disaster risk reduction general concepts vlatko jovanovski,mdma protection and rescue directorate...

Disaster Risk Reduction General concepts

REPUBLICOF MACEDONIAPR

OTEC

TION

AN

DRESCUE

DIRECTORATE

Vlatko Jovanovski,MDMaProtection and Rescue Directorate

ul.Vasko Karangeleski 8, 1000 Skopjevlatko.jovanovski@dzs.gov.mk

+389 75 457 538

Content

• Disaster risk reduction– Evolution– Core elements

• DRR challenges– Climate change– Urbanization– Information management

• Conclusion

DRR a moving agendaInternational Decade on Natural Disaster Reduction

1990-1999

1994

Yokohama Strategy – World Conference on Disaster Risk Reduction

United Nations International Strategy for Disaster Reduction(UNISDR)

2000

2005

World Conferenceon Disaster Risk Reduction - Kobe

Global Platform for DRR

2007

Hyogo Framework for Action 2005 - 2015

• Make DRR national priority; • Identification, assessment and monitoring

of disaster risks; • Using knowledge and innovation for DRR; • Reducing underlying factors and • Strengthening preparedness capacities.

DRR definition

“The conceptual framework of elements considered with the possibilities to minimize

vulnerabilities and disaster risks throughout a society, to avoid (prevention) or to limit

(mitigation and preparedness) the adverse impacts of hazards, within the broad context of

sustainable development.”

Source UNISDR,2009

Disasters as social constructions

Pakistan floods, 2010 Haiti earthquake, 2010

Hurricane Katrina, 2005 Great East Japan earthquake,2010

Iceland volcanic erruption,2010

Disaster Management (DM)

Disaster Risk Reduction Resp Rec.

Risk Assessment

Prevention Mitigation Preparedness

Risk Analysis

Risk Eval.

Conceptual framework for DM

Sustainable development

Another Risk Model

Concept of Risk

Risk(R)

HAZARD(H)

VULNERABILITY(V)

DISASTER

Modified from C.Wamsler, Lund Univerisity 2012

Risk Assessment• Answers the questions:

– What can happen?– How likely is that to happen?– What will the consequences be?

• Challenges– Risk perception– Time– Agent– Multi-hazard

Risk assessment products

TsunamiGeographic

extent

Large

Small

Scenario 2

Scenario 1

Early warning system

successful?

No

Yes

Scenario 4

Scenario 3

Early warning system

successful?

No

Yes

Risk assessment outcomes

Source:I.Davis,2012

Challenges

• Urbanization– More than half of the world’s current population lives in cities– By the year 2015 there are expected to be 60 megacities in the

world, each with a population of 10 million or more people– High concentrations of resources and people within cities also

mean that the economic social, and environmental costs of extreme events are high in urban areas

,

Challenges

• Climate change– increase the frequency and magnitude of

many types of extreme events, including floods, droughts, tropical cyclones and wildfires

– change the nature of many types of hazards– may lead to relocation within and between

countries

Challenges

• Digital era– Number of cell phone users is bigger than the

total world population– Use of social media in disaster management

“The difficulty in securing andmaintaining resources for disasterrisk reduction is that if it issuccessful, nothing happens andnobody knows about it”

John Tomblin,1988