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sTÞanuRkmesdækic© Economic Lexicon
PaKTI 1³ Gg;eKøs - Exµr Part One: English – Khmer
PaKTI 2³ Exµr - Gg;eKøs Part Two: Khmer – English
erobcMeday Epñke)aHBum<pSay én viTüasßanbNþúHbNþal nig RsavRCavedIm,IGPivDÆn_km<úCa
viTüasßanbNþúHbNþal nig RsavRCavedIm,IGPivDÆn_km<úCa
Cambodia Development Resource Institute
PMñeBj/ tula 2006
Economic Lexicon
Copyright © 2006 Cambodia Development Resource Institute
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval
system or transmitted in any form or by any means—electronic, mechanical,
photocopying, recording, or otherwise—without the written permission of the Cambodia
Development Resource Institute.
ISBN 99950-52-00-8
Cambodia Development Resource Institute
56 Street 315, Tuol Kork, Phnom Penh PO Box 622, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
℡ (855-23) 881-384/881-701/881-916/883-603 (855-23) 880-734 e-mail: cdri@camnet.com.kh website: http://www.cdri.org.kh Editing: Publishing Team Design and Layout: Em Sorany and Oum Chantha Printed and bound in Cambodia by JSRC Printing House
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Foreword I am pleased to introduce a new edition of CDRI’s Economic Lexicon, an English-Khmer and Khmer-English guide to technical terms in economics and related fields such as accounting, banking, finance, and development. CDRI's recent experience in publishing, and contributing to a range of publications, conferences, seminars and workshops, has shown that there is a real need for such a resource to assist stakeholders in Cambodia's development to use more standard and easily understood terms in Khmer and English when writing about development issues. Our new 2006-10 Strategic Plan includes a commitment to produce research products that are more flexible and appropriate for Cambodia. This new edition of the Economic Lexicon is an expression of that commitment. We hope that it will help promote the expansion of development material originally written in Khmer, and the quality of translation from English material into Khmer. The lexicon is in two parts. Part 1: The English-Khmer Lexicon, is a revision and expansion of the last edition published in 1995. Over the past 10 years there have been many developments in technical language. This is especially true for the Khmer language, where many new words have been created and many others have changed their meaning or become more specific. Also, many more technical Khmer documents are being produced by various institutions taking different approaches to the use of language. CDRI, like many other institutions, publishes technical and policy documents on a wide range of development-related topics. Wherever possible, CDRI's editorial team makes great efforts to use words that are already in use in official documents and to refrain from creating new words. This is not always easy as official documents may use different Khmer words to express the same meaning, so choices have to be made as to what would be the most commonly understood word or term. Sometimes a new word or term needs to be used for a new concept which
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does not yet have a specific translation in Khmer. Wherever possible a combination of simple words is used to express any new idea or concept. Part II, The Khmer-English Lexicon, is new. It has been compiled in response to requests from many of our readers who may have some difficulty with Khmer technical terms, especially new ones. Where there is no exact equivalent, this lexicon provides the nearest translation. It does not contain a detailed explanation for each word, and the reader is advised to use the English word to further research its meaning. The reason the lexicon contains many headwords of Pali or Sanskrit origin is that their meaning is not immediately obvious to the general public. Wherever any one particular word is not very much in use, the reader is referred to another word more frequently used or more readily understandable. Extensive research and the opinions of many people have gone into the compilation of this lexicon. CDRI would like to thank everyone who has contributed to this final product. We hope this lexicon will serve as a tool to help readers to make better use of both CDRI publications and the broader development literature. We see the lexicon as a continuous ''work in progress' so would welcome any comments or suggestion from readers to help improve and expand on the current edition.
Larry Strange Executive Director CDRI
October 2006
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buBVkfa
´manesckþIrIkraysUmENnaMbgðajCUnnUv sTÞanuRkmecjpSayfµIeday vbsG EdlCa bNþúMBakübkERb Gg;eKøs-Exµr nig Exµr-Gg;eKøs kñúgvis½yCMnajbec©keTsCaeRcIn dUcCaxag KNenyü FnaKar hirBaØvtßú nigkarGPivDÆn_CaedIm . bTBiesaFn_naeBlfµI²rbs; vbsG kñúgkar e)aHBum<pSay nigkarcUlrYmeFVIGtßbTpSBVpSaysnñisIT sikçasala )anbgðajfa ÉksarEbbenH mantMrUvkareRcIn sMrab;CYydl;mCÄdæanGñkBak;B½n§nwgkargarGPivDÆn_RbeTskm<úCa kñúgkareRbIR)as; BaküExµr nigGg;eKøs [)anÉkPaBKña niggayyl; enAeBlsresrGtßbTBIbBaðaGPivDÆn_ . enAkñúgEpnkaryuT§saRsþ vbsG qñaM2006-10 manEcgBIkartaMgcitþksagplitplRsavRCavEdl smRsbsMrab;RbeTskm<úCa . sTÞanuRkmenH KWCalT§plmYyénkartaMgcitþenH ehIysgÇwmfa nwg GacCYyCMrujkarsresrGtßbTedIm CaPasaExµrEtmþg RBmTaMgCYybegáInKuNPaBkarbkERb ÉksarGg;eKøsCaPasaExµr .
snÞanuRkmenHmanEbgEckecjCaBIrPaK . PaK1 KWCasnÞanuRkmGg;eKøs-Exµr EdlCa ÉksarBRgIkbEnßm elIsnÞanuRkme)aHBum<pSayelIkTI2 eday vbsG enAqñaM1995 . kñúgry³eBl 10qñaMknøgmk BaküeBcn_bec©keTsmankarvivtþn_Evgq¶ayNas; . edayELkenAkñúgPasaExµr man karbegáItBaküfµICaeRcIn nigmanBaküBImunCaeRcIneTotEdl)anERbRbYln½y rWk¾mann½ykan;EtCak; lak;EfmeTot . mü:ageTot sßab½nnanak¾ksag ÉksarCaPasaExµr)aneRcInNas;Edr edayman EbbbTxus²KñakñúgkareRbIR)as;BaküeBcn_ .
vbsG k¾dUcsßab½nÉeTotEdr )ane)aHBum<pSayÉksarbec©keTsmYycMnYnFM EdlBak;B½n§ nwgRbFanbTCaeRcIn . RkumGñkniBn§sTÞanuRkmenH )anxwtxMkt;RtaykBaküNaEdlmaneRbIrYc ehIyenAkñúgÉksarpøÚvkarnana nigeCosvagkarbegáItBaküfµI . b:uEnþviFIenHminGacGnuvtþ)anCab; rhUteT BIeRBaHmanÉksarpøÚvkarmYycMnYn)aneRbIBaküxusKñaedIm,IbBa¢ak;BIn½yEtmYydUcKña . dUecñH ehIy k¾RtUvmankareRCIserIsykBaküNaEdleKGacyl;n½y)anCaTUeTACag . CYnkaleTot BaküfµIRtUvEtbegáIteLIgedIm,IsMKal;Gtßn½ymYyEdlminTan;manBaküExµrsMrab;ehAy:agCak;lak; . kñúgkrNIEbbenH nigtamlT§PaBGaceFVIeTA)an KWEtgGnuvtþykBaküsamBaزmkpÁMúKña edIm,IbegáIt CaBakümann½yfµImYyeTot .
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PaK2³ snÞanuRkm Exµr-Gg;eKøs³ PaKenHKWCaÉksarcgRkgfµITaMgRsug edIm,IeqøIytbnwg sMNUmBrrbs;GñkGanCaeRcIn Edl)anCYbbBaðaxøH²Bak;B½n§nwgBakübec©keTsExµr CaBiess BaküfµI² . kñúgkrNIBMuGacrk)anBaküesµI snÞanuRkmenHmanpþl; BakübkERbEdlmann½yEk,rKña bMput . snÞanuRkmenHBMumanpþl;karBnül;n½ylMGitelIBakünImYy²eT b:uEnþGñkGanGaceRbIR)as; BaküGg;eKøs edIm,IeFVIkarRsavRCavn½ybEnßmeTot)an . mü:ageTot snÞanuRkmmankt;RtaBakü CaeRcInEdlmanb£sKl;ecjBI)alI rWsMRsáwt BIeRBaHmanGñkGanCaeRcInminGacyl;n½yrbs;va)an Pøam²eT . kñúgkrNIBaküNamYyminsUvmaneKeRbIR)as;snÞanuRkmmancuHBakümYyeTotEdlRkum GñkniBn§yl;famankareRbIR)as; jwkjab;Cag rWk¾Gacqab;yl;)anCag . snÞanuRkmenH)ancgRkgeLIg edaymankarRsavRCavy:agTUlMTUlay nigkarCYymtiBI GñkmancMeNHdwgCMnajCaeRcInnak; . vbsG sUmEføgGMNrKuNdl;RKb;²KñaEdl)ancUlrYmcMENk CYyeRCamERCg[smiT§iplfµIenHelcecjCarUbrageLIg . vbsG sgÇwmfa snÞanuRkmenHkøayCa ]bkrN_mYyCYydl;GñkGannanakñúgkareRbIR)as;ÉksarepSg²rbs; vbsG RBmTaMgÉksarxag GPivDÆn_epSg²eTot . vbsG cat;TukÉksarenHCa {kargarbnþeTAmuxCanic©} ehIysUmsVaKmn_ RKb;mtieyabl;BIGñkGan edIm,IeFVIkarEklMG nigBRgIksTÞanuRkm[)aneCOnelOneTAmuxeTot .
PñMeBj/ Extula qñaM2006 LarI e®sþn©
naykRbtibtþi vbsG
PaKTI 1 Gg;eKøs-Exµr
Part One: English–Khmer
PaKTI 1 Gg;eKøs-Exµr
Part One: English–Khmer
Economic Lexicon Part 1
1
A, a a posteriori kñúgbcäakal abacus n. k,ac; ¬]bkrN_buraNsMrab; Kitelx¦ abandonment of a trade (occupation) kare)aHbg;muxCMnYjGVImYy abatement karbnßy ¬éfø/ Bn§>>>¦ aberration karXøatBIsPaBFmµta/ kMritxusKña/ karP½nþRcLM abeyance karp¥ak/ goods in ~ TMnijKµan GñkTTYl abide v. eKarB/ eFVItam/ ~ by a promise kan;Baküsnüa abolish v. lubecal above-mentioned dUcmanEcgxagelI abrogate v. TukCanarakrN_ absolute acceptance karTTYlRBmTaMg Rsug absolute advantage ]tþmPaBdac;xat absolute majority vote sMelgPaKeRcIn dac;xat ¬CagBak;kNþaléncMnYnGñkmke)aH eqñat¦ absolute poverty PaBRkIRkCak;Esþg/ PaBRkIRkdac;xat absolute (total) loss kMhatsrubsuT§ absorption karRsUbcUl/ karbBa©ÚlCasaxa absorptive capacity smtßPaBRsUbyk abstain Gnub,vaT
abstract n. & v. 1> sMrg;GtßbT 2> eFVI GrUbIykmµ
abuse of trust karrMelaPesckþITukcitþ abuse of process karbMBanelInItiviFI accelerate v. BenøÓn accelerated depreciation method viFIKitrMls;bgçM accept (a bill of exchange) TTYlRBm ¬rUbiyaNtþi>>>¦ accept deposit v. TTYl R)ak;beBaØI¼R)ak; tMkl; acceptance karTTYlRBm/ notification of ~ lixitCUndMNwgkarTTYlRBm/ present a bill for ~ bgðajrUbiyaNtþiedIm,IsMukarbBa¢ak; TTYlsÁal;/ ~ in full karTTYlRBmTaMgRsug acceptance certificate viBaØabnb½Rt TTYlRBm access 1> lT§PaB)aneRbIR)as; 2> lT§PaB¼pøÚv eTAdl; accessible price éføEdlGacTijdUr)an accession n. 1> ])aKmn_ ¬kar)anCa kmµsiT§inUvvtßúrNb¦ 2> karcUlCasmaCik accident insurance karFanar:ab;rgelIeRKaHfñak; acclimate v. pSa‘¿nwgGakasFatufµI accord karRBmeRBog accordance karGnuBaØateGay/ in ~ with edayGnuelameTAtam account KNnI account amended KNnI)anEksMrYl account book esovePAKNnI account currency rUbiyvtßúTUTat; account day éf¶TUTat;
Economic Lexicon Part 1
2
account holder m©as;KNnI account payable KNnIRtUvsg account payee only sMrab;EtsgcUlKNnI account receivable KNnIRtUvTar/ KNnI GtifiCn account, sales r)aykarN_lk;TMnij account, unit of ÉktaKit account, domestic KNnIépÞkñúg account, expense KNnIcMNay account, outstanding KNnIenAminTan;sg accountability KNenyüPaB ¬PaBTTYl xusRtUv¦/ to demand ~ from TamTar KNenyüPaBBI accountancy KNenyü (GB)/ KNenyükic© accountant KNenyükr/ chartered ~ or public ~ (US) KNenyükrrdæTTYlsÁal; accounting KNenyü (US)/ financial ~ KNenyühirBaØvtßú/ tax ~ KNenyüBn§dar accounting analysis karviPaKKNenyü accounting cycle vdþKNenyü accounting period RKaKNenyü/ KNenyükal accounting plan bøg;KNenyü accounting price éføKNenyü accounting statement r)aykarN_KNenyü accounting system RbB½n§KNenyü accreditation karEtgtaMg/ karTTYlsÁal; accredited party PaKITTYlsar\NTan accrued (interest/rent...) expense cMNay ¬karR)ak;¦ )anKitbEnßm
accrued (interest/rent...) income cMNUl ¬karR)ak;¦ )anKitbEnßm accrued interest karR)ak;)anKitbEnßm accumulate bgÁrTuk/ smac½y/ bUkRtYt/ accumulated depreciation rMls;bgÁrTuk accuracy PaBCak;lak;/ PaBRtwmRtUv accused n. CnCab;ecaT acknowledge receipt (of a cheque...) TTYlsÁal;karTTYl ¬mUlb,Tanb½Rt>>>¦ acknowledge v. TTYlsÁal; acknowledgment (of receipt) esckþIbBa¢ak;fa)anTTYl acquire v. eFVIlT§kmµ acquisition lT§kmµ/ kar)anmkCakmµsiT§i acquittance roll b½NÑsgR)ak; act of war ehtuekIteLIgedays®gÁam/ sßanPaBsßitkñúgs®gÁam acting chairman/woman RbFansþITI activate eFVIeGayskmµeT,Ig activity skmµPaB/ business ~ skmµPaB GaCIvkmµ actor tYGgÁ/ economic ~ tYGgÁesdækic© act of God RbFanskþi actual Cak;Esþg/ ~ delivery karRbKl; Cak;Esþg/ ~ order karbBa¢aTijCak;Esþg ad hoc committee KN³kmµaFikarcMeBaHkic© ad valorem duty Bn§yktaméfø ad valorem freight éfødwkCBa¢ÚnyktaméføTMnij addendum, law on c,ab;sþIBIc,ab;bEnßm additional bEnßm/ ~ insurance karFana r:ab;rgbEnßm/ ~ premium buBVlaPbEnßm
Economic Lexicon Part 1
3
additional profit tax (APT) Bn§elIR)ak;cMeNjbEnßm addressee GñkTTYl ¬lixit¦/ GñkEdlRtUvTTYl adequate smlµm adjourn v. elIkvarkal/ p¥ak adjudicate CMrHkþI adjusting entries (accounting) elxnaEktMrUv adjustment kMENtMrUv/ ~ account KNnI EktMrUv/ ~ factor (AF) ktþaEktMrUv/ ~ value tMélEktMrUv administrative expenses cMNayrdæ)al administrative-economic entity GgÁPaBesdækic©rdæ)al admissible evidence PsþútagRbevsnI/ PsþútagTTYlyk)an adult eBjv½y/ ~ citizen RbCaBlrdæeBjv½y advance buerRbTan ¬R)ak;ebIk[mun¦/ ~ deposit R)ak;kk;mun advance money R)ak;buerRbTan/ R)ak; pþl;eGaymun advance notice karpþl;dMNwgCamun advance on documents buerRbTan sMGagelIÉksar advance on securities buerRbTaneday manvtßúFana advance payment karTUTat;Camun advancement kareCOnelOneTAmux/ karrIkcMerIn advantage ]tþmPaB adversary proceeding svnakarRbtibkS
¬svnakarEdlKUkþItTl;Kña¦ adverse minl¥/ minGMeNaypl/ ~ factor/ trade balance ktþa¼CBa¢IgBaNiC¢kmµ minGMeNaypl advertise v. pSayBaNiC¢kmµ advertisement, advertising karpSayBaNiC¢kmµ advertising campaign yuT§nakarpSay BaNiC¢kmµ advice note lixitCUnB½t’man/ lixitCUneyabl; advice, collection lixitCUndMNwgkar RbmUlR)ak; advice, debit/credit Rbkas \NBn§¼ \NTan advice, dispatch/shipment /forwarding lixitCUndMNwgbBa¢ÚnTMnij adviser (advisor) TIRbwkSa/ financial ~ TIRbwkSahirBaØvtßú advising bank FnaKarCUndMNwg advisory function muxgarpþl;eyabl; advocacy karts‘Umti affidavit lixitEføgsc©a ¬GHGagsc©PaB cMeBaHmuxc,ab;¦ affiliated company (or associated company) Rkumh‘unbuRtsm<½n§/ Rkumh‘un Bak;B½n§ ¬Rkumh‘unemkþab;PaKh‘unticCag 50°¦ affiliation, political ninñakarneya)ay affinity n. Bn§úPaB/ ¬PaBdUcKña rW manTMnak; TMngCamYyKña¦ AFTA-ASEAN Free Trade Area tMbn;BaNiC¢kmµesrIGas‘an
Economic Lexicon Part 1
4
after-tax income cMNUleRkaykat;Bn§ aftercost cMNaybEnßm age group RkumGayu agency TIPñak;gar/ employment ~ kariyal½y rkkargareGayeFIV/ pre-investment ~ TIPñak;gar BinitülT§PaB muneBlvinieyaK agenda rebobvar³/ kargarEdlRtUveFVI agent Pñak;gar/ sole ~ tMNagpþac;mux agglomerate pþMúcUlKña aggregate GgÁpSM/ tYelxRbmUlpþúM/ ~ demand/ supply tMrUvkar¼karpÁt;pÁg; srub aggregate, monetary xn§b,maNrUbiyvtßú/ rUbiyvtßúTaMgGs; aggregation karpþúM/ xn§b,aT/ karpÁúMGgÁpSM aggrieved person Gñkminsuxcitþ agrarian éndIFøI/ ~ reform kMENTMrg;dIFøI agrarian society sgÁmksikmµ agreed (price) ¬éfø¦ RBmeRBog agreement kic©RBmeRBog/ verbal ~ kic© ®BmeRBogpÞal;mat;/ ~ on the exchange of goods kic©RBmeRBogsþIBIkarpøas;bþÚrTMnij/ ~ in principle kic©RBmeRBogCaeKalkarN_ agribusiness ksi-BaNiC¢kmµ agricultural product ksipl agriculture ksikmµ/ Ministry of Agriculture Forestry and Fisheries RksYgksikmµ rukçaRbmaj; nigensaT agro-industry ksi-]sSahkmµ agronomist ekSRtviTU agronomy ekSRtsaRsþ/ ekSRtviTüa aid CMnYy/ economic ~ CMnYyEpñkesdækic©/ ~ agreement kic©RBmeRBogpþl;CMnYy/
~ coordination mechanism ynþkar sMrbsMrYlCMnYy/ ~ programme kmµviFICMnYy air bill of lading b½NÑdwkCBa¢ÚnpøÚvGakas air cargo/freightTMnijbBa¢ÚntamynþehaH air-consignment note b½NÑdwkCBa¢ÚnpøÚvGakas airport tax Bn§RBlanynþehaH airway bill b½NÑdwkCBa¢ÚnpøÚvGakas alien CnbreTs alien act c,ab;sþIBICnbreTs alienation karepÞrkmµsiT§i alienator n samIbrivtþ/ Gñklk; rW epÞrsiT§i[eK alimony R)ak;]btßmÖ ¬BIbþIeTARbBn§ rWBIRbBn§ eTAbþI/ eRkayeBlElgKña¦ allegation karecaTRbkan;edaymin)an bgðajPsþútag allegiance (politics) karesµaHsµ½RK allegiance, oath of sc©aRbNiFan alliance sm<½n§PaB all-in price éføsBVRKb; ¬TMnij/ Fanar:ab;rg/ dwkCBa¢Ún>>>¦ allocate v. (fund) élEck/ eFVIviPaCn_/ allocated resources FnFanEdl)anélEck allocation 1> karélEck/ karviPaCn_/ proportional ~ karélEcksmamaRt 2> R)ak;viPaCn_ allotment of shares karEbgEckPaKh‘un allowance R)ak;]btßmÖ/ TayC¢Tan/ depreciation ~ TayC¢Tan[dl;rMls;/ family ~ R)ak;]btßmÖRKÜsar/ make an ~ eFVIkarbBa©úHéføkñúgkarlk;eGayGñkTij all-risks insurance/policy kar¼b½NÑ Fanara:b;rghaniP½yRKb;RbePT
Economic Lexicon Part 1
5
alteration karEk ¬Bakü¼elx¼bBa¢I KNenyü>>> edayekaslub¼sresrRtYt>>>¦ alternative CMerIs¼meFüa)ayepSgeTot/ ~ technology bec©kviTüaEbbepSg ¬Gac eRbICMnYs)an¦ amalgamation karbBa©Úl ¬Kña¦ ambition karR)afñad¾elIslub/ mhicäta amelioration n. kareFIVeGayRbesIreT,Ig/ suvuDÆikmµ amendment 1> viesaFnkmµ ¬c,ab;>>>¦/ ~ of a contract viesaFnkmµkic©snüa/ ~ advice lixitCUndMNwgsþIBIkarEksMrYl viesaFnkmµ 2> c,ab; b¤ maRtaénc,ab;Edl RtUv)anEkERbehIy amicable settlement dMeNaHRsay RbkbedaykareyaKyl; ¬min)ac;eTAtulakar¦ amnesty karelIkElgeTas amortisation of a debt ¬kar¦rMls;bMNul amount TwkR)ak;/ gross ~ TwkR)ak;dul/ ~ of invoice TwkR)ak;énvikáybRt amount past due TwkR)ak;hYskalkMNt;sg analysis karviPaK/ cost ~ karviPaKBIéføedIm/ ~ of job requirements karviPaKtMrUvkarkargar analysis, discounted cash flow (DCF) karviPaKcracrsac;R)ak; analytical thinking KMnitviPaK ancestor buBVCn ancillary services esvakmµbnÞab;bnSM annual RbcaMqñaM/ ~ budget KMeragfvikaRbcaMqñaMannualised adj. KitelImUldæanRbcaMqñaM annuity FnlaP/ R)ak;sMNgRbcaMqñaM/
life ~ CIvFnlaP annulment emaXkmµ/ karcat;TukCaGasasUnü antedate v. cuHbuerkalbriecäT/ cuHkalbriecäT GtItkal anthropology mnusSsaRsþ/ nrviTüa anti- RbqaMg/ anti-personnel mine mInRbqaMgmnusS anticipated profit R)ak;cMeNjeRBogTuk anti-dumping karRbqaMgnwgkarlk;bgçÚc éfø/ ~ duty Bn§RbqaMgnwgkarlk;bgçÚcéfø anti-inflation measure/programme viFankar¼kmµviFI Tb;Tl;GtiprNa anti-trust law c,ab;RbqaMgnwgRtwsþ apellate court sala]T§rN_ apparatus briFan/ bznP½NÐ appeal 1> bNþwgtv:a/ ]T§rN_ 2> karGMBavnav appliance eRKOgeRbIR)as; applicant Gñkdak;BaküsMu applicant for a letter of credit Gñkdak;BaküsMu¼GñkesñIsMu ebIksar\NTan applied economics viTüasaRsþesdækic© apply v. ¬dak;¦ Gnuvtþ/ applied research karRsavRCavsMrab;Gnuvtþ appointed days, on naéf¶)ankMNt; appointment karEtgtaMg/ permanent ~ to the rank of administrative agent kartaMgs‘ubkñúgzannþrskþiPñak;garrdæ)al apportion v. EbgEck apportionment bMENgEck appraisal karvaytémø
Economic Lexicon Part 1
6
appreciation 1> kareLIg éfø¼tMél 2> mUlvicar ¬karvaytMél¦ 3> karTTYlsÁal;KuNPaB 4>GMNrKuN approach viFIsaRsþ appropriate adj. smRsb/ ~ size TMhM smRsb/ ~ technology bec©kviTüasmRsb appropriation (financial) ¬R)ak;¦ viPaCn_ ¬R)ak;élTukenAmçagsMrab;eKaledAedayELk¦ appropriation accounts KNnIcMNUl-cMNay approval karyl;RBm/ on ~ etagman karyl;RBm approximately RbEhl/ RbmaN aquaculture, aquatic culture varIvb,kmµ aquatic product Clpl aquatic resources FnFanClpl arable land dIGacdaMduH arbiter mCÄtþkr ¬GñkmanGMNac¼\T§iBl edIm,IeFVIkarkat;kþI³ ]> kñúgkic©karrdæ¦ arbitrage 1> mCÄtþkmµ 2> karepÞrTunBIpSar mYyeTApSarmYyedIm,IeqøótrkkMér arbitrageur GñkepÞrTunBIpSarmYyeTApSar mYyedIm,IeqøótrkkMér arbitrary tamEtGMeBIcitþ arbitration mCÄtþPaB/ mCÄtþvinicä½y/ karkat;kþIedayGaCJakNþal/ ~ committee KN³kmµkarmCÄtþkmµ arbitrator mCÄtþkr ¬xagBaNiC¢kmµ¦ architectural company Rkumh‘unsikSa KMeragbøg; architecture sßabtükmµ/ nimµabnkmµ area unit ÉktatMbn;
area, free trade tMbn;BaNiC¢kmµesrI area-based frame eRKagelImUldæantMbn; arid area tMbn;s¶ÜtEhg arithmetic nBVnþ/ ~ mean mFümnBVnþ arm’s length sale karlk;KµankareyaK yl;Biess arrears bMNulyWty:avminTan;sg/ to be in ~ yWty:avkñúgkarsgbMNul art work sñaédsil,³ article of copartnership kic©snüacUlh‘un/ maRtashPaKkmµ articles of association (GB) or by-laws (US) lkçnþik³ articles of incorporation (US) or
memorandum of association (GB) GnusSarN³begIátRkumh‘un
articulate v. bBa¢ak;CaBaküeBCn_ as provided, as stated, set forth dUcmanEcg ¬kñúgc,ab;¦ Asean Free Trade Area (AFTA) tMbn;BaNiC¢kmµesrIGas‘an assembly line ExSplitkmµ ¬tMelIgeRKOgcRk¦ assessed taxes Bn§)ankMNt; assessment karvaytMél assessor of taxes GñkkMNt;Bn§¼vayBn§ asset RTBüskmµ/ RTBüsm,tiþ/ current ~ RTBüskmµcrnþ/ foreign ~ RTBüskmµCa rUbiyb½NÑ ¬FnaKar¦/ RTBüenAbreTs, fixed (capital) ~ RTBüskmµCab;lab; ¬ÉksarxøH ehAfa GclnRTBü EdlRtUvnwgBakü immovable property), tangible ~ RTBürUbI/ frozen ~ RTBüp¥ib/ intangible ~
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RTBüGrUbI/ financial ~ RTBühirBaØvtßú assign (property) epÞrsiT§ieRbIR)as;Gclnvtßú assignable credit sar\NTanGacepÞr)an assignee 1> Gnub,Tanik ¬GñkTTYlsiT§i¼ RTBüsm,tþi¼karEtgtaMg ¦ 2> GñkTTYlsiT§iRbTan/ GaNtþiKahk assignee in bankruptcy GñkRtUv)an cat;taMg[RKb;RKgRTBüsm,tþiGñkkS½yFn assignor 1> Gnub,TayI ¬GñkepÞrRTBüsm,tþi/ GñkeFVIkarcat;taMg¦ 2> GñkRbKl;siT§i/ GaNtþiTayk assimilation smankmµ ¬kareFVI[RCYtRCab¦ assistance kar]btßmÖ/ CMnYy/ CMnYy]btßmÖ assistant CMnYykar/ brivcäkarI/ ]bkarI assistant accountant KNenyükrCMnYykarassistant manager Gñkcat;karrg associated company (see affiliated company) Rkumh‘unBak;B½n§ association smaKm/ bar ~ KN³emFavI assurance 1> karFanar:ab;rg 2> PaBR)akdkñúgcitþ ¬KµankarsgS½y¦ at call, money kMcIEdlm©as;bMNulGacTar ykvij)anPøam at par, share PaKh‘unEdlmantMélenA pSarh‘unesµIKñanwgtMélcuHelIsnøwkb½NÑPaKh‘un at sight draft rUbiyaNtþiRtUvsgR)ak;enA eBlbgðaj at sight, to pay sgR)ak;eBlbgðajÉksar ATM (automatic teller machine) m:asuInebIkR)ak;s½VyRbvtiþ attitude \riyabf
attorney 1> GaNtþiKahk ¬GñkTTYlGaNtþi¦ 2> tMNagkarBarkþI 3> emFavI attractive adj. Tak;Taj/ ~ prices éføTak;TajGtifiCn auction karedjéfø auction sale karlk;edjéfø audit n. & v. 1> svnkmµ/ external ~ svnkmµBIxageRkA/ internal ~ svnkmµépÞkñúg 2> eFVIsvnkmµ ¬Binitü¼Eqk bBa¢IKNenyü¦ auditing svnkmµ/ National Auditing Authority GaCJaFrsvnkmµCati/ ~ procedures nItiviFIsvnkmµ auditor svnkr ¬GñkRtYtBinitübBa¢I/ sñgkar KNenyü¦/ independent/external ~ svnkrÉkraCü auspices kar]btßmÖ/ under the ~ enAeRkam »vaT ¬sßab½n¦ austerity PaBt,itet,ót/ PaBtwgrwg/ tbkmµ autarchy GMNac¼RbeTskan;rbb pþac;kar autarky sV½yaFibetyü/ esdækic©m©as;kar xøÜnÉgpÞal;/ ¬minBwgEp¥kelI karnaMecj-naMcUl rW CMnYyesdækic©¦ authentic deed/act lixityfaPUt authenticate eFVInItüanukUlkmµ ¬bBa¢ak;faBit¦ authenticity yfaPaB authorised bank FnaKarmankarGnuBaØat/ FnaKarRbtiRsuti authorised capital edImTuncuHbBa¢I authoritarianism GMNacniym authority siT§iGMNac/ GaCJaFr/ rdæGMNac authorisation 1> esckþIGnuBaØat
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2> lixitGnuBaØat authorised representative tMNagman siT§iRbTan/ GaCJanukarI ¬tMNagmankarGnuBaØat¦ automatic teller machine (see ATM) m:asuInebIkR)ak;s½VyRbvtiþ automatic drawing right siT§idkR)ak;sV½yRbvtþi autonomous economic entity GgÁPaBesdækic©sVy½t autonomous enterprise shRKassVy½t autonomy sV½yPaB/ sVy½tPaB/ economic ~ sV½yPi)alesdækic© average mFüm/ ~ annual growth rate GRtakMeNInmFümRbcaMqñaM/ ~ cost tMél¼ éføedIm mFüm average collection period (ACP) ry³eBlRbmUlbMNulCamFüm avoidance, tax karecosvagBn§ award n. & v. 1> esckIþsMercrbs;GaCJa kNþal 2> rgVan; 3> pþl;rgVan;[/ ~ a contract RbKl;kic©snüa[ awareness kardwgsÁal;/ raise public ~ bMpuskaryl;dwgdl;saFarNCn B, b baccalaureate (degree) ¬sBaØab½Rt¦mFümsikSaTutiyPUmi bachelor’s degree fñak;briBaØab½Rt back eRkay/ xageRkay/ ~ interest karR)ak; minTan;sg/ ~ a bill cuHhtßelxaFanaelI
back out v. dkxøÜnecj/ ~ from a contract dkxøÜnecjBIkic©snüa back to back xñgTl;xñg/ ~ credit \NTanxñgTl;xñg back up v. KaMRT/ bBa¢ak;KaMRT/ ~ a claim bBa¢ak;KaMRTkarGHGag backbone infrastructure ehdæarcna sm<½n§q¥wgxñg ¬ehdæarcnasm<½n§eKal¦ backdate v. cuHbuerkalbriecäT/ cuHkalbriecäTGtItkal backer GñkbeBa©jedImTun/ GñkKaMRT background 1> Rbvtþi/ savta 2> épÞxageRkay
backing, financial karKaMRTxaghirBaØvtßú backlog kargarenAKrminTan;eFVI backup eRtombMrug
backwardness PaBGn;fy bad debt \NeTyüTarmin)an ¬xUc¦/ \NeTyüBi)akTar ¬Cab;sgS½y¦ bad faith GsT§a/ KMnitevocevr bad title b½NÐkmµsiT§iykCakarmin)an bad workmanship TwkédGn;/ kareFVImin )anl¥ ¬plitpl¦ bail R)ak;Fana ¬]> R)ak;bg;[tulakaredIm,I[ CnCab;ecaT)anenAeRkAXMu¦/ ~ bond b½NÑFana bail out v. 1> se®gÁaHRkumh‘unCYbkarlM)ak xaghirBaØvtßú 2> bg;R)ak;FanaxøÜn bailiff n. GaCJasala bail cover R)ak;Fana
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bailment karepJITuk ¬dak;TMnij[GñkepSg kan;kab; b:uEnþGñkenaHBMuEmnCam©as;kmµsiT§ieT¦ bait n. nuy/ use money as ~ eRbIluyCanuy balance n. 1> tulüPaB 2> smtulü/ credit/ debit ~ smtulü \NTayI¼ \Nayik/ closing ~ smtulücugRKa/ pay the ~ sgR)ak;CMBak;/ positive ~ smtulü viC¢man/ ~ on goods and services smtulüTMnijnigesva balance of payments CBa¢IgTUTat;/ ~ deficit/surplus »nPaB¼Gtierk CBa¢IgTUTat; balance of trade CBa¢IgBaNiC¢kmµ balance sheet taragtulükar/ off- ~ items xÞg;eRkAtaragtulükar/ ~ date éf¶ eFVItaragtulükar balance v. eFVIeGaymantulüPaB balance v. an account bUksrubKNnI balance v. the budget eFVItulükarfvika bale KIb/ eb ¬vtßúGVImYymancMnYneRcIndUcCa RkNat; Rkdas esµA>>> EdlcgCa dMu¼kNþab;¦ bank FnaKar/ central ~ FnaKarkNþal/ deposit money bank FnaKarTTYl R)ak;beBaØI/ national ~ FnaKarCati bank acceptance b½NÑTTYlRBmedayFnaKar bank account KNnIFnaKar bank book esovePAFnaKar/ esovePAepJI R)ak;enAFnaKar bank charge esah‘uyFnaKar bank clearing karTUTat;tamFnaKar bank deposit R)ak;beBaØIenAFnaKar bank draft rUbiyaNtþiFnaKar rW b½NÑFnaKar ¬lixitecjedayFnaKarbBa¢aeGayFnaKarmYy
eTotsgR)ak;eTAbuKÁlNamñak;¦ bank financing hirBaØb,TanFnaKar bank note RkdasR)ak; bank of deposit FnaKarTTYlR)ak;beBaØI bank reconciliation karepÞógpÞat;FnaKar ¬GgÁPaBsamIepÞógbBa¢Irbs;xøÜneTAnwgRbkas \NBn§¼\NTan rbs;FnaKar/ kargarenHEtg eFVIenAcugEx¦ bank reference TIsMGagbBa¢ak;BIxagFnaKar bank statement r)aykarN_¼Rbkas FnaKar/ sMrg;KNnIBIFnaKar bank transfer karepÞrR)ak;enAFnaKar bank v. dak;R)ak;enAFnaKar bank-credit guarantee scheme kmµviFIFana\NTanrbs;FnaKar banker FnaKarik banker’s draft (see bank draft) banking muxCMnYjFnaKar/ muxviC¢aFnaKar bankrupt kS½yFn/ FnkS½y/ niT§½n bankruptcy PaBkS½yFn/ niT§nPaB/ discharge in ~ karrYcputBIkarkS½yFn bar association KN³emFavI barefoot doctor RKUeBTüCnbT bargain and sale kic©snüaTij-lk; bargain v. téfø/ (free) collective bargaining karcrcaBIkartMelIgR)ak;QñÚl rvagnieyaCit nignieyaCk barrier r)aMg/ ]bsKÁ/ customs/tariff ~ r)aMgBn§Ky/ lift trade ~ dkr)aMgBaNiC¢kmµ/ non-tariff ~s ( NTBs) r)aMgminEmnBn§Ky barrister emFavI ¬Gg;eKøs¦
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barter karedaHdUrTMnijnigTMnij ¬karpøas;bþÚrTMnijedaymineRbIluy¦ base mUldæan/ exOn/ ~ level of consumption kMritmUldæanénkareRbIR)as; base rate GRtaeKal/ GRtamUldæan base year qñaMeKal baseline survey GegátCamUldæan basic CamUldæan/ ~ agreement kic©RBmeRBog CamUldæan/ ~ price éføeKal/ ~ research karRsavRCavCamUldæan basic commodities plitplksikmµ CamUldæan ¬ksiplFmµtaEdlpliteRcIn² dUcCaRsUv/ eBat>>>¦ basic discount GbhareKal ¬Gbhar FmµtaedayKµanbEnßmPaKryGVIeTot¦ basic human needs (BHN) tMrUvkarCa mUldæanrbs;mnusS basic salary/wage ebovtSr_eKal ¬ebovtSr_FmµtaedayKµanbUkR)ak;bEnßm¦ basin (Mekong River) Gag ¬TenøemKgÁ¦ basket n. k®nþk/ consumer ~ or
