dent 1120 related anatomy unit 1 into to the human body
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DENT 1120 Related Anatomy
Unit 1
Into to the Human Body
1&2 Define and Sequence of organization
• Anatomy- study of structure
• Physiology- study of function
• Organic- carbon- plant or animal
• Inorganic- mineral
• Chemical- atoms molecules
• Cellular• Tissue• Organs• Systems• Organism- human
being
1 Chemical level- an atom and its’ parts
• All matter is composed of basic substances called elements. (Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen)
• An atom is the smallest unit of an element
• Atoms have a nucleus (protons and neutrons) and shells (holding electrons)
1. ATOMIC subparticles
• Protons have a POSITIVE charge
• Neutrons have NO charge
• Electrons have a NEGATIVE charge
• The magnetic pull of the positive protons keep the negative electrons attached to the atom.
• In stable atoms # p= # e
1. Atomic shells
• There are 6 shells on which electrons orbit an atom
• The inner shell holds 2 electron
• All other shells hold 8 electrons
• Shells are named k,l,m,n,o,p
Describe ionic and covalent bonds
• 2 or more atoms may combine to form MOLECULES ( the way letters combine to form words)
• There are 2 ways for the atoms to combine: COVALENT or IONIC
COVALENT BOND
• Atoms join by sharing an electron
• Water H2O is an example
• To illustrate with letters: the words never and rest would look like
neverest
IONIC Bond
• If an electron leaves an atom, that atom has a positive charge (Now called an ION)
• This results in a loose electron (free electron) who may find shelter on another atom whose outer shell is not full, creating a negative charge (Now called an ion).
• Example: Sodium Chloride (NACL)
Ionic Bond
• The negative and positive ions join, held together by the charges.
Describe an Electrolyte
• Substances that break apart (ionize) in water and release ions are called electrolytes
• Acids, bases and salts are examples
• Electrolyte balance in blood and body tissues is important to health.
pH
• Ions that release H+ positive Hydrogen ions are ACIDS (low pH 0-7)
• Ions that release negative hydroxyl ions OH- and BASES (high pH 7-14)
3. 10 Systems
• Integumentary
• Skeletal
• Muscular
• Nervous
• Endocrine
• Circulatory
• Respiratoy
• Digestive
• Urinary
• Reproductive
4. Metabolism
• All chemical processes in the body
• Breaking down phase
Catabolism
• Building up phase
Anabolism
5. Homeostasis
• Balance through body feedback systems
• Temperature• Blood sugar level• Labor
6. Anatomical position of body
• Stand erect, eyes forward, arms at side, palms and toes forward
7. Orientation terms
• Superior-above(head)• Inferior- below (feet)• Anterior- front• Posterior- back• Medial/proximal- toward
midline• Lateral/distal- away from
midline• Superficial-close to
surface• Deep- inward
8. Planes
• Sagital & Midsagital- right & left
• Transverse- superior & inferior
• Frontal- anterior & posterior
9. Regions & Cavities
• Regions- Axial ( head & trunk)& Appendicular(arms & legs)
• Dorsal- cranial & vertebral
• Ventral- thoracic, abdominopelvic
THE END
• Was this Unit a little fishy???
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