elements and principles of design
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Elements and Principles of Design
• Elements are the building blocks of art making.
• Principles are the way in which the elements can be arranged.
Line• Line – A continuous mark.
– Contour Line - are the outline edges of forms or shapes and actually describe shapes and forms in the simplest way.
– Gesture Lines - indicate action and physical movement
– Implied Lines— what would show if the object were silhouetted against the light.
– Hatching - the placing of many lines next to each other
– Cross Hatching -occur when many parallel lines cross each other.
Design Lens: L I N E
Love LetterMeg HillVenus
Aubrey Beardsley
Dove of PeacePablo Picasso
Contour…Diagonal… Broken…Curved…Outline…Implied…Vertical…Dotted…zigzag…
Horizontal…Wavy…Slanted…
Continuous…Solid…Narrow…
Bold…Robert NowakSnooze Piet Mondrian
New York City I
Colour– Primary Colors - These are colors that cannot be mixed to be achieved. Primary colors are RED, YELLOW, AND BLUE.
– Secondary Colors - These are colors that are made from mixing two primary colors. Secondary colors are OREEN, ORANGE AND VIOLET.
– Warm Colors - Warm colors advance or come forward RED, YELLOW, AND ORANGE are warm colors. On the color wheel warm color are yellow to red-violet.
– Cool Colors - Cool colors recede into the background or appear to go back in space. BLUE, GREEN, AND VIOLET are cool colors. On the color wheel cool colors are from yellow-green to violet. . .
– Complementary Colors - These are pairs of colors that are located opposite, on the color wheel.
Design Lens:
C LOR
The Lake, No. 1 Georgia O’Keeffe
Who’s Afraid of Red, Yellow, and BlueBarnett Newman
Dark Side of the Moon Album CoverPink Floyd
Study for Homage to the SquareJoseph Albers
Analogous
Color Theory
Monochromatic
Complementary
Tertiary
Secondary
Jerry UelsmannUntitled 1982
KandinskySoft Hard 1927
Henri MatissePaper Cut Out
S H A P EAn enclosed
space defined and determined by other art
elements such as line, color,
value, and texture.
Design Lens:
Design Lens:
Shape
Geometric:
SquaresCircles
TrianglesRectangles
Ovals
Organic:
IrregularNatural
Free form
Tamara de LempickaPortrait of Ira P.
Tamara de LempickaYoung Girl with Gloves
Tamara de LempickaAuto-Portrait -Tamara in the
Green Bugati, 1925
Design Lens: Value or Intensity
An element of art that refers to luminance or luminosity – the lightness or darkness of a color. Value is an especially important element in works
of art when color is absent. This is particularly likely with drawings,
printmaking, and photographs.
M.C. EscherRelativity
Vincent van Gogh Shoes 1888
Katsushika HokusaiThe Great Wave Off Kanagawa
Design Lens: Value or Intensity
Value is considered to be the lightness or darkness of a
color. It takes at least three values (light, medium, and dark) for an object to take
shape.. .
Paul JacksonJewels of the Czar
Paul JacksonSpectral Hierarchy
Design Lens: TextureTexture is the quality of a surface, whether it is smooth, rough, dull or glossy. We arc able to observe texture visually, through sight and the sense of touch.
Physical/RealVisual/Simulated
Design Lens: Space
• Refers to the emptiness or area between, around, above, below, or within objects– Positive Space- the
shapes or forms of interest
– Negative Space- the empty space between the shapes or forms
Design Lens: Form• Form describes
volume and mass or the three dimensional aspects of an object.
• Where shape is 2D, form is 3D
• Forms should be viewed from many angles.
Design PrinciplesThe principles are ways to work with and arrange the elements.
EMPHASIS / FOCUS or
CENTER OF INTEREST
Charles DemuthThe Figure 5 in Gold, 1928
Barbara KrugerViolence
Rene MagritteThe Son of Man, 1964
HARMONY
Brings together complex, but visual
combinations that are pleasing,
making the elements harmonious.
Karin KuhlmannPolished Spiral
UNITY
Art elements that work together and do not
distract from the whole
Romero BrittoSamba
CONTRAST/OPPOSITION
Beatles Album 1Paul McCartney
Occurs with the use of contrasting visual concepts:
warm / cool, straight /curved, positive /
negative, etc.
VARIETYWhen elements are changed in scale, color, or form.
Andy WarholChe Guevara, 1962
Audrey Flack Crayola
Audrey FlackRich Art
Maggie TaylorThe Reader
BALANCE
The visual weight within the composition. based on color balance, element balance, or visual arrangement of space; may be symmetrical or
asymmetrical.
Bernard Stanley HoyesCactus Rose Mirage
Bernard Stanley HoyesBlessings
Diane ArbusTwins
Charles BellMajorette, 1993
REPETITION
Involves multiples of the same element. Repeated elements can vary in size, color, or axis placement. Repeated elements can create a pattern. The use of repetition may be applied to all Visual Elements. Motion can be created
by repetition.
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