consumption ~ k®nþkTMnijeRbIR)as; batch LÚt_ ¬GIv:an;EdlplitenAeBlEtmYy¦/ ~ number elxLÚt_ BCC (business cooperation contract) kic©snüashRbtibtþikarBaNiC¢kmµ bear Gñklk;snøwkh‘un¼TMnij¼rUbiyvtßú Edl eCOfaGIv:an;eKnwgcuHéfø/ ~ market TIpSarEdl eKeCOfaGWv:an;nwgcuHéfø bear v. interest pþl;nUvkarR)ak; bearer Gñkkan;/ ~ cheque mUlb,Tanb½Rt
KµaneQµaH ¬elImUlb,Tanb½RtKµancuHeQµaH GñkRtUvebIkR)ak;eT KWfaGñkkan;mUlb,Tanb½Rt GacebIkR)ak;)an¦ bearer instrument/paper lixitUbkrN_ sMrab;Kahk beginning inventory sareBIP½NÐedIm qñaM¼RKa behave v. kan;criya behaviour Gakb,kiriya below cost TabCagéføedIm benchmark kMriteKal/ ~ survey GegáteKal benefactor ]bkarI ¬GñkTMnukbMrug/ Gñkp©úgepþIm¦ beneficiary GñkTTYlpl/ GtßKahk benefit GtßRbeyaCn_/ R)ak;]btßmÖ/ medical ~ R)ak;]btßmÖéføBüa)al benefit-cost ratio smaPaKplcMeNjeFobcMNay bequeath v. eFVIGc©½yTanCaclnvtßú bequest n. Gc©½yTanCaclnvtßú/ GMeNay tamry³mrtksasn_ best interest ]tþmRbeyaCn_ best-seller esovePAlk;dac;bMput biannual BIrdgkñúgmYyqñaM/ ~ monitoring karXøaMemIlBIrdgkñúgmYyqñaM bias lMeGog bid v. & n. 1> edjéfø 2> karedjéfø bilateral eTVPaKI/ ~ aid/assistance CMnYyeTVPaKI bill 1> vikáybRt 2> rUbiyaNtþi bill at sight vikáybRt¼rUbiyaNtþi RtUvsg enAeBlbgðaj bill in transit vikáybRt¼rUbiyaNtþi kMBugbBa¢Ún
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bill of entry RbtievTn_Ky ¬lixitRbkas bg;Bn§Ky¦ bill of lading (B/L) GBaØtb½NÑ rW GBaØtb½Rt/ lixitpÞúkTMnijnava/ b½NÑdwkCBa¢Ún TMnij/ direct ~ GBaØtb½NÑedaypÞal; bill payable vikáybRt¼rUbiyaNtþi RtUvsg bill sent for collection b½NÑepJI[RbmUlR)ak; bill/letter of exchange rUbiyaNtþi/ lixitpøas;bþÚr billion Ban;lan bin tag pøakFug bind v. cg/ mantMélGnuvtþ/ P¢ab;katBVkic© biodiversity CIv³cMruH biogas CIv]sµ½n biomass CIvm:as biosphere reserve, Tonle Sap zbnIyCIvmNÐlbwgTenøsab birth certificate sMbuRtkMeNIt birth rate GRtakMeNIt/ GRtaRbsUtikmµ birth spacing karBnüakMeNIt black market pSarggwt/ ~ price éføpSarggwt blacklist bBa¢IexµA blank enAs¥at/ minTan;sresr/ ~ cheque mUlb,Tanb½RtcMh ¬cuHhtßelxaehIy EtKµan cuHTwkR)ak; rW eQµaHGñkTTYl¦ blank endorsement carxñgcMh block bøúk block fund mUlniFipþúM blocked account KNnI bBaÄb;¼p¥ib ¬min[dkR)ak;ecj¦ blue-collar union shCIBhtßkr
board of directors RkumRbwkSaPi)al
board of inquiry KN³kmµkaresuIbGegát board of investment (BOI) RkumRbwkSavinieyaK
board of management RkumRbwkSaRKb;RKg boat TUk/ Clyan/ ~ log book esovePA skmµPaBClyan body xøÜn ¬mnusS>>>¦/ tY ¬rfynþ>>>¦/ ~ of rules and regulations GgÁc,ab; ¬nigbTb,BaØtþi¦ bona fide esµaHRtg;/ ~ purchaser GñkTijesµaHRtg; bond sBaØab½NÑ/ government/treasury ~ b½NÑrtnaKar/ bearer ~ sBaØab½NÑKµaneQµaH/ goods (held) in ~ TMnijrkSaTukenAXøaMgKy ¬rg;caMkarbg;Bn§¦/ mortgage ~ b½NÑniekçb ¬b½NÑbMNulmanvtßúbBa©aM¦/ take goods out of ~ bg;Bn§elITMnijedIm,IGacykvaecjBIXøaMgKy/ ~ yield TinñplsBaØab½NÑ ¬cMNUl)anBIsBaØab½NÑ KitCaPaKryénéføTijsBaØab½NѦ bonded warehouse XøaMgsþúkTMnijRKb; RKgedayPñak;garKy
bonus R)ak;bEnßm/ buBVlaP ¬]> R)ak;rgVan;¦/ cost of living ~ R)ak;bEnßmsMrab;RTRTg; CIvPaB/ incentive ~ R)ak;elIkTwkcitþ/ productivity ~ rgVan;plitkmµ book of investment esovePAbnÞúkén karvinieyaK book value (accounting) tMélkñúgbBa¢I/ tMélKNenyü bookkeeper Gñkkan;bBa¢I/ KNenyükr
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bookkeeping karcuHbBa¢IKNenyü/ single entry ~ karcuHbBa¢IÉkPaK/ double entry ~ karcuHbBa¢IeTVPaK books of accounts bBa¢IKNenyü boom v. rIkduHdaly:agrh½s/ ~ industry ]sSahkmµEdlrIkduHdalya:grh½s/ booming sector vis½ykMBugrIkduHdal boost v. CMruj/ rujeLIg booty C½yP½NÐ ¬rbs;EdldeNþImrWbøn;BIeK¦/ GcäinRTBü border price éføenARBMEdn borrow v. x©I¼sMux©I/ borrowed reserves R)ak;bMrug)anx©I ¬EdlFnaKarnana)anx©IBI FnaKarkNþal¦ borrower Gñkx©I/ \Nvnþ borrowings karx©Ibul boss n. bri)al/ ecAhVay/ GñkRtYtRta/ bossy EdlcUlcitþRtYtRtaeK BOT (build, operate, transfer) sagsg;-GaCIvkmµ-epÞr botany n. PUtKamsaRsþ ¬karsikSaBIrukçCati¦ bottleneck PaBraMgsÞH/ PaBkkkuj bottom out v. cuHTabbMput ¬RbEhlminGacFøak;cuHeToteT¦ bottom-up BIeRkameLIgelI/ ~ development karGPivDÆn_BIeRkameLIgelI bourgeois KhbtI bourgeoisie or middle class vNѳKhbtI b¤ vNѳkNþal boycott Bhikar ¬karRbqaMgedayminRBmTij minRBmcUlrYm>>>¦ brain drain kar)at;bg;GñkmanCMnaj
brainstorming karBiPakSabMpusKMnit branch (of a company) saxa ¬Rkumh‘un¦ brand sBaØa/ sBaØasMKal;/ rUb/ m:ak ¬TMnij¦ brand name eQµaHBaNiC¢kmµ/ yIeha breach of contract karelµIskic©snüa breach of discipline karelµIsvin½y breakages GIv:an;)ak;Ebk ¬minrab;CaRTBü skmµeTenAeBleFVIsareBIP½NЦ break-even point cMNucrYcedIm breakthrough karTMlayPaBTal;Rck bribe v. & n. 1> sUk 2> sMNUk/ take a ~ sIusMNUk bridging loan kMcIry³eBlxøI ¬sMrab;Tij pÞHfµI enAeBllk;pÞHcas;minTan;dac;¦ broadcast v. pSBVpSay ¬tamviTüú/ TUrTsSn_>>>¦ brochure n. esovePAesþIg/ kUnesovePA pSBVpSay broker eCIgsarCMnYj/ KYkeC brokerage 1> kMéreCIgsar 2> kargareCIgsar brought forward (accounting) eyagmk bring in (assets as investment) eFVI]bharit/ ykcUl budget fvika/ ~ control karRtYtBinitü fvika/ ~ credit \NTanfvika/ ~ fund mUlniFifvika/ ~ prices éføTab² buffer RTnab;/ ~ zone tMbn;RTnab; buffer stock sþúksMrab;Tb;karERbRbYl ¬éfø/ karpÁt;pÁg;>>¦/ ~ facility (BSF) ]bkrN_sMrYlsMrab;Tb;snñiFi built-in stabilisers ktþaeFVIeGayman sßirPaBCasV½yRbvtþi bulk buying karTijduM
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bulk order bBa¢aTijdMu bull Gñklk;snøwkh‘un¼TMnij>>>EdleCOfa muxGIv:an;eKnwgeLIgéfø bull market TIpSarEdleKeCOfaGIv:an;nwgeLIgéføbulletin 1> RBwtþib½Rt/ 2> esckþIRbkasCapøÚvkar ¬BIerOgsMxan;GVImYy¦ burden bnÞúk/ ~ of proof bnÞúkPsþútag/ tax ~ bnÞúkBn§ bureau kariyal½y/ employment ~ kariyal½ykargar bureaucracy kariyaFibetyü bureaucrat kariyaelxanukar/ GñkeFVIkar kariyal½y business Furkic©/ GaCIvkmµ/ kic©karCMnYj/ karrksuI/ ~ card namb½NÑ business cooperation contract (BCC) kic©snüashRbtibtþikarBaNiC¢kmµ business format franchising karpþl;siT§ieGayrksIupþac;muxtamEbbbTeK business licence tax ¬Bn§¦ )a:tg; business name namkrN_GaCIvkmµ business undertaking kareFVIkic©karCMnYj businessman/woman GaCIvkr/ FurCn buy v. Tij/ ~ back Tijykvij/ ~ time BnüaeGay)anyUr buyer’s price éføGnueRKaHdl;GñkTij buying order karbBa¢aTij buying power GMNacTij by-election kare)aHeqñateLIgvij bylaws (see also articles of association) c,ab;bEnßm ¬RbcaMtMbn;¦/ bTbBa¢aépÞkñúg
by-product plitplbnÞab;bnSM/ nisSnÞvtßú C, c cabinet xuTÞkal½y/ political ~ KN³rdæm®nþI cable transfer karepÞrR)ak;edayTUrKmn_ cadastre surieyadI cadre Rkbx½NÐ/ public ~ Rkbx½NÐ m®nþIraCkar/ ~ of administrative agent Rkbx½NÐPñak;garrdæ)al calculus KNnaGtüaNU calendar RbtiTin/ ~ year qñaMRbtiTin call deposit R)ak;beBaØIcrnþ call loan/money \NTanKµankalkMNt; ¬RtUvsgvijenAeBleKTar¦ called-up capital mUlFn)anehA ¬)anbg;cUlRkumh‘unehIy¦ campaign yuT§nakar/ sales ~ yuT§nakarlk;dUr cancel v. lubecal/ ~ an entry bdiesF elxna ¬KNenyü¦/ ~ an order lubecal karbBa¢aTij cancellation karlubecal canvass 1> sÞabsÞg; ¬mti¦ 2> eXasnaTak;TajkarKaMRT capability smtßPaB ¬eFVIGVImYy¦ capacity 1> smtßPaB/ earning ~ smtßPaBrkR)ak;/ in a legal ~ kñúgsmtßPaB tampøÚvc,ab;/ load-carrying ~ smtßPaBpÞúk ¬GIv:an;¦/ production ~ smtßPaBplit 2> cMNuH
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capital mUlFn/ Tun/ authorised ~mUlFn Edl)anGnuBaØat/ paid in ~ mUlFnEdl )anbg;/ ~ accumulation smac½yTun capital account KNnI mUlFn¼Tun capital adequacy ratio smaPaKsm lµménmUlFn capital amortisation rMls;mUlFn capital asset RTBümUlFn/ RTBüskmµCab;lab; capital assistance kar]btßmÖTun capital contributor GñkcUlh‘un/ PaKTunik³ capital endowment edImTunEdlRtUvbg; capital expenditure/investment/
outlay cMNayelIRTBümUlFn/ vinieyaK capital expense cMNayCamUlFn capital gains (accounting) tMélelIs capital goods TMnij mUlFn¼CaTun ¬TMnijsMrab;plitTMnijepSg²eTot¦ capital intensive RbBlvb,kmµedImTun ¬EdleRbITun¼m:asIuneRcIn¦ capital levy Bn§elIRTBübuKÁl capital loss (accounting) tMélxVH capital market pSarTun capital movement clnaTun/ karepÞrTun capital productivity plitPaBénTun capital reserves TunbMrug capital revenue cMNUlCamUlFn capital, authorised TunGtibrimaEdlRtUv )anGnuBaØat[manenAkñúgRkumh‘un/ TuncuHbBa¢I capital, frozen mUlFnpw¥¥b capital, risk (venture capital) TunvinieyaKpSgeRKaHfñak; capital, working TunbgVil/
mUlFnRbkbkar capitalism mUlFnniym capitalist mUlFnik/ nayTun capitalisation mUlFnPavUnIykmµ capitalise v. eqøótykcMeNj/ qk;»kas/ mUlFnkmµ captive market TIpSarpþac;mux card b½NÐ/ sMbuRt/ business ~ namb½NÑ ¬GaCIvkmµ¦/ cash ~ b½NÑsac;R)ak;/ cheque ~ mUlb,Tanb½NÑ/ credit ~ b½NÑ\NTan/ identity ~ GtþsBaØaNb½NÑ career GaCIB caretaker (of a motor vehicle) Gñkkan; kab;EfTaM ¬]> yanynþ¦/ ~ government rdæaPi)alsMrab;RKb;RKgbeNþaHGasnñ cargo navaPNÐ/ TMnijdwktamnava/ nava ¬dwkTMnij¦/ ~ documents ÉksarsMrab; kardwkCBa¢ÚnTMnij cargo list bBa¢ITMnijdwkCBa¢Ún cargo outturn report r)aykarN_erITMnij carriage forward éfødwkCBa¢Únbg;eday GñkTTYl carriage paid éfødwkCBa¢Únbg;edayGñkepJI carried forward (accounting) eyageTA ¬]> eyageTATMB½rmYyeTotnUvtYelxbUksrubcug snøwkbBa¢IKNenyü¦ carrying value (accounting) tMélkñúgbBa¢I/ tMélKNenyü cartel n. karEtl/ shRkumh‘un case study karsikSakrNI ¬rW krNIsikSa¦ cash 1> ebLa ¬RkdasR)ak; + R)ak;kak;¦ 2> sac;R)ak; ¬ebLa + FnaKar¦/ ~ substitute
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CMnYssac;R)ak; 3> rtnvtßú ¬KNenyü¦ cash account 1>KNnIebLa 2>KNnIrtnvtßú cash advance R)ak;buerRbTan ¬R)ak;ebIkmun¦ cash against document (CAD) RbKl;R)ak;eBl)anTTYlÉksar cash book (CB) n. bBa¢IR)ak;ecjcUl cash budget EpnkarcMNUlcMNaysac;R)ak; cash credit \NTansac;R)ak; cash crop dMNaMlk;ykR)ak; cash discount karlk;cuHéføtamkarbg;Ca sac;R)ak; cash down sale karlk;ykR)ak;Pøam ¬Casac;R)ak; rW mUlb,Tanb½Rt b:uEnþminyk b½NÑ\NTaneT¦ cash economy esdækic©eRbIR)ak;kas cash flow lMhUrsac;R)ak;/ ~ analysis karviPaKlMhUrsac;R)ak;/ ~ statement r)aykarN_lMhUrsac;R)ak; cash in on eqøótykcMeNjBIelI cash in hand (GB), cash on hand (US) sac;R)ak;kñúg ebLa¼éd/ ebLa cash in/with bank sac;R)ak;enAFnaKar cash on delivery (COD) RbKl;TMnij RbKl;R)ak;/ bg;R)ak;eBlTTYlTMnij cash over and short R)ak;elIsxVH ¬bnþicbnþÜckñúgebLa¦ cash paid book esovePAsgR)ak; cash price éfølk; ¬efak¦ Kittamkarbg; Casac;R)ak; cash rebate cMnYncuHéføeGaytamkarbg;Ca
cash reserves sac;R)ak;bMrug cash voucher b½NÑcMNayebLa cash with order (CWO) bg;R)ak;eBl bBa¢aTij cash-disbursement book esovePA cMNayR)ak; cashier ebLakr/ ebLaFikar cash-receipt book esovePAcMNUlR)ak; casting vote sMelg]tþmanuPaB ¬e)aHeqñat¦ casual labourer BlkrGENþt ¬ry³eBlxøI¦ casualty at sea mhnþrayenAsmuRT cataclysm n. mhavinas catalogue kataLúk ¬esovePAbgðaj rUb¼vtßú epSg²¦ catalyst katalIkr/ ~ role tYnaTICakatalIkr ¬bnSúI/ CMruj¦ catchment area EdnrgTwkePøóg catalyse v. bnSúI ¬Kña¦/ BenøÓn categorisation of goods karkMNt; RbePTTMnij category RbePT/ BYk/ Epñk causal sehtu ¬EdlR)ab;BIkarTak;Tgehtu nigpl¦ CD-ROM suIDIr:m ceiling price éføGtibrma/ éføx<s;bMput celebrity n. Gñkl,IeQµaH census 1> karCMerOn ¬RbCaCn¦/ ~ sample KMrUtagCMerOn/
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2> r)ab; ¬karrab;¦ census-enumeration area tMbn;rab; bBa©ÚlCMerOn central kNþal/ mCÄwm/ ~ administration rdæ)al mCÄwm¼kNþal central bank FnaKarkNþal centralisation mCÄkar centralised eFVImCÄkar/ ~ economy esdækic©mCÄkar/ ~ record kMNt;RtamCÄkar/ ~ system RbB½n§mCÄkar centrally planned economy esdækic© EpnkarRbmUlpþúM ceramics kulalPaCn_/ ceramic product plitplkulalPaCn_ certificate viBaØabnb½Rt/ ~ of approval lixitGnuBaØat/ ~ of processing viBaØabnb½Rt bBa¢ak;plitkmµ/ ~ of deposit viBaØabnb½Rt beBaØI¼ epJIR)ak;/ ~ of origin viBaØabnb½Rt RbPBedImTMnij/ ~ of quality viBaØabnb½Rt bBa¢ak;KuNPaB/ ~ of quarantine viBaØabnb½Rt BinitüeraKqøg/ ~ of registration viBaØabnb½Rt Gnusidæ/ ~ of weight viBaØabnb½RtTMgn; certified cheque mUlb,Tanb½Rtr:ab;rg edayFnaKar rWmUlb,TanbR½tFanacMNay certified public accountant (US) KNenyükrrdæTTYlsÁal; cessation karQb;/ ~ of business karbBaÄb;GaCIvkmµ cession n. Gnub,Tan/ karRbKl;eGay ¬]> kat;eGayeTAm©as;bMNul¦ ceteris paribus (other things being equal) GVIepSgeTotenAdEdl
chairman RbFan/ ~ of the meeting RbFanGgÁRbCMu/ GFibtI challenge bBaðaRbQm chamber of commerce sPaBaNiC¢kmµ chance of selection P½BVénCMerIs change 1> bMErbMrYl/ karpøas;bþÚr/ sm,rivtþn_/ 2> R)ak;Gab;/ ~ fund R)ak;Gab; channel Rck chaos PaBRcbUkRcbl; chapter CMBUk character crit charge bnÞúk/ bnÞúkcMNay/ éfø ¬RtUvbg;¦ charge v. a commission ykkMéreCIgsar charge/credit account KNnIeCO ¬GtifiCnGacykrbs;EdlxøÜnTij edaybg; R)ak;TUTat;smtulüKNnIenAéf¶eRkay¦ charges, overhead bnÞúkcMNayTUeTA charity sb,úrsFm’/ kuslkic© chart tarag/ KMnUssißti/ EpnTI/ BinÞúerxIy/ bøg;/ organisation ~ GgÁkarelx/ sale ~ KMnUs taglk;/ ~ of accounts taragKNnI/ ~ of general accounting bøg;KNenyüTUeTA charter 1> FmµnuBaØ 2> lkçnþik³ (US) charter plane ynþehaHCYldwkBiess ¬eCIgehaHehIrmineTogTat;¦ chattel mortgage (US) karbBa©aMRTBü sm,tþipÞal;xøÜn check karRtYtemIl/ karEqkeqr/ ]bsKÁ/ karbg¥g;/ put a ~ on imports bg¥g;karnaMcUl check v. the accounts BinitüKNnI checkoff RbB½n§kat;R)ak;dak;shCIBeday nieyaCk
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checks and balances karRtYtemIl nig føwgGMNac cheque mUlb,Tanb½Rt/ bouncing/dud/ rubber ~ mUlb,Tanb½RtKµanR)ak; ¬RKb;RKan; kñúgKNnI¦/ blank ~ mUlb,Tanb½RtcMh/ cash a ~ ebIkR)ak;elImUlb,Tanb½Rt/ crossed ~ mUlb,TanbR½tqUt ¬eRbIsMrab;EtbBa©ÚlR)ak;kñúg KNnI¦/ dishonoured ~ mUlb,TanbR½tKµan R)ak;kñúgKNnI/ traveller’s ~ mUlb,Tanb½Rt eTscrN_¼eFVIdMeNIr/ open/ uncrossed ~ mUlb,TanbR½t\tmanqUt ¬bBa©ÚlR)ak;kñúgKNnI k¾)an ebIkR)ak;k¾)an¦/ ~ book esovePA mUlb,TanbR½t/ ~ to bearer mUlb,Tanb½Rt KµaneQµaH/ ~ crossed specially mUlb,TanbR½t qUtBiess ¬Ca mUlb,Tanb½RtEdlbBa¢ak;lMGit bEnßmnUvlkçxNÐ epSg²dUcCa eQµaHFnaKarrbs; GñkTTYlCaedIm¦/ ~ stubs Kl;mUlb,TanbR½t/ ~ voucher b½NÑcMNaymUlb,Tanb½Rt chronic ruaMér:/ ~ unemployment PaBGt; kargareFVIraMuér: chronological order tamlMdab;éf¶Ex/ lMdab;erogtamkal CIF (cost, insurance, freight) éføTMnijbUkéføFanar:ab;rgbUkéfødwkCBa¢Ún circular saracr circular adj. EdlepJIeTAbuKÁlCaeRcIn/ ~ letter of credit b½NÐ\NTanepJIeTARKb;saxa ¬énFnaKarEdlecjva¦ circular systematic sampling karykKMrUtagCaRbB½n§vil circulating capital TunbgVil
circulation cracr/ ~ of capital cracr¼ karbgVil Tun/ ~ of goods cracrTMnij citizen Blrdæ civics viC¢anaTIBlrdæ/ elaknIti civil suIvil/ ~ disobedience karbdiesF c,ab;rdæ/ ~ law c,ab;rdæb,evNI/ ~ liberty esrIPaBénBlrdæ/ ~ servant m®nþIraCkarsuIvil ¬tamFmµtaminrab;bBa©ÚlTahaneT¦/ ~ society sgÁmsuIvil civil status GRtanukUldæan/ ~ book esovePAGRtanukUldæan/ certificate of ~ sMbuRtGRtanukUldæan civilian n. & adj. 1> CnsuIvil 2>énCnsuIvil claim 1> \NeTyü ¬R)ak;eKCMBak;¦/ ~ on the government \NeTyüelIrdæaPi)al 2> kar tv:a¼TamTar 3> karGHGag claim v. compensation TamTarsMNg karxUcxat¼R)ak;b:Hb:Uv claimant GñkTamTar/ edImecaT clarify v. bMPøW class 1> fñak;/ vNѳ/ social ~ vNѳsgÁm/ economy/business/first ~ fñak;eGkUnUmI¼ CMnYj¼elxmYy ¬fñak;ekAGIynþehaHdwk GñkdMeNIr¦ classical Ebbkøasuik/ ~ view TsSn³Ebb køasuik/ ~ economics viTüasaRsþesdækic©køasIuk classification cMNat;fñak;/ system of ~ RbB½n§eFVIcMNat;fñak; classify v. cat;fñak;/ eFVIcMNat;fñak; clause 1> lkçxNÐ/ ~ of a contract
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lkçxNÐénkic©snüa/ 2> x ¬]> xTI1/ xTI2>>>¦/ special ~ xviessénc,ab;/ terminate ~ x bBa©b;kic©snüa claw back v. R)ak;dkykmkvij clean adj. s¥at/ ~ development mechanism ynþkarGPivDÆn_s¥ats¥M clean bill of health viBaØabnb½RtbBa¢ak; suxPaBl¥ clean bill of lading b½NÑpÞúkTMnij RtwmRtUv ¬KµankMNt;RtaBITMnijxus¼xUceT¦ clean collection EbbEpnTUTat;BaNiC¢kmµ KµanP¢ab;Éksar ¬KWeyagelIlixitCMBak;R)ak; b¤mUlb,TanbR½tEdleFVItamry³FnaKar¦ clear v. a cheque dak;mUlb,Tanb½Rt eGayRbB½n§FnaKarcat;karepÞrR)ak; clear v. goods through customs bMeBjEbbbTKy ¬edIm,InaMcUl b¤naMecjTMnij¦ clear profit R)ak;cMeNjsuT§ clearance certificate b½NÑRtYtBinitürbs;Ky clearance inwards TMnijEdlKyXat;Tuk clearance outwards TMnijEdlputBIKyBinitü clearance sale karlk;LayLúgbegðIysþúk clearing account KNnIpat;Tat; clearing bank FnaKarTUTat; clearing house (banking) sPapat;Tat; clearing the arrears eFVIkarTUTat;R)ak; EdlBMuTan;)ansg clerk esµón/ bank ~ buKÁlikFnaKar clientele n. Gtifita ¬GtifiCnTaMgGs; rbs;hagNamYy¦ clinic KøInik
close v. an account biTKNnI ¬eFVI[KNnImansmtulüsUnü¦ close company Rkumh‘unbiTCit ¬Gñkkan;kab;PaKh‘unmanticnak;Nas;¦ closed economy esdækic©biTCit ¬rdæRtYtRtatwgruwgelIBaNiC¢kmµ nighirBaØvtßú¦ closing entries elxnabiTbBa¢I closing price éføTMnijeBlehobbiThag closing rate GRtabiT ¬GRtabþÚrR)ak;eBlbiTRbtibtþikarRbcaMéf¶¦ closing the books karbiTbBa¢I club køib/ regional industry ~ køib ]sSahkmµtMbn; cluster kBa©úM clustering of elements smasFaturYmCakBa©úM coaching karbgVwk/ karbgðat; co-chair shRbFan co-creditor n. sh\NTayk code Rkm/ commercial ~ RkmBaNiC¢kmµ/ ~ of conduct/ethics RkmsIlFm’ code kUd/ elxkUd co-defendant shcugecaT coding kardak;elxkUd coefficient of variation emKuNbMErbMrYl cognitive level kMrityl;dwg coherence PaBrlUn/ PaBsuIKña cohesion karrYmsM)ac;/ karrYbrYmKña/ siniT§Bl ¬kMlaMgpSarP¢ab;Kña¦ coin n. & v. 1>R)ak;kas 2>e)aHR)ak;kas coincidence n. karKab;CYn/ Ékb,harPaB collaboration kic©shkar collate v. 1> RbmUlB½t’manmkBinitü
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eRbobeFob 2> erobcMtamlMdab; ¬Éksar¦ collateral loan kMcImanrbs; bBa©aM¼dak;Fana collateral vtßú bBa©aM¼dak;Fana/ sc©karP½NÐ colleague shesvik collect v. payment Tar ¬RbmUlR)ak;¦ collecting agent/bank Pñak;gar¼FnaKar RbmUlR)ak; collecting charges esah‘uyCYyRbmUlR)ak; collection smuc©½y/ karRbmUl/ karTar/ debt ~ agency TIPñak;garTarbMNul/ ~ of stamps karsnSMTukEtm/ debit ~ karRbmUlbMNul collective CasmUhPaB/ rYm/ ~ bargaining karcrcarCa rYm¼smUhPaB/ ~ farm ksidæanrYm/ shkrN_ksikr/ ~ ownership kmµsiT§irYm/ ~ work sñaédCasmUhPaB collectivity smUhPaB collectivisation smUhPavUbnIykmµ collector n. GñkRbmUl/ farm produce ~ GñkRbmUlTijplitplksikmµ/ money ~ GñkRbmUlR)ak; column xÞg;/ xÞg;bBaÄr ¬tarag¦ combine KYbpSM/ lay/ ~ business and pleasure KYbpSMCamYyKñanUvBaNiC¢kmµ nigkarkMsanþ combustion n. cMehH ¬kareqH¦ come v. into effect/force cUlCaFrman come v. into line RBmeRBogCamYyKña come v. to an agreement QaneTAdl; kic©RBmeRBog comfort pasukPaB/ letter of ~ lixitKaMRT RKwHsßansaxa ¬kñúgkarrkx©IR)ak;¦
commerce BaNiC¢kmµ
commercial BaNiC¢/ énBaNiC¢kmµ/ non ~ bank FnaKarGBaNiC¢/ ~ aircraft ynþehaH CMnYj ¬dwkGñkdMeNIr rWTMnij¦/ ~ attaché GnuB½n§BaNiC¢kmµ/ ~ bank FnaKarBaNiC¢/ ~ bill rUbiyaNtþi/ ~ court tulakarBaNiC¢kmµ/ ~ credit \NTanBaNiC¢kmµ/ ~ dealing esdæBaNiC¢kmµ/ ~ enterprise shRKas BaNiC¢kmµ/ ~ impracticability GRbtibtiþPaB BaNiC©kmµ/ ~ invoice vikáybRtBaNiC¢kmµ/ ~ paper RkdassñamBaNiC¢kmµ/ lixitTTYl CMBak;/ ~ port kMBg;EpBaNiC¢kmµ/ ~ register bBa¢IBaNiC¢kmµ/ ~ traveller tMNagBaNiC¢kmµ/ ~ usage TMenomTMlab;BaNiC¢kmµ commercialisation BaNiC¢PavUbnIykmµ commercialise v. eFVIBaNiC¢PavUbnIykmµ commission 1> kMéreCIgsar/ ~ agent Pñak;garTTYlkMéreCIgsar/ ~ buyer/seller Pñak;gartMNag Tij¼lk;/ ~ sale karlk;yk kMéreCIgsar 2> KN³kmµkar commitment karebþCJa ¬karsnüadac;Nat;¦ committed credit (state budget) \NTanP¢ab;snüa ¬fvikardæ¦ committee KN³kmµaFikar/ standing ~ KN³kmµaFikarGcié®nþy_/ ~ of inspection KN³kmµaFikarRtYtBinitü/ steering ~ KN³kmµaFikar dwknaMkargar¼nayk commodity plitpl ¬EdleKlk;¼Tij eRcIn²CaBiess vtßúFatuedIm niges,óg¦/ ~ accounts KNnIplitpl Common Effective Preferential
Tariff (CEPT) taragGnueRKaHBn§Kyman
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RbsiT§iPaBrYm common property resources (CPR) FnFanRTBürYm common sense suPnicä½½y common stock PaKh‘unsamBaØ commonwealth shFn ¬RkumrdæFøab; enAkñúgcRkPBGg;eKøs¦/ ~ of independent states shFnrdæÉkraCü communication karR)aRs½yTak;Tg/ ~ of information KmnaKmn_B½t’man communist adj. kumµúynisþ community property RTBürYmsM)ac; bþIRbBn§ ¬Cam©as;rYmKña¦ company Rkumh‘un/ affiliated (or associated) ~ Rkumh‘unbuRtsm<½næ/ joint stock ~ Rkumh‘unGanamik/ limited liability ~ Rkumh‘unTTYlxusRtUvmanx½NÐsIma/ ~ union shPaBRkumh‘un/ subsidiary ~ Rkumh‘unsaxa/ unlimited ~ Rkumh‘unTTYlxusRtUvKµankMNt;/ ~ promoter sßabnikRkumh‘un/ trading ~ Rkumh‘unBaNiC¢kmµ/ ~ies act c,ab;Rkumh‘un comparative advantage ]tþmPaB eRbobeFob compatibility smitPaB ¬PaBcUlKñacuH¦ compatriot CnrYmCati compensating errors el¥ógb:Hb:UvKña compensation karb:Hb:Uv/ sMNg compensatory financing facility (CFF) ]bkrN_sMrYlsMrab;b:Hb:UvxaghirBaØvtßú compete v. RbkYtRbECg competent adj. mansmtßkic©/ mansmtßPaB/ ~ authority GaCJaFrman
smtßkic©/ ~ party PaKImansmtßkic© competing lines muxTMnijRbkYtRbECg competition karRbkYtRbECg/ sarmÖ/ free ~ karRbkYtRbECgesrI competitive EdlRbECg/ ~ advantage ]tþmPaBRbECg/ ~ examination karRblgRbECg/ ~ market pSarRbkYtRbECg/ ~ price éføRbkYtRbECg competitiveness PaBRbkYtRbECg/ PaBedjeCIgKña competitor GñkRbECg ¬éfø/ TIpSar>>¦ compile v. cgRkg complain v. t¥ÚjEt¥r/ tv:a complainant Gñkbþwgtv:a complaint bNþwg/ BakübNþwg complementary EdlbMeBj[KñaeTAmk completion karbBa©b;/ karbegðIy/ ~ of a contract karbBa©b;kic©snüa complex adj. misSPaK ¬sµúKsµaj¦ superiority ~ esyümanH/ inferiority ~ hInmanH/ complexity misSPaB complex business plan bøg;GaCIvkmµ sµúKsµaj complex multi-stage design bøg;eRcIn dMNak;minsamBaØ complexity PaBsµúKsµaj/ PaBsaMjúaM compliance with, in RsbCamYy complicate v. eFVIeGaysµúKsµaj complicity karcUléd complimentary 1> EdlsesIr 2> EdleGayTeT ¬\tKitéfø¦ comply Rbtibtþitam/ eFVItam
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component smasPaK/ FatupSM composition smasPaB compound entry elxnapÁúM ¬elxnamaneRbIcab;BIbIKNnIeLIgeTA¦ compound growth vDÆnPaBsmas compound interest karR)ak;smas comprehensive adj. RKb;RCugeRCay/ TUlMTUlay/ ~ analysis karviPaKRKb;RCugeRCay compromise karRsuHRsYl comptroller GñkRtYtBinitüxaghirBaØvtßú compulsory CakatBVkic©/ Edlxanmin)an/ ~ inspection GFikarkic©CakatBVkic© computable EdlGacKNna)an computer virus vIrus¼visaNU kMuBüÚT½r comrade n. smmitþ/ shCIvin/ BYkm:ak conceal v. lak;elom concealment karlak;elom concentration karRbmUlpþúM/ land ~ karRbmUlpþúMdIFøI/ ~ level of a substance kMritkMhab;énsarFatu concept eKalKMnit/ TsSnaTan conception TsSnaTan
conceptual error el¥ógEpñkTsSnaTan conceptualise v. KitKUrbegáItfµI concern kgVl;/ RBYy)armÖ/ business ~ RKwHsßan ¬CMnYj¦/ his business is a going ~ muxCMnYjrbs;Kat;kMBugdMeNIrkareTAmux ¬nigmancMeNj¦
concerned EdlBak;B½n§/ ~ ministry RksYgBak;B½n§ concert, act in v. eFVIskmµPaBrYmKña
¬edIm,IsMerceKaledAGVImYy¦ concerted economic action skmµPaB esdækic©manvKÁmanesñI concession sm,Tan/ forest ~ sm,Tan éRBeQI/ ~ holder sm,Tanik/ social land ~ sm,TandIsgÁmkic©/ price ~ sm,Tanéfø concessionaire sm,Tanik/ forest ~ éRBsm,Tanik concessional, concessionary Edl pþl;sm,Tan¼GnueRKaH/ ~ loan kMcIpþl; sm,Tan/ ~ terms lkçxNÐsm,Tan conciliate v. pSHpSa conclusion n. snñidæan/ Gvsankfa ¬PaKbBa©b;énr)aykarN_¦ concrete measure viFankarCak;Esþg concurrence 1> karyl;RBm/ karÉkPaB 2>karekItdMNalKña ¬RBwtþikarN_¦ condition lkçxNÐ/ working ~ lkçxNÐ eFVIkargar/ ~ precedent lkçxNÐbegáIt katBVkic©/ ~ subsequent lkçxNÐbBa©b; katBVkic© conditional edaymanlkçxNÐ/ ~ acceptance karTTYlRBmedaymanlkçxNÐ conditionality PaBmanlkçxNÐ conducive to GMeNaypldl; conduct kiriyamayaT/ karRbRBwtþi¬xøÜn¦ conduct v. & n. 1> dwknaM/ eFVI/ dMeNIrkar 2> ~ of business kic©dMeNIrkareFVIGaCIvkmµ conference snñisIT confession n. karsarPaB/ sc©avIkrN_ confidential sMgat;
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confirmation karbBa¢ak;/ ~ of order karbBa¢ak;nUvkarbBa¢aTij/ ~ of price karbBa¢ak;éfø confirmed letter of credit sar\NTanGnusiT§i confirming bank FnaKarbBa¢ak; confiscate rwbGUs ¬ykRTBü¦/ dkhUt conflict TMnas;/ ~ of interest TMnas;pl RbeyaCn_ confrontation n. karRbTl;muxKña/ smµúxIkmµ/ ~ meeting karRbCMuTl;muxKña confusing RcLMbl;/ gayP½nþRcLM confusion karP½nþRcLM/ karRcLMbl;/ karRcbUkRcbl; conglomerate Rkumh‘unBhuplitpl conscience mnsikar conscientious Edlmanmnsikar/ Edlyk citþTukdak; consensus karmUlmti/ kugsg;s‘us consent v. & n. 1> RBm 2> karyl;RBm consequential EdlCavi)ak conservation GPirkS/karrkSa/ ~ of nature GPirkSFmµCati/ soil ~ GPirkSdI conservative adj. GPirkS consideration karBicarNa/ under ~ kMBug BinitüBicarNa consignee GñkTTYlTMnij consignee’s account, all charges to ral;esah‘uycMNayCabnÞúkrbs;GñkTTYlTMnij consignment n. 1> karbBa¢ÚnTMnij/ ~ note lixitbBa¢ÚnTMnij 2> GIv:an;mYyRkum ¬]>mYykugtWn½r¦EdlbBa¢ÚneTA consignor GñkbBa¢ÚnTMnij
consistency 1> sgÁtPaB/ PaBsuIKña 2> PaBminpøas;bþÚr consolidated (information) ¬B½t’man¦ Rc)ac;bBa©ÚlKña consolidated balance sheet tarag tulükarsrub¬bUkcUlEfmnUvbuRtsm<½n§>>>¦ consolidation of balance sheets karRc)ac;bBa©ÚlKñanUvtaragtulükar consortium kugs½rsüÚm/ smaKm conspiracy n. karKitk,t;/ shk,d ¬karrYmKMnitk,t;¦ constant efr/ ~ price éføefr constituency mCÄdæanGñkKaMRT/ mNÐle)aHeqñat constitution rdæFmµnuBaØ Constitutional Council RkumRbwkSaFmµnuBaØ constitutionality FmµnuBaØPaB constraint kMhit ¬]bsKÁ¦ constructive CalkçN³ksag/ ~ criticism karTietonCalkçN³ksag consultancy karpþl;eyabl;ÉkeTs consultant GñkBieRKaHeyabl; consultation karBieRKaHeyabl; Consultative Group (CG) RkumBieRKaHeyabl; consumables vtßúFatueRbIR)as; consume v. eRbIR)as; ¬es,ógGahar/ \n§n³>>>¦ consumer GñkeRbIR)as;/ ~ basket k®nþk TMnijeRbIR)as;/ ~ credit \NTansMrab;Tij TMnijeRbIR)as;/ ~ goods TMnijeRbIR)as;/ ~ price éføTMnijeRbIR)as; ¬éfølk;ray¦/ ~ price index (CPI) snÞsSn_éføTMnijeRbI R)as;/ ~ surplus plcMeNjénGñkeRbIR)as;
