digital system design practical file

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S.NO DESCRIPTIONPAGE

1. Write a program in VHDL to implement all logic gatesusing data flow modeling.

2.Write a program for the following circuits, check thewaveform and the hardware generated using behavioralmodeling: (a)Half Adder (b)Full Adder

3.Write a program for the 4:1 multiplexer, check thewaveform and the hardware generated using behavioralmodeling.

4.Write a program for the 1:4 demultiplexer, check thewaveform and the hardware generated using behavioralmodeling.

5.Write a program for the 8:3 encoder, check thewaveform and the hardware generated using behavioralmodeling.

6.Write a program for the 3:8 decoder, check thewaveform and the hardware generated using behavioralmodeling.

7.Write a program to implement 1-bit comparator in VHDLusing behavioral modeling.

8.Write a program in VHDL to implement up-down counterusing behavioral modeling.

9. Write a program to implement Binary to Gray codeconverter using behavioral modeling in VHDL

10. Write a program for the D flip-flop, check the waveformand the hardware generated using behavioral modeling.

SIGNATURENO.

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Program 1Aim: Write a program in VHDL to implement all logic gates using data flowmodeling.

Apparatus:

Tool used: Xilinx 8.2i

PC specification: 1GB RAM, 320GB hard disk

Theory:

AND gate: The AND gate is an electronic circuit that gives a high output (1) only if all its inputsare high. A dot (.) is used to show the AND operation i.e. A.B. Bear in mind that this dot issometimes omitted i.e. AB.

OR gate: The OR gate is an electronic circuit that gives a high output (1) if one or more of itsinputs are high. A plus (+) is used to show the OR operation.

NOT gate: The NOT gate is an electronic circuit that produces an inverted version of the inputat its output. It is also known as an inverter. If the input variable is A, the inverted output isknown as NOT A. This is also shown as A', or A with a bar over the top, as shown at theoutputs. The diagrams below show two ways that the NAND logic gate can be configured toproduce a NOT gate. It can also be done using NOR logic gates in the same way.

NAND gate: This is a NOT-AND gate which is equal to an AND gate followed by a NOT gate.The outputs of all NAND gates are high if any of the inputs are low. The symbol is an AND gatewith a small circle on the output. The small circle represents inversion.

NOR gate: This is a NOT-OR gate which is equal to an OR gate followed by a NOT gate. Theoutputs of all NOR gates are low if any of the inputs are high. The symbol is an OR gate with asmall circle on the output. The small circle represents inversion.

XOR gate: The 'Exclusive-OR' gate is a circuit which will give a high output if either, but notboth, of its two inputs are high. An encircled plus sign ( ) is used to show the EOR operation.

XNOR gate: The 'Exclusive-NOR' gate circuit does the opposite to the EOR gate. It will give alow output if either, but not both, of its two inputs are high. The symbol is an EXOR gate with asmall circle on the output. The small circle represents inversion.

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VHDL code for implementing logic gates using data flow modeling:

library IEEE;

use IEEE.STD_LOGIC_1164.ALL;

use IEEE.STD_LOGIC_ARITH.ALL;

use IEEE.STD_LOGIC_UNSIGNED.ALL;

---- Uncomment the following library declaration if instantiating

---- any Xilinx primitives in this code.

--library UNISIM;

--use UNISIM.VComponents.all;

entity gates_new is

Port ( a : in STD_LOGIC;

b : in STD_LOGIC;

y1 : out STD_LOGIC;

y2 : out STD_LOGIC;

y3 : out STD_LOGIC;

y4 : out STD_LOGIC;

y5 : out STD_LOGIC;

y6 : out STD_LOGIC;

y7 : out STD_LOGIC);

end gates_new;

architecture Behavioral of gates_new is

y1<=a and b;

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y2<=a or b;

y3<=not a;

y4<=a nand b;

y5<=a nor b;

y6<=a xor b;

y7<=a xnor b;

end Behavioral;

RTL schematic diagram for all logic gates:

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Technology schematic diagram for all logic gates:

AND gate:

Truth table:

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OR gate:

Truth table:

NAND gate:

