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Experience of the implementation of post-Fukushima measures at Ukrainian NPPs
Vienna
March 27-29, 2017
VIKTOR PROKHOROV
Nuclear Power of Ukraine Today
Energoatom – is the operator of 4 NPPs in
operation with total capacity of 13 835 MW
NNEGC “Energoatom” is generating more then half of electricenergy in Ukraine.
Now it is about 60%
National Nuclear Energy
Generating Company “Energoatom”
was established on
17-th October 1996
2
3
SE NNEGC “Energoatom”15 power units
VVER-440/213RNPP - №1, 2 VVER-1000/302
VVER-1000/338SU NPP - №1, 2
VVER-1000/320(11 power units)▪ ZNPP №1,2,3,4,5,6;▪ KhNPP №1, 2;▪ RNPP №3, 4;▪ SU NPP №3
PWR type. 2 circuits. Primary circuit:VVER-1000 – 4 loops (6 for VVER-440)
Reactor – water-cooled water-moderated power reactor
Steam generators – horizontal
Safety trains - 3
НАЦИОНАЛЬНАЯ АТОМНАЯ ЭНЕРГОГЕНЕРИРУЮЩАЯ КОМПАНИЯ
МИНИСТЕРСТВО ЭНЕРГЕТИКИ И УГОЛЬНОЙ ПРОМЫШЛЕННОСТИ УКРАИНЫ
Power units of Ukrainian NPPs
In 2011 the “stress-tests” were performed by the Energoatom
The “stress-tests” wereperformed in accordancewith the ENSREG methodology.
(13/05/2011, Declaration of ENSREG, Annex 1 «EU “Stress-test”specifications»).
In the framework of the “stress tests”Energoatom analyzed in detail external extreme natural events/combinations of events
Actions taken in Ukraine after the Fukushima
Accident
4
Earthquake
Fire
Flooding
Storm
Tornado
Temperature
Snow
Icing
Safe Design
Emergency Preparedness and Response System
Initiating Events
Methodology of “stress-test”
5
Analyzing external extreme natural events/
combinations of events
The initiating event
Loss of electrical power
Loss of ultimate heat sink
Severe accident
management
6
Sequence of events that occurred at Fukushima Daiichi NPP is practically impossible at Ukrainian NPP
No new safety issues were revealed, which were unknown before the stress tests.
Power units have safety margins for all extreme natural hazards and their combinations
Additional measures were recommended, now being implemented within the existing safety upgrade program
7
General Conclusions on Stress-tests
National Action Plan basedon the outcomes of “stress-tests”
Comprehensive(Integrated) Program of SafetyImprovement of Ukraine NPP PowerUnits as approved by the Cabinetof Ministers of Ukraine
Program of Works on Severe Accident Analysis
and SAMG Development, as endorsed by the
State Nuclear Regulatory Inspectorate of
Ukraine (SNRIU)
Background to perform the Post-Fukushima measures
8
COMPREHENSIVE (integrated) SAFETY UPGRADE PROGRAM FOR POWER UNITS OF NUCLEAR POWER PLANTS
9
▪ After the Fukushima accident, the CiSUPstatus was raised to the governmentallevel.
▪ The CiSUP is approved by the Ordinanceof the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine dd.07.12.2011 №1270
▪ Implementation period – 2011-2020
▪ Total cost ~ EUR 1.4 bln
(Internal Energoatom funds - about 800 mln EUR
and International EBRD/EA loans - 600 mln EUR)
Prevention of severe accidents
➢ emergency electrical power supply in case of SBO
➢ steam-generators make-up in case of SBO
➢ SFP make-up and cooling in case of SBO
➢ operability of service water consumers in case of dewatering of spray ponds / failure of service water system
➢ ensure seismic robustness 0.1 g PGA (0.12g –SUNPP, 0.15g -ZNPP)
➢ additional seismic investigations and monitoring on sites
➢ BDBA monitoring of 1st circuit parameters
10
Management of severe accidents
➢ SAMG for operation and shutdown states
➢ filtered containment venting system (VVER-1000)
➢ hydrogen concentration reduction in the containment
➢ PAMS inside containment (including H2 concentration)
➢ prevent early containment bypass
11
The status of the‘Post-Fukushima’ measures
0
50
100
150
200
250
В-320В-302/338
В-213
45 25 8
156
10 18
Nu
mb
er
of
measu
res
осталось
выполнено
0
50
100
150
200
250
В-320 В-302/338 В-213
4525
8
156
1018
Nu
mb
er
of
measu
res
осталось
выполнено
Total - 262 the‘Post-Fukushima’ measures for 15th units
Today - 78 measures was implemented
