desertification final
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DESERTIFICATION
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What is desertification?
Land degradationloss of lands biological
productivity
One of worlds most alarming processes
Caused by human activities and climate
change
It is the persistent degradation of drylandecosystems by human activities and climatic
variations.
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THE PROCESS OF DESERTIFICATION
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HOW DOES DESERTIFICATION
OCCUR?
Human activities
Climatic conditions
Biological diversity
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CAUSES & FACTORS
Climatic factors
Technological factors
Economic factors
Deforestation
Population pressure
Over exploitation ofnatural resources
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Globalization leading to
desertification
Global trade regimes and linked government
policies influence food and consumption
On the other hand, Improved access to
agricultural inputs (like fertilizers, pesticides,
and farm machinery) and export markets
typically boosts productivity.
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THE ECOLOGICAL AND
SOCIO-ECONOMIC EFFECTS
OF DESERTIFICATION
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The negative impacts of
desertification are twofold:
Socio-economic
Ecological
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It changes soil quality, damages soil
structure and leads to the loss of soil
nutrients
It changes land surface characteristics
It reduces the agricultural productivity of
the land
It leads to the loss of Ecosystem diversity
ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Soil Resources
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It changes water quality and
quantity
It causes loss of productivity
and impairment of aquatic
ecosystems
Water Resources
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It leads to the
reduction in
biodiversity
It reduces plant
composition and
abundance
Wildlife, Plants And People
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It affects the regional and global energy
balance, reduce carbon sequestration and
storage and increase carbon dioxide emission
contributing to the greenhouse effect
It undermines the structure and functions of
ecological systems such as biogeochemical
cycles (i.e. carbon, hydrological, and nutrient
cycles)
Climate
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SOCIO-ECONOMIC EFFECTS
It can worsens the effects of poverty and dependence
It weakens populations and institutions
It reduces food security
Socio-economic development is disequilibrium
Dryland populations are often socially and politically
marginalized
Crop production, livestock and dairy production is
constrained.
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Geographical extent of
desertification
20% of the dry lands is suffering from human-
induced soil degradation.
70% of dry lands (excluding hyper-arid areas) were
suffering from soil and or vegetation degradation
10% of global dry lands (including hyper-arid areas)
are degradedas on 2003
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EXTENT OF DESERTIFICATION
GLOBALLY
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EXTENT OF DESERTIFICATION
GLOBALLY
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Some more examples ofdesertification trends
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COMBATING DESERTIFICATION GLOBALLY
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MEASURES TAKEN TO COMBATDESERTIFICATION
Terracing
Contour Ploughing
Crops can be grown on ridges and along slopes
Mix Cropping
Steep slopes should be used for forest and
pasture
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Contour Ploughing
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Raising awareness of the problem
Planting and protecting indigenous trees and shrubs
Using alternative sources of energy
Mobilizing and involving people
Development of local crops and rural markets
The creation of a culture ofprevention
Integrated land and water management
United Nations Convention to CombatDesertification (UNCCD)
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DESERTIFICATION IN INDIA
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ONE- FOURTH OF INDIA HEADED FOR
DESERTIFICATION
TOTAL AREA UNDER DESERTIFICATION --81.45 MN HECT
Desertification because of :
water erosion -- 26.21 million hectares
wind erosion -- 17.77 million hectares
degradation of vegetation -- 17.63 million hectares
frost shattering -- 9.47 million hectares
other reasons -- 10.37 million hectares
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Measures to Combat Desertification-
INDIA India became a signatory to the UNCCD on 14th October
1994.
The Ministry of Environment and Forests is the nodalMinistry in the Government of India for the UNCCD.
National Action Programme (NAP) to combat
desertification(Yr 2001).
Programmes and monitoring mechanism to Control
Desertification.
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CONCLUSION
Implementation of new laws and regulations
Enforcement of existing laws and regulations
Raising awareness about the problem.
Mobilizing and involving people in the fight against
desertification through education
Reintroducing and promoting traditional farming practices
Developing and Promoting sustainable agricultural practices
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Restoration
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THE END
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