Truth table:

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NOR gate:

Truth table:

XOR gate:

Truth table:

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XNOR gate:

Truth table:

Test Bench for implementing all logic gates using data flow modeling:

LIBRARY ieee;

USE ieee.std_logic_1164.ALL;

USE ieee.std_logic_unsigned.all;

USE ieee.numeric_std.ALL;

ENTITY gates_new_tb_vhd IS

END gates_new_tb_vhd;

ARCHITECTURE behavior OF gates_new_tb_vhd IS

-- Component Declaration for the Unit Under Test (UUT)

COMPONENT gates_new

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a : IN std_logic;

b : IN std_logic;

y1 : OUT std_logic;

y2 : OUT std_logic;

y3 : OUT std_logic;

y4 : OUT std_logic;

y5 : OUT std_logic;

y6 : OUT std_logic;

y7 : OUT std_logic

END COMPONENT;

--Inputs

SIGNAL a : std_logic := '0';

SIGNAL b : std_logic := '0';

--Outputs

SIGNAL y1 : std_logic;

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-- Instantiate the Unit Under Test (UUT)

uut: gates_new PORT MAP(

a => a,

b => b,

y1 => y1,

y2 => y2,

y3 => y3,

y4 => y4,

y5 => y5,

y6 => y6,

y7 => y7

tb : PROCESS

-- Place stimulus here

a<='0','1' after 100ns,'0' after 200ns;

b<='0','1' after 50ns,'0' after 100ns,'1' after 150ns;

wait; -- will wait forever

END PROCESS;

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Simulation waveform:

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Program 2Aim: To write a program for the following circuits, check the waveform andthe hardware generated using behavioral modeling.

(a)Half adder(b)Full adder

Apparatus:

(A) HALF ADDER

Theory: The half adder adds two single binary digits A and B. It has two outputs, sum (S) andcarry (C). The carry signal represents an overflow into the next digit of a multi-digit addition.The value of the sum is 2C + S. The simplest half-adder design, incorporates an XORgate for S and an AND gate for C. With the addition of an OR gate to combine their carryoutputs, two half adders can be combined to make a full adder.

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VHDL code for implementing half adder using behavioral modeling:

library IEEE;

--library UNISIM;

entity half_adder is

b : in STD_LOGIC;

sum : out STD_LOGIC;

carry : out STD_LOGIC);

end half_adder;

architecture Behavioral of half_adder is

sum<=a xor b;

carry<=a and b;

end Behavioral;

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RTL Schematic Diagram for implementing half adder:

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Technology Schematic Diagram for implementing half adder:

For SUM:

Truth table:

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For CARRY:

Truth table:

Test Bench for implementing half adder:

LIBRARY ieee;

ENTITY half_adder_tb_vhd IS

END half_adder_tb_vhd;

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ARCHITECTURE behavior OF half_adder_tb_vhd IS

COMPONENT half_adder

a : IN std_logic;

b : IN std_logic;

sum : OUT std_logic;

carry : OUT std_logic

END COMPONENT;

--Inputs

--Outputs

SIGNAL sum : std_logic;

SIGNAL carry : std_logic;

uut: half_adder PORT MAP(

a => a,

b => b,

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sum => sum,

carry => carry

tb : PROCESS

END PROCESS;

Simulation waveform for half adder:

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(B) FULL ADDER

Theory: A full adder adds binary numbers and accounts for values carried in as well as out. Aone-bit full adder adds three one-bit numbers, often written as A, B, and Cin; A and B are theoperands, and Cin is a bit carried in from the next less significant stage.[2] The full-adder isusually a component in a cascade of adders, which add 8, 16, 32, etc. binary numbers. The circuitproduces a two-bit output, output carry and sum typically represented by the signals Cout and S,

where .