13
List and cost of Post-Fukushima measures № Code Measures
Apr. cost,
mln EUR
without VAT
Additional equipment and systems 165,4
1 13307 Steam-generators make-up in case of SBO (mobile pumping station-MPS)
322 13511 Functionality of group A equipment in case of the loss of service water system (MPS)
3 11305 SFP make-up and cooling (MPS)
4 15103 Emergency electrical power supply (Mobile diesel-generator) 12
5 14101 Post accident monitoring system (PAMS) 33,4
6 16201 The hydrogen concentration monitoring system in case BDBA 7
7 16203 Passive autocatalitic recombiners (PARs) in the containment dome 15
8 16205 Containment filtered venting system (1st/2nd stage) 1,5 / 72
9 16101 Prevent early containment bypass 4
Qualification 62,85
10 10101 Qualification of the power unit elements 7,5
11 13501 Replacement of air conditioners for conditioners qualified for "hard" conditions and seismic 41,2
12 Qualification of internal crisis centers for seismic and SAC 0,15
13 18101 Seismic qualification 10
14 18102 Seismic monitoring system 4
Emergency procedures
15 19203 Improvement of Emergency instructions for eliminating accidents at low power and outage 1,3
16 19204 Severe accident management guidelines (SAMG )
Analytical
17 10102 The study of the necessity and the possibility of qualification for the conditions of SA
1,57
18 13308 Analysis of the need to make up the 1st circuit
19 19105 Analysis of the possibility of in vessel retention
20 19103 Taking into account the full spectrum of the initial events for reactor states and FP in PSA
21 - Handling of large amounts of radioactive water
22 - Investigation of emergency SA phenomena and improvement of calculated models
Others 0,7
TOTAL for all NPPs 241,8
Seismic qualification
Qualification is based on the values refined upon site seismic survey
Design-basis PGA Refined PGA value
NPP SL-1/OBE SL-2/SSE Refined SSE Qualification margin
Khmelnitsky
0.025g 0.05g
0.06g 0.1g
Rivne 0.06g 0.1g
South-Ukraine 0.093g 0.12g
Zaporizhe 0.115g 0.15g
14
Progress in seismic qualification
- SUNPP-1,2, ZNPP-1,2 - completed (for SUNPP-1 2414 pieces of equipment, qualification of 1461 pieces was increased, 194 pieces of equipment were replaced)
- on-going for other units – till 2020
15
16
Replacement of air conditioners for
conditioners qualified for "hard"
conditions and seismic
Apr. cost 3 mln EUR per unit
Progress in seismic qualification
Seismic monitoring system
- SUNPP site –completed
- ZNPP site – under completion:✓equipment for 6 points of seismic monitoring in ZNPP 25 km
✓drilling to install seismometers, protective structures
✓ trial operation planned in 2015
- RNPP and KhNPP –on-going ✓purchasing the equipment
✓mounting work
17
Apr. cost 1 mln EUR per unit
General strategy for SBO/LUHS
- SG depressurization by steam dump to atmosphere (BRU-A or SRV)
- SG feed:✓ from mobile diesel-driven pump (MDP) connected to emergency feed water system (EFW) line (additional bunkered EFW for WWER-440)✓ passive dearator depletion (+ approx. 8.5 hrs to core damage)
- RCS boron injection by ECCS high pressure (powered from mobile DG)
- Spent fuel storage pool feed/cooling by MDP
- Support functions✓alternative power supply (0.4 kV/800kW MDG)✓essential service water (ESW) supply by MDP✓compressed air✓I&C (PAMS)
Additional equipment - 3 mobile diesel-driven pumps (SG feed, SFSP feed, ESW) and mobile DG / per power unit
18
Mobile pumping station
− SUNPP-1,2, ZNPP-1,2, RNPP-3– completed (mobile
diesel-driven pumps 396 m3/h, 10 кgf/сm2 , procedure for alternative water supplyfrom the mobile pump to essential loads with water intake (SG, SFP, ESW) from anyalternative sources: tanks, water intake pools of ventilation cooling towers or waterchannel of the cooling pond)
− Schedule for others units:- ZNPP-3, KhNPP-2, RNPP-1,2 – 2017- remaining units – 2018
- Estimate cost per unite - 0,74 million Euros
19
20
Pump Station NRS-110
Nominal features:
- Flow rate, m3/h – min 396;
- Discharge head, kgf/cm2 – min 10;
- Suction height, m – min 7.
