er - 1 nwacc business & industry workforce development institute welcome occupational ergonomics...
Post on 30-Dec-2015
214 Views
Preview:
TRANSCRIPT
ER - 1 NWACC Business & Industry Workforce Development Institute
WELCOME
OCCUPATIONAL ERGONOMICS
AN INTRODUCTORYCOURSE
ER - 2 NWACC Business & Industry Workforce Development Institute
BASIS FOR THIS COURSE
THOUSANDS OF WORKERS CAN BENEFIT FROM ERGONOMICS
DAILY EXPOSURE TO NUMEROUS ERGONOMIC STRESSORS
DAILY EXPOSURE TO NUMEROUS PHYSICAL HAZARDS
EFFICIENCY CAN BE GREATLY IMPROVED
OSHA SAFETY STANDARDS REQUIRE:
Establishment of a “safety” program Training be conducted Ergonomic stressors be assessed Hazards and precautions be explained
ER - 3 NWACC Business & Industry Workforce Development Institute
ERGONOMICS DEFINED
The study of man’s relationship with his or her workplace.
Fitting the task to the person rather than forcing him/her to adapt to the work environment.
Designing the workplace to prevent occupational injury and illness.
VARIOUS AUTHORS DEFINE ERGONOMICS AS:
ER - 4 NWACC Business & Industry Workforce Development Institute
ERGONOMICS DEFINED
Discovering the capabilities and limitations of the human body.
The art and science that addresses workers’ job performance and well-being in relation to their job tasks, tools, equipment and environment.
The study of the relationship between people and machines or between employees and their environment.
VARIOUS AUTHORS DEFINE ERGONOMICS AS:
(Continued)
ER - 5 NWACC Business & Industry Workforce Development Institute
ERGONOMICS DEFINED
The study of the interaction between the worker and the process at the workplace.
VARIOUS AUTHORS DEFINE ERGONOMICS AS:
(Continued)
WHAT OTHER DEFINITIONS HAVE YOU HEARD?
ER - 6 NWACC Business & Industry Workforce Development Institute
ERGONOMICS IS IMPORTANT
Improve quality. Improve absenteeism. Maintain a healthier work force. Reduce injury and illness rates. Acceptance of high-turnover jobs. Workers feel good about their work. Reduce workers’ compensation costs. Elevate OSHA compliance to a higher level of awareness.
ERGONOMICS PLAYS A ROLE IN APPROXIMATELY 50% OF ALL WORKPLACE INJURIES. ERGONOMICS WILL HELP:
SAFETYSTATISTICS
ER - 7 NWACC Business & Industry Workforce Development Institute
ERGONOMICS A MULTI-DISCIPLINARY APPROACH
THINK ABOUT THE NUMBER OF WAYS ERGONOMICS
IMPACTS OUR DAILY LIFE!
ER - 8 NWACC Business & Industry Workforce Development Institute
TYPICAL APPLICATIONS
WORK STATION DESIGN TOOL SELECTION AND DESIGN OFFICE SAFETY IMPROVEMENT VIDEO DISPLAY TERMINALS (VDT’S) SAFETY BACK INJURY REDUCTION AND PREVENTION MANUAL MATERIAL HANDLING IMPROVEMENT CUMULATIVE TRAUMA DISORDER (CTD) REDUCTION
APPLICATIONS
ER - 9 NWACC Business & Industry Workforce Development Institute
KEY PROGRAM ELEMENTS(Continued)
MEDICAL MANAGEMENT
Follow-up Recordkeeping Symptom surveys Health surveillance Classify job demands Disability management Establish treatment protocols Periodic reviews with physicians Early symptoms reporting mechanism Health care providers must be part of the program
ER - 10 NWACC Business & Industry Workforce Development Institute
KEY PROGRAM ELEMENTS(Continued)
ERGONOMICS WORKING GROUP
WRITTEN PROGRAM EMPLOYEE INVOLVEMENT TOP MANAGEMENT COMMITMENT REGULAR PROGRAM ACTIVITY, REVIEW AND EVALUATION
ER - 11 NWACC Business & Industry Workforce Development Institute
KEY PROGRAM ELEMENTS(Continued)
HAZARD PREVENTION AND CONTROL
PPE REDUCTION ENGINEERING CONTROLS ADMINISTRATIVE CONTROLS OPTIMIZATION OF WORK PRACTICES
DANGER
EYE PROTECTIONREQUIRED BEYOND
THIS POINT
ER - 12 NWACC Business & Industry Workforce Development Institute
INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE AND ERGONOMIC CONTROLS
ENGINEERING CONTROLS FIRST CHOICE
Work Station Design Tool Selection and Design Process Modification Mechanical Assist
ADMINISTRATIVE CONTROLS SECOND CHOICE
Training Programs Job Rotation/Enlargement Pacing Policy and Procedures
PERSONNEL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT LAST CHOICE
Gloves Wraps Shields Eye Protection Non-Slip Shoes Aprons
ER - 13 NWACC Business & Industry Workforce Development Institute
INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE AND ERGONOMIC CONTROLS
INAPPROPRIATE
OCCUPATIONAL RISK FACTORS:
Occupational risk factors are defined as any attribute of a job or task that we know increases the probability of injury or illness.