VHDL code for implementing full adder using behavioral modeling:

library IEEE;

--library UNISIM;

entity full_adder is

b : in STD_LOGIC;

cin : in STD_LOGIC;

sum : out STD_LOGIC;

carry : out STD_LOGIC);

end full_adder;

architecture Behavioral of full_adder is

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sum<=a xor b xor cin;

carry<=(a and b)or(a and cin)or(b and cin);

end Behavioral;

RTL Schematic Diagram for implementing full adder:

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Technology Schematic Diagram for implementing full adder:

For SUM:

Truth table:

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For CARRY:

Truth table:

Test Bench for implementing full adder:

LIBRARY ieee;

ENTITY full_adder_tb_vhd IS

END full_adder_tb_vhd;

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ARCHITECTURE behavior OF full_adder_tb_vhd IS

COMPONENT full_adder

a : IN std_logic;

b : IN std_logic;

cin : IN std_logic;

sum : OUT std_logic;

carry : OUT std_logic

END COMPONENT;

--Inputs

SIGNAL cin : std_logic := '0';

--Outputs

SIGNAL sum : std_logic;

SIGNAL carry : std_logic;

uut: full_adder PORT MAP(

a => a,

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b => b,

cin => cin,

sum => sum,

carry => carry

tb : PROCESS

-- Wait 100 ns for global reset to finish

cin<='0','1' after 50ns,'0' after 150ns,'1' after 200ns;

END PROCESS;

Simulation Waveform for Full Adder:

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Program 3Aim: To write a program for the 4:1 multiplexer, check the waveform and thehardware generated using behavioral modeling.

Apparatus:

Theory: In electronics, a multiplexer (or mux) is a device that selects one of several

analog or digital input signals and forwards the selected input into a single line. A multiplexer of2n inputs has n select lines, which are used to select which input line to send to theoutput. Multiplexers are mainly used to increase the amount of data that can be sent overthe network within a certain amount of time and bandwidth. A multiplexer is also called a dataselector. An electronic multiplexer makes it possible for several signals to share one device orresource, for example one A/D converter or one communication line, instead of having onedevice per input signal.

4:1 multiplexer

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VHDL code for implementing 4:1 multiplexer using behavioral modeling:

library IEEE;

--library UNISIM;

entity mux4to1 is

Port ( i0 : in STD_LOGIC;

i1 : in STD_LOGIC;

i2 : in STD_LOGIC;

i3 : in STD_LOGIC;

s0 : in STD_LOGIC;

s1 : in STD_LOGIC;

y : out STD_LOGIC);

end mux4to1;

architecture Behavioral of mux4to1 is

process(i0,i1,i2,i3,s0,s1)

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if(s1='0' and s0='0') then

y<=i0;

elsif(s1='0' and s0='1') then

y<=i1;

elsif(s1='1' and s0='0') then

y<=i2;

y<=i3;

end if;

end process;

end Behavioral;

RTL Schematic Diagram for implementing 4:1 multiplexer:

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Technology Schematic Diagram for implementing 4:1 multiplexer:

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Test bench for 4:1 multiplexer:

HDL Test Bench

LIBRARY ieee;

ENTITY pgm3_tb_vhd IS

END pgm3_tb_vhd;

ARCHITECTURE behavior OF pgm3_tb_vhd IS

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COMPONENT pgm3

i0 : IN std_logic;

i1 : IN std_logic;

i2 : IN std_logic;

i3 : IN std_logic;

S0 : IN std_logic;

S1 : IN std_logic;

Y : OUT std_logic

END COMPONENT;

--Inputs

SIGNAL i0 : std_logic := '0';

SIGNAL S0 : std_logic := '0';

SIGNAL S1 : std_logic := '0';

--Outputs

SIGNAL Y : std_logic;

uut: pgm3 PORT MAP(

i0 => i0,

i1 => i1,

i2 => i2,

i3 => i3,

S0 => S0,

S1 => S1,

Y => Y

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tb : PROCESS

i0<='0','1' after 50ns, '0' after 100ns;

i1<='0','1' after 100ns, '0' after 150ns, '1' after 200ns;

i2<='0','1' after 50ns, '0' after 100ns;

i3<='0','1' after 50ns, '0' after 100ns, '1' after 200ns;

S0<='0','1' after 150ns, '0' after 200ns;

S1<='0','1' after 50ns, '0' after 100ns;

END PROCESS;

Simulation waveform for 4:1 multiplexer:

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Program 4Aim: To write a program for the 1:4 demultiplexer, check the waveform andthe hardware generated using behavioral modeling.

