do you think this is just a normal pig? you are wrong!

Do you think this is just a normal pig?

You are wrong!

This pig is responsible for

This pig is responsible for

Haemagglutinin 1

This pig is responsible for

Haemagglutinin 1

Haemagglutinin 2

This pig is responsible for

Haemagglutinin 1

Haemagglutinin 2

Haemagglutinin 3

AND

This pig is responsible for

Neuraminidase 1

This pig is responsible for

Neuraminidase 1

Neuraminidase 2

IT’S NOT JUST A NORMAL PIG IS IT?

The pig is one of the key contributors to Influenza A virus.

THESE ANIMALS ARE RESPONSIBLE AS WELL

The Horse

The Horse

Haemagglutinin 3

The Horse

Haemagglutinin 3

Haemagglutinin 7

AND

Birds are responsible

For……..

Birds

Haemagglutinin 1

Birds

Haemagglutinin 1

Haemagglutinin 2

Birds

Haemagglutinin 1

Haemagglutinin 2

Haemagglutinin 3

Birds

Haemagglutinin 1

Haemagglutinin 2

Haemagglutinin 3

Haemagglutinin 4

Birds

Haemagglutinin 1

Haemagglutinin 2

Haemagglutinin 3

Haemagglutinin 4

Haemagglutinin 5

Birds

Haemagglutinin 1

Haemagglutinin 2

Haemagglutinin 3

Haemagglutinin 4

Haemagglutinin 5

Haemagglutinin 6

Birds

Haemagglutinin 1

Haemagglutinin 2

Haemagglutinin 3

Haemagglutinin 4

Haemagglutinin 5

Haemagglutinin 6

Haemagglutinin 7

Birds

Haemagglutinin 1

Haemagglutinin 2

Haemagglutinin 3

Haemagglutinin 4

Haemagglutinin 5

Haemagglutinin 6

Haemagglutinin 7

Haemagglutinin 8

Birds

Haemagglutinin 1

Haemagglutinin 2

Haemagglutinin 3

Haemagglutinin 4

Haemagglutinin 5

Haemagglutinin 6

Haemagglutinin 7

Haemagglutinin 8

Haemagglutinin 9

Birds

Haemagglutinin 1

Haemagglutinin 2

Haemagglutinin 3

Haemagglutinin 4

Haemagglutinin 5

Haemagglutinin 6

Haemagglutinin 7

Haemagglutinin 8

Haemagglutinin 9

Haemagglutinin 10

Birds

Haemagglutinin 1

Haemagglutinin 2

Haemagglutinin 3

Haemagglutinin 4

Haemagglutinin 5

Haemagglutinin 6

Haemagglutinin 7

Haemagglutinin 8

Haemagglutinin 9

Haemagglutinin 10

Haemagglutinin 11

Birds

Haemagglutinin 1

Haemagglutinin 2

Haemagglutinin 3

Haemagglutinin 4

Haemagglutinin 5

Haemagglutinin 6

Haemagglutinin 7

Haemagglutinin 8

Haemagglutinin 9

Haemagglutinin 10

Haemagglutinin 11

Haemagglutinin 12

Birds

Haemagglutinin 1

Haemagglutinin 2

Haemagglutinin 3

Haemagglutinin 4

Haemagglutinin 5

Haemagglutinin 6

Haemagglutinin 7

Haemagglutinin 8

Haemagglutinin 9

Haemagglutinin 10

Haemagglutinin 11

Haemagglutinin 12

Haemagglutinin 13

Birds

Haemagglutinin 1

Haemagglutinin 2

Haemagglutinin 3

Haemagglutinin 4

Haemagglutinin 5

Haemagglutinin 6

Haemagglutinin 7

Haemagglutinin 8

Haemagglutinin 9

Haemagglutinin 10

Haemagglutinin 11

Haemagglutinin 12

Haemagglutinin 13

Haemagglutinin 14

Birds

Haemagglutinin 1

Haemagglutinin 2

Haemagglutinin 3

Haemagglutinin 4

Haemagglutinin 5

Haemagglutinin 6

Haemagglutinin 7

Haemagglutinin 8

Haemagglutinin 9

Haemagglutinin 10

Haemagglutinin 11

Haemagglutinin 12

Haemagglutinin 13

Haemagglutinin 14

Haemagglutinin 15

As well as…

Birds

Neuraminidase 1

Birds

Neuraminidase 1

Neuraminidase 2

Birds

Neuraminidase 1

Neuraminidase 2

Neuraminidase 3

Birds

Neuraminidase 1

Neuraminidase 2

Neuraminidase 3

Neuraminidase 4

Birds

Neuraminidase 1

Neuraminidase 2

Neuraminidase 3

Neuraminidase 4

Neuraminidase 5

Birds

Neuraminidase 1

Neuraminidase 2

Neuraminidase 3

Neuraminidase 4

Neuraminidase 5

Neuraminidase 6

Birds

Neuraminidase 1

Neuraminidase 2

Neuraminidase 3

Neuraminidase 4

Neuraminidase 5

Neuraminidase 6

Neuraminidase 7

So the bird is the host to most of Influenza A virus

Humans are also a key factor to the virus by being the predominant host to…………

Haemagglutinin 1

Haemagglutinin 1

Haemagglutinin 2

Haemagglutinin 1

Haemagglutinin 2

Haemagglutinin 3

Haemagglutinin 1

Haemagglutinin 2

Haemagglutinin 3

Haemagglutinin 5

Haemagglutinin 1

Haemagglutinin 2

Haemagglutinin 3Haemagglutinin 5

Haemagglutinin 7

Haemagglutinin 1

Haemagglutinin 2

Haemagglutinin 3

Haemagglutinin 5

Haemagglutinin 7

Haemagglutinin 9

And………

Neuraminidase 1

Neuraminidase 1

Neuraminidase 2

• Haemagglutinin and Neuraminidase are glycoprotein's of the virus.