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consumption kareRbIR)as;/ ~ expenditurescMNayeRbIR)as;/ home (domestic) ~ kareRbI R)as;kñúgRsuk/ ~ curve ExSekageRbIR)as; contact karCYbTak;Tg/ ~ person mnusS sMrab;CYbTak;Tg container kugtWn½r ¬pÞúkTMnij¦ contemporary shkal/ shsm½y contempt karemIlgay/ ~ of court karRbmaftulakar content 1> xøwmsar 2> matika contest n. karRbECg/ karRbkYt/ ~ a decision CMTas;tva:nwgesckþIsMerc context bribT/ brikarN_ contingency yfaPaB/ kar\tRBagTuk/ ~ beneficiary GtßKahkCayfaehtu/ ~ plan EpnkarTukGnuvtþCayfaehtu contingent adj. GaRs½yelI ¬RBwtþikarN_GVI mYyEdlGacekIteLIg rWminekIteLIg¦/ Gnimitþ continuity nirnþrPaB continuous adj. bnþrhUt/ bnþCab; contra account KNnIbdiPaK contra entry elxnabRBa©as ¬edIm,IlubecalnUvelxnamun¦ contraband TMnijrt;Bn§ contraception karbgáarkMeNIt contract kic©snüa/ ~ of insurance kic©snüaFanar:ab;rg/ ~ of sale kic©snüalk;/ ~ of work kic©snüakargar contract (public) employee buKÁlik¬rdæ¦Cab;kic©snüa contract law c,ab;kic©snüa
contract v. out of an agreement dk b¤ lubkic©snüa ¬edaymankaryl;RBmCa laylkçN_GkSrBIPaKImçageTot¦ contract v. 1> cuHkic©snüa 2> rYmcuH ¬esdækic©¦ contract, under Cab;kic©snüa/ eRkamkic©snüa contracting party PaKIcuHkic©snüa contractor GñkcuHkic©snüa/ Gñkem:Akar/ sub-contractor Gñkem:Akarbnþ contractual business GaCIvkmµQrelI kic©snüa contradiction bdivaTkmµ/ PaBpÞúyKña contradictory EdlpÞúyKña contrast n. PaBpÞúyKña/ Bütierk contra-transfer cuHbRBa©as/ eFVIRbtiRkanþ elxna contravene v. elµIs/ bMBan contribute v. rYmviPaKTan/ rYmcMENk contribution viPaKTan/ karrYmcMENk/ ~ in kind viPaKTanCasMPar³ control v. RtYtBinitü/ RtYtRta controllable expenses cMNayRKb;RKg)an controlled selection CMerIsmankarRtYtBinitü controller GñkRtYtBinitü controlling interest, have a mancMENkPaKh‘unRtYtRta ¬KWmanelIsBI 50°énPaKh‘unsrubrbs;Rkumh‘un¦ controversy vaTb,divaT ¬rW vaTRbtivaT rW karCECkrkxusRtUvCasaFarN³¦ contumacy n. TudæPaB ¬karminRBmcUlxøÜneTAtulakar¦ convenience food Gaharevcx©b;Rsab;
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¬EdlRsYl erobcM¼cMGin¦ convention 1> GnusBaØa 2> snñi)at 3> snµtikmµ¼karsnµt conversation karsnÞna/ snÞnakar conversion karbþÚr/ ~ price/rate GRtabþÚr ¬edIm,IKitbþÚrrUbiyvtßúmYyeTACarUbiyvtßúbreTs¦ convertible currency rUbiyvtßúEdlGac bþÚrykrUbiyvtßúepSg)an conveyance 1> karepÞr ¬kmµsiT§i¦ 2> ÉksarepÞr convict TNÐit ¬GñkCab;Bn§naKar¦ cooperate v. eFVIshRbtibtþikar cooperative adj. & n. 1> EdleFVIshRbtibtþikar 2> shkrN_ coordinates niyamkar ¬ry³TTwg¼ry³beNþay¦ co-owner, co-proprietor shkmµsiT§ikr/ m©as;kmµsiT§irYmKña co-ownership shkmµsiT§i co-property RTBüsm,tiþrYmKña copyright siT§icMlg/ rkSasiT§i core sñÚl/ ~ budget fvikasñÚl/ ~ funding mUlniFisñÚl/ ~ resources FnFansñÚl corn n. (US) eBat/ baby ~ esñóteBat ¬bEnø¦ corporate state rdæshRKin corporation saCIvkmµ/ multinational ~ saCIvkmµBhuCati/ ~ tax (GB) Bn§elIR)ak; cMeNjRkumh‘un correct adj. RtwmRtUv correlated response variance v:arIy:g; cMelIyTak;Tin correlation shsm<½n§/ TMnak;TMng correspondence, business karsresr
Tak;TgxagCMnYj/ lixiteqøIyqøgGaCIvkmµ correspondent bank FnaKareqøIiyqøg corridor rebog/ Efv/ economic ~ rebogesdækic© corroborate v. bBa¢ak;¼GHGag bEnßm/ eFVIbmaNIykrN_ corruption n. GMeBIBukrlYy cost 1> tMél 2> briyaTan 3> éføedIm 4> bnÞúkcMNay/ cMNay cost accounting KNenyüéføedIm/ KNenyüviPaK cost and freight (C & F) éføTMnijbUkéfødwkCBa¢Ún cost of goods sold or cost of sales éføedImTMnijlk;ecj cost of living éføRTRTg;CIvPaB cost price éføedIm cost, historical tMélTijcUl cost, insurance, freight (CIF) éføTMnijbUkéføFanar:ab;rgbUkéfødwkCBa¢Ún cost, manufacturing éføedImplitkmµ cost-benefit analysis karviPaKcMNay nigplcMeNj cost-effective adj. EdlmanRbsiT§PaB cMNay costing karKNnaéføedIm Council of Ministers TIsþIkarKN³rdæm®nþI counter bBa¢r counter party bdiPaKI counter valuation bdiekaslvic©½y counterbalance v. raMgxÞb;\T§iBl countermand bdiesFbgÁab;munecal/
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ecjRbtiGaNtþi counter-offer kareGayéføelI ¬edIm,IRbECgTij¦ counterpart smPaKI counterpart adj. bdiPaK/ ~ entry elxnabdiPaK/ ~ fund mUlniFibdiPaK counter-revolution n. Rbtibdivtþn_ country report r)aykarN_sþIBIRbeTs country-representative office kariyal½ytMNagRbcaMRbeTs country-risk analysis karviPaKeRKaHRbeTs coupe, forest éRBKub court clerks RkLabBa¢I court or lawcourt sala kat;kþI¼CMrHkþI covenant karRBmeRBogCapøÚvkar cover note (insurance) kMNt;sMGag ¬Fanar:ab;rg¦ cover price éføelIRkb ¬éfølk;raycuHelI RkbesovePA/ TsSnavdþI >>>¦ cover, banking R)ak;Fana cover, full (insurance) b½NÑFanar:ab;rgelI haniP½yRKb;RbePT cover, temporary (insurance) b½NÑFanar:ab;rgbeNþaHGasnñ coverage kar¼TMhM RKbdNþb; ¬]> edayb½NÑFanar:ab;rg¦ craftsmanship n. htßekaslü creation n. karbegáIt/ mabnkmµ/ nimiµtkmµ/ mabnvtßú creative thinking KMnitécñRbDit creativity KMnitécñRbDit credibility PaBKYr[eCO/ kitþinam
credit bank FnaKar\NTan credit bureau kariyal½ypþl;B½t’man BIkitþinam ¬énshRKas>>>¦ credit in kind \NTanvtßú ¬minEmnCaR)ak;¦ credit institution sßab½n\NTan credit market TIpSar\NTan credit n. & adj. & v. 1> \NTan 2> \NTayI 3> kt;Rtaxag\NTan credit plus \NTanbUk ¬\NTanEdl KitKUrTaMgkarCYyCaR)ak;kas nigbec©keTs¦ credit rating cMNat;fñak;\NTan/ smtßPaBsgbMNulrbs;Gñkx©I credit restrictions kMhitén\NTan credit risk haniP½yén\NTan credit sale karlk;eCO credit slip b½NÑsMeNA\NTan/ skçIb½Rt \NTan credit solvency lT§PaBsgbMNul credit status CMhr\NTan credit terms lkçxNÐ\NTan credit worthiness PaBKYr)anTTYl\NTan credit worthy borrower Gñkx©IR)ak; EdlKYreGayTukcitþ credit, open \NTanKµandak;vtßúFana ¬sMrab;GtifiCnl¥rbs;FnaKar¦ credit, tax \NTanBn§ credit, trade \NTanCMnYj ¬pþl;[shRKas manTMnak;TMngCMnYjCamYyKña¦ creditor \NTayk/ m©as;bMNul credulity n. PaBgayeCO/ sT§aluPaB creeping inflation GtiprNasnSwm²
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crime bTelµIsRBhµT½NÐ criteria, criterion lkçN³vinicä½y crop n. dMNaM/ pldMNaM/ supplementary ~ dMNaMrYmpSM cross check epÞógKñaeTAvijeTAmk cross class fñak;qøg cross rate, exchange cross rate GRtabþÚrrUbiyb½NÑepÞógpÞat; ¬GRtabþÚrR)ak; eFobtam rUbiyvtßúTI3 dUcCa duløar¦ cross border (trade) qøgkat;RBMEdn ¬BaNiC¢kmµ¦ crossed cheque mUlb,Tanb½RtqUt cross-examine v. karsYrbBa¢ak;sakSI epÞógpÞat;nwgcMelIyeBlmun cross-voting n. kare)aHeqñateGayKNbkS epSg ¬minEmnKNbkSxøÜn¦ crude oil eRbgeqA culprit n. BiruT§ikCn cultivated land dIdaMduH culture vb,Fm’/ ~ of impunity vb,Fm’ rYceTas cumulated list bBa¢IbUkRtYt curb v. Tb;sáat; curfew bMrameKacr currency rUbiyvtßú/ hard ~ rUbiyvtßúxøaMg ¬rbs;RbeTsmanesdækic©maMmYn niggaybþÚr ykrUbiyvtßúepSgeTot¦/ soft ~ rUbiyvtßúexSay currency in circulation rUbiyvtßúkñúgcracr currency of account rUbiyvtßúykmkKitKUr currency of payment rUbiyvtßúTUTat; currency of the contract rUbiyvtßúén kic©snüa
currency operation RbtibtþikarelI rUbiyvtßú ¬dUcCakarbþÚrR)ak;CaedIm ¦ current account or checking
account (US) KNnIcrnþ current adj. crnþ/ ~ expenditures cMNaycrnþ current assets RTBüskmµ crnþ¼cl½t current liabilities RTBüGkmµcrnþ current price éføcrnþ/ éføbc©úb,nñ/ ~ list taragéføcrnþ current revenue cMNUlcrnþ ¬cMNUlCaRbcaM kñúgÉksarxøH¦ current account holder m©as;KNnIcrnþ current market rate GRtaéføTIpSarRbcaMéf¶ curtailment karkat;bnßy curve ExSekag/ aggregate supply ~ ExSekagpÁt;pÁg;srub custody (keeping) karrkSaTuk custom of the port (COP) TMenomTMlab;Ep custom-built/made ksag¼eFVI Biess sMrab;GtifiCnNamñak; customer GtifiCn customs house TIcat;karKy customs Ky/ ~ agent Pñak;garKy/ ~ Department TIcat;karKynigrdæakr/ ~ breach bTelµIsc,ab;Ky/ ~ declaration RbtievTn_Ky/ ~ examination karRtYtBinitü énPñak;garKy/ ~ frontier RBMEdnKy/ ~ invoice vikáybRtKy/ ~ permit lixit GnuBaØatBITIcat;karKy/ ~ regulations bTbBaØtþiKy/ ~ tariff taragBn§Ky/ ~ territory tMbn;RtYtBinitüKy ¬tMbn;EdlKy
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Gactamcab;TMnij)an¦ customs broker buKÁl¼Rkumh‘un EdlnaM TMnijqøgkat;Ky ¬bMerIeGayRkumh‘undwkCBa¢Ún¦ customs duties (or dues) Bn§Ky cycle vdþ/ suIkø/ xYb/ CMu/ ~ of poverty vdþénPaBRkIRk D, d daily RbcaMéf¶/ ~ sales return cMNUllk; RbcaMéf¶ damage karxUcxat/ Gnþray/ ~ by seawater GnþrayedaysarTwksmuTÞ damages R)ak;sMNgcMeBaHkarxUcxat danger money R)ak;pþl;bEnßmsMrab;kargar maneRKaHfñak; DARE (Demand and Resource Evaluation) karvaytMélFnFan nigtMrUvkar data Tinñn½y/ enter v. ~ bBa©ÚlTinñn½y data processing karcat;EcgTinñn½y database mUldæanTinñn½y data-collection stage dMNak;kalRbmUl Tinñn½y date kalbriecäT/ éf¶Ex/ interest to ~ karR)ak;mkTl;bc©úb,nñ date a cheque forward cuHkalbriecäT GnaKtelImUlb,Tanb½Rt date of maturity éf¶dl;kMNt;sgR)ak;/ \NRbtiTan/ date, by the due dl;éf¶kMNt;
date, interest to R)ak;karmkTl;bc©úb,nñ day éf¶/ settlement ~ éf¶TUTat;bBa¢I/ éf¶CMrHbBaI¢ day labourer BlkrsuIR)ak;éf¶/ TinikCn day-release 1> éf¶rYcput ¬Bn§¦ 2> RbB½n§EdlGnuBaØat[nieyaCitsMrakBIkargar edIm,IeronsURt DCB (Domestic Competitive Bidding) karedjéføedayRbkYtRbECgkñúgRsuk de facto tamkarCak;Esþg/ tamRBwtþin½y/ ~ management karRKb;RKgtamRBwtþin½y de jure tampøÚvc,ab; dead account KNnIQb;eRbI/ KNnIgab; dead loss karxatbg;srub dead money R)ak;gab;/ R)ak;minykeTAeFVI karrksuI dead season rdUvs¶b;skmµPaB ¬]> rdUvlk;dUrminsUvdac;¦ deadline kalkMNt;/ kalbriecäTdl;kMNt; deadlock PaBTal;Rck break the ~ TMlayPaBTal;Rck dead-weight 1> TMgn;nicl/ TMgn;gab; ¬KµanCYybMerIkar¦ deal karRBmeRBogxagCMnYj/ GabNsBaØa/ get a good ~ Tij)anefak/ package ~ karRBmeRBogCakBa©b; dealer BaNiC¢kr dealership TMnak;TMMngCMnYjpþac;mux dealing karlk;dUrh‘unenApSarh‘un/ CMnYj, commercial ~ esdæBaNiC¢kmµ/ fair ~ CMnYj Rsbc,ab;/ insider ~ karCYjdUrh‘uneday GñképÞkñúg ¬EdldwgB½t’mansMgat;BIRkumh‘un¦
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dear éfø ¬pÞúynwgefak¦ dear money R)ak;x©ImanR)ak;karx<s; dearth of investment kgVHvinieyaK death mrNPaB/ karsøab;/ ~ certificate sMbuRtmrNPaB/ ~ in service benefit R)ak;bMNac;mrNPaB death rate GRtamrN³ debate karCECkedjedal ¬]> enAsPa¦ debenture sBaØab½NÑ ¬ry³eBlEvg²¦/ lixitbMNul/ register of ~ bBa¢IeQµaHGñk kan;sBaØab½NÑrbs;Rkumh‘un/ ~ holder Gñkkan;sBaØab½NÑ debit n. & adj. & v. 1> \NBn§ 2> \Nayik 3> kt;Rtaxag\NBn§ debit/credit memorandum or debit/credit memo kMNt;ehtu \NBn§¼ \NTan b¤ Rbkas \NBn§¼\NTan debt bMNul/ ~ holder embMNul/ bad ~ bMNul GaRkk;¼Bi)akTar/ doubtful ~ bMNul sgS½y/ irrecoverable ~ bMNulTarmin)an/ ~ crisis vibtþibMNul/ ~ ratio smaPaKbMNul/secured/unsecured ~ bMNul man¼Kµan dak;RTBüFana debt-collection letter lixitTarR)ak; debt-for-nature swaps bMNuledaHdUr nwgFmµCati debtor kUnbMNul/ \Nvnþ decadence n. PaBcuHGab;»n/ GtßgÁt decapitalise n. dkTunecj deceased n. Gñksøab; decennial population census CMerOnRbCaCnRbcaMTsvtSr_
decent smrmü/ ~ livelihood CIvPaBsmrmü decentralisation n. vimCÄkar decentralise v. eFVIvimCÄkar/ decentralised power GMNacvimCÄkar deciding vote sMelg]tþmanuPaB ¬e)aHeqñat¦ decile n. TsPaK ¬sßiti¦ decimal n. & adj. 1> elxTsPaK 2> TsPaK decision esckþIsMerc/ ~ maker GñkeFVI esckþIsMerc/ ~ making kareFVIesckþIsMerc/ ~ tree KMnUsedImeQIénRbB½n§sMerc declaration 1> kar¼esckþI Rbkas 2> lixitRbkas/ RbtievTn_/ customs ~ RbtievTn_Ky/ tax ~ lixitRbkassareBIBn§ declared value tMél)an Rbkas¼RbtievTn_ decline n. karFøak;cuHyWt² declining balance method of
depreciation viFIrMls;fyCalMdab; decoding karbkRsayelxkUd ¬ERbCaPasaFmµtavij¦ deconcentration vishmCÄkar decrease karFøak;cuH/ karfycuH/ ~ in price karFøak;éfø decree Rkwtü de-dollarisation bdiduløarUbnIykmµ deduct v. kat;kg/ pat;ecj/ after deducting depreciation eRkay)anpat;rMls; deductible adj. EdlGackat;kgecj/ tax ~ EdlGackat;kgecjBIcMNUlCab;Bn§ deductive method viFITajehtupl/ viessanumanviFI
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deed 1> kic©snüaCalaylkçN_GkSr 2> GMeBI ¬l¥ rW GaRkk;¦/ good ~ kuslkic© deed of assignment lixitepÞrkmµsiT§ ¬BIkUnbMNuleTAm©as;bMNul¦ deed of conveyance lixitepÞrkmµsiT§i GclnRTBü default karxusqÁg/ karxVHxat/ karKµan lT§PaBsg default of acceptance karminTTYlRBm defendant n. cugecaT deferred payments karsgR)ak;bNþak; ¬eRcInelIk¦ deferred share PaKh‘unEdlTTYlPaKlaP eRkayeK
deferred/unearned revenue ¬R)ak;¦ cMNUlTTYlmun ¬KWRtUveyageTAbBa©Úlkñúg kariybriecäTeRkay²¦ deficiency PaBminRKb;RKan;/ ~ in weight PaBxVHTMgn; deficient reserves R)ak;bMrugxVH deficient supply karpÁt;pÁg;mankgVHxat deficit »nPaB/ balance of payments/ trade ~ »nPaBCBa¢Ij TUTat;¼BaNiC¢kmµ/ budget ~ »nPaBfvika/ meet v. a ~ bMeBj»nPaB deficit financing hirBaØb,Tan»nPaB deflate the economy eFVIbritþprNa esdækic© ¬tamry³karkat;bnßysac;R)ak;pÁt;pÁg; rW cMNayrdæaPi)al¦ deflation britþprNa ¬sPaBkarN_TMnij cuHéføCaTUeTA ¦ deflationary gap KMlatbritþþþprNa
deflator (GDP) snÞsSn_britþprNa ¬pss¦ deforestation karkab;éRBeQI/ vivnkar defrauder GñkbnøM ¬]> Bn§¦ defray ecjcMNayCYs degradation TuBVlPaB/ karbBa©úHKuNPaB del credere R)ak; ¬bUkbEnßmsMrab;¦ FanakarTUTat;/ ~ clause RbkarFanaTUTat;/ ~ commission kMéreCIgsarFanakarTUTat; delay 1> karyWty:av/ ry³kalkMNt; yWty:av/ ~ in delivery karRbKl;yWty:av/ 2> karBnüaeBl/ grant a ~ pþl;karBnüaeBl delegate power eFVIRbtiPUkmµGMNac/ rMElkGMNac/ epÞrGMNac delegation 1> karepÞr ¬siT§iGMNac¦ 2> KN³RbtiPU deliberation karBiPakSaedjedal delinquent adj. 1> hYskalkMNt; 2> min)anbMeBjkatBVkic©edayectna delinquent n. GnItiCnRbRBwtþelµIs deliver v. RbKl; delivered at duty paid RbKl;enAkEnøg )anbg;Bn§ehIy delivered at frontier RbKl;enARBMEdn delivery karRbKl;/ ~ against payment RbKl;TMnijeBlmankarTUTat;/ ~ order b½NÑ bBa¢aeGayRbKl;TMnij/ ~ by instalments RbKl;TMnijtamdMNak;kal/ ~ note lixit RbKl;TMnij ¬[eTAGtifiCn CamYyKñanwgTMnij¦ demagogue n. GñkbeBa©IcraRsþ/ RbCaPiftik³ demand tMrUvkar/ sMNUmBr/ ~ bill/draft lixitbþÚrykR)ak; ¬eBlbgðajFnaKar¦/
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~ curve ExSekagtMrUvkar/ ~ deposit R)ak; beBaØIcrnþ/ ~ exceeds supply tMrUvkarelIs karpÁt;pÁg;/ ~ loan kMcIKµankalkMNt; ¬eBlTarRtUvsg¦ demand, to be in poor minsUvmantMrUvkar demarcation (boundary) karkMNt; RBMRbTl; demilitarise v. dkT½Becj/ eFVIvieyaFkmµ de-mining kare)assMGatmIn demise 1> Ptisnüa/ kic©snüaCYl 2> mrNPaB demobilise v. rMsay ¬kgT½B¦ democratisation RbCaFibetyüPavUbnIykmµ/ RbCanuvDÆn¾ demographic rate (birth, death ...) GRtaRbCasaRsþ ¬kMeNIt/ mrN³ >>>¦ demonetise karbBa©b;tMéleRbIR)as;én RkdasR)ak;¼kak; denationalisation niCatUbnIykmµ/ karbþÚr RTBüsm,tþirdæeTACaÉkCn denial, flat karRbEkkdac;Ghgáar denominated in USD (cheque) carwkCaduløarGaemrik ¬mUlb,Tanb½Rt¦ denomination ÉktatMélénRkdasR)ak; ¬rW kak;¦ denominator (fraction) PaKEbg density dg;sIuet Department of Overseas Trade naykdæanBaNiC¢kmµeRkARbeTs Department of Public Prosecution GgÁkarGyükar department store PNÐaKar
dependability PaBGacBwgBak;)an
depletion karfycuHeRcIn²/ kareRbIGs;/ tnukmµ depletive asset RTBüfycuHtamkareRbIR)as; deport v. nireTs deposit R)ak;beBaØI/ nikçitP½NÐ/ certificate of ~ RbkasnIyb½RtbeBaØI/ demand ~ R)ak; beBaØIcrnþ/ guaranteed ~ nikçitP½NÐFana/ savings ~ R)ak;beBaØIsnSM/ fixed/time ~ R)ak;beBaØImankalkMNt;/ ~ bank FnaKar TTYlR)ak;beBaØI/ ~ guaranty account KNnI R)ak;tMkl;Fana/ ~ in transit R)ak;beBaØIkMBug epÞr/ ~ receipt bgáan;édTTYlR)ak;beBaØI/ ~ slip b½NÑsresrepJIR)ak; deposit R)ak;kk; deposit (minerals...) RsTab;Er: deposit v. 1> kk; 2> tMkl;R)ak;/ epJIR)ak; ¬enAFnaKar¦ depositor GñkepJIR)ak; depreciate v. Føak;éfø depreciation 1> karFøak;éfø¼tMél 2> ¬kar¦ rMls; 3> karswkerc depreciation allowance (accounting) TayC¢TaneGaydl;rMls; depress v. sgát;cuH ¬TIpSar/ GarmµN_/ Qñan;RhVaMgrfynþ >>>¦ depression, economic vism<aFesdækic© deputy prime minister ]bnaykrdæm®nþI deputy chairman GnuRbFan deputy manager naykrg/ bNÑaFikarrg deregulate v. eFVIbdiniy½tkmµ dereliction of duty kare)aHbg;Parkic©
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derivative instrument (banking) ]bkrN_nisSnÞ descendant bcäaCn description 1> karBiBN’na 2> RbePTTMnij/ ~ of goods karraymuxTMnij desertification rehadæanIykmµ ¬kareFVI[ eTACavalrehadæan¦ design karrcnatak;Etg/ bøg;/ ~ effect \T§iBlénbøg;/ ~ weight TMgn;bøg; design v. rcnatak;Etg designation letter lixit]eTÞsnam ¬GñktMNag>>>¦ desk study karsikSaenAkariyal½y detailed adj. lMGit/ ~ instructions bTbBa¢alMGit deteriorated Gn;KuNPaB ¬TMnij¦ deterioration karGn;fy ¬KuNPaB/ éfø>>>¦ determine v. kMNt; detriment karxUcRbeyaCn_ detrimental Edl eFVIeGayxUcRbeyaCn_¼ bgáeRKaHfñak; devalue v. bBa©úuHtMélrUbiyvtßú ¬eFobnwg rUbiyvtßúÉeTot²¦ development karGPivDÆn_/ karlUtlas;/ ~
strategies yuT§saRsþGPivDÆn_/ ~ aid CMnYyGPivDÆn_/ ~ project KMeragGPivDÆn_/ Development Triangle
Zone tMbn;GPivDÆn_RtIekaN deviation 1> kargakecj 2> KMlat devise n. Gc©½yTanCaGclnRTBü ¬tammrtksasn_¦ diagnosis n. eraKvinicä½y
diagram KMnUsbMRBYj differentiate v. Ejk differentiation karEjkeGayeXIjPaBxusKña digit elx/ single ~ inflation GtiprNa mantYelxEtmYyxÞg; digital EdlbgðajCaelx/ DIhSúItal; digitalised economy esdækic©erxUbnIykmµ dignitary \sSrCn dignity PaBéføfñÚr/ \sSrPaB dilemma n. sßanPaBRtUveFVICMerIsd¾Bi)ak dimension TMhM/ TidæPaB ¬énsPaBkarN_GVImYy¦ direct adj. pÞal;/ foreign ~ investment (FDI) vinieyaKpÞal;BIbreTs/ ~ cost tMél plitpÞal;/ briyaTanpÞal;/ ~ exchange karedaHdUredaypÞal;/ ~ export karnaMecj edaypÞal;/ ~ tax Bn§pÞal; direct v. tMrg;Tis direction 1> Tis/ TisedA 2> esckþIENnaM/ provide ~ and guidance pþl;TisedA nigkarENnaM ¬[eFVIGVImYy¦ directive karcg¥úlTis/ bTENnaM/ ~ on wages and prices bTENnaMsþIBIebovtSr_nigéfø direct-lending schemes kmµviFI\NTanpÞal; director nayk director-general GKÁnayk/ deputy ~ GKÁnaykrg directory 1> bBa¢IrayeQµaH 2> ftdak;Tinñn½y ¬kMuBüÚT½r¦ direct-transit trade BaNiC¢kmµqøgkat;pÞal; disability BikarPaB disadvantage plvi)ak/ KuNvibtþi
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disadvantaged caj;eRbob/ ~ farmers ksikrTn;exSay disaggregation karbMEbkGgÁpSM disagree v. minRBmeRBog/ minÉkPaB/ minyl;Rsb disagreement n. karminRBmeRBog, in the event of ~ kñúgkrNIKµankarRBmeRBog disbursement karebIkpþl;¬R)ak;¦/ ~ account KNnIraymuxkarebIkpþl;R)ak;/ ~ schedule kalviPaKebIkpþl;R)ak; discharge 1> dkbNþwg/ ~ a bankrupt eGaybuKÁl)anrYcputBIPaBBIkS½yFn BIeRBaH )anTUTat;bMNulehIy 2> TUTat;bMNulTaMgRsug 3> bBaÄb; ¬buKÁlik¦ disciplinary action kardak;vin½y ¬kardak;eTasxagrdæ)al¦ disciplinary council RkumRbwkSavin½y ¬GñksMercdak;vin½yelIbuKÁlik¦ disciplinary sanction TNÐkmµxagvin½y/ to impose ~ dak;vin½y disciplinary transfer karpøas;ecjedaydak;vin½y disclaimer bTRbkasbdiesF ¬karTTYlxusRtUv/ siT§i >>>¦ discount 1> Gbhar ¬karcuHéfø¦/ cash ~ karlk;cuHéføtamkarbg;Casac;R)ak;/ to sell goods at a ~ lk;TinijcuHéfø 2> Gbharit ¬R)ak;cuHéføeGay¦ 3> cuHéfø discount a bill v. eFVIGbharrUbiyaNtþi ¬lk;rUbiyaNtþieGayFnaKar¦ discount bank FnaKarTij]bkrN_ TUTat;lixitbMNul
discount rate GRtaGbhar/ GRtacuHéfø discounted cash flow (DCF) analysis karviPaKlMhUrsac;R)ak;Kittamry³eBl discouraged worker Blkr)ak;Twkcitþ discretion qnÞanusiT§i ¬siT§isMerceBjelj¦/ at the ~ of the government CaqnÞanusiT§i rbs;rdæaPi)al discrimination karerIseGIg disequilibrium vismta/ PaBKµanlMnwg dishonoured bill of exchange rUbiyaNtþiEdlRtUv)anbdiesF dishonoured cheque mUlb,Tanb½Rt bdiesdæ ¬minTUTat;¦ disillusion esckþIRsgakcitþy:agxøaMg disincentive eRKOgbg¥ak;Twkcitþ disinflation karbnßyGtiprNa disinvestment kardkTunQb;vinieyaK dismiss v. bBaÄb;BIIkargar/ edjecal/ dismissal n. karbBaÄb;BIIkargar dispatch n. karbBa¢Ún/ karEbgEck dispatch v. epJI/ bBa¢Ún ¬TMnij>>>¦ dispersion diagram düaRkambMEbkray disposable personal income cMNUl enATMenrrbs;buKÁl/ cMNUlbuKÁleRkaykat;Bn§ ¬]> R)ak;ExebIkykeTApÞH)an¦ dispose v. CMrHbBa©b; dispossess dkhUtrbs;RTBü disproportionate (amount of cash) vismamaRt ¬cMnYnsac;R)ak;¦ dispute vivaT/ CMelaH/ ~ settlement mechanism ynþkaredaHRsayvivaT
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dissemination karpSBVpSay dissolution karrMlay distortion karERbRbYlxusPaBedIm distress (sale) edaymanFur³bnÞan;/ edaHT½l ¬karlk;¦ distribution karEckcay distribution of sample r)ayKMrUtag distribution, unequal wealth r)ayvismFn ¬karEckcayRTBüminesµIKña¦ disturbance karrMxan/ noise ~ karrMxan edaysMelg diversification cMruHkmµ/ BiBiFkmµ dividend PaKlaP divisible adj. EdlEckdac;/ GacEbgEck/ ~ letter of credit sar\NTanGacbMEbk)an division of labour karEbgEckBlkmµ docker kmµkrkMBg;Ep documentary collection 1> karRbmUlR)ak;eRkayeBl)anTTYlÉksar 2> karRbmUlÉksar documentary credit \NTanÉksar documentation 1> Éksar ¬TaMgGs;Tak;TinnwgerOgGVImYy¦ 2> karksagsMNMuÉksar documents against acceptance (D/A)
pþl;ÉksarRbKl;TMnijeBlbBa¢ak;TTYlRBmCMBak; documents against payment (D/P) pþl;ÉksarRbKl;TMnijenAeBlsgR)ak; dogma n. siT§anþ ¬CMenOrbs;mnusSmYyRkumEdl eKrMBwgfaGñkÉeTotTTYlykedayKµanCECktv:a¦ dollarisation duløarUbnIykmµ
domestic kñúgRsuk ¬rW kñúgRbeTs¦/ ~ assets (bank) RTBüskmµkñúgRsuk>/ ~ credit \NTan kñúgRsuk/ ~ demand tMrUvkarkñúgRsuk/ ~ income (DI) plTunkñúgRsuk/ ~ financing hirBaØb,Tan kñúgRbeTs/ ~ product (DP) plitplkñúgRsuk/ ~ savings sBa¢½yFnkñúgRsuk ~ supply karpÁt;pÁg;kñúgRsuk/ ~ price stability sßirPaB éføkñúgRsuk/ ~ trade BaNiC¢kmµkñúgRsuk domicile n. lMenA/ ~ of origin lMenAedIm ¬lMenABIkMeNIt tamFmµtaKW lMenA«Buk¦ domiciled bill of exchange rUbiyaNtþi manbBa¢ak;Gas½ydæan domiciled in Cambodia manlMenApøÚvkarenAkm<úCa dominate v. RKbsgát; domino effect \T§iBldUmINU donation GMeNay donee bdiKÁahk donor Tayk/ Gñkpþl;CMnYy dormant adj. KµanskmµPaB/ ~ company Rkumh‘unKµanskmµPaB ¬kñúgmYykariybriecäT¦ dose xñatmaRta/ kMrit dossier sMNMuerOg double v. ekInmYyCaBIr double-deflation technique bec©keTsbRgYmsÞÜn double-entry bookkeeping viFIcuHbBa¢IeTVPaK doubtful debt \NeTyüsgS½y down payment R)ak;kk;/ R)ak;bg;dMbUg downgrade v bBa©úHtMél
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¬]> kñúgkarBüakrN_tMélsnøwkh‘un¦ downsize v. kat;bnßy downstream product plitpl xageRkam¼cugExS ¬ekItecjBIplitpledIm¦ downward tendency ninñakarfycuH dowry ekrþ×xagRsI draconian measures viFankartwgrwgsMebIm draft 1> esckþIRBag 2> rUbiyaNtþi/ bank ~ rUbiyaNtþiFnaKar ¬lixitbBa¢a[FnaKarebIkR)ak;¦ draft term lkçxNÐlixit draught animals (GB), draft
animals (US) stVGUsTaj draw lots v. cab;eqñat ¬edIm,IeRCIserIs¦ drawback n. cMNucminl¥ drawback n. Bn§KybgVilsgvij ¬enAeBl TMnijRtUv)annaMecjeTAvij¦ drawee bharit/ GñkeGayeKdkR)ak;/ GñkRtUv)anesñIeGaybg;R)ak; drawer bhar½k/ GñkdkR)ak; drawing account KNnIR)ak;beBaØI KµankalkMNt; drawing rights siT§idkR)ak; ¬siT§isMux©I¦ drop karFøak;cuH dual price system RbB½n§éføTVIk³/ RbB½n§éføBIr due 1> EdlCMBak; 2> Edldl;kMNt; due date \NRbtiTan/ éf¶dl;kMNt;sgR)ak; due-card salakb½Rtpþl;TMnij dumping karcak;Kr/ karlk;bgçÚcéfø/ ~ duty Bn§Tb;Tl;nwgkarlk;bgçÚcéfø duplication 1> kareFVI[eTVKuN 2> karRtYtKña ¬\tRbeyaCn_¦ durability PaBCab;lab;/ PaBzitezr
dutiable EdlRtUvbg;Bn§/ ~ goods TMnij RtUvbg;Bn§¼Cab;Bn§ duty Bn§ ¬BiessBn§Ky nigGakrBiess¦/ ad valorem ~ Bn§yktaméfø/ customs ~ Bn§Ky/ excise ~ GakrBiess/ ~ paid price éføKitTaMgBn§ duty Parkic©/ ~ bound Cab;Parkic© duty-free EdlrYcBn§/ ~ goods TMnijrYcBn§ duty-paid goods TMnijbg;Bn§ehIy DVD DIvIDI ¬fasvIedGU¦ dwindle v eFVIrMls;bnþicmþg² dynamic adj. DINamik/ Edlman famPaB¼snÞúH dynamics n. DINamik/ famPaB dynamism DINamIs/ famPaB/ snÞúHkMlaMg E, e earmark v. élTuk ¬sMrab;eKaledAGVImYy¦ earned fees kMérrk)an earnest R)ak;kk;/ kMNt; earning capacity smtßPaBrkR)ak; earnings cMNUl/ kMér/ retained ~ R)ak;cMeNjrkSaTuk ¬Edlmin)anebIk[m©as;h‘unCaPaKlaPeT¦ ease, prices are inclined to éføman ninñakarfycuH easement esvPaB/ siT§ieRbIR)as;dIGñkdéT easy money policy eKalneya)ay sac;R)ak;gayRsYl ¬EdlsMrYlkarpÁt;pÁg; sac;R)ak;edIm,IBRgIkesdækic©¦
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easy terms of payment lkçxNÐTUTat; gayRsYl ecological equilibrium lMnwgeGkULÚsuI ecological tourism eGkUeTscrN_ ecological zone tMbn;eGkULÚsuI ecology eGkULÚsuI eco-national product (ENP) plitplbrisßanCati econometrics esdækic©maRtsaRsþ/ viC¢avas;Evgesdækic© economic énesdækic©/ ~ austeritytbkmµesdækic©/ kart,itet,ótxagesdækic©/ ~ blockade/embargo karh‘u¿B½T§esdækic©/ ~ conditions lkçxNÐesdækic©/ sPaBkarN_ esdækic©/ ~ conversion bMlas;esdækic© ¬BiessBIrcnasm<½n§eyaFamkrcnasm<½n§ esdækic©minEmneyaFa¦/ ~ cooperation shRbtibtþikaresdækic©/ ~ corridor rebogesdækic©/ ~ corridor RckTVar esdækic©/ ~ crisis vibtþiesdækic©/ ~ cycle vdþ esdækic©/ ~ downturn/recession karFøak;cuH esdækic©/ ~ efficiency RbsiT§PaBesdækic©/ ~ entity GgÁPaBesdækic©/ ~ forecast karBüakrN_esdækic©/ ~ impact plb:HBal; xagesdækic©/ ~ indicator GaMgDIkarT½resdækic©/ ~ pattern lMnaMesdækic©/ ~ integration smahrNkmµesdækic©/ ~ model KMrUesdækic©/ ~ philosophy TsSnviC¢aesdækic©/ ~ policy eKalneya)ayesdækic©/ ~ projection karKn;KUrxagesdækic©/ ~ sanction TNÐkmµ esdækic©/ ~ stabilisation programme
kmµviFIsßirPavUbnIykmµesdækic© economic cost-benefit analysis (ECBA) karviPaKcMNaynigplcMeNj xagesdækic© economical EdlsnSMsMéc economics viTüasaRsþesdækic© economies of scale esdækic©maRtdæan economist esdæviTU economise snSMsMéc economy esdækic©/ sMéc/ balance of national ~ tulüPaBesdækic©Cati/ black ~ esdækic©ggwt/ centrally planned ~ esdækic© EpnkarRbmUlpþúM/ decentralised ~ esdækic© vimCÄkar/ capitalist ~ esdækic©mUlFn/ free market ~ esdækic©TIpSaresrI/ planned ~ esdækic©Epnkar/ political ~ esdækic© neya)ay/ ~ car rfynþsuIsaMgtic/ ~ size xñatFM ¬lk;efakebIeFobnwgbrimaNva¦ education for all Gb;rMsMrab;TaMgGs;Kña Education Sector Support
Programme (ESSP) EpnkaryuT§saRsþsMrab;RTRTg;vis½yGb;rM
education service esvaGb;rM effective skþisiT§i effective date éf¶RbsiT§PaB effective demand tMrUvkarCak;Esþg effective rate of protection (ERP) GRtaKaMBarskþisiT§i effectiveness PaBskþisiT§i efficiency RbsiT§PaB efficient EdlmansmtßPaB/ Edlmanpll¥/