Apparatus:

Theory: A demultiplexer (or demux) is a device taking a single input signal and selecting oneof many data-output-lines, which is connected to the single input. A multiplexer is often usedwith a complementary demultiplexer on the receiving end. Demultiplexers take one data inputand a number of selection inputs, and they have several outputs. They forward the data input toone of the outputs depending on the values of the selection inputs. Demultiplexers are sometimesconvenient for designing general purpose logic, because if the demultiplexer's input is alwaystrue, the demultiplexer acts as a decoder. This means that any function of the selection bits canbe constructed by logically OR-ing the correct set of outputs.

1:4 demultiplexer

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VHDL code for implementing 1:4 demultiplexer using behavioral modeling:

library IEEE;

--library UNISIM;

entity demux is

Port ( Y : in STD_LOGIC;

S0 : in STD_LOGIC;

S1 : in STD_LOGIC;

I0 : out STD_LOGIC;

I1 : out STD_LOGIC;

I2 : out STD_LOGIC;

I3 : out STD_LOGIC);

end demux;

architecture Behavioral of demux is

process(Y,S1,S0)

if(S1='0' and S0='0') then

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I0<=Y;

Elsif(S1='0' and S0='1') then

I1<=Y;

I2<=Y;

I3<=Y;

End if;

End process;

end Behavioral;

RTL Schematic Diagram for implementing 1:4 demultiplexer:

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Technology Schematic Diagram for implementing 1:4 demultiplexer:

Truth Table:

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VHDL Test Bench using for 1:4 demultiplexer:

VHDL TEST BENCHLIBRARY ieee;USE ieee.std_logic_1164.ALL;USE ieee.std_logic_unsigned.all;USE ieee.numeric_std.ALL;

ENTITY demux_tb_vhd ISEND demux_tb_vhd;

ARCHITECTURE behavior OF demux_tb_vhd IS

-- Component Declaration for the Unit Under Test (UUT)COMPONENT demuxPORT(

Y : IN std_logic;S0 : IN std_logic;S1 : IN std_logic;I0 : OUT std_logic;I1 : OUT std_logic;I2 : OUT std_logic;I3 : OUT std_logic);

END COMPONENT;

--InputsSIGNAL Y : std_logic := '0';SIGNAL S0 : std_logic := '0';SIGNAL S1 : std_logic := '0';

--OutputsSIGNAL I0 : std_logic;SIGNAL I1 : std_logic;SIGNAL I2 : std_logic;SIGNAL I3 : std_logic;

-- Instantiate the Unit Under Test (UUT)uut: demux PORT MAP(

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Y => Y,S0 => S0,S1 => S1,I0 => I0,I1 => I1,I2 => I2,I3 => I3

tb : PROCESSBEGIN

S0<='0','1' after 150ns, '0' after 200ns;S1<='0','1' after 50ns, '0' after 100ns, '1' after 200ns;

wait; -- will wait foreverEND PROCESS;

Simulation Waveform for 1:4 demultiplexer :

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Program 5Aim: To write a program for the 8:3 encoder, check the waveform and thehardware generated using behavioral modeling.

Apparatus:

Theory: An encoder is a device, circuit, transducer, software program, algorithm or person thatconverts information from one format or code to another. The purpose of encoder isstandardization, speed, secrecy, security, or saving space by shrinking size. Encoders arecombinational logic circuits and they are exactly opposite of decoders. They accept one or moreinputs and generate a multibit output code.

Encoders perform exactly reverse operation than decoder. An encoder has M input and N outputlines. Out of M input lines only one is activated at a time and produces equivalent code on outputN lines. If a device output code has fewer bits than the input code has, the device is usuallycalled an encoder.

