do geologic mapping programs in the u.s. as presently constituted meet pressing societal needs? don...
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DO GEOLOGIC MAPPING PROGRAMS IN THE U.S. AS PRESENTLY CONSTITUTED
MEET PRESSING SOCIETAL NEEDS?
Don McKayIllinois State Geological Survey
Institute of Natural Resource Sustainability
mckay@isgs.illinois.edu
Geological Society of AmericaPortland, OregonOctober 17, 2009
Overview
– Objectives of geologic mapping– Ongoing programs and progress– Are programs reaching objectives?– A role for geologic mapping coalitions– Charge: Make 3-D more than our secret!
National Cooperative Geologic Mapping Program (NCGMP)
A 3-D geologic framework is the integrator of geoscience information.
Mission: To provide reliable geologic maps and subsurface frameworks that contribute to sustaining and improving the quality of life and economic vitality of the Nation and
mitigating hazardous events and conditions.
Source: NCGMP 2009
Geologic Mapping Programs
• NCGMP– Since 1992– Components
• STATEMAP (mapping by state geological surveys)• EDMAP• FEDMAP
• Regional Coalitions and Federal Initiatives (NEW)– Funding (steady and not growing)– Progress (steady but slow)
• Other mapping in the U.S. – County and local funds or special projects & appropriations
• Mainly surficial mapping; some 3-D
– Innovative approaches using 3-D• U.S. Midwest and elsewhere
• International 3-D mapping! – U. K., Netherlands, Australia, France, Canada, Germany,
Finland...
NCGMP Approach
• Mainly bedrock or surficial geology• 1:24K and 1:100K• Standard map product:
– Map sheet and inset maps– Cross section(s)– Explanation and supplemental text– Digital graphics and sometimes data
• 3-D is a minor component so far
Bedrock vs. Surficial Mapping to Date
Source: NCGMP 2009
Bedrock Maps - 2,928
Surficial Maps - 863
23%
77%
$0.00
$1,000,000.00
$2,000,000.00
$3,000,000.00
$4,000,000.00
$5,000,000.00
$6,000,000.00
$7,000,000.00
1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009
STATEMAP FUNDING 1993-2009
Source: NCGMP 2009
43 to 47 States Participating
Number of 1:24K mapsfunded annually by NCGMP
# of mapssquare miles
Source: NCGMP 2009
>55,000 7.5-min. quads. in the U.S. lower 48110 yr. @ 500 quads/yr.
The Fourth NCGMP Component
• Regional Mapping Coalitions – e.g. Great Lakes Geologic Mapping Coalition (GLGMC)
• IL, IN, MI, MN, NY, OH, PA, & WI• Insert funding and 3-D into the NCGMP
• Coalitions are managed as Statemap projects are.– State geological surveys are eligible– Dollar for dollar match– 50 - 4 - 46 split (Fedmap-Edmap-Statemap)– Annual funding cycle and product delivery– Oversight by NCGMP staff
• Federal Initiatives requiring geologic mapping– e.g. Water Census
The GLGMC seeks to map near-surface (glacial) geology of select areas in 3-D
>100,000
>500,000
>1,000,000
Population by Metropolitan Statistical Area
>5,000,000
>2,500,000
Source: U.S. Census Bureau
3-D mapping is needed especially near cities where:
• Growth has been concentrated.• Natural resource demands are large.• Economic development is (can be) rapid. • Human health and safety issues are potentially severe.• Environmental problems are long-standing and widespread.• Consequences of decisions made in ignorance are serious.
3-D Approach is Optimum for:• Geologic data
– Integration– Visualization– Analysis– Interpretation
• Geologic framework – Synthesis– Representation– Refinement
• Technology transfer– Input to other models, e.g. groundwater flow & transport
• Presentation– Communication to non-scientists– Intuitive understanding
Bylot Island, Canada
Knik Glacier, AK
ice
sediment
Complex glacialsedimentaryenvironments
Unaware of
what lies beneath
Glaciated Terrain Demands Subsurface
Exploration
In glacial terrain:• Surficial features don’t allow prediction of subsurface unit character, composition, continuity, depth or thickness• Strike and dip are useless• Facies changes are abrupt• Erosion surfaces are common • Structural deformation may be intense
IndianapolisIndianapolis
19991997
Input from map users — indentified issues
Stakeholder Forums
1997199920012002
Congressional InteractionsCoalition members and stakeholders
carry the message to Washington!
1997-2009
Coalition members and stakeholders
carry the message to Washington!
1997-2009
Great Lakes Geologic Mapping Coalition
“Hill” Visits 2009• Congressional offices of 6 of 8
Coalition states• 89 meetings• Multi-state Congressional
delegation letters (House & Senate)
• Interior Appropriations Staff (Senate and House)
• OSTP, Executive Office of the President
• Office of Management and Budget
• Department of the Interior
Where needed the GLGMC maps the subsurface using 3-D tools
aquifersaquitards
NW Lake Co.
3-D Geologic model ofQuaternary deposits,
Lake Co., IL
What next?
• 3-D Workshops– 2001 | 2002 | 2004 | 2005 | 2007 | 2009 ...– 3-D tools, techniques, and products that were
novel in 2001 are increasingly sophisticated.– The technology and expertise are maturing.– The world community of 3-D practitioners is
interconnected and growing.
• The 3-D approach is a natural evolution of geological mapping
• Aren’t we ready to implement it widely?• Who better than the practitioners to help take
3-D to the next step?
ChargeMake 3-D more than our secret.
Be a factor in making 3-D geologic modeling & mapping the approach of choice.
– Share 3-D technology and resources. – Network with others using 3-D approaches.– Promote broader awareness of the need for 3-D. – Demonstrate the value of 3-D by applying it regularly.
– Form or join a mapping coalition. – Identify and involve stakeholders. – Contact Congress & Administration.– Seek to increase funding of the NCGMP. – Support your Geological Survey and Coalition.
AcknowledgementsIllinois State Geological Survey
Dick Berg, Steve Brown, Don Keefer, Jason Thomason
Institute of Natural Resource Sustainability - UIUCBill Shilts
GLGMC Member states: Indiana - John SteinmetzOhio - Larry WickstromMichigan - Hal FitchPennsylvania - Jay ParrishNew York - Bill KellyMinnesota - Harvey ThorliefsonWisconsin - Jamie Robertson
USGSRandy OrndorffDave SollerJim McNeilNCGMP team
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