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~ worker kmµkrEdlmansmtßPaB elaborate y:agl¥itl¥n;/ briyayy:agl¥itl¥n; elasticity PaByWt/ EdlGacpøas;bþÚr)an/ ~ of supply and demand PaByWténkar pÁt;pÁg; nigtMrUvkar elderly Cncas;Cra electoral official m®nþIe)aHeqñat electrification GKÁIsnIPavUbnIykmµ/ rural ~ fund mUlniFiGKÁIsnIPavUbnIykmµCnbT electronic adj. eGLicRtUnik element smasFatu eligibility for bank loans PaBGacTTYl )an\NTanBIFnaKar eligible EdlmansiT§i/ EdlGacTTYlyk)an elite Gñkzan³x<s; embargo karh‘¿uB½T§/ ninñivarN_ ¬]> karham Xat;mineGaynaMTMnijecj-cUl¦/ lift an ~ elIkkarh‘¿uB½T§ecj/ place an ~ dak;karh‘¿uB½T§ embezzlement karekgRbv½Ba© emergency PaB bnÞan;¼Gasnñ/ in case of ~ kñúgkrNIbnÞan;/ ~ aid CMnYyse®gÁaHbnÞan;/ ~ condition lkçxNÐPaBGasnñ/ ~ fund mUlniFise®gÁaHbnÞan;/ ~ loan kMcIse®gÁaHbnÞan;/ ~ relief CMnYyse®gÁaHbnÞan;/ ~ tax Bn§visamBaØ emerging economies esdækic©kMBugegIbeT,Ig emerging markets TIpSarkMBugpuseT,Ig emission bnSay ¬]> ]sµ½nBul¦ emolument brilaP/ R)ak;bMNac;muxtMENg emotional buying motive bMNgTij edayrMePIbcitþ emphasise v. sgát;F¶n;/ KUsbBa¢ak; employee nieyaCit/ ~ oriented Edlyk
citþTukdak;eTAelInieyaCit employer nieyaCk employment 1> kargar ¬eTogTat;manR)ak; kMér¦ 2> sßanPaBmankargareFVI/ ~ rate GRta GñkmankargareFVI 3>karCYl ¬[bMerIkargar eTogTat;¦/ ~ bureau kariyal½yrkkargar eGayeFVI/ ~ shock karb:HTgÁicxagkargar empower v. pþl;GMNac¼pþl;siT§iGMNac[ emulation karRbECgtamKMrUl¥ enact a law Gnum½tc,ab; encode v. sresrCaelxkUd ¬bkERbPasa samBaØeTACaelxkUd¦ encouragement karelIkTwkcitþ/ karCMruj end product plitplsMerc end result plsMerc endangered species RbePTesÞIrputBUC ending inventory sareBIP½NÐcugRKa endorse v. 1> KaMRT 2> carxñg ¬ Éksar¦ endorse v. (an expense) cuHTidæakar ¬bBa¢ak;yl;RBmelIcMNay¦ (French: viser) endorsee GñkmansiT§ieRbIR)as;lixitsñam tamcMNarxñg endorsement bidæielx/ cMNarBIxñg/ rUbiybdiePaK/ ~ for collection cMNarxñg ÉksaredIm,IRbmUlR)ak; endorser GñkeFVIbidæielx/ GñkcarxñgÉksar/ rUbiybdiePaKI endowment R)ak;pþl;[/ TayC¢Tan ¬R)ak; EbgEckCaeTogTat;sMrab;eKaledAGVImYy¦ energy conservation karsnSMsMécfamBl energy efficiency RbsiT§PaBfamBl enforce payment v. bgçMeGayTUTat;
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enforce v. dak;eGayRbtibtþi/ dak;bgçM[Gnuvtþ/ BRgwgkarGnuvtþn_ ¬c,ab;¦/ enforcement (n) enforceable mantMélRbtibtþi/ Gacdak;bgMç [Gnuvtþ)an engage v. Bak;B½n§cUl
engagement karcUlRbLÚk engine of economic growth k,alma:sIunkMeNInesdækic© enhancement karelIksÞÜy enough RKb;RKan; enquiry esckþIesñI/ make enquiries saksYrB½t’man enrollment rate (school) GRtacuHeQµaHcUleron enterprise shRKas/ free ~ shRKasesrI ¬minenAeRkamkarRKb;RKgrbs;rdæ¦/ small-scale ~ shRKasxñattUc entertainment karkMsanþ/ ~ centre mNÐlkMsanþ entitle v. pþl;siT§i entity GgÁPaB/ legal ~ nItibuKÁl entrepreneur shRKin entrepreneurship shRKinPaB/ lkçN³ écñRbDitrksuI entry 1> elxna ¬KNenyü¦ 2> karcUl/ ~ point cMNuccUl/ RckcUl enumerator GñkcuHeFVIGegát/ GñksYrGegát ¬KYreRbI interviewer rW surveyor vij¦ environment brisßan/ ~ scan karemIl cMNucsMxan;kñúgbrisßan environmental adj. énbrisßan/ ~ impact
karb:HBal;brisßan/ ~ protection kic©karBarbrisßan/ ~ security snþisuxbrisßan envoy eRbsit¼ebskCnBiess equality smPaB/ income ~ smPaBén R)ak;cMNUl/ ~ benefit plRbeyaCn_esµIKña/ equalisation kareFVIeGaymansmPaB equation smIkar equilibrium lMnwg/ tulüPaB/ smta/ ~ price éfølMnwg equitable edaysmFm’/ esµIPaB equities h‘unFmµta equity n. RTBüm©as; ¬RTBüskmµ dk bMNUlcrnþ nigh‘unGnueRKaH¦ equity smFm’/ with ~ EdlmansmFm’/ ~ fund mUlniFismFm’ equity capital Tunm©as;h‘unFmµta equity of redemption siTi§ls; ¬rbs;kUnbMNulGuIb:UEtk¦ equity participation PaKkmµ ¬cUlh‘un¦ equivalent smmUl/ esµIKña/ b:unKña/ ~ to smmUlnwg/ ~ value tMélsmmUl error el¥óg/ kMhus/ micäaelx/ ~ in measurement el¥ógkñúgkarvas;Evg escalation karrIkraldal ¬TMnas;¦/ kMeNInkartantwg escrow, in EdlrkSaTukkñúgédttIyCn essential Casarvnþ/ ~ goods TMnijCasarvnþ established business GaCIvkmµEdl cak;bJsehIy/ GaCIvkmµmanRsab; establishment 1> RKwHsßan 2> karbegáIt estate 1> dIkmµsiT§i ¬FM²¦
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2> RTBüsm,tþirbs;buKÁlEdlsøab; estate agent Pñak;garrksuICYl rWlk;Gcln RTBü estate, real GclnRTBü estimate v. )a:n;sµan/ vaytémø estimated profit R)ak;cMeNj)a:n;sµan estimation bias lMeGogénkar)a:n;sµan ethics sIlFm’/ sIlFm’viC¢aCIv³ ¬RkmsIlFm’¦ ethnography CatiBn§úviTüa Eurodollar duløarGWr:ub ¬duløarepJIkñúgFnaKarenA eRkAshrdæGaemriksMrab;bMerIBaNiC©kmµkñúgGWr:ub¦ evaluation karvaytémø/ credit project ~ karvaytMélKMerag\NTan evasion (tax) kareKc ¬Bn§¦ even number elx Kt;KUr¼KUr event RBwtþikarN_/ ~ of default krNIKµan lT§PaBsg eventuality yfaehtu evidence Psþútag evolution karvivtþn_ evolving process dMeNIkarvivtþþin_ exacerbate eFVIeGayrwtEtF¶n;F¶r examine v. Binitü ex-ante price éføEpnkar ¬muneBlGnuvtþ Cak;Esþg¦ excavation kMNay ¬buraNviTüa¦ exceed v. elIs excess n. & adj. 1> el,Is/ sMNl; ¬fvika¦ 2> elIs/ ~ capacity smtßPaBelIs ¬tMrUvkarplit¦/ ~ reserve R)ak;bMrugelIs exchange 1> karedaHdUr/ karbþÚr/ karpøas;bþÚr ¬BaNiC¢kmµ¦/ ~ control karRtYtBinitü
karbþÚrR)ak;/ ~ dumping karlk;bMpøajGRta bþÚrR)ak;/ ~ gain/loss cMeNj¼kMhatelI karbþÚrR)ak;/ ~ office kariyal½ybþÚrR)ak; 2> pSar/ kEnøglk;Tij/ stock ~ pSarh‘un exchange rate or rate of exchange GRtabþÚrR)ak;/ monthly average ~ GRta bþÚrR)ak;mFümRbcaMEx/ closing ~ GRtabþÚrR)ak; enAeBlbiT/ fixed ~ GRtabþÚrR)ak;minERbRbYl¼ efr/ parallel market ~ GRtabþÚrR)ak;TIpSar/ forward ~ GRtabþÚrR)ak;mankalkMNt;/ official ~ GRtabþÚrR)ak;pøÚvkar/ spot ~ GRta bþÚrR)ak;dl;éd exchange, letter of (or bill of ) rUbiyaNtþi excise tax GakrBiess ¬c,ab;km<úCa³ Gakr BiesselITMnijnigesvamYycMnYn¦ excise tax revenues rC¢eTyücMNUl exclusive agent tMNagpþac;mux exclusive right siT§ipþac;mux executive adj. Edl Rbtibtþi¼Gnuvtþ/ ~ body/entity/unit esnaFikar/ ~ director naykRbtibtþi/ ~ committee KN³kmµaFikar Rbtibtþi/ ~ structure rcnasm<½n§Rbtibtþi/ ~ summary esckþIsegçb ¬segçbÉksar EdlEvgsMrab;fñak;dwknaMGan¦ executive n. 1> fñak;dwknaM/ chief ~ nayk Rkumh‘un 2> GMNacnItiRbtibtþi executive power GMNacnItiRbtibtþii ¬rdæaPi)al¦/ GMNacRbtibtþi ¬sßab½nepSgeTot dUcCaRkumRbwkSaXMu¦ exemption, tax karelIkElgBn§/ muFaPaB énBn§Gakr
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exert pressure v. dak;sMBaF/ eFVIkarekobsgát; existence GtßiPaB existing EdlmanRsab;/ ~ structure rcnasm<½n§EdlmanRsab;/ ~ level of development kMrit manRsab;¼GtßiPaB énkarGPivDÆn_ exit point cMNucecj/ Rckecj ex-officio tamGMNacmuxgar ¬]> tam GMNac¼edaysar muxgarCahirBaØik Kat;RtUv køayCasmaCikénKN³kmµkarhirBaØvtßú¦ exogenous xageRkA/ negative ~ factors ktþaGviC¢manxageRkA expansion karBRgIk/ vibulkmµ/ vibulkar/vitßarkmµ expatriate (or expat) GñkcMeNalRsuk/ GaNikCn
expectation, rational karrMBwgsmehtuplexpected profit R)ak;cMeNjrMBwgTuk expend v. cMNay/ cay expenditure n. cMNay/ capital ~ cMNay CamUlFn/ current ~ cMNaycrnþ ¬cMNayCa RbcaMkñúgÉksarxøH¦/ ~ curve ExSekagcMNay expenses, administrative cMNayrdæ)al expenses, sundry cMNayepSg² experience n. bTBiesaFn_ experiment n. BiesaFn_ experimental learning cycle vdþeronsURtedaydkBiesaFn_ experimentation BiesaFnkmµ/ karBiesaFn_ expertise ekaslüvic½y expiration of a contract karputkMNt; énkic©snüa
explicit Cak;lak;/ ~ instruction bTbBa¢a Cak;lak; exploitation GaCIvkmµ/ ~ of natural resources kareFVIGaCIvkmµFnFanFmµCati exploration karrukrk/ oil ~ karrukrk eRbgkat exponential growth kMeNInGicSb:UNg;sIuEyl export v. & n. 1>naMecj 2>karnaMecj/ nIhr½N/ ~ article/item muxTMnijnaMecj/ ~ duty Bn§naMecj/ ~ subsidies ]btßmÖFn sMrab;karnaMecj/ ~ licence GaCJab½NÑnaMecj/ ~ monopoly karnaMecjpþac;mux/ ~ tariff taragBn§naMecj/ ~ of workers karnaMecj Blkmµ exportation karnaMecj/ nIhr½Nkmµ exporter GñknaMecj/ nIharin exporting firm Rkumh‘unnaMecj exports TMnijnaMecj ex-post project evaluation karvay tMéleRkayeBlKMeragcb; exposure (banking) haniP½y/ large ~ haniP½yFM extended fund facility (EFF) ]bkrN_sMrYlsMrab;mUlniFibEnßm extension karbnþeBl ¬eGay¦ extensive adj. yfapl/ ~ agriculture ksikmµyfapl external accounts KNnIépÞeRkA external aid CMnYyBIxageRkA ¬RbeTs¦ external balance CBa¢IgTUTat;GnþrCati externalities 1> plb:HBal;mkBIeRkA
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2> ktþaxageRkA extract sMrg; extraction karykecjmk/ karykEr:/ nisSarNkmµ extractive industry ]sSahkmµykEr: extradition btüab½n ¬karRbKl;CnCab;ecaTeTA[RbeTsepSg¦ extraordinary session sm½yRbCMuvisamBaØ extrapolation karKn;KUr extra-structural adjustment facility (ESAF) ]bkrN_sMrYlsMrab;EktMrUvbEnßm extrinsic reward rgVan;mkBIeRkA ex-warehouse priceéfø¬lk;¦ecjBIXøaMg ex-works/ex-factory price éfø ¬lk;¦ ecjBIeragcRk F, f fabric of peace, strengthen the BRgwgekasikasnþiPaBeGaypSarP¢ab;Kñal¥ face value tMélcuHelIb½NÑ facilitate v. CYysMrYl/ bgálkçN³gayRsYl facilities eRKOgsMrYlkar/ kEnøgsMrYlkar facility kargayRsYl/ ]bkrN_sMrYl/ extended fund ~ ]bkrN_sMrYlsMrab;mUlniFibEnßm fact GgÁehtu fact-finding mission ebskkmµEsVgrkkarBit factor ktþa/ ~ cost ktþatMél ¬BaküeRbIkñúg KNnICatisMedAdl;plitplKittaméføTIpSar bUk]btßmÖFn dkBn§pÞal;ecj¦/ primary ~ cost ktþatMélbzm/ primary ~ income
ktþacMnUlbzm/ primary ~ of production ktþaplitkmµbzm factual Cak;Esþg/ ~ situation sßanPaBCak;Esþg fad GVIEdleKniymmYyRKa² fail v. xkxan/ kS½yFn/ KµaneCaKC½y fair mansmFm’/ edayyutþiFm’/ RtwmRtUv/ principle of ~ competition eKalkarN_ RbkYtRbECgRtwmRtUv/ ~ price éføsmrmü fairness PaBsmrmü fait(s) accompli(s) RBwtþin½y ¬GVIEdl)an ekItehIy bþÚrElg)an¦ fall in prices karFøak;éfø fall sharply v. Føak;cuHy:agKMhuk ¬]> éfø plitpl¦ fallacious EdlbMPan; false adj. Ekøgkøay/ minBit falsify v. Ekøgkøay family allowance(s) viPaCn_RKYsar/ R)ak;]btßmÖRKYsar family business GaCIvkmµCalkçN³RKYsar family food production plitkmµ es,ógCalkçN³RKYsar family scale (fishing) ¬karensaT¦ CalkçN³RKYsar family well-being suxumalPaBRKYsar famine TurÖikS/ karGt;Xøan fancy k,ac;k,Úr/ hWuha fare éføQñÜlyanCMniH/ concessionary ~ éfø QñÜlGnueRKaH/ full ~ éføQñÜleBj/ half ~ éfø QñÜlBak;kNþal/ single/one way ~ éføeFVI dMeNIrEteTA rW Etmk/ return ~ (roundtrip ~) éføeFVIdMeNIreTAmk/ high/low season ~ éføQñl
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x<s; rWTabtamrdUv farm ksidæan, ~ equipment brikçarksidæan farming rbrksikmµ/ extensive ~ kareFVI ksikmµtamEbbvibulvb,kmµ/ ksikmµyfapl/ intensive ~ ksikmµGtipl/ kareFVIksikmµtam EbbRbBlvb,kmµ far-sighted EdlemIleXIjEvgq¶ay FAS (free alongside ship) éføTMnijdwk dl;EKmnava fast selling items TMnijlk;dac;elOn fast-food restaurant ePaCnIydæan Gaharrh½s fauna rc¢³stV ¬BBYkstV¦ favor karGnueRKaH favourable GMeNaypl/ ~ conditions lkçxNÐGMeNaypl/ ~ trade balance CBa¢IgBaNiC¢kmµl¥ favouritism GnueRKaHniym fax TUrsar feasibility study karsikSaBIPaBGaceFVI)an rW karsikSaBIsmiT§ilT§PaB feature lkçN³sMKal;/ vtßúniTÞsSn_ fee kMér/ esah‘uy/ licence ~ kMérGaCJab½NÑ feedback B½t’manRtLb; ¬B½t’manpþl;mkeGayvij¦ feet, foot hVIt/ hVÚt/ ¬rgVas;RbEvg¦ felony bT]Rkidæ fertility PaBmankUn/ ~ rate GRtamankUn feudalism skþiPUminiym fiduciary Cnkan;tMENgCaTITMnukcitþ/ abuse of ~ karrMelaPesckþITukcitþ
fiduciary currency rUbiyvtßú rW R)ak;Rkdas fiduciary loan kMcIKµanvtßúFana field expenditure cMnaycuHeFVIkardl;kEnøg FIFO (first in, first out) hVIúhVÚ ¬cUlmun ecjmun¦ filing 1> kartMkl;Tuk 2> kardak;CUnBinitü filing system RbB½n§erobcMÉksar fill in a form bMeBjTMrg;EbbbT final cugeRkay/ ~ goods plitplsMerc/ ~ output Fatuecj¼plitpl cugeRkay/ ~ consumption kareRbIR)as;cugeRkay/ ~ provisions Gvsanb,BaØtiþ ¬c,ab;¦/ ~ settlement karTUTat;pþac; finance officer m®nþIhirBaØvtßú finance v. pþl;hirBaØb,Tan/ pþl;Tun financial énhirBaØvtßú/ ~ accounting KNenyühirBaØvtßú/ ~ assistance CMnYy hirBaØvtßú/ ~ autonomy sV½yPaBhirBaØvtßú/ ~ appropriation R)ak;viPaCn_/ ~ charge/ cost bnÞúkcMNayhirBaØvtßú/ ~ crisis vibtiþ hirBaØvtßú/ ~ forecast karBüakrN_hirBaØvtßú/ ~ institution sßab½nhirBaØvtßú/ ~ panic GehtuP½yhirBaØvtßú/ ~ liquidation karCMrH hirBaØvtßú/ ~ pressure sMBaF hirBaØvtßú/ ~ rate of return GRtaTajcMNUlhirBaØvtßú/ ~ reform kMENTMrg;hirBaØvtßú/ ~ services esva hirBaØvtßú/ ~ shocks karb:HTgÁicxaghirBaØvtßú/ ~ self-sufficiency PaBm©as;karxaghirBaØvtßú/ ~ standing sßanPaBhirBaØvtßú/ CMhrhirBaØvtßú/ ~ year qñaMhirBaØvtßú/ kariybriecäT financial cost-benefit analysis (FCBA)
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karviPaKcMNay nigplcMeNjhirBaØvtßú financial manager (French:
ordonnateur) GaNab½k/ principal ~ GaNab½k edImExS/ delegated ~ GaNab½kepÞrsiT§i financing hirBaØb,Tan/ ~ arm saxapþl; hirBaØb,Tan/ ~ modalities EbbbTpþl; hirBaØb,Tan finding rbkKMehIj/ lT§plrkeXIj/ KMehIj/ karrkeXIj fine v. & n. 1> pakBin½y 2> R)ak;pakBin½y finished goods/products plitpl sMerc fire insurance karFanar:ab;rgeRKaHGKÁIP½y firm GgÁPaBGaCIB/ shRKas firm offer karsnüalk;Cak;lak; firm sale karlk;pþac; ¬tamkic©snüaRtwmRtUv¦ fiscal énsareBIBn§/ ~ deficit »nPaB sareBIBn§/ ~ policy neya)aysareBIBn§/ ~ year qñaMsareBIBn§ fish culture/farming karciBa©wmRtI fisheries reform kMENTMrg;vis½yensaT nigClpl fisheries resource FnFanClpl fishery karensaT fishery zone EdnensaT/ reserved ~ EdnensaTbMrugTuk fishing lot LÚt_ensaT fixed Cab;lab;/ efr/ Gcl½t/ ~ asset RTBü skmµCab;lab;/ Gclkmµ/ ~ capital TunGcl½t/ Gclkmµ¬CamUlFn¦/ ~ cost/ expenses bnÞúkcMNayefr/ ~ deposit R)ak;beBaØIman kalkMNt;/ ~ rate GRtaefr ¬minERbRbYl¦ fixing of quotas karkMNt;kUta/ kardak;kUta
fixture eRKOgbMBak;Cab;/ fixtures and fittings eRKOgbMBak; ¬TaMgGcl½t nigcl½t Edllk;eTACamYynwgpÞH¦ flammable substance sarFatueqH flat sMEb:t/ rab/ qakar/ ~ fee kMérqaka/ ~ price éføqakar flaw ex©aH/ KuNvibtþi flawed Edlmanex©aH/ EdlmanKuNvibtþi flexible Edlbt;Ebn)an/ Tn;Pøn;/ ~ exchange rate GRtabþÚrR)ak; rs;¼Tn;Pøn; flight of capital lMhUrelOnecjmUlFn flimsy paper RkdaseBIelo ¬RkdasesþIg¦ float v. 1> GENþt/ 2> dak;[GENþt/ floating rate GRta ¬karR)ak;¦ GENþt floating capital TuunbgVil flooded forest éRBlicTwk floor price éføGb,brma flora rukçCati flotation of a new company karcab;epIþm ebIkRkumh‘unfµIedaylk;snøwkh‘unrbs;Rkumh‘unenaH flow lMhUr/ karhUr flow chart tarag/ GgÁkarelx flow, stock snñiFiiicracr fluctuation kareLIgcuH¬éfø¦ FOB (free on board) éføTMnijdwkdl;elInava FOB airport éføTMnijdwkdl;Gakasyandæan FOB shipment to destination éføTMnijdwkdl;eKaledA FOB trimmed éføTMnijdwkdl;elInava nigerobeGay FOB under tackle éføTMnijdwkdl;eRkamdgeyag
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focal point cMNucRbsBV focus v. & n. 1> epþat 2> cMNucepþat following tameRkay/ ~ year qñaMeRkay ¬qñaMeRkayTI1¦ follow-up v. & n. tamdanbnþ food mðÚbGahar/ es,óg/ ~ price index snÞsSn_éfømðÚbGahar/ ~ products/stuffs plitples,óg food balance tulükares,óg ¬brimaN es,ógTaMgGs;Edlman eFobnwg cMnYnRbCaCn EdlRtUvciBa©wm¦ food for work es,ógsMrab;Blkmµ ¬]> GgárBlkmµ¦ food security snþisuxes,óg FOR (free on rail) éføTMnijdwkdl;elIpøÚvEdk force 1> kMlaMg 2> kMlaMgBlkmµ force majeure RbFanskþi force, come into cUlCaFrman/ manRbsiT§PaB forecast v. & n. BüakrN_ foreclose a mortgage v. bþwgGMNUs/ rwbGUskmµsiT§iGclnvtßúdak;Fana/ bþwgTamTar kmµsiT§i niekçbRTBü¼RTBübBa©aM ¬edaysareK min)ansgbMNultamkic©snüa¦ foregoing esckþIeTIbelIkeLIg
foreign breTs/ ~ accounts KNnIenA breTs/ ~ assets RTBüskmµbreTs/ RTBübeBaØI enAbreTs/ ~ balance CBa¢IgTUTat; GnþrCati/ ~ currency/exchange rUbiyvtßú breTs ¬rW rUbiyb½NѦ/ ~ exchange auction karedjéfø rUbiyb½NÑ/ ~ direct investment (FDI)
vinieyaKpÞal;BIbreTs/ ~ inflows lMhUrcUlBI breTs ¬CMnYy/ rUbiyb½NÑ>>¦/ ~ liabilities (bank) RTBüGkmµbreTs/ ~ reserves FnbMrug breTs/ ~ trade BaNiC¢kmµ eRkARbeTs foreign-aid programme kmµviFICMnYybreTs foreign-trade turnover cMNUlBaNiC¢kmµeRkARbeTs foreman emkar/ emRkum ¬Cag/ kmµkr¦ foresight karyl;dwgmun forest éRBeQI/ protected ~ areas tMbn;éRBkarBar/ ~ concession éRBsm,Tan/ coupe ~ éRBKub/ operable ~ éRBeQIGac eFVIGaCIvkmµ)an forest product/sub-product GnupléRBeQI forestry rukçsaRsþ forfeit money R)ak;Bin½y forfeit v. kat;ecj/ )at;bg; ¬CakarBin½y¦ forfeited to the government ¬RtUv)an¦ rwbGUsCasm,tþirdæ forgery karEkøg form RTg;RTay/ legal ~ rUbPaBKtiyutþ form (document) TMrg;kar ¬Éksar¦ form and legal concepts of the law TMrg; nig Kti énc,ab; formal pøÚvkar/ erobry/ ~ sector vis½y erobry formalities EbbbT/ TMrg;EbbbT/ TMrg;kar/ fulfil v. ~ bMeBjEbbbT formulation mission ebskkmµelIkmti forward mankalkMNt; ¬enAGnaKt¦/ ~ delivery karRbKl;mankalkMNt;/
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~ price éfølk;mankalkMNt; forward v. bBa¢ÚnTMnij forwarding agency TIPñak;gardwkCBa¢Ún forwarding, advice of lixitCUndMNwg bBa¢ÚnTMnij FOT (free on truck) éføTMnijdwkdl;elIrfynþ foul bill of lading b½NÑdwkCBa¢Únminl¥ ¬EdlbBa¢ak;BIsßanPaBTMnijminl¥enAeBl m©as;navaTTYlva¦ foundation 1> RKwH/ mUldæanRKwH/ xøwmsar 2> mUlniFi founder n. sßabnik/ GñkbegIátRkumh‘un founder v. rlM/ TTYlbraC½y founding instrument ÉksarbegáIt ¬Rkumh‘un¦ frame Rkb/ Rkbx½NÐ framework Rkbx½NÐ franchise siT§ieRbIeQµaHBaNiC¢kmµ ¬edIm,IeFVIGaCIvkmµ¦ franchisee GñkTTYlsiT§ieRbIeQµaHBaNiC¢kmµ franchiser Gñkpþl;siT§ieGayeRbIeQµaHBaNiC¢kmµ fraud karéKbnøM fraudulent EdléKbnøM free esrI/ ~ market economy esdækic© pSaresrI/ carriage ~ dwkeGayminKitéfø ¬GñkTijmin)ac;ecjéfødwkeT¦ free alongside ship (FAS) éfødwkTMnijdl;EKmnava free board and lodging Gaharnigsñak;enAeday\tbg;éfø free currency rUbiyvtßúTijlk;)anedayesrI ¬rdæKµandak;kMhitRtYtRta¦
free of charge eday\tbg;éfø free on board and trimmed (see FOB trimmed) éføTMnijdwkdl;elInava nigerobeGay free on rail (see FOR) free on truck (see FOT) free will ¬eday¦ suT§citþ freedom of association esrIPaBksagsmaKm freehold property kmµsiT§iKµankalkMNt; freeze kk/ bgák/ wage freeze karbgák ebovtSr_ ¬mineGayeLIgcuH¦ freight éfødwkCBa¢Ún/ ~ forward éfødwkRtUv bg;edayGñkTij freight prepaid éfødwkCBa¢Ún)anbg;mun freight, ad valorem éfødwkCBa¢Únyktam éføTMnij frequency PaBjwkjab;/ eRhVkg; ¬]> viTüú¦ freshwater Twksab/ ~fisheries karensaTTwksab ~fish RtITwksab fringe benefits GtßRbeyaCn_bEnßm
frozen account KNnI p¥wb¼bBaÄb; frozen assets RTBüp¥ib/ RTBüCab;kþI frozen capital mUlFn p¥wb¼bBaÄb; fruitful EdlmanEpøpáa fuel eRKOgeqH/ \n§n³ full eBj/ Eq¥t/ sBVRKb;/ ~ price éføeBj ¬KµancuHéfø¦/ ~ capacity smtßPaBeBjelj full time work kargareBjem:ag fully fledged bank FnaKarmanRKb;esva ¬EdlFMFat;eBjrUbrag¦
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full-right representative tMNageBjsiT§i fully paid up Edl)anTUTat;TaMgRsug function muxgar fund mUlniFi/ ~ accounting systems RbB½n§KNenyümUlniFi/ ~ flow lMhUrmUlniFi/ ~ raising karérGgÁasmUlniFi fund (French: provision) sMviFanvtßú ¬sMrab;TUTat;mUlb,Tanb½Rt¦ fundamental adj. CaRKwH/ CamUldæan/ ~ research karRsavRCavCaRKwH funding agency/project TIPñak;gar¼ KMerag pþl;mUlniFi funds held in trust mUlniFibeBaØI ¬]> GgÁkar k EdleTIbbegáItfµI minTan;manKNnIenAFnaKar enAeLIy. TaykGacpþl;R)ak; eGayGgÁkar k edayepJIvacUl KNnIrbs;GgÁkar x Edlman TMMnak;TMngl¥CamYyxøÜn edIm,I[GgÁkarenHebIkpþl; bnþeTA[GgÁkar k¦ fungibility PaBEdlGacykeTACMnYsKña)an ¬rbs;nimYy²Kµan lkçN³¼tMrUvkar edIm,IsMKal; ecjBIKñaeT³ ]> EdkeKal¦/ fungible adj. fungibles TMnijGacføwg¼rab;>>>)an future value tMélGnaKt G, g gain n. & v. 1> kMeNIn/ capital ~ tMélelIs ¬elIkarlk;RTBüskmµCab;lab;¦ 2> ekIneT,Ig/ cMeNj ¬CaR)ak;¦ galloping inflation GtiprNaelatepøaH
gamble on the stock exchange v. elgEl,gTijdUrsnøwkh‘un gap KMlat garment industry ]sShkmµkat;edr garnishee n. ttiyCnGMNUs ¬GñkEdlCMBak; R)ak;dl;buKÁlmñak; ehIyEdlRtUvtulakarbBa¢a[ sgR)ak;eTAm©as;bMNulrbs;buKÁlmñak;enaH¦ gateway mat;Rck/ international comm-unication ~ mat;RckTUrKmnaKmn_GnþrCati gather RbmUlpMúþ GATT (General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade) hÁat;/ kic©RBmeRBogTUeTAsþIBI taragBn§KynigBaNiC¢kmµ GDP (gross domestic product) pss ¬plitplkñúgRsuksrub¦ gem or gemstone t,ÚgmantMél gender eynD½r ¬tYnaTIbursRsþI¦ gene EhSn/ modify a gene EkécñEhSn general 1> TUeTA/ eKalkarN_ ¬kñúgRbkas>>¦/ ~ points (in law) kMNt;TUeTA/ ~ provisions bTb,BaØtþiTUeTA 2> GKÁ/ ~ director GKÁnayk general and administrative expenses cMNayTUeTA nigcMNayrdæ)al general inspector GKÁaFikar/ deputy ~ GKÁaFikarrg general inspectorate GKÁaFikardæan general ledger (accounting) esovePAFM general meeting mhasnñi)at general partner GñkcUlh‘unKµankMrit ¬TTYlxusRtUvKµankMrit¦ general regulations nItirYm
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general rule, as a tamviFanTUeTA generality PaBTUeTA generalisation kareFVI[manlkçN³TUeTA Generalised System of Preferences (GSP) RbB½n§GnueRKaHTUeTA generally accepted accounting
principle (GAAP) eKalkarN_ KNenyümankarTTYlsÁal;TUeTA
genetic énEhSn/ ~ sequence lMdab;EhSn genetic modification (GM) karécñµEhSn/GM food GaharécñEhSn/ GM agricultureksikmµécñEhSn genome CINUm/ sMNMuEhSn genus BYk/ CMBUk ¬stV/ rukçCati >>>¦ geography, economic PUmiviTüaesdækic© geology PUKBÖsaRsþ gesture kayvikar gift GMeNay gilt-edged investments vinieyaKman suvtßiPaBx<s; ¬]> b½NÑrtnaKar¦ global adj. sakl/ srub/ ~ demand tMrUvkarsrub/ ~ social product plitpl sgÁmsrub/ ~ economic recession karFøak;cuHesdækic©Casakl globalisation of economy saklPavUbnIykmµesdækic© glossary sTÞanuRkm/ bTanuRkm glut eRcInkkkuj/ ~ the market eRcIn liclg;TIpSar GNP (gross national product) plitplCatisrub/ plTunCatisrub/ ~ deflator snÞsSn_britþprNaplitplCatisrub
goal eKaledA going concern GaCIvkmµmandMeNIrkar going price éføFmµta/ éføcrnþ going rate GRtaFmµta/ GRtacrnþ gold standard sþg;darmas/ ~ system RbB½n§bþÚrR)ak;tamsþg;darmas goods TMnij/ capital ~ TMnijmUlFn/ consumer/consumable ~ TMnijeRbIR)as;/ dry ~ RkNat;nigexaGav/ faulty ~ TMnij xUcKuNPaB/ finished ~ plitplsMerc/ free circulation ~ TMnijcracresrI/ luxury ~ TMnijRbNit/ household ~ TMnijeRbIR)as;kñúg pÞH/ manufactured ~ TMnijeFVIedaym:asuIn/ ~ and services TMnij nigesva/ ~ in bond TMnijenAXøaMgKy ¬rg;caMkarbg;Bn§¦/ ~ in stock TMnijkñúgsþúk/ ~ left on hand TMnijRtUv )anbdiesFminTTYl/ ~ in transit TMnijqøg kat;/ ~ on consignment TMnijepJIeTAlk; goodwill 1> ekrþ×eQµaHCMnYj/ mUlniFiBaNiC¢kmµ 2> suqnÞ³ governance GPi)alkic©/ local ~ GPi)al kic©mUldæan government rdæaPi)al/ ~ and institutional accounting KNenyürdæaPi)al nigKNenyü sßab½n/ ~ agency sßab½nrdæ/ ~ securities sBaØab½NÑrdæaPi)al grace period (debt payment) efrevlaGnueRKaH grade (civil servant) fñak; grading karEbgEckKuNPaB grand plan bøg;cMbg
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grand total srubrYm grandstanding karykkMBs; grant GMeNayhirBaØvtßú/ ~ aid CMnYy\tsMNg graphics RkahVik/ BinÞúerxIy_ grassroots level kMritmUldæan grassroots organisation GgÁkarfñak;eRkam ¬kMritRbCaCn¦ gratuity R)ak;sKuN/ sT§aTan/ CMnUn ¬tbsñg¦ Greater Mekong Sub-region mhaGnutMbn;emKgÁ green revolution bdivtþn_ébtg greenhouse pÞHkBa©k;/ ~ effect bc©½y pÞHkBa©k;/ ~ gas ]sµ½npÞHkBa©k; grid bNþaj ¬RbTak;RkLa¦ gross dul/ srub/ ~ domestic product (GDP) plitplkñúgRsuksrub ¬pss¦/ ~ margin cMeNjdul/ Gb,hardul ¬Ca PaKryénéfølk;¦/ ~ national product (GNP) plitpl¼plTun Catisrub/~ price éfødul/ ~ negligence kareFVsRbEhsF¶n;F¶r ¬c,ab;¦/ ~ output Fatuecjdul/ ~ profit cMeNjdul/ ~ proceeds/receipts/returns cMNUldul/ ~ weight TMgn;dul groupage/grouped bill of lading vikáybRtdwkCBa¢Únsrub growth kMeNIn/ karlUtlas;/ ~ rate GRtakMeNIn GSP (Generalised System of Preferences) RbB½n§GnueRKaHTUeTA guarantee karFana/ vtßúFana/ ~ for a loanvtßFanasMrab;kMcI/ ~ of payment karFana
TUTat;/ ~ certificate or certificate of ~ b½NÑFanaKuNPaB/ quality ~ karFanaKuNPaB guaranteed bill of exchange rUbiyaNtþimankarFana guaranteed deposit fund R)ak;kk; guarantees and commitments under
signature (banking) karsnüatamhtßelxa guarantor GñkFana ¬]> elIGñkNamñak; kñúgkarsgbMNul¦
guardianship GaNaBüa)al
guideline eKalkarN_ENnaM guilt BiruT§PaB H, h habitual CaTMlab; hacker hak;K½r ¬GñklYceRCotcUleTAkñúg RbB½n§kMuBüÚT½rrbs;GñkdéT ¦ half Bak;kNþal/ first ~ of the 6th century Bak;kNþalTI1 énstvtSr_TI6 hallucination mmal/ karmmal hand bill xitþb½NÑ ¬b½NÑeXasnapSBVpSay EckeGaypÞal;éd¦ handicraft sib,kmµ/ vtßúeFVIedayéd/ ~ goods TMnijsib,kmµ handle cat;Ecg/ edaHRsay/ ~ a situation edaHRsaysßankarN_ handling (goods) karelIkdak; hard rwg/ lM)ak/ ~ condition lkçxNÐ twgEtg/ ~ bargain kartéfød¾twgEtg/ ~ cash
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sac;R)ak;mankñúgéd hard disk (computer) fasrwg hardware eRKOgcRkF¶n;/ Faturwg ¬kMuBüÚT½r¦ harmonisation suxdumnIykmµ/ kareFVI[ manPaBcuHsMrugKña harmonised EdlrlUnKña harmony PaBsuxdumrmna harsh conditions lkçxNÐtwgEtg haulage éfødwkTMnij/ kardwkTMnij ¬tamrfynþ rW rfePøIg¦/ ~ cost (rates) éfødwkTMnij/ ~ company/firm Rkumh‘undwkCBa¢ÚnTMnij hazardous EdlRbkbedayeRKaHfñak; head office kariyal½yFM/ TIcat;karFM head tax Bn§mnusS heading cMNgeCIg/ xÞg; ¬taragtulükar¦ headquarters (of a company) TIsñak;karkNþal health care karEfTaMsuxPaB healthy EdlmansuxPaBl¥/ ~ balance sheet taragtulükarEsþgplcMeNj/ ~ profitplcMeNjkñúgcMnYny:ageRcIn hearing svnakar heavy equipment brikçarFunF¶n; heavy industry ]sSahkmµFunF¶n; hedged ¬EdlRtUv)an¦karBarkarxatbg; heir TayaT ¬GñkTTYlmrtk¦ hereafter BIenHteTA hereby tamry³enH heritage mrtk/ national ~ ebtikP½NÐCati heterogeneity PaBminesµIsac; heterogeneous laycMruHKña/ visman/ visPaK ¬mindUcKña/ minesµIsac;¦
hidden adj. bgáb;/ ~ reserves FnbMrugbgáb; hierarchy zananuRkm high grade (ore) KuNPaBx<s; ¬Er:¦ high school viTüal½y/ junior ~ GnuviTüal½y high-tech (sector) bec©kviTüax<s; ¬vis½y¦ hindsight karyl;dwgtameRkay ¬KWman bTBiesaFn_edayRBwtþikarN_)anekIteLIgehIy¦ hire-purchase agreement kic©snüaCYl-Tijpþac;/ kic©snüaTijbNþak; historic/historical cost tMéltam RbvtþisaRsþ ¬tMélCak;EsþgkalBIeBlTijcUl¦ historical steps CMhanmanGtßn½yCaRbvtþisaRsþ hold in trust kan;kab;CakarepJITuk holder (of a cheque...) Gñkkan; holder in due course Gñkkan;kab;RtwmRtUv/ Kahkniy½t holding company Rkumh‘unhUlDij ¬kan; kab;Cag 50°énPaKh‘unkñúgRkumh‘unmYyeTot¦ home market pSarkñúgRsuk homelessness PaBKµanpÞHsMEbg home-made plitenA kñúgRsuk¼pÞH homogeneity PaBesµIsac; homogenous adj. sPaK/ esµIsac; ¬dUcKña¦ honorarium R)ak;sKuN horizontal epþk/ ~ coordination
karsMrbsMrYltamExSepþk ¬rW ExSTTwg¦ horticulture sakvb,kmµ/ kareFVIc,ardMNaM host government rdæaPi)alm©as;pÞH hot money (money moving frequently from one country to another) luyekþA household RKYsar/ RKY/ female-headed ~ RKYsarRsþIemRKY/ male-headed ~ RKYsar