Truth table for 8:3 encoder:-

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VHDL code for implementing 8:3 encoder using behavioral modeling:

library IEEE;

--library UNISIM;

entity encod8to3 is

Port ( i : in STD_LOGIC_VECTOR (7 downto 0);

y : out STD_LOGIC_VECTOR (2 downto 0);

enable : in STD_LOGIC);

end encod8to3;

architecture Behavioral of encod8to3 is

process(i,enable)

if(enable='0') then y<="000";

case i is

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when "00000001" => y <="000";

when "00000010" => y <="001";

when "00000100" => y <="010";

when "00001000" => y <="011";

when "00010000" => y <="100";

when "00100000" => y <="101";

when "01000000" => y <="110";

when "10000000" => y <="111";

when others => y <="000";

end case;

end if;

end process;

end Behavioral;

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RTL Schematic Diagram for implementing 8:3 encoder:

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Technology Schematic Diagram for implementing 8:3 encoder:

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Test bench for 8:3 encoder:

LIBRARY ieee;

ENTITY encd_tb_vhd IS

END encd_tb_vhd;

ARCHITECTURE behavior OF encd_tb_vhd IS

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COMPONENT encod8to3

i : IN std_logic_vector(7 downto 0);

enable : IN std_logic;

y : OUT std_logic_vector(2 downto 0)

END COMPONENT;

--Inputs

SIGNAL enable : std_logic := '0';

SIGNAL i : std_logic_vector(7 downto 0) := (others=>'0');

--Outputs

SIGNAL y : std_logic_vector(2 downto 0);

uut: encod8to3 PORT MAP(

i => i,

y => y,

enable => enable

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tb : PROCESS

enable<='1';

i<="00000001","00000010" after 10ns,"00000100" after 20ns,"00001000" after 30ns,"00010000" after 40ns,"00100000" after 50ns,"01000000" after 60ns,"10000000" after70ns;

END PROCESS;

Simulation waveform for 8:3 encoder :

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Program 6Aim: To write a program for the 3:8 decoder, check the waveform and thehardware generated using behavioral modeling.

Apparatus:

Theory: In digital electronics, a decoder can take the form of a multiple-input, multiple-outputlogic circuit that converts coded inputs into coded outputs, where the input and output codes aredifferent e.g. n-to-2n , binary-coded decimal decoders. Decoding is necessary in applicationssuch as data multiplexing, 7 segment display and memory address decoding.

3:8 decoder uses all AND gates, and therefore, the outputs are active- high. For active- lowoutputs, NAND gates are used. It has 3 input lines and 8 output lines. It is also called as binary tooctal decoder it takes a 3-bit binary input code and activates one of the 8(octal) outputscorresponding to that code. The truth table is as follows:

Truth Table of 3:8 decoder

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VHDL code for implementing 3:8 decoder using behavioral modeling:

library IEEE;

--library UNISIM;

entity dec3to8 is

Port ( i : in STD_LOGIC_VECTOR (2 downto 0);

o : out STD_LOGIC_VECTOR (7 downto 0);

enable : in STD_LOGIC);

end dec3to8;

architecture Behavioral of dec3to8 is

process(i,enable)

if(enable='0') then o<="00000000";

case i is

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when "000" => o <="00000001";

when "001"=> o <= "00000010";

when "010"=> o <= "00000100";

when "011"=> o <= "00001000";

when "100"=> o <= "00010000";

when "101"=> o <= "00100000";

when "110"=> o <= "01000000";

when "111"=> o<= "10000000";

when others => o <="00000000";

end case;

end if;

end process;

end Behavioral;

RTL Schematic Diagram for implementing 3:8 decoder:

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Technology Schematic Diagram for implementing 3:8 decoder:

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VHDL Test Bench using for 3:8 decoder:

LIBRARY ieee;

ENTITY dec3to8_tb_vhd IS

END dec3to8_tb_vhd;

ARCHITECTURE behavior OF dec3to8_tb_vhd IS

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COMPONENT dec3to8

i : IN std_logic_vector(2 downto 0);

enable : IN std_logic;

o : OUT std_logic_vector(7 downto 0)

END COMPONENT;

--Inputs

SIGNAL enable : std_logic := '0';

SIGNAL i : std_logic_vector(2 downto 0) := (others=>'0');

--Outputs

SIGNAL o : std_logic_vector(7 downto 0);

uut: dec3to8 PORT MAP(

i => i,

o => o,

enable => enable

tb : PROCESS

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enable<='1';

i<="000","001" after 10ns, "010" after 20ns,"011" after 30ns,"100" after 40ns,"101" after50ns,"110" after 60ns,"111" after 70ns;

END PROCESS;

Simulation Waveform for 3:8 decoder :

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Program 7Aim: Write a program to implement 1-bit comparator in VHDL usingbehavioral modeling.

