engg as expt
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UNIT II ENGINEERING AS
SOCIALEXPERIMENTATION
UNIT II ENGINEERING AS
SOCIALEXPERIMENTATION
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Experimentation--------------- Engineering design
process
Experimentation--------------- Engineering design
process
First listen to
this account
of Titanicfrom your
book
Sir ,please read
for your
students
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New Engineering Concept
Preliminary design
simulation
Experimentation
OK?
More detailed design
Further tests
Prototype design
Finished product
OK
?
Noyes
No yes
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Features of an Engineering
Project Engineering Project Experiment
Carried out in partial ignorance
The final outcome of an engineering project
is generally uncertain
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Similarities to standard
experimentation
Any engineering project is carried out in
partial ignorance
Uncertainties in the abstract model for
design calculations. in the precise characteristics of the material
used.
In the nature of stresses the final product
may encounter
Lab testing /theoretical exploration bypassed
for the sake of moving ahead in a project
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The final outcome of an
engineering project isgenerally uncertain
Possible outcomesand risks evolve -
uncertain even in
benign project
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Effective
engineering
Effective
engineering
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Engineers learn not only from theirown design & operating results but
also from other engineers
Learning From the PastLearning From the Past
Lack of established channels ofcommunication, misplaced pride in notasking for information, embarrassment at failure and plain neglect
Lack of established channels ofcommunication, misplaced pride in notasking for information, embarrassment at failure and plain neglect
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It is not sufficient for
engineers to rely on
handbooks alone
Demands engineering
practitioners to remain alert
and well informed at every
stage of a projects history
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Experimental control
Contrasts with standard
experiments :
Contrasts with standard
experiments :
Standard experimentsStandard experimentsCarried out underCarried out under
Controlled environmentControlled environment
Experimental
subjects human
beings out ofexperimenters
Experimental
subjects human
beings out ofexperimenters
controlcontrol
In engineering
Work has to be
carried out based
on
Available data
Retrospectivedata
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knowledge
Voluntariness
Informed consent
Subjects participation informedconsentSubjects participation informedconsent
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All the information to decide uponAll the information to decide uponEnter into experiment without by force/deception
11
22
33
44
55
Normally
governed by
Normally
governed by
Informed consentInformed consent
(public/clients)(public/clients) (risks and benefits)(risks and benefits)
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Primary aim
concernabout the manner of
conducting experiment
Knowledge gainedKnowledge gained
Gaining of new knowledge
secondary aim(1) Valid consent of human subject is
sought
(2)Safety measures are taken.(3)Means must exist to terminate the
experiment at any point and toprovide safe exit for all participants
Gaining of new knowledge
secondary aim(1) Valid consent of human subject is
sought
(2)Safety measures are taken.(3)Means must exist to terminate the
experiment at any point and toprovide safe exit for all participants
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To protect safety of human subjects and
respect their right of consent.A constant awareness of the experimental
nature of the project, imaginative forecasting of
Its possible side effects and a reasonable effort
to monitor them.
A conscientious commitment to live by moral
values.
A comprehensive perspective.
Autonomy
Accountability
To display technical competence and other
attributes of professionalism
Engineers as
responsible
experimenters
Engineers as
responsible
experimenters
As social
experimentation
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Sensitivity to full range
of moral values
ConscientiousnessConscientiousness
Conscientiousness impliesconsciousness: open eyes , open earsand an open mind.
Skill & effort to reach balance betweenvalues and responsibilities
Conscientiousness impliesconsciousness: open eyes , open earsand an open mind.
Skill & effort to reach balance betweenvalues and responsibilities
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Engg social expt restores vision (guardian of
public interest)
ConscientiousnessConscientiousness
Safety and welfare should not be disregarded
In the quest for knowledge, rush for profits anda narrow adherence to rules
Safety and welfare should not be disregarded
In the quest for knowledge, rush for profits anda narrow adherence to rules
-ones professional duty-ones professional duty
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Conscientiousness is blind
Relevant informationRelevant information
-without relevant factualinformation
-without relevant factualinformation
To fully grasp context of ones work
commitment to obtain and assess all
available information to meet
Ones moral obligations.
To view the specialized activity in a
project as part of a larger whole having
a social impact-that may involve
unintended effects
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Moral attitudes criticalreflection
Moral autonomyMoral autonomy
As an employee under an employerCarrying out duties in companys
Interest no longer morally and
Personally identified with ones actions
As an employee under an employerCarrying out duties in companys
Interest no longer morally and
Personally identified with ones actions
Moral values must be integrated into the coreof ones personalityMoral values must be integrated into the coreof ones personality
Viewing engineering as
experimentation can help to
overcome this tendency and can
help restore a sense ofautonomous participation in
ones work
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Willingness to submit ones
action to moral scrutiny
AccountabilityAccountability
Open & responsive to the
assessment of others
submission to employers
authoritynarrowed
submission to employers
authoritynarrowed
createssense ofresponsibility
createssense ofresponsibility
Ready to abandon
personal accountability
under authority 4
reasons
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AccountabilityAccountability
Third , frequent pressure to move on to a new
project deprive engineers to observe current projectadequately .This promotes a sense of being
accountable only for meeting schedule.
Fourth ,preoccupation with legalities wards off one
to morally involve beyond institutional role.
First , In large scale projects an engineer contributes only afragment of work and the created product is far removed fromworkplace crating a distance that lead to a lessened sense ofpersonal accountability.S
econd , bureaucracies tend to diffuse and delimitAreas of personal accountability within the hierarchies
of authority
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