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bursemRKY household equipment brikçareKhkic© household survey GegátRKYsar housing pÞHsñak;enA/ karpþl;pÞHsñak;enA/ pÞHsMEbg ¬xÞg;cMNay¦/ ~ loan kMcIsMrab; sg;¼TijpÞH human-capital investment vinieyaK TunmnusS humanism mnusSniym humanitarian assistance CMnYymnusSFm’ humanitarian relief karse®gÁaHEpñkmnusSFm’ humanity mnusSCati/ nrCati husbanding of resources karKitKUr sMécFnFan hydropower construction sMNg; varIGKÁisnI hyperinflation GtiprNaelatepøaH hypothesis smµtikmµ I, i idea KMnit ideal ]tþmKti idealised condition lkçxNÐsuRkitPaB identification GtþsBaØaNkmµ/ ~ mission ebskkmµ rksMKal;¼bMpusKMnit identify v. EsVgrkemIl/ rksMKal;/ sMKal; )antamPinPaK/ ideology menaKmn_viC¢a
idle TMenrecal/ KµaneRbIkar/ ~ capital TunKµaneRbIkar/ ~ time em:agTMenrecal ¬m:asuIneFVIkar)anEtKµandMeNIrkar¦ illegal adj. xusc,ab;/ ~ contract kic©snüa xusc,ab; illicit adj. xusc,ab;/ ~ alcohol Rsaxusc,ab; ill-will TuqnÞ³ ¬bMNgGaRkk;¦ imbalance GtulüPaB/ nantþþPaB imaginary profit cMeNjRbDit immaculate Ecs ¬fµI/ s¥at¦
immediate objective TisedAbnÞan; immediate payment karTUTat;Pøam² immediate supervisor GñkemIlkarxus RtUvpÞal; immobilise (finance) eFVIGclkmµ immoral GsIlFm’ immovable (property) n. GclnRTBü immunity 1> PaBsuaM ¬nwgCMgW¦ 2> GP½yÉksiT§i/ diplomatic ~ GP½yÉksiTi§ karTUt impact plb:HBal; impartial minlMeGog impartiality PaBminlMeGog/ GnaKti impeccable \tex©aH imperfection PaBmanex©aH/ GnibuNPaB impetus n. snÞúHCMruj implementation of a law karGnuvtþn_c,ab; implementing agency TIPñak;garGnuvtþ import karnaMcUl/ GahrN/ ~ duty Bn§ naMcUl/ ~ permit GaCJab½NÑnaMcUl/ ~ quota kUtanaMcUl
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importer GñknaMcUl/ Gaharin import-export GahrN-nIhrN/ karnaMecj-naMcUl imports TMnijnaMcUl/ vieTsP½NÐ impose taxes eGaybg;Bn§ impoundment karXat;cab;Tuk ¬rfynþ/ TUk>>>¦ impression cMNab;GarmµN_ improvement karEklMG/ suvuDÆikmµ impunity niTNÐPaB/ PaBrYceTas/ culture of ~ vb,Fm’niTNÐPaB impurity n. 1> PaBminsuT§ 2> GVIEdleFVI[minsuT§ ¬]> kkr¦ in good faith edayesµaHRtg; in post kñúgtMENg inaccuracy PaBminRtwmRtUv inaccurate adj. minRtwmRtUv inactive adj. Gskmµ inadequate minsmlµm inappropriate minsmRsb/ ~ aid CMnYy minsmRsb incapacity GsmtßPaB/ physical/mental ~ kar)at;bg;smtßPaBxag bBaØa¼kaysm,Ta incentive eRKOgelIkTwkcitþ/ karelIkTwkcitþ/ investment ~ karelIkTwkcitþvinieyaK inception karkekIt incertitude PaBminR)akd incessant Edl\tQb;Qr incidence n. karekItman/ ~ of tax bnÞúkBn§ ¬cMnYnR)ak;Bn§RtUvFøak;elIbuKÁlNamñak;enAcugbBa©b;¦ incident ]b,tþiehtu incidental bnÞab;bnSM inclusion karrab;bBa©Úl
inclusive Edlrab;bBa©Úl/ Cabriyab½nñ income cMNUl/ plTun/ bdilaP/ disposable ~ cMNUleRkaykat;Bn§/ cMNUleRbI)anedayesrI/ private ~ cMNUleRkABIebovtSr_/ personal ~ cMNUlpÞal;xøÜn/ ~ account KNnIcMNUl/ ~ (collected) in advance cMNUl)anTTYlmun/ ~ per capita cMNUlkñúgmnusSmñak;/ ~ tax Bn§elIR)ak;cMNUl/ ~ statement r)aykarN_ cMNUl income-generating activities skmµPaBbegáItR)ak;cMNUl income-outlay accounts KNnIcMNUl-cMNay incompatibility vismitPaB/ PaBmincuHsMrug incompetence GsmtßPaB inconvenience plvi)ak inconvertible currency rUbiyvtßúminGac bþÚr ¬ykrUbiyvtßúdéT¦ )an incorporated cUlCaRkumh‘un/ )ancuHbBa¢I CaRkumh‘un incorporated company Rkumh‘un ¬CanItibuKÁleBjelj¦ increase v. & n. 1> ekIn 2> kMeNIn incremental EdlekInCadMNak;² indebtedness PaBCMBak;bMNul indefinite minCak;lak;/ KµankMnt; indemnify v. eFVIsMNg indemnity 1> sMNg karxUcxat¼CMgWcitþ 2> R)ak;bMNac; independent audit svnkmµÉkraCü in-depth suICMerA/ ~ evaluation karvaytMél suICMerA
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index snÞsSn_ indexation kardak;snÞsSn_ ¬]> eGay ebovtSr_ERbRbYleTAtamGtiprNa¦ indicator GaMgDIkaT½r/ sUcnakr indigenous people RbCaCnedIm indirect tax Bn§Rbeyal individual ÉktþCn/ buKÁl/ ~ insurance karFanar:ab;rgbuKÁl inducement eRKOgCMrujTwkcitþ industrialisation ]sSahUbnIykmµ industrious adj. ]sSah_¬Büayam¦ industry ]sSahkmµ/ rbr/ primary ~ ]sSahkmµvtßúFatuedIm/ secondary ~ ]sSahkmµEkécñ ¬BIvtßúFatuedImeTAplitpl¦/ light ~ ]sSahkmµFunRsal/ heavy ~ ]sSahkmµFunF¶n;/ extractive ~ ]sSahkmµ nisSarNkmµ ¬]> ]sSahkmµTajykEr:¦ inefficiency GRbsiT§PaB inequality vismPaB/ PaBminesµIKña/ income ~ vismPaBénR)ak;cMNUl infant mortality rate GRtamrN³kumar inference karsnñidæan inflammable goods TMnijGacqabeqH inflate bMe)a:g/ eFVIeGaymanGtiprNa/ inflated price éføbMe):ag ¬tMelIgx<s;eday Kµanehtupl¦ inflation GtiprNa/ ~ accounting KNenyü GtiprNa ¬éføRTBüskmµmanKitbBa©Úl GtiprNa¦/ ~ factor ktþaBRgIk/ ktþaGtiprNa inflationary gap KMlatGtiprNa inflationary period ry³eBlman
GtiprNa/ GtiprNakal inflexibility PaBrwgkMRBws/ PaBminrs;revIk inflict v. a penalty dak;eTasT½NÐ ¬]> cab;eGaybg;pakBin½y¦ inflow lMhUrcUl influential Edlman GnuPaB¼\T§iBl influx lMhUrKMhukcUl informal sector vis½yminerobry/ vis½y esdækic©eRkARbB½n§ information and communication
technology (ICT) bec©kviTüaB½t’man nigTUrKmnaKmn_
information technology (IT) bec©kviTüaB½t’man infrastructure ehdæarcnasm<½n§ infringe v. RbRBwtþxus/ elµIs ¬c,ab;/ kic©snüa>>> ¦/ infringement n. inheritance mrtk ¬GMBIGñksøab;¦ in-house adj. kñúgGgÁPaB/ ~ language training karbNþúHbNþalPasakñúgGgÁPaB initial adj. dMbUg/ ~ capital mUlFndMbUg ¬sMrab;cab;epþImGaCIvkmµ¦/ ~ price éfødMbUg initial outlay or initial capital outlay esah‘uybegáItshRKasdMbUg initial v. cuHhtßelxasegçb/ initialisation n. initiative KMnitpþÜcepþIm/ karpþÜcepþImKMnit injunction (judge's order) GFibBa¢a ¬bBa¢arbs;ecARkm¦
injustice GyutiþFm’ in-kind contribution viPaKTanCavtßú input n. FatucUl
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inquiry karsaksYr ¬B½t’man/ éfø>>¦/ letter of ~ lixitsaksYrB½t’man insensitivity 1> GevTyitPaB 2> PaBmincab;GarmµN_ insider trading karCYjdUrh‘uneday GñképÞkñúg ¬EdldwgB½t’mansMgat;BIRkumh‘un¦ insolvency PaBminGacsgbMNul)an/ GsaFPaB inspect v. eFVIGFikarkic©/ RtYtBinitü inspection GFikarkic©/ ~ fee kMéresva GFikarkic©/ pre-shipment ~ GFikarkic©TMnijmun eBlpÞúk/ ~ certificate viBaØabnb½RtGFikarkic© inspectorate RkumGFikarkic© installation zbnkmµ/ karerobcMtMelIg/ ~ cost cMNaypÁMútMelIg instalment R)ak;sgbNþak;/ ~ system RbB½n§TUTat;bNþak; instalment sales credit or instalment
plan buying karlk;¼Tij edayTUTat;sg bNþak;
instalment shipment karbBa¢ÚnTMnijCabeNþIr² institutional finance hirBaØvtþúsßab½n institutionalisation sßabnUbnIykmµ institutionalise eFVIsßabnUbnIykmµ/ ksag Casßab½n instruction bTbBa¢a/ esckþIENnaM instrument briFan/ ]bkrN_/ negotiable ~ ]bkrN_TUTat; instrument of accession lixitUbkrN_ cUlCaPaKI instrument of ratification lixitUbkrN_énkarpþl;sc©ab½n
insufficiency PaBminRKb;RKan; insurance karFanar:ab;rg/ all risks ~ karFanar:ab;rghaniP½yRKb;RbePT/ car ~ karFanar:ab;rgelIrfynþ/ life ~ karFana r:ab;rgelICIvit/ ~ agent Pñak;garFanar:ab;rg/ ~ certificate viBaØabnb½RtFanar:ab;rg/ ~ company Rkumh‘unFanar:ab;rg/ ~ law c,ab;sþIBIkarFanar:ab;rg/ ~ policy b½NÑsnüa r:ab;rg/ ~ premium(s) buBVlaPFanar:ab;rg insured n. GñkRtUv)anFanar:ab;rg insurer GñkFanar:ab;rg intake karRsUbcUl intangible GrUbI/ ~ assets RTBüGrUbI integration smahrNkmµ/ karbBa©ÚlKña/ ~ of industry smahrNkmµ]sSahkmµ/ vertical ~ smahrNkmµbBaÄr integrity PaBs¥ats¥M/ territorial ~ bUrNPaBEdndI intellectual property kmµsiT§ibBaØa intelligible Edlyl;)an intensification RbBlkmµ/ RbBlvb,kmµ/ agricultural ~ RbBlvb,kmµksikmµ intensive Gtipl/ ~ agriculture ksikmµGtipl intention bMNg/ ectna interaction Gnþrkmµ interactive Gnþrskmµ inter-bank adj. GnþrFnaKar/ ~ settlement
system RbB½n§TUTat;GnþrFnaKar inter-censal decade TsvtSr_cenøaHCMerOn interdependence karBwgEp¥kKñaeTAvijeTAmk interest 1> plRbeyaCn_ 2> karR)ak;/
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compound ~ karR)ak;smas, high/low ~ karR)ak; x<s;¼Tab/ simple ~ karR)ak;samBaØ/ ~ due date éf¶KitkarR)ak;/ ~ period kalKitkarR)ak; interest rate GRtakarR)ak;/ ~ for savingsGRtakarR)ak;snSM interference kareRCotERCk integrate v. eFVIsmahrNkmµ/ dak;bBa©Úl/ ~ed pest management (IPM) viFankarcMruHEfTaMdMNaM interim sþITI/ beNþaHGasnñ intermediary project KMeragGnþrkarI intermediate goods TMnijGnþrkarI intermediate output FatuecjGnþrkarI/ plitplGnþrkarI intermediate technology bec©kviTüa fñak;kNþal intermediation GnþrkarIkmµ/ financial ~ GnþrkarIkmµhirBaØvtßú intern n. (see trainee) kmµsikSakarI internal épÞkñúg/ ~ affairs kic©karépÞkñúg/ ~ audit svnkmµépÞkñúg/ ~ control karRtYt BinitüépÞkñúg/ ~ rate of return (IRR) GRta TajcMNUlépÞkñúg/ ~ transfer bEgVrépÞkñúg international GnþrCati/ ~ standard sþg;dar GnþrCati/ ~ bidding/tendering karedjéfø CaGnþrCati/ ~ relations TMnak;TMngGnþrCati International Air Transport
Association (IATA) smaKm dwkCBa¢ÚnpøÚvGakasGnþrCati
International Monetary Fund (IMF)
mUlniFirUbiyvtßúGnþrCati International Organisation for
Standardisation (ISO) GgÁkarGnþrCati xagsþg;darUbnIykmµ
internet GuinfWNit/ ~ -cafe salbMerIGuinfWNit intersect v. (graph lines) kat;Kña inter-sectoral Gnþrvis½y interview v. & n. 1> sMPas/ eFVIsMPas 2> bTsMPasn_/ semi-structured ~ bTsMPasn_Bak;kNþalerobry ¬eRbIbBa¢IsMnYr mYyPaK nigsYrEfmmYyPaK¦ interviewee n. GñkeqøIysMPasn_ interviewer n. GñksYrsMPasn_ intimidate v. bMPitbMP½y intra-cluster kñúgrgVg;kBa©úM intrinsic sCÄnþik³ introduction esckþIepþIm intuition GBÖnþjaN inundated forest (see flooded forest) éRBlicTwk invalidate v. cat;TukCaemaX³ invaluable adj. kat;éfømin)an
invasion karlukluy/ ~ of privacy karrMelaPsiTi§CaÉkCn inventory sareBIPNн/ sþúk/ TMnij/ draw up an ~ eFVIbBa¢IsareBIP½NÐ inventory stock card b½NÑsþúk invest v. vinieyaK/ eFVIvinieyaK investigate v. esuIbGegát investment n. vinieyaK/ karbNþak;Tun/ ~ licence GaCJab½NÑvinieyaK
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investor vinieyaKin/ GñkvinieyaK invisible adj. emIlmineXIj/ ~ assets RTBüGrUbI invoice vikáybRt involuntary Gectna/ \tbMNg involvement kar cUlBak;B½n§¼Bak;B½n§ IOU (I owe you) lixitTTYlCMBak; ¬xJúMCMBak;Gñk¦ irrecoverable Edl RbmUlmin)an¼ Tarmin)an irregular mineTogTat;/ minRbRktI irregularities (mistakes) PaBminRbRktI ¬kMhus¦
irrelevant EdlminTak;Tg irreversible adj. EdlminGacERbRkLas;)an irrevocable adj. minGacbdiesF)an/ ~ letter of credit sar\NTanminGac bdiesF)an irrigate v. eRsacRsB/ irrigation n. issuance kare)aHpSay ¬RkdasR)ak;¦ issue bank FnaKare)aHpSayRkdasR)ak; issue v. (a licence) ecj ¬GaCJab½NѦ/ currency issued rUbiyvtßúe)aHpSay issuing bank (for a letter of credit) FnaKarebIksar\NTan IT (Information Technology) bec©kviTüaB½t’man item 1> GIv:an;/ mux ¬TMnij¦ 2> xÞg;/ cancel an ~ (accounting) bdiesFelxna/ enter an ~ cuHelxna/ off-balance sheet items xÞg;eRkAtaragtulükar
J, j jettison TMlak;GIv:an;ecalxøHedIm,IsMral ¬nava/ ynþehaH¦
job kargar/ white-collar ~ or office ~
kargarkñúgkariyal½y/ ~ description BiBN’ nakagar/ ~ design KMeragkargar/ bøg;kargar/ ~ grading/ranking cMNat;fñak;kargar/ ~ holder Gñkkan;kargar/ ~ lot TMnijcMruH mYydMu² eRcInGn;² niglk;efak²/ ~ rotation
karbþÚrevnkargar/ ~ specialisation
ÉkeTskmµkargar/ ~ title eQµaHkargar joblessness PaBGt;kargareFVI/ nikmµPaB joint (enterprise, committee) cMruH joint (liability) ¬karTTYlxusRtUv¦ rYmKña/ ~ and several liability karTTYlxusRtUv rYmKñanigerog²xøÜn joint account KNnIrYm ¬manm©as;KNnIBI 2nak;eLIgeTA¦
joint inter-ministerial committee KN³kmµaFikarcMruHGnþrRksYg joint owner m©as;kmµsiTi§rYmKña joint venture ¬KMerag¦ vinieyaKcMruH/ ~ enterprise shRKassmasPaBesdækic©cMruH joint-stock bank FnaKarrYmPaKh‘un joint-stock company (see public limited company) saCIvkmµRkumh‘unPaKh‘un
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journal 1> Tinñanub,vtþi ¬KNenyü¦ 2> sarB½t’man journal voucher b½NÑTinñanub,vtþi/ skçIb½RtcuHbBa¢I journalising karcuHTinñanub,vtþi judgement 1> karvinicä½y 2> salRkm ¬tulakar¦ judicial record lixitefáaleTas ¬tulakar¦ judicial reform kMENTMrg;RbB½n§yutþiFm’ judiciary GgÁecARkm jump-start cab;epþIm[)anqab; junk n. rbs;Gt;RbeyaCn_/ rbs;eGtcay juridical Ktiyutþi ¬EdlRsbtamc,ab; nig rebobrbbén c,ab;¼tulakar¦ jurisdiction Ednsmtßkic©/ yutþaFikar just adj. RtwmRtUv/ yutþiFm’ justification of a project kareFVIyutþikmµ KMerag/ karbgðajehtuplBItMrUvkareFVIKMerag justified (expense...) ¬cMNay>>>¦ man skçIkmµ justify eFVIyutþikmµ K, k key role tYnaTIKnøwH keynote address sunÞrkfaKnøwH kind, payment in karTUTat;Cavtßú
L, l label søak ¬sMrab;biTelIplitpl¦ labour Blkmµ ¬kargar rWBlkr¦/ casual ~ BlkmµGENþt ¬ry³eBlkargarxøI¦/ manual ~ htßkmµ/ organised ~ BlkmµcUlshCIB/ skilled ~ BlkmµmanCMnaj/ ~ card b½NÑ kargar/ ~ force kMlaMgBlkmµ/ ~ laws c,ab; Blkmµ/ ~ productivity plitPaBénBlkmµ/ ~ security snþisuxBlkmµ/ ~ turnover GRtabuKÁlikecj ¬BIGgÁPaB¦/ ~ union or trade union shCIB labourer Blkr/ day ~ TinikCn/ Blkr suIR)ak;éf¶ labour-intensive adj. eRbIBlkmµeRcIn/ GtiBlkmµ/ ~ industry ]sSahkmµGtiBlkmµ lack kgVH/ ~ of balance )at;tulüPaB/ ~ of confidence kgVHTMnukcitþ lading n. karpÞúkTMnij/ ~ port kMBg;EppÞúkTMnij laissez-passer lixitebIkpøÚv land dI/ dIFøI/ ~ alienation karepÞrkmµsiT§idI/ ~ conflict TMnas;dIFøI/ ~ degradation karcuH KuNPaBdI/ karxUcdI/ ~ dispute vivaTdIFøI/ ~ encroachment karrMelaPykdI/ ~ grabbing karT®nÞanykdI/ ~ owner m©as;dI/ ~ ownership kmµsiT§idIFøI/ ~ reform kMENTMrg;dIFøI/ ~ survey GegátdIFøI/ zanKNit/ ~ restructuring karEkERbdIFøIeLIgvij/ ~ settlement dMeNaH RsaydIFøI/ ~ tenure karkan;kab;dI
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land dispute settlement committee KN³kmµaFikaredaHRsay)atuPaBdIFøI landless adj. KµandI landlessness PaBKµandIFøI landlocked country RbeTsKµanRcksmuRT landlord m©as; dI¼pÞH ¬EdlCYl[eK¦ landscape eTsPaB/ protected ~ tMbn;eTsPaBkarBar large-scale survey GegátRTg;RTayFM latent minTan;Cak;Esþg launch n. kardak;ecjCaelIkdMbUgnUv ¬]> plitplelITIpSar¦ law c,ab;/ draft ~ esckþIRBagc,ab;/ ~ of contract c,ab;énkic©snüa Law on Co-Statute of Civil Servants c,ab;sþIBI shlkçnþik³m®nþIraCkarsuIvil Law on Financial Management c,ab;sþIBIhirBaØvtßúsMrab;karRKb;RKg Law on Social Security c,ab;sþIBIrbbsnþisuxsgÁm lawful Rsbc,ab; lawless EdlGt;c,ab; ¬Kµanc,ab;RKb;RKg rW KµankareKarBc,ab;¦ laws and regulations c,ab; nig bTb,BaØtiþ¼lixitbTdæan lawsuit erOgkþI lawyer Gñkc,ab;/ emFavI lay in stock v. bBa©ÚlXøaMg lay off v. bBaÄb;buKÁlik lay out v. cay ¬R)ak;¦ layout of letter TMrg;¼bøg; sMbuRt leader 1> GñkdwknaM/ popular ~ emxül;
2> plitpllk;dac;CageK/ market ~ plitpl¼Rkumh‘un naMmuxeKelITIpSar leading naMmuxeK/ ~ indicator GaMgDIkaT½rnaMmux eK ¬Edlbgðajninñakar)anmunGaMDIkaT½rÉeTot¦ lease Ptisnüa/ karCYl ¬edaymankic©snüa¦/ finance ~ PtisnüahirBaØvtßú ¬kñúgenHshRKas RtUvkt;RtaRTBüCYlBIeKkñúgtaragtulükar nig eFVIrMls;va¦/ operating ~ PtisnüaRbtibtþikar ¬kñúgenHshRKasminRtUvkt;RtaRTBüCYlBIeKkñúgtaragtulükareT¦ lease v. CYl/ ~ back CYlmkvij least developed countries (LDCs) RbeTslUtlas;ticCageK ledger (accounting) esovePAFM/ purchase ~ esovePAFMTij legacy 1> Gc©½yTanCaclnRTBü ¬tammrtksasn_¦ 2> Gc©½yTan ¬ekrþצ
legal tamc,ab;/ nItüanukUl ~ capital edImTun tamc,ab;/ ~ document Éksartamc,ab;/ ~ representative GñktMNagtamc,ab;/ ~ framework Rkbx½NÐc,ab;/ ~ decision
esckþIsMerctamc,ab;/ ~ reserves FnbMrug tamc,ab; legal effect GanuPaBKtiyutiþ legal entity/person nItibuKÁl legal substance (French: nature juridique) nItisarCati legal tender rUbiymaRta/ R)ak;Edlc,ab; TTYlsÁal; legality PaBtamc,ab;/ nItüanukUlPaB legalise v. eFVIeGayeTAtamc,ab;/
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eFVInItüanukUlkmµ legatee Gc©½yTanlaPI ¬GñkTTYlsñgmrtk tamry³mrtksasn_¦ legator Gc©½yTayk legislation c,ab;/ nItikmµ legislative power 1> GMNacnItibBaØtþi ¬sPa¦ 2> GMNacbBaØtþi ¬sßab½nepSgeTot dUcCa RkumRbwkSaXMu¦ legislative structure rcnasm<½n§nItibBaØtþi legislator GñkeFVIc,ab;/ nItiBn§ legislature 1> GgÁnItibBaØtþi ¬GgÁkareFVIc,ab;¦ 2> nItikal ¬énsPa¦ legitimate eBjlkçN³RtwmRtUv/ eBjc,ab;/ FmµanurUb lend v. eGayx©I lender GñkeGayx©I/ ~ of last resort Gñk[ x©ICacugeRkay lending institution sßab½n \NTan¼ [x©IR)ak; lessee Ptik³/ GñkCYl ¬BIeK¦ lessor PtibtI/ GñkCYleGay let v. CYl ¬pÞH/ kariyal½y >>>¦ letter lixit/ covering ~ (or US: cover ~) lixitGmÉksar/ ~ of attorney lixitepÞrsiT§i/ ~ of credit (L/C) lixit\NTan/ ~ of exchange rUbiyaNtþi/ ~ of indemnity lixitFanasg/ ~ of intent lixitbBa¢ak;eKal bMNg/ lixitEsþgectna/ ~ of inquiry lixit saksYrB½t’man/ ~ of non-conviction lixit bBa¢ak;faKµaneTas level kMrit/ multi-level eRcInkMrit/ ~ of development kMritGPivDÆn_
lever Xñas; leverage KMnas;/ kareRbIkMcImankarR)ak;efr eTArksuIedIm,I)ancMeNjelIsBIkarR)ak; levy v. & n. 1> hUtBn§ 2> Bn§ ¬CaBiessBn§bEnßm¦ liabilities bMNul/ RTBüGkmµ/ meet one’s liabilities sgbMNulrbs;xøÜn liability 1> bMNul 2> karTTYlxusRtUv/ ~ insurance karFanar:ab;rgelIPar³TTYlxusRtUv liable adj. for TTYlxusRtUv ¬tamc,ab;¦ cMeBaH liaison TMnak;TMng/ sm<n§kar/ ~ office kariyal½yTMnak;TMng libel karsresrbrihaekrþ× liberal democracy and pluralism or
liberal multi-party democracy lT§iRbCaFibetyüesrIBhubkS
liberal profession viC¢aCIv³esrI liberality or liberal gift sT§aTan liberalisation esrIPavUbnIykmµ/ ~ of trade esrIPavUbnIykmµBaNiC¢kmµ Libor (London Interbank Offered Rate) GRtakarR)ak;rvagFnaKarBaNiC¢enATIRkugLúg licence GaCJab½NÑ/ lixitGnuBaØat licensed manGaCJab½NÑ/ RbtiRsut/ ~ bank FnaKarRbtiRsut licensed technology bec©kviTüaTijBIeK licensee Gñkkan;GaCJab½NÑ licit adj. RtUvc,ab; lien 1> R)atiePaKbMNul ¬vtßúdak;FanabMNul¦ 2> siT§iXat;Tuk life expectancy GayukalmFüm/ Gayurs;
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enAmFüm life or death issue bBaðasøab;rs; life skill bMNinCIvit life span Gayukal ¬BIeBlekItdl;søab;¦ lifestyle rebobrs;enA lifetime Gayukal/ mYyGayu LIFO (last in, first out) lIhVÚ ¬cUleRkay ecjmun¦ likelihood PaBTMng limit n. & v. 1> RBMEdn/ ~ of liability RBMEdnénkarTTYlxusRtUv/ 2> dak;kMritRBMEdn limitation n. kardak;kMritRBMEdn limited liability karTTYlxusRtUvmankMNt;/ ~ company Rkumh‘unTTYlxusRtUvmankMrit limited partner GñkcUlh‘unmankMrit ¬TTYlxusRtUvmankMrit¦ line (department) ¬mnÞIr¦ ExSbeNþay line item (budget) matika ¬fvika¦ line of credit or credit linekMrit\NTan link cMNgTak;Tg linkage karcgP¢ab;/ cMNgTak;Tg liquid assets RTBübþÚrykR)ak;)anrh½s liquid investments vinieyaKedaysac;R)ak; liquidate v. CMrH/ TUTat; ¬bMNul/ bBa¢I¦/ ~ a debt TUTat;bMNulTaMgmUl liquidation karrMlay ¬Rkumh‘un¦/ karCMrHbBa¢I/compulsory ~ karCMrHbBa¢ICakatBVkic© ¬tam karsMercrbs;tulakar¦/ voluntary ~ karCMrH bBa¢Iedaysµ½RKcitþ/ ~ report r)aykarN_CMrHbBa¢I liquidator GñkCMrHbBa¢I/ GñkRtYtBinitükar biTRkumh‘un liquidity 1> snÞnIyPaB/ lT§PaBsgbMNul
2> sac;R)ak;TMenr/ ~ ratio smaPaKsac;R)ak;TMenr liquidity (banking) sac;R)ak;nigRTBü gaybþÚrCasac;R)ak;/ total ~ rUbiyvtßúTUeTA (M2) list bBa¢I/ ~ price éføelIbBa¢I ¬kataLúk¦/ listed company Rkumh‘unEdlmansnøwkh‘un lk;-Tij enApSarh‘un litigation bNþwgvivaT/ karbþwgpþl; livelihood CIvPaB/ karrkciBa©wmCIvit/ lively y:agskmµ/ ~ market TIpSarman skmµPaBrs;revIk livestock stVciBa©wm ¬ykpl¦ living 1> CIvPaB/ karrs;enA/ ~ standard kMritCIvPaB/ cost of ~ cMnayRTRTg;karrs;enA load factor, passenger (air travel) GRtabMeBjekAGIGñkdMeNIr ¬tamynþehaH¦ loading and unloading of goods karpÞúk nigkarerITMnij loading capacity cMNuHpÞúk loading port EppÞúkTMnij loan kMcI/ \NeTyü/ bMNul/ bridging ~ kMcIpøas;pÞHfµI ¬enAeBlpÞHcas;lk;minTan;dac;¦/ soft ~ kMcIkarR)ak;Tab/ ~ at call kMcIKµankal kMNt; ¬RtUvsgvijeBleKTar¦/ personal ~ kMcIpÞal;xøÜn/ unsecured ~ kMcIKµankarFana/ ~ disbursed kMcI)anebIkpþl; loan service (interest payment) esvabMNul lobby v. ekogKr/ eXasnabBa©úHbBa©Úl local ¬én¦mUldæan/ kñúgRsuk/ ~ authority GaCJaFrmUldæan location TItaMg logging karkab;eQI/ illegal ~ karkab;eQI xusc,ab;
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logic tkáviC¢a/ LÚsuik logistics PsþúPar/ karpÁt;pÁg; logo rUbsBaØa long-life assets RTBüGayukalEvg long-term ry³eBlEvg/ TIXkal/ ~ liabilities bMNulry³eBlEvg loophole cenøaHRbehag/ tax ~ cenøaHRbehagén Bn§ ¬EdlGaceKecosvagminbg;Bn§edayRsbc,ab;¦ loose-leaf ledger esovePAFMsnøwkdac;BIKña loss kMhat/karxatbg;/ kar)at;bg;/ actual total ~ kMhatsrubCak;Esþg lot n. LÚt_/ fishing ~ LÚt_ensaT low-income group/households Rkum¼RKYsar manR)ak;cMNUlTab lump-sum R)ak;bg;TaMgdul/ ~ payment karTUTat;tamrebobem:Akar ¬rW qaka¦ lump-sum tax Bn§em:Akar luxury RbNit/ ~ goods TMnijRbNit/ ~ trade BaNiC¢kmµvtßúRbNit M, m M1 (money) rUbiyvtßú M2 (liquidity) rUbiyvtßúTUeTA macro- m:aRkU macroeconomic analysis karviPaKm:aRkUesdækic© macroeconomic stability sßirPaBm:aRkU esdækic© macroeconomics m:aRkUesdækic©
magnitude TMhM mail transfer karepÞr¬R)ak;¦taméRbsnIy_ mail, electronic sareGLicRtUnik/ GuIEml main adj. cMbg mainstream v. bRBa¢ab maintain v. accounting book kan;kab;bBa¢IKNenyü maintenance karEfTaM/ ~ expenses/ costs cMNayEfTaM major adj. cMbg/ sMxan; majority PaKeRcIn/ sMelgPaKeRcIn ¬e)aHeqñat¦ mala fide seller Gñklk;Edlmanl,ickl minl¥ maladministration karRKb;RKgGsmtßPaB mal-development karGPivDÆn_xusTMng malpractice rebobrbbminl¥/ kMhusqÁg malthusianism nibulniym/ m:al;Tusniym manage v. RKb;RKg/ cat;Ecg management karRKb;RKg/ ~ control karRtYtBinitükarRKb;RKg manager GñkRKb;RKg/ bNÑaFikar/ financial ~ GaNab½k managerial accounting KNenyüRKb;RKg managership PaBCaGñkRKb;RKg managing director naykRKb;RKg mandate n. 1> siT§iGMNac 2> GaNtþi mandate v. 1> pþl;siT§iGMNac 2> tMrUv/ the law mandates that... c,ab;tMrUvfa mandatory adj. Edlxanmin)an manifest nievTnb½NÑ/ bBa¢I GñkdMeNIr¼ TMnij dwkCBa¢Ún ¬tamynþehaH rW nava¦
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man-made disaster mhnþraybgáedaymnusS manner EbbbT manual 1> htßkmµ 2> esovePAk,Ün manufacture kmµnþsal manufactured goods TMnijkmµnþsal manufacturing kmµnþsalkmµ/ karplit ¬y:ageRcIn²edayeRbIm:asuIn¦ margin Gb,har/ kMrit/ m:aCIn/ ~ of error kMritel¥óg/ ~ of lending kMriteGayx©IR)ak;/ ~ of profit kMritR)ak;cMeNj marginal benefit plcMeNjÉktabEnßm ¬kñúgkarbegáInmYyÉktaplitpl¦ marginal cost éføedImÉktabEnßm ¬edIm,I plitbEnßmmYyÉktaplitplelIsEpnkar¦/ bnÞúkcMNaym:ahSúINal; marginal project KMeragbnÞab;bnSM marginal propensity to consume kMritTMenarénkareRbIR)as;bEnßm marginal propensity to save kMritTMenarénkarsnSMbEnßm marginal revenue cMNUlÉktabEnßm ¬BIkarlk;plitplbEnßmmYyÉkta¦ marginal utility plRbeyaCn_ÉktabEnßßm marginalisation m:aCInUbnIykmµ/ karRcan cUlsßanPaBKµansiT§iGMNac marginal-tax ratio smaPaKkMeNIn cMNUlBn§eFobnwgkMeNInplTunCatisrub marine xagsmuRT/ ~ concession Edn sm,TanTwkéRb/ ~ fisheries ensaTsmuRT/ ~ insurance karFanar:ab;rgpøÚvsmuRT mark down v. bBa©úHéfø mark up v. tMelIgéfø
market n. TIpSar/ black ~ pSarggwt/ capital ~ TIpSarTun ¬sMrab;vinieyaK¦/ ~ capitalisation tMélRkumh‘unKittam tMélTIpSarénsnøwkh‘un/ closed ~ TIpSarbiT ¬lk;[EttMNagpþac;mux¦/ open ~ TIpSarcMh ¬RKb;KñaGacTij¼lk;)an¦ ~ demand/need tMrUvkarTIpSar/ ~ economy esdækic©TIpSar/ ~ failure braC½yénTIpSar/ ~ forces kMlaMg TIpSar/ money/finance ~ TIpSarrUbiyvtßú ¬kMcIry³eBlxøI²¦/ ~ practice TMlab;TIpSar/ ~ price éføenATIpSar/ ~ saturation titßikmµ kñúgpSar/ PaBEq¥teBjedayTMnijénTIpSar/ ~ segmentation karEbgEckTIpSar/ ~ value tMélTIpSar ¬tMélenAéf¶enH¦/ tMélFanik/ ~ share/penetration cMENkTIpSar market v. lk;elITIpSar/ ~ a new product lk;plitplfµIelITIpSar marketable Gaclk;y:aggay marketing m:aXItTIg/ karbeBa©jlk;elITIpSar/ ~ chain ExScgVak; m:aXITIg¼TIpSar market-regulated economy esdækic©TIpSarerobry/ esdækic©niy½tTIpSar mark-up Gb,har marriage certificate sMbuRtGaBah_BiBah_ mass media RbB½n§pSBVpSay ¬B½t’man¦ mass production karplitRTg;RTayFM master adj. eKal/ em/ ~ budget fvikaem/ ~ map EpnTIeKal/ ~ plan Epnkar¼bøg;eKal/ ~ sample KMrUtagem master’s degree fñak;GnubNÐit matching concept/convention eKalkarN_énPaBsuIKña
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material sMPar³/ RkNat; maternal mortality rate GRtamrN³matuPaB mature eBjv½y/ cas;TMu/ ~ economy esdækic©rIkcMerIneBjelj maturity bkáPaB/ PaBeBjv½y/ PaBcas;TMu/ kalvsan/ kalkMNt;/ date of ~ éf¶dl; kMNt; ¬sg¦ maximisation GtibrmanIykmµ mayor ecAhVayRkug mean (statistics) mFüm/ arithmetic ~ mFümnBVnþ/ geometric ~ mFümFrNImaRt means meFüa)ay/ ~ of production meFüa)ayplitkmµ measurability PaBGacvas;)an measure 1> TMhM/ rgVas; 2> viFankar/ economic ~ viFankaresdækic©/ fiscal ~ viFankarsareBIBn§ measurement of profitability karvas;EvgPaBmancMeNj mechanism 1> ynþkar 2> esnaFikar ¬sßab½n¦ mechanisation ynþkmµ/ ynþtUbnIykmµ media or mass media RbB½n§pSBVpSay mediation karsMruHsMrYl mediator GñksMruHsMrYl medic n. GñkevC¢saRsþ medical ¬én¦ evC¢saRsþ/ ~ assistant CMnYyevC¢saRsþ medical aid n. GñkCMnYyevC¢saRsþ medical care (expense)
¬cMNay¦EfTaMsuxPaB medium mFüm/ ~ grade KuNPaBmFüm/ ~ term loan kMcIry³eBlmFüm meet CYb/ edaHRsay/ bMeBj ¬lkçxNЦ/ ~ a deficit bMeBj»nPaB meeting CMnYb/ karRbCMu/ ¬RbCMumhaCn MEFP (Memorandum of Economic and Financial Policy: for the IMF) GnusSarN³sþIBIeKalneya)ayesdækic©nighirBaØvtßú MFN (Most Favoured Nation clause) lkçxNÐGnueRKaHbMputEpñkBaNiC¢kmµ membership smaCikPaB memorandum CMnYysµartI/ GnusSarN³/ ~ of association GnusSarN³begáItRkumh‘un/ lkçnþik³Rkumh‘un/ ~ of understanding (MOU) GnusSarN³RBmeRBog mental ability smtßPaBxagbBaØa mental job kargareRbIxYrk,al ¬EdlRtUvriHKit¦ mercantile adj. énBaNiC¢kmµ/ ~ marine kgnavaBaNiC¢kmµ¬rbs;RbeTsNamYy¦/ ~ country RbeTs ¬mancMNUledaykareFVI¦ BaNiC¢kmµ mercantilism BaNiC¢kmµniym merchandising service establishment RKwHsßanesvakmµTMnij merchant BaNiC¢kr merger karrMlaybBa©ÚlKña ¬nUvRkumh‘unBIr rW eRcIn CaRkumh‘unmYy¦ merit kusl/ kuslkic©/ KuNsm,tþi message sar messenger narsar/ elxharI
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method viFI methodology viFIsaRsþ micro biology mIRkUCIv³ microcosm Gtisuxumelak micro-credit mIRkU\NTan microeconomics mIRkUesdækic© micro-finance mIRkUhirBaØvtßú middle class vNѳkNþal ¬rW vNѳKhbtI¦
