do now

Do Now•Please open your textbook to page 325 & answer the two questions below the map titled “Expansion of Rome”.

•When completed please turn to pg. 326 & answer question below the caption “The Roman Arch”.

FROM REPUBLIC TO EMPIRECHAPTER 11 SECTION 1

Big Idea: After changing from a republic to an empire, Rome grew politically and economically, and developed a culture that influenced later civilizations.

Roman civilization (Do not write)

• There were two periods of Roman government.• Roman Republic

• 509 BCE-30 BCE• Roman Empire

• 30 BCE-476 CE

• The term “Roman Empire” refers to the time period, beginning with Augustus, when Rome was ruled by emperors.

Final years of the Republic, 145 to 44 B.C.E.• Roman conquests & brought great wealth, but wars cost money.

• Taxes increased• Romans resented paying money.• Middle class paid most of burden

• Upset citizens & slaves revolted.• Rome became overcrowded.• Wealthy bought up farmland• Farmers & laborers lost their jobs.

• The Republic collapsed.

Julius Caesar (Great General)• Admired for his bravery & battle skills

• Gained huge popularity in politics while conquering Gaul• Was allies with Pompey & Crassus

• Fearful Caesar was becoming too powerful• Pompey convinced the Senate to tell Caesar to give up

his army.• Caesar refused.• Led troops back into Rome, chasing after Pompey &

allies• After three years of fighting he defeated Pompey.• Caesar named himself dictator for life.• Had a vision of Rome.• He started colonies & granted citizenship.• March 15, 44 B.C. a group of enemies

assassinated Caesar.

Homework

•Pg. 322 vocabulary & pg. 328 #1-4

Do Now•Please take out your homework from Monday• It was Pg. 322 vocabulary & pg. 328 #1-4

•Please read & answer the handout, (Roman achievement) #1-2

Rome becomes an Empire,44 B.C.E. to 14 C.E.

• Caesar’s murdered • Rome fell into civil war.

• Octavian (Caesar’s adopted son) became the sole ruler of Rome after his forces defeated Marc Antony & Cleopatra

• The Senate gave him the name “Augustus,” meaning “most high”

• Octavian was Rome’s 1st emperor.• Rome expanded & enjoyed Pax Romana

Rome’s accomplishments• Pax Romana – Roman Peace

• Peace lasted nearly 200 years

• Built roads to travel on & aqueducts to bring water into the city.

• Developed the use of the arch (Etruscans).

• Built great stadiums & amphitheaters for entertaing it’s citizens.

• Roman laws- stressed fairness & justice

• Romans were the 1st to institute: • innocent until proved guilty when accused of crime.• Evidence needed to be “clearer than daylight”

Homework

•Reading on Aqueducts•#1-8 & extended open response question.

Rome under Augustus:A Golden Age

Attempted to reform public morals by

promoting family life (largely unsuccessful).

Stoic philosophy, emphasized civic duty

Began the practice of declaring emperors gods, and of picking their own successors. (He called Haley’s Comet the spirit

of Caesar.)

Built and maintained the empire’s infrastructure

(e.g., roads).

Encouraged the growth of business.

Established fire and police departments for

Rome.Established a strong

money system.

Extended Roman citizenship to more &

more provinces.

Said he “found Rome a city of bricks and left it a

city of marble.”

Jesus, the founder of Christianity, was born in the Roman province of

Judea during the reign of Augustus.