1. Force - Including- Internal or External
2. Posture - Such as - Extreme Twisting or Bending
3. Repetition - Including- Muscle Group Overexertion
4. Insufficient Rest - Including- Muscle Group Overexertion
ER - 14 NWACC Business & Industry Workforce Development Institute
WORKSITE ANALYSIS
WORKSITE ANALYSIS IS DIVIDED INTO FOUR MAIN PARTS:
1. Gathering information from available sources.
2. Conducting baseline screening surveys to determine which jobs need a closer analysis.
3. Performing ergonomic job hazard analyses of those work stations with identified risk factors.
4. After implementing control measures, conducting periodic surveys and follow-up to evaluate changes.
ER - 15 NWACC Business & Industry Workforce Development Institute
WORKSITE ANALYSISContinued
FRONT BACK
SYMPTOM SURVEY
1. NOTE AREAS OF PAIN OR DISCOMFORT!
2. WHAT DO YOU FEEL IS THE SOURCE?
3. WHAT ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGES WOULD HELP?
4. WHAT OTHER FEEDBACK CAN BE GATHERED?
ER - 16 NWACC Business & Industry Workforce Development Institute
INCIDENCE RATES
INCIDENCE RATES: incidence rates for upper extremity disorders and/or back injuries should be calculated by counting the incidences of CTDs and reporting the incidences per 100 full time workers per year per facility.
(NUMBER OF NEW CASES (200,000 WORK HRS*) PER FACILITY
NUMBER OF HOURS WORKED/FACILITY/YR
INCIDENCE RATE
* 200,000 = APPROXIMATE ANNUAL WORK HOURS FOR 100 WORKERS.* THE SAME METHOD SHOULD BE APPLIED TO DEPARTMENTS, PRODUCTION LINES, OR JOB TYPES WITHIN EACH FACILITY.
ER - 17 NWACC Business & Industry Workforce Development Institute
INCIDENCE RATES(Continued)
SAMPLE INCIDENCE RATE CALCULATION:
(NUMBER OF NEW CASES (200,000 WORK HRS*) PER FACILITY
NUMBER OF HOURS WORKED/FACILITY/YR
IF YOU EXPERIENCED 2 CARPAL TUNNEL CASES LAST YEAR, IN A POPULATION OF 100 EMPLOYEES. WHAT IS THE INCIDENCE RATE?
IR =2 X 200,000
100 X (50 X 40 hrs)
IR =400,000
200,000IR = 2 CASES OF CARPAL TUNNEL PER 100 PERSON-YEARS OF EXPOSURE
* 200,000 = APPROXIMATE ANNUAL WORK HOURS FOR 100 WORKERS.* THE SAME METHOD SHOULD BE APPLIED TO DEPARTMENTS, PRODUCTION LINES, OR JOB TYPES WITHIN EACH FACILITY.
ER - 18 NWACC Business & Industry Workforce Development Institute
ANTHROPOMETRY DEFINED
ANTHROPOMETRY:
The technology of measuring and quantifying various human physical traits such as size, weight, proportion, mobility and strength.
ER - 19 NWACC Business & Industry Workforce Development Institute
ANTHROPOMETRY DEFINED
ENGINEERING ANTHROPOMETRY:
The application of anthropometric data to equipment, workplace and job design to enhance the efficiency, safety and comfort of the operator.
ER - 20 NWACC Business & Industry Workforce Development Institute
ANTHROPOMETRIC DIMENSIONSInches
Dimension 5th 50th 95th 5th 50th 95th
MEN WOMEN
1. Stature 64.0 62.5 73.0 59.3 63.4 67.32. Eye ht. 59.6 64.2 68.7 55.3 59.3 63.4
3. Hip ht. 33.1 36.2 39.4 29.1 31.9 42.7
4. Elbow ht. 39.6 42.9 46.5 36.6 39.6 42.7
Physical
Abbreviated Table of Anthropometric Dimensions
ER - 21 NWACC Business & Industry Workforce Development Institute
ERGONOMIC RISK FACTORS
PERSONAL RISK FACTORS
1. Age2. Gender3. Attitude4. Training5. Strength6. Work method7. Anthropometry
ER - 22 NWACC Business & Industry Workforce Development Institute
ERGONOMIC RISK FACTORS
JOB RISK FACTORS
1. Weight of load2. Location/size of load
3. Frequency of the Task4. Duration and pace of cycle
5. Stability of load6. Coupling of load
7. Travel distances of worker8. Reach distances of worker
9. Symmetry between worker and the object held
Continued
ER - 23 NWACC Business & Industry Workforce Development Institute
ERGONOMIC RISK FACTORS
10. Static work posture a) Standing b) Sitting
11. Work platforms or stairs12. Torso flexion (bending)
a) Mild (up to 45 degrees) b) Severe (greater than 45 degrees)
13. Work heights (too high or too low)14. Floor surfaces (wet, smooth, vibration)
JOB RISK FACTORS
Continued
ER - 24 NWACC Business & Industry Workforce Development Institute
ERGONOMIC RISK FACTORS
15. Environmenta) Hot (sweat, reduced grip, fatigue)b) Cold (gloves reduce grip by as much as 30%)
16. Lighting a) posture problems (because of inability to see)17. Noise/vibration
a) Frequency very importantb) Can amplify through the body
JOB RISK FACTORS
Continued
ER - 25 NWACC Business & Industry Workforce Development Institute
ERGONOMIC RISK FACTORSContinued
WHAT ARE THE PRIMARY RISK
FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH
YOUR JOB?