middleman QµÜjkNþal/ KYkeC/ eCIgsar/ GnþrkarI migrant CncMNakRsuk/ nirRbevsn_ migrate v. from/to eFVIcMNakRsuk rW cakRsuk BI¼eTA migration cMNakRsuk/ BhiRbevsn_/ snþrRbevsn_ milestone 1> eKal ¬R)ab;cMgay¦ 2> RBwtiþkarN_sMxan; ¬kñúgdMeNIrkarvivtþn_énGVImYy¦ milieu mCÄdæan military eyaFa/ eyaFin/ ~ region eyaFPUmiPaK Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) eKaledAGPivDÆn_shsSvtSr_ mineral concentrate Er:cMraj; minicomputer kMBüÜT½rFuntUc minimisation Gb,brmaPavUbnIykmµ/ tax ~ kareFVI[bnÞúkBn§fycuHTabbMput minimise v. bnßydl;kMritGb,brma mining GaCIvkmµEr:/ karykEr: minor adj. & n. 1> tUctac/ bnÞab;bnSM 2> GnItiCn minority PaKtic/ Gb,PaK
misappropriation of public funds vitikmµ FnsaFarN³/ karekgRbv½Ba©RTBüsm,tþisaFarN³ miscalculate v. KNnaxus miscellaneous epSg²/ KNnIcMNay{epSg²} misdemeanour bTmCÄwm ¬kMritTabCagbT]Rkidæ¦ mission ebskkmµ/ ~ letter lixitbBa¢a ebskkmµ/ ~ statement esckþIRbkasebskkmµ misunderstanding karyl;RcLM/ karyl;xus mixed economic entity GgÁPaBesdækic©cMruH mobilisation of private savings karekNÐRbmUlR)ak;snSMÉkCn mobilise v. ekNÐRbmUl/ RbEmRbmUl modality of investment EbbbTénkarvinieyaK mode n. m:Ud/ rebob model n. KMrU moderate adj. & n. 1> lµm ¬]> minefak minéfø¦ 2> mCÄnikCn modernisation TMenIbPavUbnIykmµ/ TMenIbkmµ modernise eFVITMenIbkmµ modification karEkERb/ kMENERb module m:UDIl modus operandi EbbbTRbtibtþikar momentum snÞúHeCOneTAmux/ kMlaMgrujRcan/ m:Um:g; monetarism rUbiyvtßúniym monetarisation of the deficit rUbiyvtßúnIykmµén»nPaB monetary adj. én rUbiyvtßú¼luy/ ~ policy neya)ayrUbiyvtßú/ ~ overhang rUbiyvtßúelIs tulüPaB/ ~ confidence TMnukcitþelIrUbiyvtßú/
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~ stabilisation sßirkmµ¼sßirPavUnIykmµrUbiyvtßú/ ~ transaction RbtibtþikarKitCa luy¼rUbiyvtßúú money rUbiyvtßú/ luy/ ~ (M1) rUbiyvtßú (M1),~ (M2) rUbiyvtßúTUeTA (M2), quasi- ~ rUbiy vtßúepSg²/ ~ in circulation rUbiyvtßúcracr/ ~ economy esdækic©rUbiyvtßú/ ~ laundering karlagluykxVk;/ ~ market TIpSarrUbiyvtßú ¬kMcIry³eBl xøI²¦/ ~ supply karpÁt;pÁg; rUbiyvtßú¼sac;R)ak;/ ~/funds at call rUbiyvtßú¼ mUlniFiEdlGacpþl;eGay)anPøam² moneylender \NTayk/ GñkrksuIcgkarR)ak; monitor v. XøaMemIl ¬ÉksarxøHeRbIBakütamdan¦ monoculture Ékvb,kmµ/ eFVIdMNaMmYymux monopolise v. eFVIpþac;mux monopoly n. PaBpþac;mux/ monopolistic adj. monthly RbcaMEx/ ~ statement r)aykarN_¼ sMrg;KNnI RbcaMEx/ ~ returns cMNUlRbcaMEx moral obligation katBVkic©pøÚvcitþ morality sIlFm’/ good ~ mansIlFm’l¥/ social ~ sIlFm’sgÁm morbidity PaBmanCMgWeFVIeGaysøab; mortgage niekçb/ GuIb:UEtk/ vtßúbBa©aMbMNul mortgagee mças;bMNulGuIb:UEtk/ niekçbKahk mortgager/mortgagor kUnbMNulGuIb:UEtk most favoured nation (MFN) clause lkçxNÐGnueRKaHbMputEpñkBaNiC¢kmµ motion of censure jtþibenÞas motivate v. CMrujTwkcitþ/ bMpusTwkcitþ movable (property) clnvtßú multi-disciplinary team RkumBhuCMnaj multilateral BhuPaKI/ ~ agreement kic©RBm
eRBogBhuPaKI/ ~ aid/assistance CMnYyBhuPaKI multinational BhuCati/ ~ corporation Rkumh‘unBhuCati multiple-shop undertakings Rkumh‘unmansaxaeRcIn multiplier emKuN multi-purpose allocation karélEcksMrab;eKaledAeRcIny:ag multi-stage eRcIndMNak;/ ~ design bøg;eRcIndMNak;/ ~ frame eRKageRcIndMNak;/ ~ sampling karykKMrUtageRcIndMNak; mutation n. rUbvivtþn_ mutatis mutandis EdlRtUvpøas;bþÚrtam karcaM)ac; mutual eTAvijeTAmk/ ~ assistance karCYyKñaeTAvijeTAmk/ ~ insurance karFanar:ab;rgeTAvijeTAmk/ ~ benefit manplRbeyaCn_eTAvijeTAmk/ mutual fund sgÁhFn mutual societies sgÁhsmaKm mutually supportive CYyRTRTg;KñaeTAvijeTAmk N, n nascent economy esdækic©kMBugcab;kMeNIt nation RbCaCati/ sgÁmCati national énCati/ ~ accounting KNenyü Cati/ ~ budget support ]btßmÖBIfvikardæ ¬]> cMeBaHfvikaextþ¦/ ~ bank FnaKarCati/
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~ debt bMNulCati ¬x©IedayrdæaPi)al¦/ ~ income plTunCati/ ~ Institute of Statistics viC¢asßanCatisßiti/ ~ patrimony ebtikP½NÐCati/ ~ product plitplCati/ ~ economic management karRKb;RKg esdækic©Cati nationality sBa¢ati/ ~ of ships sBa¢atinava nationalise v. eFVICatUbnIykmµ/ eFVICatikmµ nationwide TUTaMgRbeTs natural énFmµCati/ ~ condition lkçxNÐ FmµCati/ ~ asset RTBüsm,tþiFmµCati ¬FnFan FmµCatiGVImYy¦/ ~ disaster eRKaH¼mhnþray FmµCati/ ~ unemployment rate GRta nikmµPaBFmµCati/ ~ resource FnFanFmµCati/ ~ loss kar)at;bg; ÉkÉg¼edayFmµCati nature 1> FmµCati 2> critlkçN³ ¬rbs;mnusS¦ near-liquid asset or near money RTBüCitdUcrUbiyvtßú ¬RTBüskmµEdlGacbþÚrCa rUbiyvtßú)any:aggay¦ need tMrUvkar/ ~ for affiliation tMrUvkar edIm,Icgsm<½n§ needs tMrUvkar ¬caM)ac;CamUldæan¦/ ~ assessment study karvaytMélBItMrUvkar negation GviC¢mankmµ negative adj. GviC¢man/ ~ interest karR)ak; GviC¢man ¬GRtakarR)ak;TabCagGRtaGtiprNa¦ negligence kareFVsRbEhs/ gross ~ kareFVsRbEhsF¶n;F¶r negotiable adj. 1>Gaccrca)an/ ~ price éføGaccrca)an 2>GacCYjdUr)an/ ~ debt instrument rUbiyaNtþi\NeTyüGacCYjdUr)an/ ~ documents ÉksarykTUTat;)an/
~ instrument ]bkrN_TUTat; negotiate v. crca/ negotiation n. neocolonialism GaNaniKmniymEbbfµI net suT§/ sCÄtþikr/ ~ exports karnaMecjsuT§/ ~ cost tMél suT§¼sCÄtþikr/ ~ foreign assets RTBüskmµbreTssuT§/ ~ foreign current transfer (NFCT) karepÞrbreTscrnþsuT§/ ~ foreign factor income (NFFI) ktþaplTun breTssuT§/ ~ income cMNUlsuT§/ ~ indirect taxes (NIT) Bn§RbeyalsuT§/ ~ national product plTunCatisuT§/ ~ profit R)ak;cMenj suT§/ ~ present value (NPV) tMélbc©úb,nñ suT§/ ~ taxable income cMnUlCab;Bn§suT§/ ~ worth mUlniFipÞal;suT§/ tMélBitRTBüskmµsuT§ ¬RTBüskmµKittamtMélBitenATIpSar ehIydkbMNulcrnþ¦ network bNþaj neutralisation GBüaRkwtPavUbnIykmµ/ GBüaRkwtkmµ new international economic order
(NIEO) lMdab;esdækic©GnþrCatifµI newly fµI²/ ~ industrialised countries (NICs) RbeTseFVI]sSahUbnIykmµfµI newsletter RBwtþib½RtB½t’man next of kin jatiCitCageK NGO (non-government organisation) GgÁkarminEmnrdæaPi)al nine years basic education karGb;rMmUldæanry³eBl 9qñaM nobility vNѳGPiCn nomenclature namvlI ¬matika¦/ muxTMnij nominal carwk/ ~ GNP plitplCatisrub
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carwk/ ~ rate of interest GRtakarR)ak; carwk/ ~ value tMélcarwk nomination karEtgtaMg nominee GñkTTYlkarEtgtaMg/ ~ account KNnIkan;kab;kñúgnambuKÁlmñak;eTot non-commercial bank FnaKarGBaNiC¢ non-agricultural or non-farm
employment kargarminEmnksikmµ non-aligned movement clnamincUl bkSsm½<n§ non-compliance karminRbtibtþitam/ PaB minRsbtam non-concessional adj. minpþl;sm,Tan non-convertible currency rUbiyvtßúminGacbþÚr ¬ykrUbiyvtßúdéT¦ )an non-delivery karminRbKl; non-discriminatory adj. minerIseGIg non-durables TMnijminKg;yUr ¬Gahar/ sarB½t’man>>>¦ non-food items TMnijminEmnGahar non-government organisation (NGO) GgÁkarminEmnrdæaPi)al non-household sector vis½yminTak;Tg nwgRKYsar non-negotiable instrument ]bkrN_ minGacykeTATUTat;)an non-payment karminTUTat; non-performance karminGnuvtþn_/ karKµanlT§pl non-performing loan kMcIBi)akTar non-refundable adj. EdlminbgVilsgvij
non-resident GnivasnCn rW GnivasCn non-returnable packing sMbkevcx©b; minRbmUlvij non-tax features lkçN³minTak;TgnwgBn§dar non-taxable adj. minCab;Bn§/ ~ income cMNUlminCab;Bn§ non-timber forest products (NTFPs) GnupléRBeQI non-urban population RbCaCnminEmnGñkTIRkug norm bTdæan normalisation RbRktIPaBkmµ/ bktikmµ/ niy½tkmµ North, the (countries) ]tþrRbeTs ¬RbeTsGñkman¦ notarial deed lixitviBaØabnkmµ notary public sarkarI note sarxøI²/ lixit/ kMNt;sMKal;/ advice ~ lixitCUndMNwg/ bank/currency ~ Rkdas R)ak;/ covering ~ lixitGm/ credit/debit ~ lixit\NTan¼\NBn§/ delivery ~ lixit RbKl;TMnij/ dispatch ~ lixitbBa¢ÚnTMnij/ promissory ~ b½NÑCMBak;R)ak;/ b½NÑsnüa noticeable change karERbRbYlKYr[kt;sMKal; notification karCUndMNwg/ ~ procedure nItiviFICUndMNwg notifying bank FnaKarCUndMNwg notion sBaØaN novation kic©RBmeRBogepÞrkic©snüa ¬[PaKITI3¦
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novelty adj. & n. PaB¼rbs; fµIEbøk NPRS (National Poverty Reduction Strategy) yuT§saRsþCatikat;bnßyPaBRkIRk nuclear-family structures rcnasm<½n§ RKYsarsñÚl ¬«BukmþaynigkUn¦ null and void emaX³ nullification emaXkmµ/ nullify v. eFVI[ eTACaemaX³ nullity emaXPaB numeracy karecHelx numerator (fraction) PaKyk nutrition GaharUbtßmÖ
O, o obedience karsþab;»vaT object to v. CMTas;/ RbqaMg objection, have no Kµankaryl;Tas; objective n. & adj. 1> kmµvtßú/ TisedA 2> stüanum½t/ EdlQrelIkarBitCak;Esþg objectivity kmµvis½yPaB obligation katBVkic©/ be under ~ man katBVkic©/ meet one’s obligations sg bMNulrbs;xøÜn obligatory CakatBVkic©/ xanmin)an observation 1> karsegát ¬emIl¦ 2> esckþIsegát ¬karkt;sMKal;¦ observe v. segát observer GñksegátkarN_ obsolescence PaBhYssm½y
obsolete hYssm½y occupation 1> muxrbr 2> karkan;kab; occupancy rate (hotel) GRtasñak;enA ¬sNæaKar¦ occupational accident eRKaHfñak;enA eBlbMeBjkargar occupier Gñkkan;kab; oceanography saKrsaRsþ odd job kargarl¥itel¥ac odd number elxess offence bTelµIs/ eTaskmµ offer 1> kareGayéfø/ cash ~ karsMubg;Ca sac;R)ak; 2> karRbkaslk; ¬kñúgéføNamYy¦/ introductory ~ éføTak;m:Uy ¬cMeBaHplitpl fµI¦/ special ~ TMnijlk;efakBiess offer and demand karpþl;nigtMrUvkar off-farm employment kargareRkAksidæan officer m®nþI official pøÚvkar/ ~ confirmation esckþI bBa¢ak;CapøÚvkar/ ~ rate GRtapøÚvkar Official Gazette raCkic© ¬esovePA¦ official n. m®nþIpøÚvkar/ GñkpøÚvkar officialdom kariyaFibetyü offload v. CMruHecj ¬nUvGVImYyEdlxøÜn mincg;Tuk ]> snøwkh‘unelIstMrUvkar¦ offset v. b:Hb:Uvvij/ kat;kgvij offshore adj. eRkAeqñr ¬eRbgkat¦ off-the-job training karbNþúHbNþaldac;BIkargar ombudsman m®nþIesuIbGegátBIkartv:a ¬cMeBaHsßab½nrdæ b¤GgÁkarFM²¦
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omission 1> karxkxan ¬min)aneFVI¦ 2> karkat;ecj 3> GVIEdl min)aneFVI rW kat;ecj omnibus adj. cMruHmux/ ~ agreement kic©RBmeRBogcMruHmux/ ~ bill of lading GBaØtb½RtrYm on an equal footing edayesµIPaBnigesµIsiT§i on the path of reform elImaKa’énkMENTMrg; onerous adj. Gs;esah‘uyeRcIn one-stop service esvaRckecjcUlEtmYy ongoing activity skmµPaBkMBug dMeNIrkar¼ RbRBwtþeTA on-the-job training karbNþúHbNþal P¢ab;nwgkargar open adj. cMh/ ~ economy esdækic©ebIk cMh/ ~ account KNnIcMh ¬kt;RtakarTij eCOedayGñkTijKµandak;vtßúFana¦ open balance smtulümanelx ¬minsUnü¦ open cheque mUlb,Tanb½RtKµanqUt ¬b¤cMh¦ open credit \NTanKµandak;vtßúFana ¬sMrab;GtifiCnl¥rbs;FnaKar¦ open market pSarcMh/ pSaresrI/ ~ operations RbtibtþikarelIpSarcMh open policy eKalneya)ayebIkTUlay open the trade sector v. ebIkTUlayvis½yBaNiC¢kmµ opening balance smtulüedImRKa opening bank (for letters of credit) FnaKarebIksar\NTan operating budget fvikaRbtibtþikar operating costs/expenses bnÞúkcMNay RbtibtþikarFmµta
operation Rbtibtþikar/ insurance ~ RbtibtþikarFanar:ab;rg operational costs bnÞúkcMNayRbtibtþikar operative system RbB½n§Rbtibtþikar operator Rbtibtþikr opinion eyabl;/ mti/ ~ poll karsÞg;mti opportunity kalanuvtþiPaB/ »kas opportunity cost tMél»kasRtUv)at;bg;/ tMélénkarlHbg; opposition 1> karRbqaMg rW CMTas; 2> bkSRbqaMg optical fiber cable ExSkabGubTic optimal allocation karélEckRbesIrbMput optimism suTidiæniym optimistic estimate kar)a:n;sµansuTidæi optimise v. eFVIeGay)anRbesIr ¬bMput¦ option CMerIs/ at your ~ tamCMerIsrbs;Gñk/ share ~ siT§iTijPaKh‘un ¬kñúgéføNamYyenA eBlNamYy¦ naGnaKt oral agreement/contract kic©RBmeRBog¼ kic©snüapÞal;mat; ¬minEmnCalaylkçN_GkSr¦ order 1> bBa¢a/ provincial/municipal ~ dIkaextþ¼Rkug/ 2> lMdab; 3> sNþab;Fñab;/ public ~ sNþab;Fñab;saFarN³ order for payment (French: mandat
de dépense) GaNtþiebIkR)ak;cMNay order form/slip b½NÑbBa¢aTij order, purchase b½NѼkar bBa¢aTij ordinary share PaKh‘unsamBaØ ordnance yuT§P½NÐ/ unexploded ~
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yuT§P½NÐminTan;pÞúH organic agriculture ksikmµsrIragÁ organic/organisational law c,ab;erobcMGgÁkar organisation chart GgÁkarelx organisational structure rcnasm<½n§cat;taMg Organisation for Economic
Cooperation and Development (OECD) GgÁkarshRbtibtþikaresdækic© nigGPivDÆn_
orientation kartMrg;Tis oriented (orientated) tMrg;eTArk/ sMedA/ manninñakareTArk origin RbPBedIm/ edImkMeNIt/ bJsKl;/ certificate of ~ viBaØabnb½RtRbPBedIm TMnij/ country of ~ RbeTsRbPBedIm origin, zero point Kl;G½kS original cost tMélenAeBlcUl ¬tMélsMPar³eBlTijcUl¦ original invoice vikáybRtedIm originating bank FnaKarebIksar\NTan orthodox policy eKalneya)aysmµamti ¬RsmtamkarCMenO¼mtiCaTUeTA¦ outcome lT§pl outdated, out-of-date hYssm½y outflow lMhUrecj outgoing letters lixitecj outgoings cMNay outlays (financial) cMNay/ debt amortisation ~ cMNayrMls;bMNul outlet kEnøglk;ecj
outlook TsSnvis½y/ karRbemIlemIlGnaKt output Fatuecj/ plitpl/ final ~ Fatuecj sMerc¼cugeRkay output tax or VAT (value added tax) GakrelItMélbEnßm outreach kareQagdl;/ karQandl; outsource v. cuHkic©snüaxageRkA outstanding adj. enACMBak;/ ~ balance smtulüenACMBak;/ ~ cheque mUlb,Tanb½Rt minTan;sgR)ak;/ ~ loans kMcIenACMBak; ~ student sisSBUEk outstanding obligations (debt) bMNulhYskalbriecäT outward-looking country RbeTsebIkcMh ¬eq<aHeTAxageRkA¦ overcapacity smtßPaBelIs ¬tMrUvkarplit¦ overcharge kMérykelIs ¬elIskMritsmrmü¦ overcontrol karRtYtBinitühYs overdraft 1> kardkR)ak;elIsR)ak;beBaØI 2> \NTankMNt;/ \NTanelIssmtulü ¬FnaKar¦ overdraft, to grant an GnuBaØat\NTanelIssmtulü overdue hYskalkMNt;sg/ ~ bill lixit TarR)ak;hYskalkMNt;/ ~ loans R)ak;kMcI hYskalkMNt;sg/ ~ payment karsgR)ak; hYskalkMNt;sg overfishing karensaTRtIhYsRbmaN overheads or overhead expenses/costs cMNay Rbeyal¼TUeTA ¬cMNayeTogTat; nig sMxan;² dUcCa QñÜlpÞH/ TUrs½BÞ/ sMPar³kariyal½y>>> EdlminTak;TgedaypÞal;nwgkarplit¦
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overheated economy esdækic©rt;ekþAeBk ¬kMeNInskmµPaBesdækic©EdleFVI[mankMeNIn GtiprNa¦ overlap RtYtKña/ KgKña overlook emIlrMlg overpopulation RbCaCneRcInhYs overproduction briplitkmµ/ karplitelIs overriding (in law) sMxan;CagGVIÉeTot over-sampling karykKMrUtagelIs overseas adj. enAbreTs/ ~ branches saxaenAbreTs oversight 1> karRbEhsePøcPøaMg 2> karemIlxusRtUvelI/ karTTYlbnÞúk overspending cMNayhYskMNt; overstaffed EdlmanbuKÁlikeRcInhYs overtime, work v. eFVIkarem:agbEnßm overview karBinitüCaTUeTA/ TsSn³rYm overwhelming majority PaKeRcInelIslb; owner m©as;/ m©as;kmµsiT§i/ kmµsiT§ikr/ ~ of the goods m©as;TMnij ownership kmµsiT§i/ PaBCam©as; P, p package kBa©b;/ ~ budget kBa©b;fvika/ pay/salary ~ kBa©b;ebovtSr_ ¬ebovtSr_ nig R)ak;]btßmÖepSg² sMrab;kargarGVImYy¦ ~ tour kBa©b;ExSTsSnkic© packaging (accounting) sMbkevcx©b; packing list bBa¢Ievcx©b;
¬bBa¢IbBa¢ak;karevcx©b;TMnij¦ packing, non-returnable sMbkevcx©b;minRmmUlykvij pact ktikasBaØa ¬kic©RBmeRBogCapøÚvkar¦ paddy RsUv/ ~ husking karkinRsUv/ ~ plots GMBkERs paid holidays éf¶Qb;sMrakmanebovtSr_ paid-up capital mUlFn)anbg;CMrH ¬edImTunEdl)anbg;ehIy¦ panel of experts KN³CMnajkar panic karP½yep¥Il/ GehtuP½y/ financial ~ GehtuP½yhirBaØvtßú paper loss/profit cMeNj¼xat elIRkdas ¬RTBü)ancuH¼ekIntMélb:uEnþminTan;)anlk;ecjeT¦ paper money luyRkdas/ RkdasR)ak; paperwork kargarRkdassñam par value tMélcuHelIb½NÑ ¬rW tMélcarwk¦ paradox brmti/ Rbtimti paradoxically EdlRbTaMgRbeTIsépÞkñúg paramedic n. GñkGmevC¢saRsþ paramedical adj. GmevC¢saRsþ parameter ):ar:aEm:Rt pare the budget v. bnßyfvikabnþicmþg² parent company Rkumh‘unem park ]Tüan/ national ~ ]TüanCati partiality n. PaBlMeGog ¬kñúgkarCYyKaMRT¦ participant n. GñkcUlrYm participate v. cUlrYm participation 1> karcUlrYm 2> PaKkmµ ¬karbNþak;Tun¦
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participatory poverty assessment (PPA) karvaytMélPaBRkIRkedaymankarcUlrYm participatory rural appraisal (PRA)karvaytMélCnbTedaymankarcUlrYm partner édKU/ smaKt/ GñkcUlh‘un partnership 1> PaBCaédKU 2> CMnYjh‘unKña part-time work kargarmineBjem:ag party (to the contract) PaKI ¬énkic©snüa¦ pass the test (education) eFVIetsþCab; passbook esovePAR)ak;beBaØI passive adj. Gkmµ passport lixitqøgEdn past-due debt bMNulhYs kalkMNt;¼ éf¶kMNt;sg patent RbkasnIyb½Rt ¬GnuBaØateGayRbkb GaCIvkmµ¦/ )a:tg;/ ~ licence b½NÑ):atg; patrimony ebtikP½NÐ/ RTBüsm,tþi/ ekrþ×mrtk ¬EdlmanCab;tmkBIxag«Buk¦ patron Gñk]btßmÖ/ emekIy/ bri)al pattern lMnaM/ KMrU/ trading ~ lMnaMeFVI BaNiC¢kmµ/ ~ of rotation lMnaMvilpøas;bþÚrKña pawn v. bBa©aM pawnbroker kugsuI ¬bBa©aM¦ pay as you earn (PAYE) RbB½n§Bn§kat;TukelIR)ak;ebovtSr_ pay at sight sgR)ak;eBlbgðajÉksar pay back v. sgvij pay n. ebovtSr_/ R)ak;kMér/ holidays with ~éf¶Qb;sMrakmanebovtSr_/ leave without ~ karQb;sMrakKµanebovtSr_ pay off v. 1> TUTat;¼bg; pþac; 2> TUTat;R)ak;pþac; nigbBa©b;kargarGñkNamñak;
pay out v. TUTat;¼bg; R)ak;ecj pay up v. TUTat;sgR)ak;CMBak;eK payable adj. sg)an/ ~ to bearer sgeGayGñkkan;/ ~ to order sgtambBa¢a payback period 1> ry³eBlRtUvsgkMcIvij 2> ry³eBl RbmUlTun)anvij¼Rsg;edIm ¬)ancMeNjesµITundak;cuH¦ payee GñkRtUv)anbg;R)ak;[ payer Gñkbg;R)ak;¬[eK¦ paying bank FnaKarTUTat; paying business GaCIvkmµ¼CMnYj Edl pþl;cMeNj payment karTUTat;/ karbg;R)ak;/ karsgR)ak;/ ~ by instalments karsgbNþak; ¬]> tamEx¦/ ~ credit \NTanTUTat;/ ~ currency rUbiyvtßú TUTat;/ ~ in kind karTUTat;Cavtßú/ ~ systems RbB½n§TUTat;/ ~ mechanism ynþkarTUTat;/ ~ warrant GaNtþiebIkR)ak; payoff n. R)ak;bg;pþac; payout n. 1> R)ak;TUTat;ecj 2> R)ak;bg;CYy Rkumh‘unNamYy ¬]> edayrdæaPi)al¦ payroll bBa¢I¼tarag ebovtSr_ peace building karksagsnþiPaB pecuniary Tak;TgnwgR)ak;kas/ ~ motives ehtuplxagluykak; penalise v. Bin½y/ dak;eTas penalty eTasT½NÐ/ eTasbBaØtþi/ karpakBin½y pending accounts KNnIBüÜr ¬rg;caM karedaHRsay¦
pension esaFnnivtþn_/ R)ak;ruWERtt/ ~ fund mUlniFiesaFnnivtþn_
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pensioner GñkTTYlesaFnnivtþn_ per diem ¬R)ak;¦ cMNaytaméf¶ ¬Kittam cMnYnéf¶ nigtamFmµtamanGRtaesµIKñasMrab; buKÁlikRKb;kMrit¦ percentage PaKry perception sBaØaxn§/ cMNab;GarmµN_ performance TegVI/ karGnuvtþn_/ lT§pl/ ~ standard sþg;dar lT§pl¼Rbtibtþi performing EdldMeNIrkar/ ~ asset RTBüskmµdMeNIrkar/ non ~ asset RTBüskmµ mindMeNIrkar period ry³eBl/ GMLúgeBl/ RKa ¬KNenyü¦ periodic tamkalkMNt;/ eTogeBl/ samayik/ ~ control system RbB½n§RtYtBinitütamkal kMNt;/ ~ order system RbB½n§bBa¢aTijeTogeBl periodical n. kalikb½Rt ¬TsSnavdþI/ RBwtþib½Rt>>>¦ periodically edayeTogeBl periodicity samyikPaB perishable adj. EdlgayxUc¬KuNPaB¦/ ~ goods TMnijgayxUc perishables n. TMnijgayxUc perks (or perquisites) GtßRbeyaCn_ bEnßm ¬pþl;CabEnßmelIebovtSr_¦ permanent Gcié®nþy_/ ~ establishment RKwHsßanGcié®nþy_/ RKwHsßanCab;lab;/ ~ organ GgÁkarGcié®nþy_ permit lixitGnuBaØat/ Tidæakar/ building ~ lixitGnuBaØatsagsg;/ export/import ~ lixitGnuBaØatnaMecj¼naMcUl/ work ~ lixit GnuBaØateGayeFIVkar ¬sMrab;CnbreTs¦
perpetual inventory system RbB½n§sareBIP½NÐnirnþn_ perpetuity nic©PaB person buKÁl/ physical/natural ~ rUbvnþbuKÁl/ legal person/entity nItibuKÁl personal pÞal;xøÜn/ ~ consumption kareRbIR)as;pÞal;xøÜn/ ~ effects sMPar³ eRbIR)as;pÞal;xøÜn/ ~ loan kMcIpÞal;xøÜn ¬sMrab; kareRbIR)as;kñúgRKYsar rW pÞal;xøÜn minEmnsMrab; GaCIvkmµeT¦/ ~ property RTBüpÞal;xøÜn/ ~ revenue R)ak;cMNUlbuKÁl/ ~ selling kareXasnapSaylk;pÞal; ¬énbuKÁlmñak;¦/ ~ income tax Bn§elIR)ak;cMNUlbuKÁl personal identification number (see PIN) personality 1> buKÁliklkçN³ ¬KYrkt;sMKal;¦ 2> Gñkl,Il,aj personnel buKÁlik/ ~ benefits GtßRbeyaCn_ pþl;eGaybuKÁlik perspective yfaTsSn_/ TsSnvis½y PERT (Programme Evaluation and Review Techniques) bec©keTsBinitü vaytMélKMerag ¬rW kmµviFI¦ pessimistic estimate kar)a:n;sµanTuTidæi pesticides fñaMsMlab;stVcéRg petition jtþi petroleum eRbgkat/ eRbg\n§n³/ ~ security agreement kic©RBmeRBogsþIBI snþisuxeRbg\n§n³ petty cash sac;R)ak;bnþicbnþÜc/ ~ custodian Gñkkan;hibR)ak; ¬R)ak;tictYc¦/ ~ book esovePA cMNaytUctac/ ~ fund ebLa/ mUlniFisMrab;
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cMNaybnþicbnþÜc/ ~ voucher b½NÑcMNayebLa Ph.D. (degree) fñak;bNÐit phase n. dMNak;kal Phillips curve ExSekaghVIlIB ¬bgðaj TMnak;TMngrvagGRtaERbRbYlénR)ak;ebovtSr_ eTAnwgkMritnikmµPaB¦ phone card s½BÞb½Rt ¬katTUrs½BÞ¦ physical rUbvnþ/ Cak;Esþg/ ~ accounts KNenyürUbFatu/ ~ environment brisßan rUbvnþ/ ~ factor ktþarUbvnþ/ ~ infrastructure ehdæarcnasm<½n§rUbvnþ/ ~ investment vinieyaK rUbvnþ ¬CasMPar³/ R)ak;kas>>¦/ ~ resources FnFanrUbvnþ ¬GaKar/ ]bkrN_>>¦ physical therapist GñkBüa)aledayclna phytosanitary PUtKamGnam½y piece rate GRtatamÉktaplit ¬kMérKittambrimaNplit)an¦ pilot project KMeragsakl,g PIN (personal identification number) elxsMKal;pÞal;xøÜn/ elxGtþsBaØaNbuKÁl pioneer industry ]sSahkmµQanmux pioneering work kargarQanmux¼ RtYsRtay pisciculture karciBa©wmRtI/ mcävb,kmµ pittance R)ak;cMNUld¾sþÜcesþIg
place kEnøg plan n. Epnkar/ five-year ~ EpnkarR)aMqñaM/ investment ~ EpnkarvinieyaK/ rolling ~ EpnkarrMkil planned economy esdækic©Epnkar planner GñkeFVIEpnkar/ EpnkarI
planning Epnkarkmµ/ kareFVIEpnkar/ karksagEpnkar plant n. 1> eragcRk 2> eRKOgm:asuIn plantation cMkar/ rubber ~ cMkarekAs‘U platform evTika/ kmµviFIneya)ay ¬rbs; KNbkS¦ playback karcak;eLIgvij ¬ExSGat;>>¦ pledge karsnüa/ R)ak;snüaeGay plenary session sm½yRbCMueBjGgÁ plot dILÚt_/ k,aldI plough back v. vinieyaKbnþ ¬nUvR)ak;cMeNj¦ pocket of poverty RcklðkmanPaBRkIRk polarisation, social PaB)ak;EbksgÁm/ karRbmUlpþúMCa ¬BIr¦RkummanKMnitpÞúyKña police record, copy of the lixitefáaleTas ¬rbs;b:UlIs¦ policy brief segçbsMrab;eKalneya)ay policy formulation nimµitkmµ¼karksag eKalneya)ay policy framework Rkbx½NÐeKalneya)ay
policymaker Gñkksag¼GñkkMNt; eKalneya)ay political platform (of a party) kmµviFIneya)ay ¬rbs;KNbkS¦ poll n. kare)aHeqñat polling station kariyal½ye)aHeqñat pollutant n. sarFatubMBul pollution karbMBul/ air ~ karbMBulxül; polyculture kareFVIVdMNaMeRcInmux/ Bhuvb,kmµ population RbCaCn/ ~ growth rate GRta kMeNInRbCaCn/ ~ policy eKalneya)ayRbCaCn
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port of loading/shipment kMBg;EppÞúkTMnij portfolio investments vinieyaKCamUlb½Rt ¬PaKh‘unTaMgGs;rbs;vinieyaKinNamñak;¦ position 1> CMhr 2> tMENg/ vacant ~ tMENgTMenr positive adj. viC¢man/ ~ balance of payments CBa¢IgTUTat;viC¢man/ ~ cash flow lMhUrsac;R)ak;viC¢man ¬sac;R)ak;hUrcUlFMCag sac;R)ak;ecj¦/ ~ interest karR)ak;viC¢man ¬GRtakarR)ak;x<s;CagGRtaGtiprNa¦ possession karkan;kab;/ ePaK³ post CaeRkay/ ~ auditing svnkmµCaeRkay post a profit/loss RbkasCa saFarN³¼ pøÚvkar BI cMeNj rW kMhat post an entry/item to the ledger cuHelxnaeTAkñúgesovePAFM post-action controls karRtYtBinitü eRkayskmµPaB post-date v. cuHkalbriecäTGnaKt potential n. & adj. 1> skþanuBl 2> skþanuPUt potentiality skþanuPaB poverty PaBRkIRk/ TurKtPaB/ ~ reduction karkat;bnßyPaBRkIRk/ ~ line bnÞat;RkIRk power GMNac/ siT§iGMNac/ kMlaMg/ GanuPaB power boat Lúgbut ¬GUb½r¦ power grid/network bNþajGKÁIsnI power of attorney lixitRbKl;siT§i practice karGnuvtþn_ Cak;Esþg¼RbcaM/ professional ~ RbRBwtþikmµviC¢aCIv³ practitioner GñkGnuvtþ ¬RbcaM¦
pragmatic adj. EdlKitBIlT§pl/ Edlmanpl pre- mun/ buer/ pre-Angkor buerGgÁr/ pre-crisis munvibtþi/ pre-action controls karRtYtBinitümunskmµPaB precarious path KnøgeRKaHfñak; precedent n. krNIyutþisaRsþ ¬tulakar¦ preceding mun/ ~ year qñaMmun ¬qñaMmunTI1¦ precious stones t,Úg ¬fµ¦ mantMél preclude RcanecalCamun pre-concession inventory sareBIP½NÐbuersm,Tan precondition buerlkçxNÐ ¬lkçxNÐRtUv bMeBjCamun¦ predictability n. PaBGacTsSn_Tay)an/ TsSlT§PaB predictable adj. GacTsSn_Tay)an preemption siT§iTijmuneK ¬nUvsnøwkh‘un ecjpSayfµIEfmeTot¦ pre-existing condition lkçxNÐmantaMgBImun pre-feasibility study karsikSamun karsikSaBIPaBGaceFVI)an preference cMNUlcitþ preference share h‘unGnueRKaH ¬EdlCa erOy² KµansiT§ie)aHeqñateT b:uEnþTTYl)anPaK laPmunh‘unÉeTot nigRtUvsgmunh‘unFmµta kñúg krNIrMlayRkumh‘un¦ preferential EdlmansiTi§/ EdleKcUlcitþ ¬CagGVImYyeTot¦/ ~ creditor \NTayk mansiTi§TarbMNulmun/ ~ duty (tariff) GRta Bn§KyGnueRKaHBiess ¬Tab¦ pre-investment agency TIPñak;garBinitü
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lT§PaBmuneBlvinieyaK prejudice 1> buervinicä½y 2> kareFVI[xUcxatdl; preliminary adj. epþImmux/ ~ discussion karBiPakSaepþImmux premises GaKar nigdICitGaKar ¬kmµsiT§ikr EtmYy¦ premium buBVlaP/ at a ~ Edllk;)anéfø ¬elIsFmµta¦/ insurance ~ buBVlaPFanar:ab;rg prepaid expense cMNaybg;mun prepaid income cMNUlTTYlmun prerequisite buBVlkçxNÐ prescription bBaØtþi¼evC¢bBa¢a present v. bgðaj/ presenter Gñkbgðaj/ presentation bTbgðaj present value tMélbc©úb,nñ press release RbkasB½t’man prestige kitüanuPaB/ PaBefáIg/ ~ product plitplRbNitfáúMefáIg presumption karsnµtCamun/ sc©FarN_/ ~ of innocence sc©FarN_énnireTas pre-tax profit cMeNjmunbg;Bn§ prevalence eRbv:aLg;¼PaBCaTUeTA price éfø/ agreed ~ éføRBmeRBog/ all-in ~ éføsBVRKb;/ bargain ~ or cut ~ éføefakNas;/ list ~ éføelIbBa¢I¬kataLúk¦/ ~ and salary freeze karTb;éfø nigebovtSr_mineGayeLIg/ ~ discrimination karerIseGIgkñúgkarkMNt;éfø/ ~ list bBa¢Iéføø/ closing/opening ~ éføeBl ehobbiThag¼ebIklk;/ cost ~ éføedIm/ competitive ~ éføRbkYtRbECg/ fair ~ éfø yutþiFm’/ rock bottom ~ éføefakbMput/ selling ~ éfølk;/ ~ fixing karXubXitkMNt;éfø
prices to suit all pockets éføsmRsb nwglT§PaBTijrbs;RKb;Kña pricing karkMNt;éfø/ ~ system RbB½n§kMNt;éfø clearance ~ karkMNt;éføedIm,IbeBa©jTMnij primary bzm/ dMbUg/ ~ factor income ktþa cMNUlbzm/ ~ factor of production ktþa plitkmµbzm/ ~ health care (PHC) karEfTaM suxPaBbzm/ ~ needs tMrUvkarcaM)ac; CamUldæan/ ~ sampling unit (PSU) ÉktaykKMrUtag dMbUg/ ~ selection CMerIsdMbUg/ ~ stratification RsTab;nIykmµdMbUg/ ~ -sampling frame (PSF) eRKagykKMrUtagdMbUg primary education karGb;rMkMritbzm prime cost tMélplitpÞal; ¬KµanbUkcMnayTUeTA¦ principal (in power transfer) GaNtþiTayk principal accountant KNenyükredImExS ¬RksYghirBaØvtßú¦ principal insurance company Rkumh‘unFanar:ab;rgedIm principle of equality and mutual benefit eKalkarN_esµIPaBnigmanRbeyaCn_eTAvijeTAmk prior adj. BImun/ ~ agreement kic©RBmeRBogBImun prioritise v. eFVIGaTiPavUbnIykmµ priority n. GaTiPaB/ have/take ~ over manGaTiPaBelI private company or privately owned
company Rkumh‘unÉkCn private income cMNUleRkABIebovtSr_ private investor vinieyaKinÉkCn ¬mnusSFmµtaEdlmanR)ak;vinieyaK¦ private economic entity