Apparatus:

Theory:

A digital comparator or magnitude comparator is a hardware electronic device that takes twonumbers as input in binary form and determines whether one number is greater than, less than orequal to the other number. Comparators are used in central processing units (CPUs)and microcontrollers (MCUs).

The operation of a single bit digital comparator can be expressed as a truth table:

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VHDL code for implementing 1-bit comparator using behavioral modeling:

library IEEE;use IEEE.STD_LOGIC_1164.ALL;use IEEE.STD_LOGIC_ARITH.ALL;use IEEE.STD_LOGIC_UNSIGNED.ALL;

---- Uncomment the following library declaration if instantiating---- any Xilinx primitives in this code.--library UNISIM;--use UNISIM.VComponents.all;

entity com isPort ( a : in STD_LOGIC;

b : in STD_LOGIC;agb : out STD_LOGIC;aeb : out STD_LOGIC;alb : out STD_LOGIC);

end com;

architecture Behavioral of com is

beginprocess(a,b)begin

if(a>b)thenagb<='1';aeb<='0';alb<='0';

elsif(a=b) thenagb<='0';aeb<='1';alb<='0';

elsif(a<b) thenagb<='0';aeb<='0';alb<='1';

end if;end process;end Behavioral;

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RTL schematic diagram for 1-bit comparator:

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Technology schematic diagram for 1-bit comparator:

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Truth tables:

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Test Bench for implementing 1-bit comparator using behavioral modeling:

LIBRARY ieee;USE ieee.std_logic_1164.ALL;USE ieee.std_logic_unsigned.all;USE ieee.numeric_std.ALL;

ENTITY com_tb_vhd ISEND com_tb_vhd;

ARCHITECTURE behavior OF com_tb_vhd IS

-- Component Declaration for the Unit Under Test (UUT)COMPONENT com

PORT(a : IN std_logic;b : IN std_logic;agb : OUT std_logic;aeb : OUT std_logic;alb : OUT std_logic);

END COMPONENT;

--InputsSIGNAL a : std_logic := '0';SIGNAL b : std_logic := '0';

--OutputsSIGNAL agb : std_logic;SIGNAL aeb : std_logic;SIGNAL alb : std_logic;

-- Instantiate the Unit Under Test (UUT)uut: com PORT MAP(

a => a,b => b,agb => agb,aeb => aeb,

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alb => alb);

tb : PROCESSBEGIN

-- Place stimulus herea<='0','1' after 20ns,'0' after 100ns,'1' after 150ns;b<='0','1' after 20ns,'0' after 80ns,'1' after 120ns;

wait; -- will wait foreverEND PROCESS;

Simulation Waveform for 1-bit comparator :

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Program 8Aim: Write a program in VHDL to implement up-down counter usingbehavioral modeling.

Apparatus:

Theory: The similarities between the implementation of a binary up counter and a binary downcounter leads to the possibility of a binary up/down counter, which is a binary up counter and abinary down counter combined into one. Since the difference is only in which output of the flip-flop to use, the normal output or the inverted one, we use two AND gates for each flip-flop to"choose" which of the output to use.

From the diagram, we can see that COUNT-UP and COUNT-DOWN are used as control inputsto determine whether the normal flip-flop outputs or the inverted ones are fed into the J-K inputsof the following flip-flops. If neither is at logic level 1, the counter doesn't count and if both areat logic level 1, all the bits of the counter toggle at every clock pulse. The OR gate allows eitherof the two outputs which have been enabled to be fed into the next flip-flop. As with the binaryup and binary down counter, the speed up techniques apply.