ER - 26 NWACC Business & Industry Workforce Development Institute
JOB AND TASK ANALYSIS
UNIT LOADS:
DEFINED AS:The unit to be moved or handled at any one time.
THE CONTAINER, CARRIER, OR SUPPORT USEDTO MOVE MATERIALS MUST BE INCLUDED ASPART OF THE UNIT LOAD.
ER - 27 NWACC Business & Industry Workforce Development Institute
FACTORS AFFECTING UNIT LOADS
THE MATERIAL TO BE UTILIZED
THE QUANTITY OF MATERIAL TO BE HANDLED
THE SUSCEPTIBILITY OF THE MATERIAL TO DAMAGE
THE NUMBER OF TIMES THE UNIT LOAD IS HANDLED
THE RECEIVING, STORING, SHIPPING, AND HANDLING METHODS
THE ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS TO WHICH THE LOAD IS EXPOSED
JOB AND TASK ANALYSISContinued
ER - 28 NWACC Business & Industry Workforce Development Institute
JOB AND TASK ANALYSISContinued
DESIGNING THE UNIT LOAD
OPTIMIZE THE WEIGHT OF THE LOAD
REDUCE THE SIZE OF THE LOAD
INSURE STABILITY OF THE LOAD
OPTIMIZE LOAD COUPLING
- HAND TO LOAD- FOOT TO FLOOR
ER - 29 NWACC Business & Industry Workforce Development Institute
JOB AND TASK ANALYSISContinued
DEFINITION OF TERMS:
Fundamental Movements or acts
- Search - Inspect- Select - Assemble- Grasp - Disassemble- Reach - Delay (unavoidable)- Move - Delay (avoidable)- Hold - Plan- Position - Rest (overcome fatigue)
“ELEMENT”
ER - 30 NWACC Business & Industry Workforce Development Institute
JOB AND TASK ANALYSISContinued
“CYCLE” Example:
1. Assemble new box 2. Put bottles in box from conveyor 3. Stack boxes on pallet 4. Go to step 1
The time required to complete one sequence of tasks sub- tasks, or elements.
DEFINITION OF TERMS:
ER - 31 NWACC Business & Industry Workforce Development Institute
JOB AND TASK ANALYSISContinued
TASK ANALYSIS
IDENTIFY THE JOB TO STUDY
COLLECT THE DATA
EVALUATE THE DATA
FORMULATE CONTROL MEASURES
ER - 32 NWACC Business & Industry Workforce Development Institute
JOB AND TASK ANALYSISContinued
IDENTIFYING THE JOB TO STUDY
ACCIDENT INVESTIGATIONS
ACCIDENT STATISTICS
COMPLAINTS & OPERATOR FEEDBACK
PRODUCTION BOTTLENECKS, HIGH ERRORS
HIGH EMPLOYEE TURNOVER JOBS
ER - 33 NWACC Business & Industry Workforce Development Institute
COLLECTING THE DATA
DIRECT OBSERVATION
VIDEO TAPE
ACTION PHOTOGRAPHS
DOCUMENTARY ACCOUNTS
ACCIDENT STATISTICS
JOB AND TASK ANALYSISContinued
ER - 34 NWACC Business & Industry Workforce Development Institute
JOB AND TASK ANALYSISContinued
EVALUATING THE DATA
TASK DESCRIPTION
SUB-TASK DESCRIPTION
ELEMENT DESCRIPTION
RISK FACTOR/HAZARD IDENTIFICATION
ER - 35 NWACC Business & Industry Workforce Development Institute
JOB AND TASK ANALYSISContinued
FORMULATING CONTROL MEASURES
APPLICATION OF ERGONOMIC PRINCIPLES
CORRECTIVE ACTION FOR NON-COMPLIANCE
ELIMINATE OR REDUCE EXPOSURE
ER - 36 NWACC Business & Industry Workforce Development Institute
JOB AND TASK ANALYSISContinued
TASK ANALYSIS FORM
TASK DESCRIPTION - Action Being Performed LEFT HAND - Usage RIGHT HAND - Usage FREQUENCY - Usually per minute NOTES - Supporting information POSTURE - Acceptable to extreme FORCE - High, Medium, Low DURATION - Length of Stressor
top related