electromagnetic spectrum

Electromagnetic Spectrum

Created by Dr. A. Davila

http://id.mind.net/~zona/mstm/physics/waves/partsOfAWave/waveParts.htm#frequency

In the above diagram the white line represents the position of the medium when no wave is present.

http://id.mind.net/~zona/mstm/physics/waves/partsOfAWave/waveParts.htm#frequency

http://id.mind.net/~zona/mstm/physics/waves/partsOfAWave/waveParts.htm#frequency

http://id.mind.net/~zona/mstm/physics/waves/partsOfAWave/waveParts.htm#frequency

tall building

Wave Length 10 = _________________

10 = _________________

RADIO

a human

Wave Length 10 = _________________

MICROWAVE

as long as

or as long as

a bug

as long as

Wave Length 10 = _________________

as long as

INFRARED

a pinhead

Wave Length 10 = _________________

as long as

VISIBLE SPECTRUM

Wave Length 10 = _________________

as long as

ULTRAVIOLET

protozoans

molecules

Wave Length 10 = _________________

as long as

X-RAY

atoms

Wave Length 10 = _________________

as long as

atomic nucleiGAMMA

frequency 10 = _________________

to 10 = _________________

frequency 10 = _________________

to 10 = _________________

frequency 10 = _________________

to 10 = _________________

frequency 10 = _________________

to 10 = _________________

frequency 10 = _________________

to 10 = _________________

frequency 10 = _________________

to 10 = _________________

frequency 10 = _________________

to 10 = _________________

M&A Dávila

Radio WavesAre produced by feeding an electric signal to the

mast or antenna of a transmitter.

Radio Waves

• Radio waves have the longest wavelengths in the electromagnetic spectrum.

• These waves can be longer than a football field or as short as a football.

Radio Waves

• Radio waves have the longest wavelengths in the electromagnetic spectrum.

• These waves can be longer than a football field or as short as a football.

Radio Waves The signal

makes the electrons in the metal atoms of the mast or antenna change energy levels and emit light rays.

RAY’S TV reception uses radio_ waves

The SATELITE_ at Ray’s TV – receives movies via radio waves from a satellite

TAXI_ - Car radio receives radio wave signals

TAXI_ - Driver receives instructions on a CB radio which uses radio waves.

RADIO TOWER - broadcast’s radio signals

LARGE SATELITE _ dish in field – receives radio waves from distant stars

tall building

Wave Length 10 = _________________

10 = _________________

RADIO

a human

as long as

or as long as

frequency 10 = _________________

to 10 = _________________

5

0

3

8

tall building

Wave Length 10 = _________________

10 = _________________

RADIO

a human

as long as

or as long as

frequency 10 = _________________

to 10 = _________________

5

0

100,000 m

1 m

3

8

tall building

Wave Length 10 = _________________

10 = _________________

RADIO

a human

as long as

or as long as

frequency 10 = _________________

to 10 = _________________

5

0

100,000 m

1 m

3

8

1000 m

100000000 m

Microwaves• Microwaves have

wavelengths that can be measured in centimeters

• The longer microwaves, those closer to a foot in length, are the waves which heat our food in a microwave oven

Images from: http://science.hq.nasa.gov/kids/imagers/ems/gamma.html

Microwaves• Microwaves are

good for transmitting information from one place to another because microwave energy can penetrate haze, light rain and snow, clouds, and smoke.

Images from: http://science.hq.nasa.gov/kids/imagers/ems/gamma.html

Microwaves• Shorter microwaves

are used for radar like the doppler radar used in weather forecasts. Microwaves, used for radar, are just a few inches long.

Images from: http://science.hq.nasa.gov/kids/imagers/ems/gamma.html

MICROWAVESin Wavesgrill – uses microwave to cook food.

Antennas on tower they send microwave communications

Wave Length 10 = _________________

MICROWAVE

a bug

as long as

frequency 10 = _________________

to 10 = _________________

-2

9

8

Wave Length 10 = _________________

MICROWAVE

a bug

as long as

frequency 10 = _________________

to 10 = _________________

-2 0.01 m

9

8

1000000000 m

100000000 m

Infrared Waves• The longer, far

infrared wavelengths are about the size of a pin head and the shorter, near infrared ones are the size of cells, or are microscopic.

Images from: http://science.hq.nasa.gov/kids/imagers/ems/gamma.html

Infrared Waves• The heat that we

feel from sunlight, a fire, a radiator or a warm sidewalk is infrared.

• Shorter wavelengths are the ones used by your TV's remote control.

Images from: http://science.hq.nasa.gov/kids/imagers/ems/gamma.html

Infrared Waves• Satellites like GOES

6 and Landsat 7 look at the Earth. Special sensors, like those aboard the Landsat 7 satellite, record data about the amount of infrared light reflected or emitted from the Earth's surface.