3-Bit Synchronous Up-Down Counter

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VHDL code for implementing up-down counter using behavioral modeling:

library IEEE;

--library UNISIM;

entity up_dc is

Port ( pr : in STD_LOGIC;

clr : in STD_LOGIC;

clk : in STD_LOGIC;

t : in STD_LOGIC;

q : inout STD_LOGIC_VECTOR (2 downto 0));

end up_dc;

architecture Behavioral of up_dc is

function "+"(a,b:bit_vector(0 to 2)) return bit_vector is

variable cout:bit;

variable cin: bit:='0';

variable sum: bit_vector(0 to 2):="000";

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for i in 0 to 2 loop

cout:=(a(i) and b(i)) or (b(i) and cin) or (a(i) and cin);

sum(i):=a(i) xor b(i) xor cin;

cin:= cout;

end loop;

return sum;

end"+";

process(clk,pr,clr)

if(pr='0' and clr='1') then

q<="111";

elsif (pr='1' and clr='0') then

q<="000";

elsif(pr='1' and clr='1' and clk='0' and clk' event) then

q<=q+ "100";

end if;

end process;

end Behavioral;

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RTL schematic diagram for up-down counter:

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Technology schematic diagram for up-down counter:

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Test Bench for implementing up-down counter using behavioral modeling:

LIBRARY ieee;

ENTITY up_dc_tb_vhd IS

END up_dc_tb_vhd;

ARCHITECTURE behavior OF up_dc_tb_vhd IS

COMPONENT up_dc

pr : IN std_logic;

clr : IN std_logic;

clk : IN std_logic;

t : IN std_logic;

q : INOUT std_logic_vector(2 downto 0)

END COMPONENT;

--Inputs

SIGNAL pr : std_logic := '0';

SIGNAL clr : std_logic := '0';

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SIGNAL clk : std_logic := '0';

SIGNAL t : std_logic := '0';

--BiDirs

SIGNAL q : std_logic_vector(2 downto 0);

uut: up_dc PORT MAP(

pr => pr,

clr => clr,

clk => clk,

t => t,

q => q

tb : PROCESS

clk<='1', '1' after 100ns,'0' after 150ns;

pr<='0', '1' after 200ns, '0' after 250ns;

clr<='0' ,'1' after 80ns, '0' after 100ns;

t<='0', '1' after 100ns,'0' after 200ns;

END PROCESS;

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Simulation waveform for up-down counter :

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Program 9Aim: Write a program to implement Binary to Gray code converter usingbehavioral modeling in VHDL

Apparatus:

Theory:

A Binary code is a way of representing text or computer processor instructions by the use of thebinary number system's two-binary digits 0 and 1. This is accomplished by assigning a bit stringto each particular symbol or instruction. For example, a binary string of eight binary digits (bits)can represent any of 256 possible values and can therefore correspond to a variety of differentsymbols, letters or instructions.

Gray code is a type of unit distance code. In unit distance code the bit patterns for twoconsecutive numbers will differ in one bit position. We can also say it as Cyclic codes.

Binary to Gray Code Conversion

Follow the below Steps to convert Binary number to gray code. The steps are displayed here.Lets Consider The Binary number B1 B2 B3 B4 ... Bn and the Gray code is G1 G2 G3 G4 ... Gn

1. Most significant bit (B1) is same as the most significant bit in Gray Code (B1 = G1)2. To find next bit perform Ex-OR (Exclusive OR) between the Current binary bit and

previous bit. The formula for this conversion is shown below. This is as follows:Gn = Bn (Ex-OR) Bn-1

3. Look the below Image for Binary to Gray code Conversion

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VHDL code for implementing binary to gray code converter using behavioralmodeling:

library IEEE;

--library UNISIM;

entity bit_vhdl is

Port ( b : in STD_LOGIC_VECTOR (2 downto 0);

g : out STD_LOGIC_VECTOR (2 downto 0));

end bit_vhdl;

architecture Behavioral of bit_vhdl is

process(b)

g(2)<=b(2);

g(1)<=b(2)xor b(1);

g(0)<=b(1)xor b(0);

end process;

end Behavioral;

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RTL schematic diagram for binary to gray code converter:

