earth battery patents

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Earth Battery Patents

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Earth Batteries

A simple homemade cell is the earth battery. Almost any liquid or moist objectthat has enough ions to be electrically conductive can serve as the electrolyte fora cell. As a novelty or science demonstration, it is possible to insert twoelectrodes into a lemon, potato, glass of soft drink, etc. and generate smallamounts of electricity. As of 2005, "two-potato clocks" are widely available in hobby and toy stores; they consist ofa pair of cells, each consisting of a potato (lemon, etc.) with two electrodesinserted into it, wired in series to form a battery with enough voltage to power adigital clock. Homemade cells of this kind are of no real practical use, becausethey produce far less current—and cost far more per unit of energy generated—than commercial cells, due to the need for frequent replacement of the fruit orvegetable.

It consist of conductive plates from different locations in the electropotentialseries, buried in the ground so that the soil acts as the electrolyte in a voltaiccell. As such, the device acts as a rechargeable battery. Operating only aselectrolytic devices, the devices were not continuously reliable owing to droughtcondition. These devices were used by early experimenters as energy sources fortelegraphy. However, in the process of installing long telegraph wires, engineersdiscovered that there were electrical potential differences between most pairs oftelegraph stations, resulting from natural electrical currents (called telluriccurrents) flowing through the ground. Some early experimenters did recognise

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that these currents were, in fact, partly responsible for extending the earthbatteries' high outputs and long lifetimes. Later, experimenters would utilizethese currents alone and, in these systems, the plates became polarized.

It had been long known that continuous electric currents flowed through thesolid and liquid portions of the Earth and the collection of current from anelectrically conductive medium in the absence of electrochemical changes (andin the absence of a thermoelectric junction) was established by Lord Kelvin.Lord Kelvin's "sea battery" was not a chemical battery. Lord Kelvin observedthat such variables as placement of the electrodes in the magnetic field and thedirection of mediums's flow affected the current output of his device. Suchvariables do not affect battery operation. These metal plates were immersed in aflowing medium and created a magneto-hydrodynamic generator. In the variousexperiments, metal plates were symmetrically perpendicular to the direction ofthe medium's flow and were carefully placed with respect to a magnetic fieldwhich differentially deflected electrons from the flowing stream. The electrodescan be assymmetrically oriented with respect to the source of energy, though.

To obtain the natural electricity, experimenters would thrust two metal platesinto the ground at a certain distance from each other in the direction of amagnetic meridian, or astronomical meridian. The stronger currents flow fromsouth to north. This phenomenon possesses a considerable uniformity of currentstrength and voltage. As the Earth currents flow from south to north, electrodesare positioned, beginning in the south and ending in the north, to increase thevoltage at as large a distance as possible. In many early implementations, thecost was prohibitive because of an overreliance on extreme spacing betweenelectrodes.

It has been found that all the common metals behave relatively similarly. Thetwo spaced electrodes, having a load in an external circuit connected betweenthem, are disposed in an electrical medium, and energy is imparted to themedium in such manner that "free electrons" in the medium are excited. The freeelectrons then flow into one electrode to a greater degree than in the otherelectrode, thereby causing electric current to flow in the external circuit throughthe load. The current flows from that plate whose position in the electropotentialseries is near the negative end (such as palladium). The current produced ishighest when the two metals are most widely separated from each other in theelectropotential series and that the material nearer the positive end is to thenorth, while that at the negative end is towards the south. The plates, one copperand another iron or carbon, are connected above ground by means of a wire withas little resistance as possible. In such an arrangement, the electrodes are notappreciably chemically corroded, even when they are in earth saturated withwater, and are connected together by a wire for a long time.

It had been found that to strengthen the current, it was most advantageous todrive the northerly electropositive electrode deeper into the medium than thesoutherly electrode. The greatest currents and voltages were obtained when thedifference in depth was such that a line joining the two electrodes was in thedirection of the magnetic dip, or magnetic inclination. When the previousmethods were combined, the current was tapped and utilized in any well-knownmanner. In some cases, a pair of plates with differing electrical properties, andwith suitable protective coatings, were buried below the ground. A protective orother coating covered each entire plate. A copper plate could be coated withpowered coke, a processed carbonaceous material. To a zinc plate, a layer offelt could be applied. To use the natural electricity, earth batteries fedelectromagnets, the load, that were part of a motor mechanism.

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W.P. Piggott http://v3.espacenet.com/textdoc?DB=EPODOC&IDX=US50314&F=0

USP # 155,209 Earth Batteries for Generating Electricity W.D. Snow http://v3.espacenet.com/origdoc?DB=EPODOC&IDX=US155209&F=0&QPN=US155209

USP # 160,152 Earth Battery J.C. Bryan http://v3.espacenet.com/origdoc?DB=EPODOC&IDX=US160152&F=0&QPN=US160152

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USP # 182,802 Electric Piles J. Cerpaux http://v3.espacenet.com/origdoc?DB=EPODOC&IDX=US182802&F=0&QPN=US182802

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USP # 211,322 Earth-Battery for Electric Clocks D. Drawbaugh http://v3.espacenet.com/textdoc?DB=EPODOC&IDX=US211322&F=0

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USP # 329,724 Electric Earth Battery G.F. Dieckmann http://v3.espacenet.com/textdoc?DB=EPODOC&IDX=US329724&F=0

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USP # 495,582 Ground Generator of Electricity M. Emme http://v3.espacenet.com/origdoc?DB=EPODOC&IDX=US495582&F=0&QPN=US495582

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USP # 600,457 Electrical Battery Nathan Stubblefield http://v3.espacenet.com/textdoc?DB=EPODOC&IDX=US600457&F=0

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USP # 690,151 Method of Utilizing Electrical Earth Currents Emil Jahr http://v3.espacenet.com/origdoc?DB=EPODOC&IDX=US690151&F=0&QPN=US690151

USP # 728,381 Storage Battery M. Emme http://v3.espacenet.com/origdoc?DB=EPODOC&IDX=US728381&F=0&QPN=US728381

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Process for Producing Electrical Energy from Geological LiquidHydrocarbon Formation L.W. Jones http://v3.espacenet.com/origdoc?DB=EPODOC&IDX=US728381&F=0&QPN=US728381

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USP 4153757 Method & Apparatus for Generating Electricity William Clark http://v3.espacenet.com/textdoc?DB=EPODOC&IDX=US4153757&F=0

To spaced electrodes having a load in an external circuit connected betweenthem are disposed in an electrically conductive liquid, ad energis imparted to theliquid in such manner that energized free electrons in the liquid excite freeelectrons which flow into one electrode to a greater degree than in the otherdirection, thereby causing electric current to flow in the external circuit throughthe load.

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USP # 4457988 Earth Battery John Ryeczek http://v3.espacenet.com/origdoc?DB=EPODOC&IDX=US4457988&F=0&QPN=US4457988

Abstract --- An earth battery which includes a first electrode which is a veinedmaterial located in the earth, a second electrode electrically connected to thesurface of the earth and disposed in a hole which extends from the surface of theearth into the first electrode, an electrolyte disposed in the hole and in contactwith the first and second electrodes, and means for electrically connecting thefirst electrode to the surface of the earth. A seam of coal is preferred as the firstelectrode. A method of mining metals located in the earth using the earth batteryand a method of drilling holes in the earth are also disclosed.

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GB 1905-7006 Improvements Relating to the Generation of Electricity by Means of EarthCoils Emil Jahr http://v3.espacenet.com/origdoc?DB=EPODOC&IDX=GB190507006&F=0&QPN=GB190507006

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