Images from: http://science.hq.nasa.gov/kids/imagers/ems/gamma.html

Infrared lights above food in Wavesgrill – use infrared waves to keep food hot

Infrared remotes - Remote controls use infrared waves to communicate with the TV

Trees, brashes, crops, and short vegetation reflects short infrared waves

Astronomers study thermal infrared (long infrared waves) from stars

Wave Length 10 = _________________

as long as

INFRARED

a pinhead

frequency 10 = _________________

to 10 = _________________

-3

11

12

Wave Length 10 = _________________

as long as

INFRARED

a pinhead

frequency 10 = _________________

to 10 = _________________

-3 0.001 m

11

12

100000000000 m

1000000000000 m

Visible Spectrum• Cones in our eyes

are receivers for these tiny visible light waves.

• The Sun is a natural source for visible light waves and our eyes see the reflection of this sunlight off the objects around us.

Images from: http://science.hq.nasa.gov/kids/imagers/ems/gamma.html

Visible Spectrum• The color of an

object that we see is the color of light reflected. All other colors are absorbed.

• Light bulbs are another source of visible light waves.

Images from: http://science.hq.nasa.gov/kids/imagers/ems/gamma.html

VISIBLE LIGHT

Water droplets cause white light to break apart into seven colors (Visible Light).

Portrait photographers use film sensitive to visible light

Astronomers look at visible light from planets and stars

Wave Length 10 = _________________

as long as

VISIBLE SPECTRUM

protozoans

frequency 10 = _________________

to 10 = _________________

-6

14

15

Wave Length 10 = _________________

as long as

VISIBLE SPECTRUM

protozoans

frequency 10 = _________________

to 10 = _________________

-6 0.000001 m

14

15

100000000000000 m

1000000000000000 m

Ultraviolet Waves• Astronomers have

to put ultraviolet telescopes on satellites to measure the ultraviolet light from stars and galaxies - and even closer things like the Sun

Images from: http://science.hq.nasa.gov/kids/imagers/ems/gamma.html

A tanning booth uses ultraviolet waves to tan our skin

ultraviolet waves - sunglasses protect our eyes from the ultraviolet waves

Sunblocks - protects our skin from ultraviolet waves

ultraviolet waves astronomers see some ultraviolet radiation from planets and stars

Wave Length 10 = _________________

as long as

ULTRAVIOLETmolecules

frequency 10 = _________________

to 10 = _________________

-8

15

17

Wave Length 10 = _________________

as long as

ULTRAVIOLETmolecules

frequency 10 = _________________

to 10 = _________________

-8 0.00000001 m

15

17

1000000000000000 m

100000000000000000 m

X-Rays• X-ray light tends to act

more like a particle than a wave. X-ray detectors collect actual photons of X-ray light.

• The Earth's atmosphere is thick enough that virtually no X-rays are able to penetrate from outer space all the way to the Earth's surface.

Images from: http://science.hq.nasa.gov/kids/imagers/ems/gamma.html

X-Rays• X-ray telescopes and

detectors are placed on satellites. We cannot do X-ray astronomy from the ground can not be done from Earth

• comets emit X-rays

• The Sun also emits X-rays

• Many things in deep space give off X-rays

Images from: http://science.hq.nasa.gov/kids/imagers/ems/gamma.html

Wave Length 10 = _________________

as long as

X-RAY

atoms

frequency 10 = _________________

to 10 = _________________

-10

17

19

Wave Length 10 = _________________

as long as

X-RAY

atoms

frequency 10 = _________________

to 10 = _________________

-10 0.0000000001 m

17

19

10000000000000000 m

10000000000000000000 m

At EMS, Dr. Bob uses X-ray detectors collect actual photons of X-ray light in his Clinic.

Nuclear Medicine is used to treat cancer. Gamma radiation kills sick cells.

Gamma Rays• Gamma-rays are

generated by radioactive atoms and in nuclear explosions

• They can kill living cells, a fact which medicine uses to its advantage, using gamma-rays to kill cancerous cells.

http://science.hq.nasa.gov/kids/imagers/ems/gamma.html

Gamma Rays• .Gamma-rays travel to us across vast distances of the

universe,

• Instruments aboard high-altitude balloons and satellites like the Compton Observatory provide our only view of the gamma-ray sky

Wave Length 10 = _________________

as long as

atomic nucleiGAMMA

frequency 10 = _________________

to 10 = _________________

-12

19

23

Wave Length 10 = _________________

as long as

atomic nucleiGAMMA

frequency 10 = _________________

to 10 = _________________

-12 0.000000000001 m

19

23

1000000000000000000 m

100000000000000000000000 m