electromagnetic wave and weapons

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Outline

1.) Introduction2.) Electromagnetic wave3.) Effect of electromagnetic wave4.) Lightning5.) EMI6.) E-bomb7.) FCG8.) Active denial system9.) HAARP project

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IntroductionElectromagnetic warfare is a newly growingglobal concern, which threatens all thedeveloped countries.

It affects only electrical & electronics componentand networks.

i.e. mobile, laptop , power grid , substations

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Electromagnetic Waves

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Properties of EM waves

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• It travels with the speed of light.

• Electromagnetic waves are producedwhenever charged particles are accelerated,and these waves can subsequently interactwith any charged particles.

• Electromagnetic wavecarry energy, momentum and angularmomentum away from their source particleand can impart those quantitiesto matter with which they interact.

• EM waves are massless, but they are stillaffected by gravity.

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Applications

• Communication

• Heating

• Cooling

• Medical

• Neuclear physics

• Defence

EM waves are basically used in following ares-

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Cooling?

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Laser cooling

Laser cooling refers to a number of techniquesin which atomic and molecular samples arecooled down to near absolute zero through theinteraction with one or more laser fields.

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Lightning

• Lightning may also be regarded as a transient ,high current electric discharge.

• It is a major natural source of Electromagneticradiation that interferes with modernelectronics.

• The current generated by these are in range of10kA to 200 kA.

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Process of thundering

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DomesticPower line

Protection

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Electromagnetic Interference

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• EMI is the degradation in the performance of adevice due to fields making up the Electromagneticenvironment.

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Withstanding capability of electronic components toan EM wave is called ELECTROMAGNETICCOMPATIBILITY.

Electronic components are made compatible with following techniques-

1.)shielding

2.)Grounding

3.)Filtering

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Protection from EMI

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It is a Future weapon i.e. more suitable weaponsthan conventional weapon to achieve shockeffect over large target sets with small attackingforces.

The objective is to paralyze the enemy’scommunication systems as quickly as possible.

It is of two types-

1.)Neuclear emp weapon

2.)non-neuclear emp weapon

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E-bomb Technology Base:

• Power source - Explosively pumped Flux Compression Generator (FCG).

• FCG invented by Los Alamos Labs during the 1950s.

• FCG can produce tens of Mega Joules in tens to hundreds of microseconds.

• Peak current of an FCG is 1000 X that of a typical lightning stroke.

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Flux Compression Generator

It is a device which is used for high power EMP generation by compressing the magnetic flux using high explosive.it is one time usable device.

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Principle of Operation

Magneto-explosive generators use a techniquecalled "magnetic flux compression".

It works on Maxwell’s 3rd

principle which says thatmagnetic flux is conservative.

∫B.ds = φ

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Hollow tube generator

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Helical Generator

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Disc Generator

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Damage Mechanisms:

• Low frequency pulses produced by FCG create high voltage spikes on fixed wiring infrastructure.

• Microwave radiation from HPM devices can couple directly through ventilation grilles, gaps between panels, poor interface shielding - producing a spatial standing wave inside the equipment cavity.

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Maximising Bomb Lethality:

Lethality is maximized by maximizing the power coupled into the target set.

• Maximize peak power and duration of warhead emission (using powerful FCG).

• Maximize coupling efficiency into target set.

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Defenses Against E-bombs:

• Destroy the delivery vehicle or launch platform

• Electromagnetically harden important assets

• Hide important assets

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Vulnerability Reduction (Hardening):

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Active denial system is a non-lethal directed energyweapon developed by U.S. military designed forarea denial, perimeter secuirty and crowd control.

The ADS works by firing a high-powered beam of95 GHz waves at a target, which corresponds toa wavelength of 3.2 mm.

The ADS millimeter wave energy works on a similarprinciple as a microwave oven, exciting the waterand fat molecules in the skin, and instantly heatingthem via dielectric heating.

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One significant difference is that a microwave ovenuses the much lower frequency (and longerwavelength) of 2.45 GHz. The short millimeterwaves used in ADS only penetrate the top layers ofskin, with most of the energy being absorbed within0.4 mm (1/64"),whereas microwaves will penetrateinto human tissue about 17mm (0.67").

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Precaution

Reflective materials such as aluminium cookingfoil should reflect this radiation and could beused to make clothing that would be protectiveagainst this radiation.

it was applied in afganistan by NATO but notfully operational.

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HAARP project

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HAARP

Funded by

us navy

us air force

Purpose is to

Analyse the ionosphere & developing new

communication technologies

High Frequency Active Auroral Research Program

Can be used forweather changing of alocal area.

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BASIC DEVICES USED

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starfish Prime was a high-altitude(250 km) nuclear test conducted by the United States on July9, 1962, a joint effort of the Atomic EnergyCommission (AEC) and the Defense Atomic SupportAgency.

A Thor rocket carrying a W49 thermonuclearwarhead and a Mk. 2 reentry vehicle was launchedfrom Johnston Island in the Pacific Ocean.

It produced a yield equivalent to1.4 megatonnes of TNT

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Due to this atmospheric test the 5 american and2 russian sattelites had been damaged within

One month of the testing date while it was ofless powered than now.

Due to this now no open air test are allowed tobe conducted.

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Effect of EMP Weapons

EMP weapon

No Casualities,No structural loss

OnlyEconomical loss 50

EFFECTS

At high power and frequency it can causegenetic changes in body.

It can cause cancer.

It damages all the electronic components.

It can create disasters like wind storm ,lightining.

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Neuclear war vs E-war

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Effect on U.S.A.

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Strategic importance

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Conclusion

By the previous discussion we can say thatelectromagnetic waves are a gift from god to us,

It depend upon us how to use it…..

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REFERENCES1. Jay J. Ely - NASA langley research centre

2. Paul Thomas – Royal Air Force

3. DRDO – laser department

4. Carlo Corp- monash university , Australia

5. Wikipedia.org

6. Threat assesment of EMP- american congress

7. EMP Commision assesment report

8. Mathew N.O. Sadiku- principles of EM

9. Kraus/Fleisch- EM with application

10. NATO- active denial system report 56

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