep excavation software • Geotechnical and foundation engineering • Advanced Engineering Services
Corso Paratie, Milano 30 settembre 2009DeepEX 2015 – Advanced course
Design Section name has changed (now you are working on Design Section 1)
Deep excavation software • Geotechnical and foundation engineering • Advanced Engineering Services
Corso Paratie, Milano 30 settembre 2009DeepEX 2015 – Advanced course
Analysis Tab: Type-> Select Conventional and Beam Elastoplastic Foundations
Deep excavation software • Geotechnical and foundation engineering • Advanced Engineering Services
Corso Paratie, Milano 30 settembre 2009
Analyze All Design Sections
DeepEX 2015 – Advanced course
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Extended Summary two design sections
DeepEX 2015 – Advanced course
Deep excavation software • Geotechnical and foundation engineering • Advanced Engineering Services
Corso Paratie, Milano 30 settembre 2009
Stage 0: Wall displacements – Support Reactions
Please select Stage 0
DeepEX 2015 – Advanced course
Deep excavation software • Geotechnical and foundation engineering • Advanced Engineering Services
Corso Paratie, Milano 30 settembre 2009
Stage 1: Wall displacements – Support Reactions
Please select Stage 1 (Horizontal displacement = 2.35cm)
DeepEX 2015 – Advanced course
Deep excavation software • Geotechnical and foundation engineering • Advanced Engineering Services
Corso Paratie, Milano 30 settembre 2009
Stage 2: Wall displacements – Support Reactions
Please select Stage 2 (Horizontal displacement reduced due to tieback prestress)
Support reaction66.67kNm
Equal to tiebackprestress
DeepEX 2015 – Advanced course
Deep excavation software • Geotechnical and foundation engineering • Advanced Engineering Services
Corso Paratie, Milano 30 settembre 2009
Stage 3: Wall displacements – Support Reactions
Please select Stage 3 (Horizontal displacements increased = 2.81 cm)
Support reaction 113.31 kN/m
DeepEX 2015 – Advanced course
Deep excavation software • Geotechnical and foundation engineering • Advanced Engineering Services
Corso Paratie, Milano 30 settembre 2009
Tieback stress ratios (Load/Capacity)
Please select Stage 3
GEO= Geotechnical stress ratio 1.85>1STR= Structural stress ratio 0.544<1 ok
DeepEX 2015 – Advanced course
Deep excavation software • Geotechnical and foundation engineering • Advanced Engineering Services
Corso Paratie, Milano 30 settembre 2009
View embedment safety factors
Limit equilibrium analysis safety factorsFS Embed = Based on lengthFS Rot = Based on rotation momentsFS Basal = Basal stabilityFS Hyd = Hydraulic heave
Non-linear analysis safety factorsPassive mob FS= Available passive
resistance /Mobilized passive Actice mob FS= Mobilized active / min.
active earth pressures.
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