Examples of completed modernizations
Arrangement for make-up of a SG,
SFP, ESW
Mobile diesel driven pumps (SUNPP-1 examples)
Mobile pump to feed SG/SFP Connection places installed for SFP water supply
21
Alternative power supply in case of SBO(SUNPP-1 examples)
−0.4 kV/800 kW mobile DGs
22
−SUNPP-1,2, ZNPP-1,2 – completed−Schedule for others units:
-ZNPP-3, KhNPP-2, RNPP-1,2,3 – 2017-remaining units – 2018
- Approximate cost per unite - 0,9 million Euros
SAMG implementation
• SAMG for operation at rated power - implemented at pilot RNPP-1, SUNPP-1 and ZNPP-
1 units, personnel trained
- developed and being revised for all non-pilot units (to be implemented in 2015)
• SAMG for low power and shutdown states/SFP
- developed and being revised for pilot units
- implementation schedule:- pilot units – 2015- non-pilot units - 2016
The conditions for transfer to SAMGs –temperature increase at core output above 450 С, SFP level under 430 cm, time without SFP cooling
23
Containment filtered venting system
1st stage (intermediate) - containment venting through existing exhaust
air ducts and further release of the steam-gas medium to atmosphere through the ventilation stack and treatment on available iodine and airborne filters
Completed for SUNPP-1,2, ZNPP-1,2 – replacement of air ducts, upgradingdischarge line
2nd stage – additional filtered venting:analytical justification for filters completed, technical specifications approved,
tender for SUNPP-1,2, ZNPP-1,2 is finishing (first two units – “dry” filter byWestinghouse, second two – “wet”, Areva technology)
Implementation schedule: SUNPP-1,2,4, ZNPP-1,2 – 2018,ZNPP-3,5, KhNPP-1, RNPP-3, SUNPP-3 – 2019,
remaining units – up to 2020
24
- Estimate cost 1st/2nd
stage per unite -0,17/5,1 million Euros
Post accident monitoring system (PAMS)
1st stage: - software based I&C (upper level of
PAMS)
- emergency instrumentation of
coolant level in reactor
- connection of existing design based
sensors to upper level of PAMS
2nd stage:- implementation of emergency
instrumentations, qualified for severe
accident conditions;
- data transfer from PAMS to “black
box”
Уровень теплонос. в реакторе
Уровень теплоносителя в КД
Проектный и. п.
Монитор БЩУМонитор РЩУ
Сист. Блок
Коммутатор 1
Коммутатор 2
АВР 1 АВР 2
Шкафы верхнего
уровня
АБ СУЗ
АДГ
Осн. и.п.
СККВ АСРКАКНП
АВР
-/~СКУТ
ЧЯ
Внеш. КЦ Внут.КЦ
.
ИВС
Температура в петлях ГЦК
Температура дна корпуса реактора
ТС АКИП
Температура в ГО
Давление над активной зоной реактора
Температура в бассейне выдержки
Уровень в бассейне выдержки
Шкафы нижнего
уровня
АВР 1 АВР 2
Мощность дозы в ГО
Давление в ГО
Уровень воды в ПГ1 – ПГ4
Давление в ПГ1 – ПГ4
Уровень в приямках ГО
Температура на выходе из ТВС
Температура бетона шахты реактора
25
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Key measures (5/6)
Reflectometry radar-sensor by "AMICO kit" (Mykolayiv) to measure the level of liquids (including boiling) in spent fuel pool with temperatures up to 300 0C.
Measuring range 0 - 16 m.
Accuracy - 4 sm.
Measurement of temperature using platinum resistance thermometers and thermocouples made in Ukraine by “Thermoprilad” or “Omega”
Measurement of dose rate with BDRG-47R by “Technopole”, or upgraded GIM-206 by MIRION
Measurement of pressure in the primary circuit, pressure in the containment, the level in the pit GA201/1,2,3 used pressure sensors of PJSC "Manometer-Kharkiv"
PAMS Implementation progress
✓ SUNPP-1,2 - software based upper level PAMS designed and produced by Ukrainian manufacture “Westron” installed and put into trial operation, equipment purchased for providing information to emergency centers, in-core coolant level measurement improved
✓ ZhNPP-1,2 - software based upper level PAMS designed and produced by Ukrainian manufacture “Impuls” installed and put into trial operation
✓ For other units tender is ongoing ore preparing
List of monitored parameters for SAMG strategies:
1. The temperature of the fuel assembly outlet2. The level in the reactor3. The pressure above the core4. The temperature of the reactor vessel bottom5. The temperature in the containment6. The concentration of hydrogen
7. The gamma radiation dose rate in the containment8. The pressure in the containment9. Temperature in fuel pool10. The level in fuel pool11. The water level in the pit of containment
27
Measures to protect containment integrity(SUNPP-1 examples)
Installation of passive autocataliticrecombiners (PARs) in the containment dome
Concrete barrier in the melt spreading area to avoid the containment bypass (WWER-1000/V-302 peculiarities)
28
29
Внедрение пассивных рекомбинаторов водорода на ЮУАЭС
ПРИМЕРЫ ВЫПОЛНЕННЫХ МЕРОПРИЯТИЙ ПО ПОВЫШЕНИЮ БЕЗОПАСНОСТИ УКРАИНСКИХ АЭС (ПРОДОЛЖЕНИЕ)
30
Good practices
▪ Measure is first implemented at pilot power units to cover reactorsof each design and then at other units taking into account theexperience gained from the pilot one (results, technical solutionsand findings). Application of the stage improvement.
▪ Site-specific SARs have been developed for each NPP to justifyeffectiveness of the complex strategy in case of SBO/LUHS withdifferent combinations of mobile equipment, operator actions,estimation of the time for delivery of mobile equipment to theconnection places, etc.
▪ Unification of Mobile pumping station for reservations of function
▪ Regulatory body monitors, in a systematic manner,implementation of the measures at open Board meetings andinspections.
31
Challenges
▪The schedule for safety measures is affected by the technicalcomplexity of their development and implementation, and requiredscope of funding
▪Financial constrains due to the current political situation
▪The complicated tendering procedure
▪ For measures on severe accident management,analytical/experimental studies of relevant severe accidentphenomena are to be continued
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