Technology schematic diagram for binary to gray code converter:

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Test Bench for implementing binary to gray code converter using behavioralmodeling:

LIBRARY ieee;

ENTITY bit_tb_vhd IS

END bit_tb_vhd;

ARCHITECTURE behavior OF bit_tb_vhd IS

COMPONENT bit_vhdl

b : IN std_logic_vector(2 downto 0);

g : OUT std_logic_vector(2 downto 0)

END COMPONENT;

--Inputs

SIGNAL b : std_logic_vector(2 downto 0) := (others=>'0');

--Outputs

SIGNAL g : std_logic_vector(2 downto 0);

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uut: bit_vhdl PORT MAP(

b => b,

g => g

tb : PROCESS

wait for 100ns;

b<="000" after 300ns,"001" after 400ns,"010" after 500ns,"011" after 600ns,"100" after700ns,"101" after 800ns,"110" after 900ns,"111" after 1000ns ;

END PROCESS;

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Program 10Aim: To write a program for the D flip-flop, check the waveform and thehardware generated using behavioral modeling.

Apparatus:

Theory: The D flip flop characteristic table has 3 columns. The first column is the value of D,a control input. The second column is the current state that is the current value being output byQ. The third column is the next state, that is, the value of Q at the next positive edge. It's labeledwith Q and the superscript, + (the plus sign). Sometimes, the current state is written as Q(t)which means the value of Q at the current time, t, and the next state is written as Q(t + 1) whichmeans the value of Q at the next clock edge. However, I'll usually write it as Q+.

The characteristic table is unusual, because the second column isn't really an input, it's an output.The third column is really the same output, but just the output at a future time. The D flip flophas two possible values. When D = 0, the flip flop does a reset. A reset means that the output, Qis set to 0. When D = 1, the flip flop does a set, which means the output Q is set to 1. This ishow you can picture the flip flop working. When the clock is not at a positive edge, the flip flopignores D. However, at the positive edge, it reads in the value, D, and based on D, it updates thevalue of Q (and of course, Q'). There is some small amount of delay while it reads in the controlinput (from D) and the output. In fact, the "D" in D flip flop stands for "delay". It basicallymeans that the "D" value is not read immediately, but only at the next positive clock edge.

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VHDL code for implementing D flip-flop using behavioral modeling:

library IEEE;

--library UNISIM;

entity d_ff is

Port ( clk : in STD_LOGIC;

pr : in STD_LOGIC;

clr : in STD_LOGIC;

d : in STD_LOGIC;

q : out STD_LOGIC);

end d_ff;

architecture Behavioral of d_ff is

process(clk,pr,clr)

if(pr='0' and clr='1') then

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q<='1';

elsif(pr='1' and clr='0') then

q<='0';

elsif(pr='1' and clr='1' and clk='0' and clk'event) then

end if;

end process;

end Behavioral;

RTL Schematic Diagram for implementing D flip-flop:

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Technology Schematic Diagram for implementing D flip-flop:

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Test bench for D flip-flop:

LIBRARY ieee;

ENTITY d_ff_tb_vhd IS

END d_ff_tb_vhd;

ARCHITECTURE behavior OF d_ff_tb_vhd IS

COMPONENT d_ff

clk : IN std_logic;

pr : IN std_logic;

clr : IN std_logic;

d : IN std_logic;

q : OUT std_logic

END COMPONENT;

--Inputs

SIGNAL clk : std_logic := '0';

SIGNAL pr : std_logic := '0';

SIGNAL clr : std_logic := '0';

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SIGNAL d : std_logic := '0';

--Outputs

SIGNAL q : std_logic;

uut: d_ff PORT MAP(

clk => clk,

pr => pr,

clr => clr,

d => d,

q => q

tb : PROCESS

clk<='1','1' after 100ns,'0' after 200ns,'1' after 300ns;

pr<='1','0' after 100ns,'1' after 200ns,'0' after 300ns;

clr<='0','1' after 100ns,'0' after 250ns,'1' after 350ns;

d<='0','1' after 80ns,'0' after 200ns,'1' after 300ns;

END PROCESS;

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