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GgÁPaBesdækic©ÉkCn privatisation ÉkCnnIykmµ/ ÉkCnPavUbnIykmµ privilege 1> ÉksiT§i ¬GtßRbeyaCn_Biess¦ 2> buBVsiT§i ¬siT§iBiess¦ pro forma invoice vikáybRtbeNþaHGasnñ proactive skmµRKb;RKg/ skmµRbyuT§ probability RbU)ab‘ÍlIet/ PvnIyPaB/ ~ sampling karykKMrUtagedayRbU)ab‘ÍlIet procedural law (French: code de procédure) c,ab;nItiviFI procedure nItiviFI proceeds R)ak;cMNUl/ pl/ net ~ cMNUlsuT§ process dMeNIrkar processing karEkécñ/ RbRBwtþkmµ/ karcat;Ecg ¬Tinñn½y>>¦/ certificate of ~ viBaØabnb½RtbBa¢ak; BIkEnøgEkécñ proclamation esckþIRbkas/ karRbkas procurement lT§kmµ/ karpÁt;pÁg;/ ~ phasedMNak;kalpÁt;pÁg; producer plitkr/ ~ surplus plelIs)an dl;plitkr product plitpl/ ~ breadth cMnYnmuxplitpl/ ~ cycle vdþplitpl/ ~ depth Funplitpl ¬kñúgExSplitplnimYy²¦/ ~ line/ range ExS plitpl ¬plitplRbhak;RbEhlKña 1ExS¦/ ~ mix l,ayplitpl ¬plitplTaMgGs; Edldak;lk; rWplitedayshRKasNamYy¦ production plitkmµ/ ~ accounts KNnI plitkmµ/ ~ cost cMNayplitkmµ/ ~ line ExSsgVak;plitkmµ/ ~ system RbB½n§plitkmµ production-sharing contract (PSC)
kic©snüaEbgEckplitkmµ productive adj. manplitPaB/ ~ assets RTBüskmµmanplitPaB/ ~ ratio smaPaK plitPaB productivity plitPaB profession n. viC¢aCIv³/ medical ~ viC¢aCIv³ ¬xag¦ eBTü professional énviC¢aCIv³/ ~ fees esah‘uy viC¢aCIv³/ ~ secrecy karrkSasMgat;viC¢aCIv³ profile n. TMrg;/ rUbPaBTUeTA ¬]> énRkumh‘un cMeBaHsaFarNCn¦ profit cMeNj/ R)ak;cMeNj/ healthy ~ cMeNjeRcIn/ ~ margin GRtacMeNj/ Gb,har/ ~ sharing karEbgEckR)ak;cMeNj profit and loss account or profit and
loss statement (US) KNnIcMeNjxat KNnIlT§pl/ r)aykarN_cMNUlcMNay
profitability PaBmancMeNj programme of action kmµviFIskmµPaB progress vDÆnPaB/ PaBeCOnelOn/ CMenOn/ ~ report r)aykarN_CMenOn/ ~ payment karTUTat;tamdMNak;énCMenOnkargar/ in ~ kMBug eCOnelOn progressive personal income tax Bn§kMeNIntamfñak;elIcMNUlbuKÁl prohibition karhamXat; prohibitive adj. 1> Edlx<s;hYslT§PaB ¬éfø/ tMél¦ 2> EdlhamXat; ¬c,ab;¦ project KMerag/ ~ appraisal karvaytMél KMerag/ ~ cycle vdþénKMerag/ ~ formulation karksagKMerag/ ~ justification yutþikmµKMerag/
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~ proposal sMeNIKMerag/ ~ implementationkarGnuvtþn_KMerag/ projection karKn;KUrCamun proliferation karrIksay ¬cMnYn¦ promise to pay (French: engagement de dépense) karsnüacMNay promissory note b½NÑCMBak;R)ak;/ b½NÑsnüasg promotion 1> kartMelIgzan³ ¬buKÁlik¦ 2> karpSBVpSay ¬lk;plitpl¦ 3> karCMruj/ ~ of commercial interests karCMrujplRbeyaCn_BaNiC¢kmµ promotional strategy yuT§saRsþpSBVpSay ¬lk;plitpl¦ prompt adj. Pøam²/ ~ cash R)ak;bg;dl;éd/~ delivery karRbKl;Pøam²/ ~ payment karTUTat;Pøam² proof Psþútag/ skçIkmµ propensity TMenar/ ]bnisS½y property RTBü/ sm,tþi/ RTBüsm,tþi/ kmµsiT§i/ dInigGaKar/ ~ insurance karFana r:ab;rgRTBüsm,tþi/ ~ tax Bn§elIRTBüsm,tþi¼ kmµsiT§i proportion n. smamaRt/ in ~ to smamaRtnwg proportional allocation karélEcksmamaRt proportional tax system RbB½n§Bn§smamaRt
proposal sMeNI/ project ~ sMeNIKMerag proprietor, proprietress, n. m©as;/ kmµsiT§ikr prosecution 1> bNþwgsaFarN³/ karbþwgecaT Rbkan; 2> Gyükar ¬PaKIedImecaTkñúgerOgRBhµTNЦ
prosecutor RBHraCGaCJa prospect niTsSn_ ¬karrMBwgTuk¦ prospecting licence GaCJab½NÑsMrab;kar rukrk ¬eRbgkat/ Er:>>>¦ prospective buyer GñkTijkñúgkarrMBwg prospector Gñkrukrk ¬Er:>>>¦/ buersI prospectus briyayb½NÑ prosperity vibulPaB protection kic©¼kar karBar/ environment(al) ~ kic©karBarbrisßan protectionist measure viFankarkarBarplitplkñúgRsuk protocol 1> BiFIsar ¬Éksar¦ 2> BiFIkar ¬sMrab;BiFIepSg²¦
protracted war s®gÁamruaMér: provision 1>esckþIEcg/ bTb,BaØtþi rWbBaØtiþ ¬c,ab;¦/ final ~Gvsanb,BaØtþi/ transitional ~ Gnþrb,BaØtþi 2> viFankareRtom 3> vtßúpÁt;pÁg;/ sMviFanvtßú provision dealer, retail Gñklk;raynUv TMnijes,ógGahar provision reserve sMviFanFn provisional invoice vikáybRtbeNþaHGasnñ proxy 1> GñkTTYlkarepÞrsiT§i/ GaNtþiKahk 2> ÉksarsiT§iRbTan/ lixitepÞrsiT§i 3> siT§iRbTan/ karepÞrsiT§i prudent monetary policy eKalneya)ayrUbiyvtßúRbugRby½tñ prudential measure viFankarRbugRby½tñ prudential rule viFanRbugRby½tñ
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public administration rdæ)alsaFarN³ public n. & adj. 1>saFarNCn/ general ~ saFarNCn 2>saFarN³/ ~ accounting/ accounts KNenyüsaFarN³/ ~ company or ~ limited company (PLC) Rkumh‘un PaKh‘un/ saCIvkmµ ¬manecjsnøwkh‘unlk;[ saFarNCn¦/ ~ finance hirBaØvtßúsaFarN³/ ~ adminstrative establishment RKwHsßan rdæ)alsaFarN³/ ~ entity GgÁPaBrdæ ~ ordersNþab;Fñab;saFarN³/ ~ proclamation esckþIRbkasCasaFarN³/ ~ sector vis½y saFarN³/ ~ utilities shRKaspÁt;pÁg;saFarN³¬pþl;esvasMrab;plRbeyaCn_saFarN³dUcCa Twk/ GKÁIsnI/ ]sµ½n/ TUrKmnaKmn_¦/ ~ works saFarN³kar public relations TMnak;TMngsaFarN³ publicise v. pSBVpSay ¬c,ab;¦ public-spirited EdlKitRbeyaCn_saFarNCn publish v. 1> e)aHBum<pSay 2> RbkaspSay/ RbkaspSayCasaFarN³ purchase ledger esovePAFMTij ¬kt;RtakarTijcUl¦ purchase v. & n. 1> Tij/ ~ on credit TijeCO 2> karTij purchaser GñkTij/ likely/prospective ~ GñkTijEdleKrMBwg purchasing power GMNacTij/ lT§kmµBl/ ~ of the currency GMNacTijénrUbiyvtßú purge visuT§ikmµ/ viercnkmµ/ karsMGitsMGag purify v. cMraj;eGaysuT§/ bnSúT§/ eRcaHsMGat purpose eKaledA
purposive sampling karykKMrUtagtam eKaledA Q, q qualification KuNvuDÆi/ kMritCMnaj/ KuNsm,tþixagCMnaj/ lkçN³sm,tþi qualified acceptance karTTYlRBm edaymanlkçxNÐ qualitative énKuNPaB/ ~ method viFIsaRsþ ¬viPaK¦ tamEbbKuNPaB quality shipped KuNPaB ¬TMnij¦ eBlpÞúk quality standard sþg;darKuNPaB/ bmanIyKuNPaB quantitative énbrimaN/ ~ method
viFIsaRsþ ¬viPaK¦tamEbbbrimaN quarrying GaCIvkmµ¬yk¦fµ quarter 1> RtImas/ 2> mYyPaKbYn/ 2nd ~ of 7th century mYyPaKbYnTI2énstvtSr_TI7 quarter-day éf¶RbKl;R)ak;¬QñÜl¦RbcaMRtImas quarterly adj. & adv. RbcaMRtImas quasi-money rUbiyvtßúepSg² quasi-public institution sßab½nsaFarN³Rbhak;RbEhl questionnaire bBa¢IsMnYr ¬sMrab;sMPasn_¦ quick ratio smaPaKrh½s quintile bBa©PaK ¬sßiti¦ quorum kUr:um ¬cMnYnmnusScaM)ac;sMrab;ebIkkarRbCMu¦ quota kUta/ fixing of ~ karkMNt;kUta/ ~
regime rbbkUta/ ~ sampling karykKMrUtagtamkUta
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quotation éføRbkas ¬enATIpSar¦/ karRbkas éfø/ share ~ karRbkaséføsnøwkh‘un/ keen ~ éføTak;Taj ¬KYreGaycg;Tij¦ quote v. & n. 1> kMNt;¼):an;sµan/ ~ in local currency kMNt;éføCarUbiyvtßúkñúgRsuk 2> éføkMNt; quoted company Rkumh‘uncUlpSarh‘un ¬snøwkh‘unmanlk;¼Tij enApSarh‘un¦ quoted price éfø)anRbkas quotient n. plEck R, r racism BUCsasn_niym raise v. 1> tMelIg/ ~ taxes tMelIgBn§ 2> ekNÐRbmUl/ érGgÁas ¬R)ak;¦ rally (price) eLIgéføvij ¬eRkayBI)ancuH¦ random écdnü/ ~ check karRtYtemIl écdnü/ ~ sample KMrUtagécdnü randomisation écdnünIykmµ range n. 1> RbeLaH/ price ~ RbeLaHéfø/ ~ of vision RbeLaH ¬cMgay¦ emIleXIj 2> cMnYnmux ¬plitplRbePTNamYy¦ 3> CYr ¬PñM¦ rank zan³/ zannþrs½kþi ¬m®nþIraCkar¦ rank v. eFVIcMNat;fñak; ¬tamlMdab;¦ ransom R)ak;elaHxøÜn rate GRta/ exchange ~ GRtabþÚrR)ak;/ closing ~ GRtabþÚrR)ak;enAeBlbiT/ forward ~ GRtabþÚrR)ak;mankalkMNt;/ ~ of interest GRtakarR)ak;/ ~ of return GRtaTajcMNUl/
spot ~ GRtabþÚrR)ak;dl;éd rate éfø ¬Ékta¦ ratification karpþl;sc©ab½n/ sc©anumti rating kareFVIcMNat;fñak; tMél¼KuNsm,tþi/ performance ~ kareFVIcMNat;fñak;lT§plkargar ratio smaPaK/ Gnu)at/ ~ analysis karviPaKsmaPaK rational smehtupl/ sniTanIy/ ~ expectation karrMBwgsmehtupl rationale sniTanPaB/ ehtupl rationality sniTanPaB rationalisation sniTankmµ/ kareFVI[rwtEt manRbsiT§PaB/ ~ of civil servants sniTankmµm®nþIraCkar raw adj. eqA/ ~ data Tinñn½yeqA ¬minTan; viPaK¦/ ~ materials vtßúFatuedIm real Bit/ ~ GNP plitplCatisrubBit/ ~ rate of interest GRtakarR)ak;Bit real estate/property GclnRTBü ¬dI nig ¼b¤ GaKar¦/ ~ agency TIPñak;garGclnRTBü realism R)akdniym reality n. tfPaB/ karBit realisation smiT§ikmµ/ smiT§ipl realise v. sMerc/ eFVIeGaysMerc realty GclnRTBü reasonable smrmü reassess v. vaytMéleLIgvij/ reassessment n. rebate 1> karcuHéfø ¬elI TMnijminRtUv)a:n;¼ karsgR)ak;munéf¶kMNt;¦ 2> kar bnßy¼cuH éfø ¬[GtifiCnEdlTijeRcIn¦ 3> karbgViltMél ¬mYyqñaMKitmþgCakardwgKuN
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dl;GtifiCn¦ receipt bgáan;éd/ lixitTTYl receiver GñkTTYl recession, economic karFøak;cuHesdækic© recidivism, case of krNIminragcal recipient GñkTTYl/ ~ country RbeTs TTYl ¬]> CMnYy¦ reciprocity bdikar/ PaBmaneTAmanmk recognise sÁal;/ TTYlsÁal;/ recognised RbtiRsut recommendation Gnusasn_/ mtipþaMepJI recompense v. & n. 1> sg ¬karxUcxat¦/ 2> sMNg reconcile v. bnSúI/ sMrbsMrYl/ pSHpSaeLIg vij/ reconciliation n. reconnaissance study karsikSaEsVgyl; reconversion karpøas;bþÚreLIgvij/ karerob cMeLIgvij record n. & v. 1> kMNt;Rta/ Rbvtþi/ ÉtTKÁkmµ ¬lT§plx<s;bMput¦/ ~ profits cMeNjx<s;bMputminFøab;man 2> kt;Rta recourse ])aRs½y ¬siT§irbs;Gñkkan;rUbiyaNtþi kñúgkartamTarsMNgBIGñkeFVIbidæielx¦ recoverable (debt) EdlGacRbmUlvij)an recovery 1> karykcUlvij ¬R)ak;bgáar¦ 2> karRbmUlmkvij/ ~ of debts karRbmUl R)ak;bMNulmkvij 3>karerIb ¬esdækic©¦ recreation (service) kMsanþ rectangular strategy yuT§saRsþctuekaN rectification karEktMrUv recurrent adj. mþgehIymþgeTot/
~ expenditure cMNaymþgehIymþgeTot recycling karEkécññeLIgvij red soil dIRkhm red tape kariyaFibetyü/ EbbbTniym redeem v. 1> sgpþac;/ ~ a debt sgbMNulpþac; 2> bþÚr¼lk; ykR)ak; ¬]>sBaØab½NѦ redemption n. karsgpþac; ¬bMNul¦ rediscount bunGbhar ¬eFVIGbharmþgeTot¦ redistribution karEbgEckeLIgvij redress n. sMNg ¬karxUcxat/ CMgWcitþ¦ reduction karkat;bnßy/ budget ~ karkat;bnßyfvika redundancy programme kmµviFIbBaÄb; BlkredaykgVHkargar redundant adj. EdleRcInelIstMrUvkar rW KµanRbeyaCn_ re-election kare)aHeqñatsaCafµI reexportation karnaMecjbnþ/ bunnIhrNkmµ referee GaCJakNþal reference book esovePA eyag¼RsavRCav reference period RKa¼ry³eBl eKal referral hospital mnÞIreBTübEg¥k refinancing (loan) bunhirBaØb,Tan ¬kMcI¦ reflect v. qøúHbBa©aMg reforestation kardaMéRBeQIeLIgvij/ bunvnkar reform n. & v. 1> kMENTMrg; 2> EkTMrg; refund v. & n. 1> sgvij 2> R)ak;sgvij refusal karbdiesF/ karRbEkk/ ~ of acceptance karbdiesFkarTTYlRBm regardless edayminKitdl; regime rbb/ financial ~ rbbhirBaØvtßú
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region tMbn;/ sub-~ GnutMbn;/ military ~ eyaFPUmiPaK/ military sub- ~ tMbn;Rbtibtþikar swkrg regionalisation tMbn;PavUbnIykmµ register n.&v. 1> bBa¢I 2> cuHbBa¢I/ cuHbBa¢Ikar registered capital mUlFn)ancuHbBa¢I ¬CapøÚvkar¦ registered letter/parcel lixit¼kBa©b;beBaØI GnusiT§i registered office (of a company) TIcat;karcuHbBa¢ICapøÚvkar registrar m®nþIcuHbBa¢I ¬Gñkkan;kab;bBa¢I¦ registration n. karcuHbBa¢I/ ~ certificate viBaØabnb½RtcuHbBa¢I/ ~ number elxcuHbBa¢I regressive tax system RbB½n§Bn§fycuH ¬fyGRtaenAeBlcMnUlekIneLIg¦ regular adj. eTogTat;/ ~ income R)ak;cMNUleTogTat; regularity PaBeTogTat;/ niytPaB regularisation niytkmµ regularly edayeTogTat; regulate v. RKb;RKgeday bTbBa¢a¼ bTb,BaØtþic,ab; regulations bTbBa¢a ¬lixitbTdæan kñúg ÉksarxøH¦/ commune ~ dIkaXMu/ general ~nItirYm/ internal ~ bTbBa¢aépÞkñúg regulator niytkr rehabilitation karsþareLIgvij/ nItism,Ta/ ~ project KMerag nItism,Ta¼sþareLIgvij/ ~ of finances karsþarhirBaØvtßúeLIgvij reimburse v. sgvij ¬R)ak;Edl)ancMNay¦ reimbursement karsgvij reinsurance ¬kar¦ Fanar:ab;rgbnþ
reinvest v. 1> vinieyaKbnþ ¬vinieyaKR)ak; cMenjeTAkñúgGaCIvkmµvij¦ 2> vinieyaKeLIgvij reject v. & n. 1> Rcanecal 2> vtßúRcanecal ¬eRBaHminRtUvsþg;dar¦ related ¬Cab;¦ Tak;Tg¼Tak;Tin relation TMnak;TMng relative adj. EdleFob/ ~ price éføeFob relative advantage ]tþmPaBeRbobeFob relative majority vote sMelgPaKeRcIn edayeFob ¬)ansMelgeRcInCagebkçCnmñak;eTot¦ relative n. sac;jati/ jatiBn§ relativity saebkçPaB ¬PaBmanTMnak;TMng¦/ rWLaTIvIet release v. beBa©j/ edaHElg/ bn§Úr ¬sMBaF¦ relevant adj. EdlBak;B½n§/ ~ institution sßab½nBak;B½n§ relief n. CMnYy/ tax ~ karGnueRKaHBn§/ ~ assistance CMnYyse®gÁaHbnÞan; relinquish bgVileGayvij/ e)aHbg; remainder sMNl; ¬GVIEdlenAsl;¦ reminder n. lixitrMlwk ¬]> [mkbg;Bn§¦ remission of taxes karbgVilsgR)ak;Bn§ ¬Edl)anbg;elIs¦ remittance karepJIR)ak;ecj/ visC¢na/ karepÞrR)ak; remote area tMbn;dac;Rsyal removal from a government office dkecjBImuxtMENgGVImYykñúgrdæaPi)al remunerate v. pþ;l;laPkar remuneration laPkar/ R)ak;kMér/ R)ak;Ex/ R)ak;QñÜl/ R)ak;bMNac; renew v. a licence bnþGaCJab½NÑ renewable energy famBlkekIteLIgvij
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rent v. & n. 1> CYl 2> R)ak;QñÜl ¬sMxan; elIGclnRTBü ¦ rental 1> R)ak;QñÜl ¬GclnRTBü nig clnRTBü¦ 2> karCYl renter GñkCYlBIeK reorganisation karerobcMeLIgvij repatriation matuPUminivtþn_ repayment n. karsgvij/ R)ak;sgvij/ ~ schedule tarageBlsgR)ak; repeat order karbBa¢aTijEfmeTot ¬nUvmuxTMnijdEdl¦ repercussion (of an incident) RbtiXat replacement investment vinieyaKbnøas; replacement value tMélpøas;ecj ¬pøas;rbs;mYyedayrbs;mYyepSgeTot¦ replenish v. bMeBjeLIgvij replicate eFVIcMlgtam/ eFVIsaCafµI ¬tamlMnaMdUcKña¦ report r)aykarN_/ annual ~ r)aykarN_ RbcaMqñaM/ market ~ r)aykarN_éføTMnijenATIpSar representative tMNag/ GñktMNag/ authorized ~ GñktMNagmansiT§iRbTan reproductive adj. énkarbnþBUC/ ~ healthsuxPaBbnþBUC repurchase karTijykvij reputation ekrþ×eQµaH/ kitþinam/ good ~ kitþisBÞ request v. & n. 1> esñI 2> sMeNI require v. tMrUv[ ¬eFVIGVImYy¦/ required reserves R)ak;bMrugtamkartMrUv ¬]/ kñúgc,ab;¦ requirement kartMrUv
resampling karykKMrUtagsaCafµI reschedule (a loan) eFVIkalviPaKfµI rescind v. a contract lubecalkic©snüa rescue v. & n. 1> se®gÁaH 2> karse®gÁaH research v. & n. 1> RsavRCav 2> kar RsavRCav/ ~ and development (R & D) karRsavRCav nigGPivDÆn_ researcher GñkRsavRCav/ associate ~ GñkRsavRCavrg/ fellow ~ GñkRsavRCav/ senior ~ GñkRsavRCavCan;x<s; reserve FnbMrug/ zbnIyPNÐ/ ~ of value FnbMrugmantémø/ ~ ratio smaPaKFnbMrug/ ~ requirement account KNnIFnbMrug katBVkic©/ ~ requirements kartMrUvFnbMrug/ ~ tranche PaKFnbMrug reserve fund mUlniFibMrug reserve member (of a committee) smaCikbMrug ¬énKN³kmµaFikar¦ reserved bMrugTuk/ ~ forest éRBbMrugTuk reserve, Tonle Sap biosphere zbnIyCIvmNÐlbwgTenøsab residence nivasdæan/ nivasndæan resident nivasCn¼nivasnCn/ Gñksñak;enA/ non- ~ GnivasCn¼GnivasnCn resident representative tMNagRbcaMRbeTs residual value tMélsMNl; resignation karlaElgBItMENg resolution n. 1> esckþIsMerccitþ ¬énGgÁRbCMu¦/ 2> karedaHRsay/ conflict ~ karedaHRsayTMnas; resort rmNIydæan/ ~ site mNÐlkMsanþ/
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kEnøgrmNIydæan resource FnFan/ ~ consumption kareRbIR)as;FnFan resource-rent tax (RRT) Bn§CYlFnFan response bias lMeGogkñúgcMelIy response rate GRtaeqøIytb responsibility karTTYlxusRtUv responsible, to hold cab;eGayTTYlxusRtUv responsiveness n. kar¼PaB eqøIytb restoration n. karsþarCYsCul[dUcedIm restraining force kMlaMgbg¥ak; restrict v. dak;kMhit/ ~ credit dak;kMhit elI\NTan restriction n. kMhit/ kardak;kMhit/ trade ~kMhitBaNiC¢kmµ restructured loan kMcI)anerobcMeLIgvij ¬BnüaeBlsg¦ resumption of exports karbnþnaMecj eLIgvij ¬eRkay)anp¥akmYyry³¦ retail outlet hag¼kEnøg lk;ray retail, to sell lk;ray retailer, retail dealer Gñklk;ray retail-trade business GaCIvkmµ¼ BaNiC¢kmµ lk;ray retained earnings R)ak;cMeNjrkSaTuk retained imports TMnijnaMcUlsMrab;eRbI R)as; ¬kñúgRsuk¦ retention of staff karrkSaTukbuKÁlik ¬kMueGayeKecjBIGgÁPaB¦ retiree nivtþCn retirement karcUlnivtþn_ retirement pension esaFnnivtþn_
retrenchment karkat;bnßy ¬cMnay¦ retroactive Rbtiskmµ/ ~ effect \T§iBl Rbtiskmµ retrospection karRkeLkemIleTAGtItkal return 1> R)ak;cMNUl 2> lixitRbkas/ tax ~ lixitRbkassareBIBn§/ nil ~ lixitRbkas sareBIBn§EdlKµanbMNulBn§RtUvbg; return on investment ratio smaPaK cMNUleFobnwgTunvinieyaK return, rate of GRtaTajcMNUl returnable pack(ag)ing sMbkevcx©b; RbmUlvij¼epJITuk returned cheque mUlb,Tanb½RtbBa¢ÚnRtLb; returns 1> TMnijbBa¢ÚnRtLb; 2> cMNUlBIvinieyaK revaluation karvaytMéleLIgvij revealed comparative advantage ]tþmPaBeRbobeFobBinitüeXIj revenue cMNUl/ R)ak;cMNUl/ ~ policy eKalneya)ayxagcMNUl/ unearned ~ cMNUlTTYlmun reverse an entry v. cuHbRBa©aselxna/ eFVIRbtiRkanþelxna reversible EdlGacERbRkLas;)an review karBinitüeLIgvij/ ~ mission ebskkmµBinitüeLIgvij/ for ~ and decision/approval edIm,IBinitü nigsMerc revise v. EksMrYl/ revised plan Epnkar EksMrYl revocable letter of credit sar\NTanGaclubvij)an revoke a licence dkhUtGaCJab½NÑ ¬mkvij¦
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revolving fund Tuncl½t reward n. & v. 1> rgVan; 2> pþl;rgVan; right n. & adj. 1> siT§i 2> RtwmRtUv right of first refusal siT§ibdiesFTImYy right of way siT§iqøgkat; ¬dIeK¦ right to the lease siT§iPtisnüa ¬siT§iénkic©snüaCYl¦ riot n. & v. 1> kub,kmµ 2> eFVIkub,kmµ rise v. & n. 1> ekIn 2> kMeNIn risk haniP½y/ PaBRbfuyRbfan/ eRKaHP½y/ at owner’s ~ haniP½yr:ab;rgedaym©as; ¬TMnij¦/ ~ consideration karBicarNaBI haniP½y/ ~ taking karh‘anRbfuynwghaniP½y/ aggregate credit ~ haniP½y\NTansrub rival n. KURbECg road tax Bn§pøÚv role play sMEdg ¬tY¦ roll over v. (loan) pþl;saeLIgvij ¬kMcI¦ rough estimate kar)a:n;sµanec,al² routine n. TMrg;kardEdl² row CYr/ CYrepþk ¬tarag¦ royalties sYy ¬rW kMérsYysar/ R)ak;bg;éfø QñÜleFVIGaCIvkmµ/ R)ak;lk;sñaéd¦ rule viFan/ ~ of law nItirdæ ruling esckþIsMercCapøÚvkar ¬tulakar¦/ saldIka ¬tulakarkMBUl¦ ruling prices éføCak;Esþg run a factory ¬RKb;RKg¦ dMeNIrkareragcRk running costs cMNay ¬sMrab;¦ dMeNIrkar rush hour em:agmmajwk
S, s SAC (structural adjustment credit) \NTankMENtMrUvrcnasm<½n§ ¬rbs;FnaKar BiPBelak¦ safeguard v. KaMBar safety suvtßiPaB/ ~ net sMNaj;¼RbB½n§suvtßiPaB salary ebovtSr_/ R)ak;Ex/ starting ~ ebovtSr_ cab;epþImbMerIkar/ ~ index snÞsSn_ebovtSr_/ ~ loan (receivable) kMcIelIebovtSr_ sale karlk;/ cash ~ karlk;ykCasac;R)ak;/ for ~ lk; ¬sresrelIpøakRbkas¦/ ~ invoice vikáybRtlk;/ ~ contract kic©snüalk;/ ~ on credit karlk;eCO/ ~ on instalment plan karlk;eGaysgbNþak;/ ~ or return epJIlk; ¬Gñklk;rayTUTat;sgEtéføTMnijlk;dac; ehIybgVilTMnijenAsl;[Gñklk;dMuvij¦/ ~ proceeds/revenue cMNUlBIkarlk; sales R)ak;lk;)an/ cMnYnTMnijlk;)an/ ~ manager naykRKb;RKgkarlk;/ ~ mix sareBIP½NÐTMnijsMrab;lk;/ ~ promotion karpSBVpSaylk;/ ~ returns TMnijlk;min dac;bBa¢Únmkvij/ ~ tax Bn§elIcMNUllk;)an/ ~ value tMéllk;¬)an¦/ ~ volume cMnYn Éktalk; ¬)an¦ salesman Gñklk;/ tMNaglk; salination or salinisation karERbCaéRb ¬]> dIéRb¦ salvage v. & n. 1> RbmUlvij 2> rbs;)an
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BIkarRbmUl ¬BI GKÁIP½y/ navalic>>>¦ 3> kar se®gÁaH ¬nava b¤TMnijpÞúk¦ salvage/scrap value tMélRbmUl)anvij ¬eBlbeBa©jlk;rbs; rWeRKOgcRkcas;²¦ sample n. KMrUtag/ ):an;/ take a ~ v. ykKMrU tag/ ~ allocation karélEckKMrUtag/ ~ design bøg;KMrUtag/ ~ group RkumKMrUtag/ ~ overlap karKgKMrUtag/ ~ implementation karRsg; KMrUtag/ ~ selection kareRCIsKMrUtag/ ~ survey GegátKMrUtag sample v. ykKMrUtag/ sampled children kumar ¬RtUv)an¦ ykCaKMrUtag sampling karykKMrUtag/ ~ bias lMeGogyk KMrUtag/ ~ domain tMbn;ykKMrUtag/ ~ error el¥ógykKMrUtag/ ~ efficiency RbsiT§PaByk KMrUtag/ ~ frame eRKagykKMrUtag/ ~ rate GRta ykKMrUtag/ ~ variance v:arIy:g;ykKMrUtag sanction TNÐkmµ/ kmµvi)ak/ economic ~ TNÐkmµesdækic© sanction, with your Edl)ankarGnuBaØat BIelakGñk sanctuary TICMrk/ fish ~ kEnøgGPirkSBUCRtI/ wildlife ~ EdnCMrkstVéRB saturate v. ep¢ak/ eFVItitßikmµ saver GñksnSMR)ak;/ snñiFikark³ savings R)ak;snSM/ sBa¢½y/ ~ account KNnI snSM¼sBa¢½y/ ~ bank FnaKar snSM¼sBa¢½y/ ~ curve ExSekagR)ak;snSM/ ~ bank book esovePAebLasMéc saw mill eragcRkGareQI scale xñat/ TMhM/ fñak;/ maRtdæan ¬énEpnTI¦/ economies of ~ esdækic©maRtdæan
scarcity PaBkMr/ tnuPaB scenario esNarIy:U/ qak schedular tax Bn§viPaKtamRbePTcMNUl schedule, time tarageBl/ kalviPaK scheme eRKagkar scope visalPaB/ EdnGnuvtþ ¬c,ab;¦/ TMhM scrap product plitplkaksMNl; scrap/salvage value tMélRbmUl)anvij ¬BIkarbeBa©jlk;plitplkaksMNl;¦ sea-damaged EdlxUcxatedaysarTwk smuRT seal n. & v. 1> Rta 2> e)aHRtabiT ¬]> kugtWenIr¦/ sealed tender karedjéfø kñúgeRsamsMbuRtbiTCit seaport kMBg;EpsmuRT seasonal tamrdUv/ manlkçN³rdUvkal seaworthiness lT§PaBeFVIdMeNIrtamsmuRT secondary bnÞab;bnSM/ ~ need tMrUvkar bnÞab;bnSM/ ~ data Tinñn½yRbPBTIBIr secondary school salamFümsikSa/ higher ~ salamFümsikSaTutiyPUmi/ lower ~ salamFümsikSabzmPUmi second-stage unit (SSU) ÉktadMNak;TIBIr secretariat elxaFikardæan secretary elxaFikar/ ~ general GKÁelxaFikar/ ~ of state rdæelxaFikar sector n. vis½y/ ~ -wide TUTaMgvis½y sectoral adj. tamvis½y/ ~ level kMritvis½y secured mankarFana/ assets fully ~ RTBü skmµmankarFanaeBjelj securities mUlb½Rt/ ~ market pSarmUlb½Rt
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security 1> snþisux/ food ~ snþisuxes,óg 2> karFana 3> rbs;Fana ¬R)atiePaK¦ 4> GñkFana Security Council (UN) RkumRbwkSasnþisux ¬Gsb¦ security, without edayKµanvtßúFana SEDP (Socio-Economic Development Programme) EpnkarGPivDÆn_esdækic©-sgÁmkic© seed n. RKab;BUC/ ~ capital Tun edIm¼BUC ¬edIm,I[)anduHdal¦/ ~ money R)ak; edIm¼BUC seizure karrwbGUs selection kareRCIs/ kareRCIserIs/ ~ error el¥ógkñúgkareRCIs/ ~ interval cenøaHeRCIs/ tentative ~ kareRCIsbeNþaHGasnñ self-determination sV½ysMerc self-employed people CnbMerIGaCIB[xøÜnÉgself-financing sV½yhirBaØb,Tan self-help approach viFIsaRsþCYyxøÜnÉg self-managing sV½yRKb;RKg self-regulating mechanism ynþkar sV½yEktMrUv self-reinforcing system RbB½n§sV½yBRgwg self-reliance PaBm©as;kar/ karBwgEp¥kelIxøÜnÉg self-sufficiency PaBGacpÁt;pÁg;xøÜnÉgRKb; self-sustaining sV½yRTRTg; self-weighting sV½yTMgn;/ ~ design bøg;sV½yTMgn;/ ~ sample KMrUtagsV½yTMgn; sell lk;/ ~ at auction lk;edjéfø/ ~ at a discount lk;cuHéfø/ ~ on credit lk;eCO/ ~ up RbmUllk;eRkayeBlkS½yFn/ ~ retail lk;ray
seller, best esovePAlk;dac;bMput seller, quick TMnijlk;dac;qab; ¬gaylk;;¦ selling karlk;/ ~ order bBa¢alk;/ ~ price éfølk; semi-autonomous Bak;kNþalsVy½t semiconductor GgÁFatuBak;kNþalcMlg ¬eGLicRtUnik¦ semi-finished product plitplBak; kNþalsMerc send back v. epJIRtLb;vij send for collection v. epJIeTARbmUlR)ak; sender GñkepJI senior adj. fñak;x<s;/ ~ minister eTsrdæm®nþI/ ~ officer m®nþIfñak;x<s; seniority GtItPaB/ promotion by ~ tMelIgfñak;tamGtItPaB sensitive issue bBaðaresIb sensitivity PaBresIb/ PaBqab;rMePIb/ PaBqab;ejac/ evTyitPaB/ ~ analysis viPaKénevTyiTPaB sensitise v. bMpuskarPJak;rlwk series of reports kMrgr)aykarN_ servant GñkbMerI/ civil ~ m®nþIraCkarsuIvil/ public ~ m®nþIraCkar service esva/ esvakmµ/ ~ fees kMéresva/ ~ contract kic©snüaesva/ ~ charge éføesva ~ industry ]sSahkmµesva service v. a debt sgkarR)ak; session sm½yRbCMu/ plenary ~ sm½yRbCMu eBjGgÁ set n. sMrab; ¬]> kUnesamYysMrab;¦/ bNþúM
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¬]> bNþúMeKaledA¦ settlement dMeNaHRsay/ karTUTat;/ final ~karTUTat;pþac;/ ~ bank FnaKarTUTat;/ ~ credit \NTanTUTat; several (liability) dac;BIKña/ erog²xøÜn ¬karTTYlxusRtUvminrYmKña¦ severance payment (or golden handshake) R)ak;bMNac;eBlQb;eFVIkar/ R)ak;ebIkpþac; sex worker GñkrksuIpøÚvePT share n. h‘un/ snøwkh‘un/ ~ market pSarh‘un share n. & v. 1> cMENk/ market ~ cMENk TIpSar 2> EckrMElk/ ~ experiences Eck rMElkbTBiesaFn_ shareholder Gñkkan;PaKh‘un/ PaKTunik³/ influential ~ PaKTunik³man\T§iBl sharing PaKkmµ/ karEbgEck shelter n. CMrk/ tax ~ CMrkecosBn§ shipped bill of lading GBaØatb½NÑdwk TMnijtamnava shipped quality KuNPaB¬TMnij¦eBlpÞúk shipping agent Pñak;garnavacr shipping company Rkumh‘unnavacr shipping note lixitbBa¢ÚnTMnij shop around v. rkemIlTMnij ¬éfø/ KuNPaB>>> edIm,ITij¦/ ERCTMnijemIl shoplifting karlYc\v:an;kñúghag shopping n. karedIrTijTMnij/ international ~ karBieRKaHéføCaGnþrCati short bill rUbiyaNtþikMNt;ry³eBlxøI short delivery karRbKl;TMnijxVH short notice, at CUndMNwgmunry³eBlxøI
short of, be v. xVHxat/ Gs; short term ry³eBlxøI/ ~ payoff plry³eBlxøI shortage kgVH/ karRkxSt;/ ~ in weight kgVHTMgn; short-change v. Gab; ¬R)ak;¦ xVH shortcoming kgVHxat shortfall kgVH ¬fvika¦/ cMnYnxVH short-season rice RsUvRsal show of hands n. kare)aHeqñatedayelIkéd sick leave karQb;sMrakeBlQW sick pay R)ak;]btßmÖeBlQW side effect plb:HBal;bnÞab;bnSM/ bc©½yrg sight bill/draft rUbiyaNtþibgðaj ¬bþÚryk R)ak;)anenAeBlbgðaj¦ sight payment karsgR)ak;eBlbgðajÉksar sight deposit R)ak;beBaØIGacebIk)antamsMeNI ¬edayBMucaM)ac;pþl;dMNwgmun[FnaKar¦ signatory htßelxI significance sar³sMxan; silting (of waterways) karduHdI silviculture rukçvb,kmµ simple samBaØ/ ~ entry elxnasamBaØ ¬mancuHKNnIEt 1KU¦/ ~ interest karR)ak; samBaØ ¬KitelIEtR)ak;edIm¦ simple random sampling karykKMrUtagécdnüsamBaØ simple response variance va:rIy:g;cMelIysamBaØ simple unbiased estimate kar)a:n;sµansamBaØminlMeGog simplification n. kareFVIsamBaØkmµ/ ~ of
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customs procedures kareFVIsamBaØkmµnItiviFIKy simplify n. eFVIeGaysamBaØ simulation kareFVIRtab;tam sine qua non condition lkçxNÐxanmin)an single entry (accounting) rebobcuHbBa¢IÉkPaK single indicator technique bec©keTsGaMgDIkaT½reTal single window RckecjcUlEtmYy sinking fund mUlniFidak;snSMbMrug ¬TwkR)ak; dkmkrkSaTukedayELky:ageTogTat; sMrab; edaHRsaytMrUvkarGVImYynaGnaKtdUcCasg bMNulCaedIm¦ Sino-Khmer Exµrkat;cin site TIkEnøg size TMhM skill CMnaj/ life ~ bMNinCIvit slogan Baküesøak slope of a curve/line cMeNatén ExSekag¼ bnÞat; sloppy adj. x¢Ix¢a/ ~ work kargarx¢Ix¢a slum n. sgáat;RkIRk¬rexkrxak¦/ ~ -dwellersGñkrs;enAkñúgsgáat;RkIRk slush fund hibexµA ¬begáItedaysMgat;¦ small-scale xñattUc SME (small and medium enterprise) shRKasFuntUc nigmFüm smoking gun PsþútagekþA² smooth adj. relag/ rlUn/ ~ operation dMeNIrkarrlUn ¬l¥¦
smuggler Gñkrt;Bn§ smuggling karrt;Bn§ social énsgÁm/ sgÁmkic©/ ~ cost bnÞúksgÁm/ karxatbg;xagsgÁmkic©/ ~ cost-benefit analysis (SCBA) karviPaKcMnay nigplcM enjxagsgÁmkic©/ ~ impact plb:HBal;sgÁm/ ~ insurance cost bnÞúkcMNayFanar:ab;rgsgÁm/ ~ justice yutþiFm’sgÁm/ ~ morality sIlFm’ sgÁm/ ~ order sNþab;Fñab;sgÁm/ ~ product plitplsgÁm/ ~ reintegration bunsmah rNkmµsgÁmkic©/ ~ safety net RbB½n§suvtßiPaB sgÁm/ ~ security/welfare (budget expenditure) R)ak;viPaCn_sgÁm/ ~ security snþisuxsgÁm/ ~ security contribution viPaKTansnþisuxsgÁm/ ~ status zan³ ¬kñúg¦ sgÁm/ ~ strictures bBaØtþisgÁm/ socio-economic adj. esdækic©-sgÁmkic©/ ~ policy eKalneya)ayesdækic©-sgÁmkic©/ ~ survey Gegátesdækic©-sgÁmkic© sociology sgÁmviTüa soft currency rUbiyvtßúexSay ¬minGacbþÚrykrUbiyvtßúdéTeTot)an¦ soft goods TMnijvaynP½NÐ soft loan kMcImankarR)ak;Tab ¬TabCagGRta enATIpSar¦/ kMcIKµankarR)ak; soft market TIpSarmankarpÁt;pÁg;eRcInCag tMrUvkar soft repayment terms lkçxNÐsgGnueRKaH software (computer) sUhVEvr soil erosion kareRcaHdac;dI sole agency TIPñak;garpþac;mux