• The virus subtypes depends on the nature of these glycoproteins on the virus’ surface.

• There are 15 different types of Haemagglutinin and 9 different types of Neuraminidase.

Now we are going to tell you the story of ….

Deadly disease strikes farm

This is Devin the pig.

I live here in my mud puddle, here at

Millsberry farm.

This is Chirpy the bird.

I live in this tree just opposite Millsberry farm.

This is Jeffery the horse

I live in my luscious green paddock at Millsberry farm.

This is Bill the farmer

I live in my little English style cottage

on Millsberry farm

Awwww I feel so sick.

I’m not feeling very well either. I think I’ve got influenza.

It seems like you have the Influenza C. But don’t panic, it is not

anything serious. Just stay in bed for a few

days and you should feel better.

Even though I’m still sick, I need to feed

the animals.

Maybe if I go for a fly over the farm I might feel better.

I feel so much better today.

I know longer feel sick. I must be

back to normal.

But on the other hand Devin was feeling awful. He had caught the virus. Jeffery was okay because he was naturally immune to the virus.

I feel really sick. I have

caught Chirpy’s virus and

Farmer Bill’s virus.

Farmer Bill cared for Devin all night long.

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now!

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now!

I feel so

sick…..

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now!

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now!

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now!

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now!

Click in random order!

The term Influenza, was derived from the Italian word ‘influentia’

in mid 1300s

It was believed that you caught the disease from astrological influences.

It is 1718 and an Influenza

pandemic has occurred

It is very bad as you can see..

It has been called the Spanish Flu

and H1N1 is responsible.

We have been trying to do absolutely

everything, but it is very difficult.

The reason why I’m not sick is because I

have immunity to the disease, so I

won’t catch it for a long time.

24 million people have died already in

the Western.

Spanish Flu and Bubonic Plague

have decreased the world’s population

the most.

Hopefully, isolating these people will over come this terrible event.

Click in random order!

From that pandemic, others have occurred as well due to Influenza A virus.

In 1957, it was the Asian flu or H2N2…..Then in 1968 the influenza pandemic aka The Hong Kong flu or H3N2 occurred.

In 1975, the H1N1 disease started to circulate again, but was not as deadly as the first time but did not kill old people as they had immunity to it.

Since then, doctors and scientist have been researching for many years.

From our research, we are able to tell

you….

Influenza is a very powerful disease. The

disease is spread simply by coming in

contact with someone with the disease.

Your immune system causes you to feel sick. Without the

immune system you will die of the disease. The virus is very, very small. It is not a living

being.

The influenza disease that is most worried about at the moment

is H5N1, aka the avian flu.

80% of the people whom have been infected with the avian flu have died. The flu works differently in different people.

The glycoprotein's of the virus are Haemagglutinin (HA) and Neuraminidase (NA). HA is responsible for infectious entry of virus into cells. HA is rod shaped. NA is mushroom shape.

Influenza A is responsible for all pandemic and epidemic

outbreaks.

Influenza B can also also causes human disease of influenza. Influenza C has little clinical

importance. There are quite a lot of different types of influenza. There are approximately 20

different categories of influenza.

Each year (for an example) the H1N1 disease will change by little bits which are known as drifts. But when the H1N1 disease changes completely to something like H2N2, it is

called a shift.

How the disease mutates each year

Human flu

Avian flu

How the disease mutates each year

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now!

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People at high riskPregnant people

Children under 2 yearsAdults 65 years and older

People with chronic disease and

Immunocompromised people

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now!

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now!

So we have a sustainable futureWe have to recognise that influenza viruses are responsible for seasonal

epidemics/pandemicsWe are 10 years overdue for our next

pandemicBut it can come at anytime due to our

low immunity

If you have….

Fever (>37.8 degrees) and/or feverish

PLUSTwo of

Cough, sore throat, nasal symptoms, Myalgia, headache or Malaise

GO TO THE DOCTOR A.S.A.Pwho could prescribe you…

Click

now!

Relenza

Designed to plug the hole in Neuraminidase which would stop the virus

Puffer which delivers straight to the lungs

$50 each and hard to manufacture

Stops spread but doesn’t cure it

Have it once a week

It would take two weeks for you immune to response

Or Tammy flu/vaccinationTammy flu is like

Relenza, just in tablet form

The vaccine may look big and painful, but it is

better than ending up…….

Hmmm…. I wish I got that vaccination. I surely

paid for it! Get yours when you can get it!

So lets have a sustainable future by following the

previous steps……because Influenza A virus as well as

the other types can be

DEADLY

Click both

sounds now!

Thankyou• Professor Robin Anders

• Dr Andy Coley

Without the interviews with these generous academics, it would have been difficult to understand our topic.

Bibliography• Book - Influenza

Wilschut and McElhaney

• Wikipedia

Hope you enjoyed the movie!

Project

By

Courtney Remington

Simone Karafilis

Joel Galea

Max Rowlands

Ollie Xue

Tom

YR 9 – IVANHOE GRAMMAR SCHOOL, LA TROBE