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sole agent/representative tMNagpþac;mux sole distributor GñkEbgEckpþac;mux sole proprietorship 1> ÉkkmµsiT§i 2> shRKasÉkbuKÁl solicitor Gñkc,ab; ¬PaKeRcIn CYyBieRKaH eyabl; nigerobcMÉksarxagc,ab;¦ solidarity n. samKÁIPaB solvency saFnPaB/ lT§PaBsgbMNul solvent saFnIy ¬EdlGacsgbMNul¦ sophisticated technology bec©kviTüa eCOnelOnnigsµúKsµaj sort v. erobtamlMdab; sound adj. RtwmRtUv/ RbkbedayKtibNÐit
sound the market v. sÞabsÞg;TIpSar South, the TkSiNRbeTs¬RbeTsRk¦ sovereign immunity GP½yÉksiT§irdæ ¬siT§i rbs;rdæedIm,I)anrYcputBIkarbþwgTarsMNgxUcxat¦ sovereign risk haniP½yrdæaPi)alminGac sgR)ak; sovereignty GFibetyüPaB spatial sampling karykKMrUtagtamkEnøg
special drawing rights (SDR) siT§idkBiess special economic zone tMbn;esdækic©Biess special promotion zone (SPZ) tMbn; GPivDÆn_Biess speciality ÉkeTs/ rbs;Biess specialisation ÉkeTsnIykmµ/ CMnajnIykmµ specialised bank FnaKarÉkeTs specific period of time ry³¼kMNt; eBlCak;lak;
specification yfaRbePT specify v. bBa¢ak;/ kMNt;/ specified period kal kMNt;¼bBaØtþi specimen KMrUbgðaj/ bdirUb/ ~ signature KMrUhtßelxa speculation n. 1> karqk;»kasekgcMeNj ¬kñúgkarTij¼lk;¦/ oil ~ karqk;»kasekg cMeNjkñúgeRbgkat 2> karvaysµan/ pure ~ karvaysµansuT§saF spoilage n. 1> karxUcKuNPaB ¬rbs;hUb¦ 2> rbs;xUcKuNPaB spoils C½yP½NÐ/ vtßúrwbGUs)an spot price éføTijlk;dl;éd ¬TUTat; nig RbKl;TMnijPøam²¦ spouse shB½T§ spread, spreading n. karrIkraldal squeeze v. expenditure rwtt,itcMNay stabilisation sßirkmµ¼sßirPavUbnIykmµ/ ~ policy neya)aysßirkmµ stability, economic sßirPaBesdækic© stable exchange rate GRtabþÚrR)ak;man sßirPaB staff buKÁlik stage n. dMNak;/ dMNak;kal stagflation (stagnation + inflation) kars<wkRTwgmanGtiprNa stagnation kars<wkRTwg/ GvDÆnPaB/ economic ~ kars<wkRTwgesdækic© stake PaKkmµ/ karcUlh‘un stakeholder GñkmanPaKh‘un/ GñkBak;B½n§ stamp duty Bn§Etm standard sþg;dar/ ~ cost tMélsþg;dar/
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~ deviation KMlatsþg;dar/ draft ~ sþg;dar RBag/ compulsory ~ sþg;darbBa¢a/ gold ~ sþg;dar¼xñat mas/ ~ of living or living standard kMritCIvPaB/ up to ~ dl;kMrit sþg;dar ~ operating procedures nItiviFI Rbtibtþikarsþg;dar standard-conversion factor (SCF) ktþabMElgsþg;dar standardisation sþg;darUbnIykmµ stand-by adj. eRtom/ ~ agreement kic©RBmeRBogeRtom/ ~ credit \NTaneRtom standing (bank) sþg;Dig¼sßanPaB/ bank of good ~ FnaKarmansþg;Digl¥ standing order lixitbBa¢aGcié®nþy_ ¬[ FnaKarepÞrR)ak;y:ageTogTat;eTAKNnImYy eTotrhUtdl;manbBa¢afµI¦ standpoint, from the economic tamTsSn³esdækic© staple product plitplmUldæan start-up cost esah‘uycab;epþIm state enterprise or state-owned
enterprise shRKasrdæ state general budget fvikaTUeTArbs;rdæ State Treasury rtnaKarCati statement esckþIRbkas/ r)aykarN_/ financial ~ r)aykarN_hirBaØvtßú/ ~ of account sMrg;¼r)aykarN_ KNnI/ ~ of affairs bBa¢IsareBIP½NÐeBlkS½yFn/ ~ of receipts and payments r)aykarN_cMNUl cMNay/ monthly ~ r)aykarN_RbcaMEx station of destination/origin sßanIy
eKaledA¼ecjdMeNIr statistics sßiti status sßanPaB/ zan³/ ~-inquiry agency TIPñak;garRsavRCavsßanPaBRkumh‘un/ ~ quo sßanPaBCak;EsþgkMBugman/ ~ symbol nimitþ sBaØasMKal;zan³ statute lkçnþik³/ co-~ of civil servants shlkçnþik³m®nþIraCkarsuIvil statute of limitation GaCJayukal steadily CaeTogTat;/ CaCMhan² steering committee KN³kmµaFikar dwknaMkargar¼nayk stem n. edIm ¬cMENkeRkABIKl;Cab;b£s nig cugCab;søwk¦/ cassava ~ edImdMLÚgeQI ¬]> sMrab;eFVIBUC¦ step (in a process) CMhan ¬kñúgdMeNIrkar GVImYy¦/ ~ by ~ mYyCMhanmþg² stereotype n. pñt;KMnit stevedore kmµkrkMBg;Ep stevedoring karelIkdak;TMnijecjcUlk)a:l; stewardship n. karEfTaMRKb;RKg stiff price éfø x<s;¼x<s;eBk stimulate v. CMruj/ bMpus stipulate v. Ecg stock n. snøwkh‘un/ ~ exchange/market pSarh‘un stock n. sþúk/ snñiFi/ TMnij/ opening ~ sþúkedImRKa/ out of ~ Gs;BIsþúk/ ~ control karRtYtBinitüsþúk/ ~ in hand sþúkkñúgéd ¬mankñúghag¼XøaMg¦/ ~ in trade sþúkTMnij sMrab;lk;/ ~ turnover (ratio) GRtabgVilsþk
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¬kñúgmYyqñaM¦/ ~ lines muxTMnijkñúgXøaMg stock v. sþúk ¬TMnijTuklk;¦ stock, natural fish sþúkRtIFmµCati stockbroker KYkeCh‘un stockout n. Gs;BIsþúk ¬PaB¦ stockpile v. & n. sþúkeRcIn² ¬nUvGVImYy sMrab;eRbIenAéf¶eRkay¦ stocktaking kareFVIsareBIP½NÐ/ ~ sale karlk;LayLúgmuneBleFVIsareBIP½NÐ ¬edIm,I[ RsLHXøaMg¦ stopfiler (tax) Gñkdak;RbkassareBIBn§ min)anRKb;elIk storage karsþúk ¬Tukdak;GIv:an;kñúgXøaMg¦ storekeeper/shopkeeper m©as;hag straight-line depreciation method viFIrMls;esµIPaK strategic needs tMrUvkarCayuT§saRsþ strategist n. yuT§saRsþviTU/ GñkyuT§saRsþ strategy yuT§saRsþ stratification RsTab;nIykmµ stratum RsTab;/ ~ mean mFümPaKénRsTab; strike kUdkmµ stringent twgruwg/ ~ measures viFankartwgruwg strong market pSarxøaMg ¬TIpSarman GñkTijeRcIn¦ structural adjustment kMENtMrUvrcnasm<½n§/ ~ loan kMcIsMrab;kMENtMrUvrcnasm<½n§ structural adjustment facility (SAF) ]bkrN_sMrYlsMrab;kMENtMrUvrcnasm<½n§ structure n. rcnasm<½n§/ ~ of banking institutions rcnasm<½n§sßab½nFnaKar structured experience bTBiesaFn_man
lkçN³CaRbB½n§ student stipends R)ak;bMNac;sMrab;nisSit study tour TsSnkic©sikSa sub-class fñak;rg sub-classification cMNat;fñak;rg subcontract v. em:Akarbnþ/ cuHkic©snüabnþ subcontractor Gñkem:Akarbnþ/ GñkcuHkic©snüabnþ sub-decree GnuRkwtü subdivide v. Eckbnþ ¬KNnI/ Rkum>>¦ subjective choice CMerIsGtþenam½t sublet, sublease CYlbnþ sub-national adj. fñak;eRkamCati subordinate entity GgÁPaB eRkam»vaT¼ cMNuH subpoena v. & n. 1> ekaHsakSI ¬tulakar¦/ 2> dIkaekaHsakSI sub-product, forest GnupléRBeQI subrogation ])aeTskmµ/ kardak;CMnYs sub-sample KMrUtagrg subscribed capital mUlFn)ancuHeQµaH subscribing to securities briviskmµmUlb½Rt subscription kar Cav¼sMuCav/ ~ price éføCav subsectoral level kMritGnuvis½y subsidiary adj. rg/ ~ account KNnIrg/ ~ ledger esovePAFMrg subsidiary n. (company) buRtsm<½n§ ¬Rkumh‘unemkan;kab;h‘unCag 50°¦/ wholly owned ~ saxa ¬Rkumh‘unemkan;kab;h‘un TaMgGs;¦ subsidise v. pþl;]btßmÖFn/ CYybMeBjxat subsidy, subvention n. ]btßmÖFn/
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R)ak;bMeBjxat subsistence agriculture ksikmµCIvRBwtþi/ ksikmµRKan;EtmYyrs; subsistence production plitkmµCIvRBwtþi/ karplitRKan;EtmYyrs; substance sarFatu substandard eRkamsþg;dar substantial adj. dMukMPYn/ ~ funding karpþl;fvikaCadMukMPYn subtotal srubrg succeeding stage dMNak;kalCabnþ successor Gñkbnþevn sue v. bþwg sum 1> TwkR)ak; 2> plbUk summit snñisITkMBUl sundry account KNnIcMruH supervise v. Binitütamdan supervision karBinitütamdan/ GaNaBüa)al/ under financial ~ of the Ministry of Economy and Finance eRkamGaNaBüa)alhirBaØvtßúénRksYgesdækic© nighirBaØvtßú supervisor GnurkS/ GñkBinitütamdan supervisory authority GaCJaFrGaNaBüa)al supplementary crop dMNaMrYmpSM supplemental budget fvika]bsm<½n§ ¬RbtibtþikarhirBaØvtßúénGgÁPaBrdæEdlmanlkçN³ ]sSahkmµ nigBaNiC¢kmµ EtBMuEmnCanItibuKÁl¦ supplementary bEnßm/ ~ schedule tarag¼Éksar B½t’manbEnßm supplier GñkpÁt;pÁg; supply 1> sMPar³pÁt;pÁg; 2> karpÁt;pÁg;/
karpþl;/ ~ and demand karpÁt;pÁg;nigtMrUvkar/ ~ curve ExSekagkarpÁt;pÁg; support v. & n. 1> KaMRT/ RTRTg;/ ~ service esvakmµKaMRT 2> kar KaMRT¼RTRTg; supporting document ÉksarGm ¬rdæ)al¦/ skçIb½Rt ¬KNenyü¦ Supreme Council of the Magistracy ]tþmRkumRbwkSaénGgÁecARkm surcharge éføykbEnßm/ Bn§ykbEnßmelI TMnijnaMcUl ¬edIm,ICYyCMrujplitkmµkñúgRsuk¦ surety n. 1> GñkFana 2> rbs;Fana surplus Gtierk/ pl elIs¼elIstMrUvkar surtax Bn§bEnßm survey n. & v. Gegát/ ~ area tMbn;Gegát/ ~ data Tinñn½yGegát/ ~ error el¥ógGegát/ ~ operation RbtibtþikarGegát/ general ~ GegátTUeTA survivability PaBGacrs;)an/ financial ~ PaBGacrs;)anxaghirBaØvtßú survivor CnenArs; suspend v. BüÜr/ p¥ak suspense account KNnIrg;caM ¬kt;RtaCa beNþaHGasnñnUvTwkR)ak;EdlKNenyükrmin Tan;dwgfa RtUvkt;cUlKNnIc,as;las;NamYy¦ suspension kar BüÜr¼p¥ak sustain v. RTRTg;/ self- ~ing sV½yRTRTg;/ ~ life RTRTg;CIvit sustainability cIrPaB sustainable adj. mancIrPaB/ ~ agriculture ksikmµmancIrPaB/ ~ development karGPivDÆn_mancIrPaB
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sympathy n. smancitþ ¬CYyKaMRT>>>¦ symptom eraKsBaØ/ nimitþehtu synchronisation smkalkmµ synergy famBlelIs)anBIkarpÁúMKña ¬]> karbBa©ÚlFnFanrksuICamYyKña edIm,I)an cMeNjeRcInCagenAedayELk²BIKña¦ synthetic products plitplsMeyaK system of proportional representationRbB½n§smamaRt ¬e)aHeqñat¦ systematic CaRbB½n§/ CayfaRkm/ ~ factor ktþaCaRbB½n§/ ~ land registration karcuHbBa¢I dIFøICaRbB½n§/ ~-risk phenomenon )atuPUt eRKaHfñak;manlkçN³CaRbB½n§/ ~ sampling karykKMrUtagCaRbB½n§ systematise RbB½n§nIykmµ T, t table tarag tabulation karelIkCatarag take into account ykmkKit/ rab;bBa©Úl take stock v. eFVIsareBIP½NÐ take up references v. RbmUlBt’man take v. legal action against bþwgtam pøÚvtulakarcMeBaH/ GnuvtþviFanc,ab;cMeBaH take-home pay R)ak;cMNUleRkaykat;Bn§/ ebovtSr_suT§ takeover karcUlRtYtRta ¬edayTijykCag 50°énPaKh‘unrbs;Rkumh‘un¦/ take over v. takings n. R)ak;TTYl)an ¬BIkarlk;kñúg ry³eBlNamYy¦
tangible assets RTBüskmµrUbI/ RTBürUbI target cMNucedA/ eKaledA/ Epnkar/ sales targets Epnkarlk; ¬tYelx¦ ~ group RkumeKaledA/ ~ market TIpSareKaledA tariff 1> bBa¢Iéfølk; 2> taragBn§Ky/ Bn§naMcUl task Parkic©/ ~ -oriented epþatelIParkic©/ ~ force Rkumkargar taste cMNUlcitþ tax Bn§/ Bn§dar/ back ~ bMNulBn§BIqñaMmun²/ emergency ~ Bn§visamBaØ/ ~ accounting KNenyüBn§dar/ ~ avoidance karecosvagBn§ ¬edayc,ab;mancenøaHRbehag¦/ ~ assessor Pñak;garkMNt;Bn§/ ~ base mUldæanykBn§/ ~ burden bnÞúkBn§/ ~ collection karRbmUlBn§/ ~ credit \NTanBn§/ ~ collector GñkRbmUl Bn§/ ~ evasion kareKcBn§ ¬elµIsc,ab;nigRtUv maneTasT½NЦ/ ~ exempt EdlelIkElgBn§/ ~ exemption karelIkElgBn§/ ~ holiday ry³eBlrYcBn§/ vismBn§/ ~ loophole cenøaH RbehagénBn§/ ~ moments »kashUtBn§/ ~ on profit Bn§elIR)ak;cMeNj/ ~ payment year qñaMbg;Bn§/ ~ rate GRtaBn§/ ~ rebate karbnßy Bn§/ ~ receipts/revenues cMNUlBn§/ ~ relief karbn§ÚrbnßyBn§/ ~ reduction karkat;bnßyBn§/ ~ revenues efforts or ~ effort kMlaMgcMNUl Bn§dar/ ~ treatment cMNat;kar¼RbRBwtþikmµ Bn§/ ~/taxation year qñaMCab;Bn§ tax v. hUtBn§/ ykBn§ taxable adj. 1> Cab;Bn§/ ~ income cMNUl Cab;Bn§ 2> EdlGachUtBn§)an taxpayer GñkCab;Bn§ technical assistance CMnYybec©keTs
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technical fix dMeNaHRsay¼Rckecj bec©keTs telegraphic address GasydæanTUrKmn_ telegraphic transfer karepÞrR)ak;edayTUrKmn_ telex TUrBum< teller ebLakr temporary beNþaHGasnñ/ ~ cover b½NÑFana r:ab;rgbeNþaHGasnñ/ ~ unemployment nikmµkalik tenancy n. 1> ry³eBlCYl ¬GclnRTBü¦ 2> siT§ikan;kab; ¬GclnRTBüCYl¦ tenant GñkCYl ¬dI/pÞH>>>¦/ Ptik³/ ~ farmer ksikrCYldIeK tendency ninñakar/ rising ~ ninñakarekIneLIg tender karedjéfø ¬edIm,IeFVIkarpÁt;pÁg;¦ tender terms and conditions book esovePAbnÞúk ¬sMrab;edjéfø¦ tenderer Gñkedjéfø tendering karedjéfø ¬edaymandak;Éksar tMél):an;sµanlMGit¦ tenure 1> ry³eBlkan;kab;tMENg/ GaNtþi 2> siT§ikan;kab;tMENg¼RTBüsm,tþi 3> karkan;kab; ¬dI/ pÞH¦ tenurial right siT§ikan;kab; ¬dI/ pÞH¦ term GaNtþi/ry³eBl/ long ~ ry³eBlEvg/ TIXkal/ medium ~ ry³eBlmFüm/ short ~ ry³eBlxøI/ GcIrkal/~ in/of officeGaNtþi term-deposit account KNnIbeBaØIman kalkMNt; terminal contract kic©snüamankalkMNt; termination karbBa©b; ¬kargar¦/ karbBaÄb;
¬GaCIvkmµ¦ terms lkçxNÐ/ easy ~ lkçxNÐFUrRsal/ ~ and conditions of a contract xøwmsar niglkçxNÐénkic©snüa/ ~ of a contract lkçxNÐénkic©snüa/ ~ of payment lkçxNÐ TUTat;/ ~ of reference lkçxNÐeyag ¬sMrab; epÞógpÞat;¦/ lkçxNÐkargar ¬kic©snüakargar¦/ ~ of sale lkçxNÐlk; territorial integrity bUrNPaBEdndI tertiary education ]tþmsikSa test n. & v. 1> etsþ 2> eFVIetsþ test the market v. sÞabsÞg;TIpSar testament mrtksasn_ testimonial sMbuRtKaMRT ¬eGaycUleFVIkar¦ textile vaynPNÐ/ ~ industry ]sShkmµ vaynPNÐ theory RTwsþI think-tank Rkumpþl;KMnit third party PaKITIbI/ ttiyCn threshold n. kMritcab;ERbRbYl/ kaMQancUl thrift plan EpnkarsnSMsMéc tied aid CMnYymancMNg time eBl/ kal/ kalkMNt;/ ~ deposit R)ak;beBaØImankalkMNt;/ ~ dimension TidæPaBxageBlevla/ ~ draft rUbiyaNtþi mankalkMNt;/ ~ frame Rkbx½NÐeBlevla/ ~ limit for delivery kalkMNt;RbKl;TMnij/ ~ policy b½NÑsnüaFanar:ab;rgmankalkMNt;/ ~ segment kMNat;eBl/ ~ table tarageBl/ ~ value tMéltameBl/ ~ work kargarKit em:ag ¬TUTat;kMértamcMnYnem:ag/ éf¶¦
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timely return (of a cheque...) bgVilvijTan;eBl tip TwkEt ¬R)ak;[eRkA¦ title 1> cMNgeCIg 2> gar title deed b½NÑkmµsiT§i title, land b½NÑkmµsiTi§dI toll éføeRbIesva ¬]> eRbIpøÚv/ s<an ¦ tool ]bkrN_/ Rbdab;Rbdar top-down paradigm KMrUBIelImkeRkam total n. & v. srub/ grand ~ srubrYm/ subtotal srubrg track record n. RbvtþieCaKC½y-braC½y tracking kartamdanemIl trade BaNiC¢kmµ/ CMnYj/ GaCIB/ ~ agreement kic©RBmeRBogBaNiC¢kmµ/ ~ balance CBa¢IgBaNiC¢ kmµ/ ~ barriersr)aMgBaNiC¢kmµ/ ~ deficit »nPaBBaNiC¢kmµ/ ~ discount/terms karcuH éføkñúgGaCIB ¬eGayGñkRbkbrbrdUcKña¦/ ~ name eQµaHBaNiC¢kmµ/ yIeha/ ~ reference TIsMGag bBa¢ak;xagGaCIB/ ~ representation tMNag BaNiC¢kmµ/ ~ tariff taragBn§Ky trade v. pøas;bþÚrBaNiC¢kmµ/ eFVICMnYj trademark sBaØaBaNiC¢kmµ trade-off karedaHdUr ¬TMnij¦Kña trader QµÜj/ GñkCMnYj/ BaNiC¢kr trade union shCIB trading karCYjdUr/ kareFVIBaNiC¢kmµ/ ~ partner édKUBaNiC¢kmµ trading capital TunbgVil
trading losses kMhateFVIGaCIvkmµ ¬eBl R)ak;cMNUl)anticCagR)ak;cMNayecj¦
traditional CaRbéBNI/ ~ savings R)ak; snSMtamTMlab;/ ~ way of life rebobrs;enA CaRbéBNI traffic cracr/ ~ order sNþab;Fñab;cracr trainee or intern (US) kmµsikSakarI/ Gñkhat;kar training karbNþúHbNþal/ on-the-job ~ karbNþúHbNþalP¢ab;nwgkargar/ off-the-job ~ karbNþúHbNþaldac;BIkargar ¬]> enAmhaviTüal½y¦ transaction Rbtibtþikar/ kic©karCMnYj transfer v. & n. 1> epÞr 2> karepÞr/ bEgVr/ karepÞrR)ak;/ Gnub,Tan (French: cession), ~ deed lixitepÞr/ ~ payments R)ak;epÞrTUTat; ~ pricing kardak;éføedIm,IepÞrR)ak; transferable adj. GacepÞr)an/ ~ credit \NTanGacepÞr)an transferee n. Gnub,Tanik/ GñkRtUv)aneK epÞreGay transferor n. GñkepÞr ¬[eK¦ transformation (products...) karbMEbøg tranship or transship v. epÞrBIyan mYyeTAyanþmYyeTot ¬edIm,Idwkbnþ¦/ transhipment n. karepÞr transit qøgkat;/ ~ account KNnIqøgkat;/ ~ goods TMnijqøgkat;/ ~ passenger GñkdMeNIr qøgkat;/ ~ licence GaCJab½NÑsMrab;TMnijqøgkat; transitional adj. Gnþrkal/ ~ economy esdækic©Gnþrkal/ ~ measures viFankar Gnþrkal/ ~ period ry³eBlGnþrkal transmission karbBa¢Ún ¬sar¦ transnational corporation (TNC) Rkumh‘unrMlgCati
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transparency n. tMlaPaB transporter GñkdwkCBa¢Ún trauma n. rbYs ¬pøÚvkay rW pøÚvcitþ¦ travel agency TIPñak;gareTscrN_/ TIPñak;gar Kmnakar traveller’s cheque mUlb,Tanb½RteTscrN_ traveller’s letter of credit sar\NTan eTscrN_ travelling salesman Gñklk;cl½t treasurer n. hirBaØik/ rtnakr treasury rtnaKar/ ~ bill b½NÑrtnaKar ¬ry³kalxøICagmYyqñaM¦/ ~ bond b½NÑrtnaKar ¬ry³kalEvg¦ treatment n. RbRBwtþikmµ/ cMNat;kar/ karcat;Ecg treaty sn§isBaØa treble v. ekInmYyCabI trend ninñakar/ market ~ ninñakarTIpSar trial balance taragtulüPaB trickle-down effect plb:HBal;snSwm²/ plb:HBal;bnÞab;bnSM trillion, one (US) mYylanlan tripartite adj. RtIPaKI trust fund mUlniFimrtk ¬mUlniFiRKb;RKg edayRbtisiT§iCnsMrab;GtßKahk¦ trust fund facility (TFF) ]bkrN_sMrYlsMrab;mUlniFimrtk trust letter lixiteCOTukcitþ trustee (one to whom a right has been assigned by will, gift... French: ayant cause) RbtisiT§iCn trustee in bankruptcy shbdiPaK ¬Gñk
RKb;RKgkarkS½yFnEdlEtgtaMgedaytulakar¦ trustee ordinance bTbBa¢a RbtisiT§iCn ¼Gñksñgkar trusteeship PaBTTYlxusRtUv trusteeship council RkumRbwkSaPi)alRbtisiT§iCn trustworthy EdlKYreGayTukcitþ T account KNnIRbePTGkSr T tuition class karsikSabg;éfø turning point cMNucbt; ¬eBlEdlman karpøas;bþÚr¦ turnkey contract kic©snüaesakñúgéd turnover plrbr/ plGaCIvkmµ/ R)ak;cMNUl turnover rates of labour GRtaecjcUl énBlkr two-track approach viFIedaHRsayBIrpøÚv two-way eTVTis/ BIrpøÚv typical CatYy:ag U, u ultimate area unit (UAU) ÉktatMbn;cugeRkay ultimate goal eKaledAcugeRkay ultimate sampling unit (USU) ÉktaykKMrUtagcugeRkay ultimatum n. »sanvaT unaccountable adj. 1>minGacBnül;)an 2> KµanKNenyüPaB/ minTTYlxusRtUv unaccounted for adj. )at;edayKµankarBnül;
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unaided edaykMlaMgpÞal;xøÜn unaltered Edl\tpøas;bþÚr unanswered EdlKµancMelIy unascertained goods TMnijRcbUkRcbl; ¬minTan;EbgEcktamRbePT¦ unavailing efforts karRbwgERbgKµan)anpl unbalanced budget fvikaKµantulüPaB ¬man»nPaB¦ unbanked cheque mUlb,Tanb½RtminTan; dak;cUlKNnIFnaKar unbiased \tlMeGog uncalled capitalmUlFnminTan;ehA ¬[bg;¦ uncashed cheque mUlb,Tanb½RtminTan; ebIkykR)ak; unclaimed EdlBMuRtUv)anTamTar uncleared goods TMnijminTan;qøgKy uncontrollable expenses cMNayRKb; RKgmin)an uncrossed/open cheque mUlb,Tanb½Rt KµanqUt undated KµancuHéf¶Ex/ ~ bond b½NÑTTYl sÁal;bMNulKµankalkMNt; undercoverage (insurance) karFana r:ab;rgdNþþb;minsBV undercut v. lk;efakCag underdeveloped countries RbeTsGn;fy/ RbeTsGnaPivDÆn_ underemployed 1> KµankargareFVIeBj elj/ ~ capital TuneRbImin)aneBjelj 2> GñkKµankargareFVIeBjelj underlease (see sublease) CYlbnþ undermanager bNÑaFikarrg
undermentioned manerobrab;dUcxageRkam underproduction 1> karplitminRKb;tMrUvkar 2> karplitmineBjkMlaMg underrate v. vaybenßak undersell v. 1> lk;efakCag ¬KURbECg¦ 2> lk;eRkamtMél ¬edIm¦ undersigned, the GñkcuHhtßelxa ¬BIeRkam¦/ htßelxI understanding karyl;dwg/ karyl;Kña eTAvijeTAmk/ snÞidæPaB/ good ~ karyl;dwg l¥/ memorandum of ~ GnusSarN³RBmeRBog underwrite v. 1> CYyFana 2> CYyr:ab;rg underwriter GñkFana undisclosed income cMNUl\tRbkas/ cMNUllYclak; undivided profits R)ak;cMeNjminEbgEck undoubted eday\tsgS½y unearmarked fund mUlniFiKµanélTuk edayELk unearned fees kMérminTan;rk)an unemployed adj. & n. 1> Gt;kareFVI 2> GñkGt;kareFVI/ nikmµCn unemployment PaBGt;kareFVI/ nikmµPaB/ seasonal ~ nikmµPaBtamrdUv/ temporary ~ nikmµkalik/ ~ benefit R)ak;]btßmÖcMeBaH nikmµPaB/ ~ rate GRtanikmµPaB unendorsed EdlKµanbBa¢ak;xagxñg unequal wealth distribution r)ayvismFn unexpected fall karFøak;cuH\trMBwgTuk unexpended balance smtulüminTan;cMNay unexpired cost (accounting)
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tMélkñúgbBa¢I/ tMélKNenyü unfair KµansmFm’/ minyutþiFm’ unfavourable minGMeNaypl/ ~ conditions lkçxNÐminGMeNaypl unfilled order b½NÑbBa¢aTijmin)anGnuvtþ unfit for work EdleFVIkarminekIt unforeseen adj. min)anRbemIleXIj/ \tRBagTuk ¬cMNay¦ unfounded adj. KµanmUldæan unification n. karbRgYbbRgYm/ ÉkPavUbnIykmµ unified rYmEtmYy/ ~ as one rYmKñaCaFøúgmYy uniformity lkçN³ÉkPaB unify v. bRgYbbRgYm unilateral ÉketaPaKI unincorporated mincUlCaRkumh‘un unintentionally edayGectna unionisation karcUlshCIB unit 1> Ékta/ ~ of analysis ÉktaviPaK/ ~ of account ÉktaKit/ ~ price/rate éføÉkta 2> GgÁPaB united rYbrYmKña unknown (factor, quantity...) GBaØat unlawful elµIsc,ab;/ ~ means meFüa)ay elµIsc,ab; unlimited liability karTTYlxusRtUvKµankMrit unloading karerITMnij unmarketable, unmerchantable Edllk; minecj¼mindac; unpaid (cheque) ¬mUlb,Tanb½Rt¦minTUTat; unpaid balance smtulüminTan;TUTat; unpaid capital TunminTan;)anbg;
unproductive assets RTBüskmµKµan plitPaB unqualified acceptance karTTYlRBm eday\tsMéc unquestionable KµanGVIKYrq¶l; unrecorded adj. min)ankt;Rta unregistered Edlmin)ancuHbBa¢I unremunerative adj. Kµan)anpl/ KµancMeNj unrestricted random sample KMrUtagécdnüKµankMNt; unsafe adj. KµansuvtßiPaB unserviceable adj. minGaceRbIR)as;)an unsettled adj. minnwgn ¬FatuGakas¦/ min Tan;edaHRsay ¬vivaT¦/ minTan;sg ¬bMNul¦ unskilled adj. KµanCMnaj/ ~ labour BlkmµKµanCMnaj unstable adj. KµansßirPaB unstratified sampling karykKMrUtag KµanRsTab; unsuccessful adj. min)aneCaKC½y unsuitable adj. minsmRsb
untied aid CMnYy\tcMNg up and down eLIgehIycuH up to date (information) adj. Tan;eBl update v. eFVIbc©úb,nñPaB ¬kñúgÉksarxøH eFVIcrnþkar¦ upgrade v. tMelIg smtßPaB¼KuNPaB/ eFVI[RbesIr upheaval karvwkvr/ claclxøaMg upkeep (expenses) cMNayEfTaM
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upper credit tranche PaK\NTanxagelI upward tendency ninñakareLIg urbanisation nKrUbnIykmµ/ Ministry of Land Management, Urbanisation and Construction RksYgerobcMEdndI nKrUbnIykmµ nigsMNg; urgent bnÞan;/ ~ needs tMrUvkarbnÞan; useful life (accounting) GayukaleRbI R)as; ¬énRTBüskmµ¦
user costs bnÞúkcMNaycMeBaHGñkeRbIR)as; ¬kñúgkareRbIR)as;GVImYy dUcCa fñl;>>>¦ usual supplier m:UypÁt;pÁg;CaRbcaM usurer RBwT§ikr ¬GñkykkarR)ak;x<s;hYsehtu¦ usury RBwT§ikmµ ¬karykkarR)ak;x<s;hYsehtu¦ utensil Rbdab;RbdareRbIR)as;kñúgpÞH ¬BiesskñúgpÞH)ay¦ utilities karpÁt;pÁg;saFarN³ utility company Rkumh‘unpÁt;pÁg;saFarN³ ¬Rkumh‘un Twk ePøIg esvakmµsMxan;² sMrab; saFarN³Cn¦
V, v vacancy kEnøg¬eFIVkar¦TMenr vaccine fñaMbgáar validate v. pþl;suBlPaB/ bBa¢ak;faBit validity suBlPaB/ PaBmantMél/ ry³kal mantMél valorem (see ad valorem) valuable goods TMnijmantMél
valuables n. vtßúmantMél valuation ekaslvic½y/ karkMNt;tMél value added (VA) tMélbEnßm value added tax (VAT) GakrelItMél bEnßm ¬Gtb¦ value date éf¶KitkarR)ak; value n. & v. 1> tMél 2> vaytMél value, declared tMél)an Rbkas¼ raykarN_¼RbtievTn_ variable n. & adj. 1> Gefr 2> ERbRbYl variance (statistics) v:arIy:g; variation bMErbMrYl/ karERbRbYl vault cash sac;R)ak;kñúgXøaMg vehicle yan/ motor ~ yanynþ velocity of circulation el,Ón ¬én¦ cracr velocity of money el,ÓncracrrUbiyvtßú vendee GñkTij vendor Gñklk; verbal (widely used in error for “oral”) pÞal;mat;/ ~ agreement kic©RBmeRBog pÞal;mat;/ ~ warning karRBmanpÞal;mat; verbally (used in error for “orally”) edaypÞal;mat; vertical bBaÄr/ ~ programme kmµviFIbBaÄr ~ communication karR)aRs½yTak;Tgtam ExSbBaÄr/ ~ integration smahrNkmµbBaÄr ¬Rkumh‘un¦/ vested interest plRbeyaCn_cak;b£s veteran (soldier) GtItyuT§Cn viability PaBGacrs;)an vibration rMj½r
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vicious circle n. GnÞak;vilvg; ¬Gt;Rckecj¦ vicious cycle n. GnÞak;Cavdþ video vIedGU video CD suIDI vIedGU view TsSn³/ karyl;eXIj village development committee
(VDC) KN³kmµkarGPivDÆn_PUmi violate v. rMelaP ¬c,ab;>>>¦ violence higSa/ GMeBIhigSa virtue KuNFm’ visible adj. ¬Gac¦emIleXIj/ ~ trade BaNiC¢kmµrUbI vision ckçúvis½y visual control karRtYtBinitüedayeRbIEPñk vocation ]bnisS½y/ to have a ~ for man]bnisS½ykñúgkar>>> vocational training karbNþúHbNþal viC¢aCIIv³/ ~ center mCÄmNÐlbNþúHbNþal viC¢aCIv³¼]bnisS½y void adj. emaX³/ null and ~ emaX³ volume of exports (or imports) brimaNTMnijnaMecj ¬rWnaMcUl¦ voluntary adj. edaysµ½RKcitþ/ ~ restriction/limitation kardak;kMrit¼kMhit edaysµ½RKcitþ vote kare)aHeqñat/ ~ of confidence kar e)aHeqñatTukcitþ/ kare)aHeqñatsMEdgkarTukcitþ vote-counting station kariyal½yrab;snøwkeqñat voter registration station kariyal½y cuHeQµaHGñke)aHeqñat voting right siT§ie)aHeqñat
voucher sMeNA/ b½NÑtMNagR)ak;/ b½NÑcMMnay vulnerability PaBgayrgeRKaH W, w wage ebovtSr_/ R)ak;kMér/ R)ak;QñÜl/ ~ rise (US: raise) eLIgebovtSr_/ ~ and price controls karRtYtBinitüebovtSr_nigéfø/ ~ earner GñkeFVIkarykebovtSr_/ Ptikar/ ~ freeze karbgákebovtSr_ ¬mineGaycuHeLIg¦/ ~ indexation kardak;snÞsSn_ebovtSr_ ¬pSarP¢ab;nwgGRtakMeNIncMNayRTRTg;CIvPaB¦/ ~ scale taragkaMebovtSr_/ ~ work kargarsuIR)ak;kMér waive v. lHbg;siT§i ¬]> edIm,IeFVIkartva:¦/ ~ tax eGayrYcBn§ waiver n. 1> karlHbg;siT§i/ karelIkElg 2> Éksar lHbg;siT§i¼elIkElg warehouse XøaMg/ PNÐaKar warehouseman qµaMXøaMg warehousing karTukdak;TMnijkñúgXøaMg warning karRBman/ kardas;etOn warrant 1> dIka 2> b½NÑGnuBaØat/ ~ of attorney lixitepÞrsiT§i warrantee GñkTTYl)ankarFana warrantor GñkFana warranty karFana war-risk insurance karFanar:ab;rg haniP½ybgáedays®gÁam wastage karx¢Hx¢ay
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waste kaksMNl;/ liquid ~ kaksMNl;rav/ solid ~ kaksMNl;rwg watershed TICMral waterways pøÚvTwk weak market pSarexSay ¬minsUvmanGñkTij¦ wear and tear karswkric weighted average mFümPaKsmta welfare state rdæmanKitKUreRcInxagsgÁmkic©/ suxevTn_RbeTs well GNþÚg/ drilled ~ GNþÚgxYg/ ring ~ GNþÚgdak;lU wetlands dIesIm ¬dITMnabmanTwkdk;edayGenøI¦ white book esovePAs white-collar worker nieyaCit/ buKÁlik kariyal½y whole TaMgmUl/ TaMgGs; wholesale karlk;dMu/ ~ price éfølk;dMu/ ~ trade BaNiC¢kmµlk;dMu wholesaler Gñklk;dMu wildlife stVéRB/ ~ sanctuary EdnCMrkstVéRB will 1> qnÞ³ 2> mrtksasn_ wilful damage karxUcxatbgáeLIgeday ectna windfall profit cMeNjPøam²\trMBwgTuk winding up 1> karrMlay ¬Rkumh‘un¦ 2> karCMrHbBa¢I winner GñkQñH/ C½ylaPI withdraw v. dk/ dkxøÜn/ ~ an order lubecalkarbBa¢aTij/ ~ money dkR)ak; ¬BIKNnI¦ withholding tax Bn§kat;Tuk/ ~ payable Bn§kat;TukRtUvbg;
work kargar/ GVIEdleFVI)an/ sñaéd/ ~ in progress (WIP) kMBugplit ¬RTBükMBug plit KWtMéleFVI)anenAcugRKa¦ work out v. KNna work v. eFVIkar/ ~ full time eFVIkareBj em:ag/ ~ overtime eFVIkarem:agbEnßm/ ~ part time eFVIkarmineBjem:ag work, art sñaédsil,³ worker 1> Blkr 2> kmµkr workforce kMlaMgBlkmµ ¬BlkrTMagGs; kñúgkariyal½y rW eragcRk¦ working capital TunbgVil/ Tuncl½t working condition lkçxNÐkargar working day éf¶eFVIkar working group Rkumkargar working paper ÉksarBiPakSa ¬r)aykarN_sikSaRsavRCavBIerOgGVImYy¦ workman kmµkr work-related illness CMgWbNþalBIkargar workshop 1> eragCag/ 2> sikçasala/ vKÁGnuvtþ writ dIkabgÁab; ¬tulakar¦ write down v. kt;RtabBaú©HtMélRTBüskmµ ¬kñúgbBa¢IKNenyü¦ write v. off a debt lubbMNul ¬ecjBIbBa¢I¦ write-back (of provisions...) karykvijnUv ¬sMviFanFn>>> kñúgKNenyü¦ written, in writing CalaylkçN_GkSr
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Y, y yardstick xñat year (fiscal, financial...) qñaM/ kariybriecäT ¬sareBIBn§/ hirBaØvtßú>>>¦ year on year qñaMelIqñaM/ BImYyqñaMeTAmYyqñaM/ ~ change bMErbMrYlqñaMelIqñaM ¬bMErbMrYleFob nwgeBldUcKñaénqñaMmun¦ yield Tinñpl young people RbCaCnv½yekµg/ RsTab;yuvv½y Z, z zero population growth (ZPG) kMeNInRbCaCnkMritsUnü zone tMbn;/ hSÚn/ core ~ tMbn;sñÚl/ buffer ~ tMbn;RTnab;/ inter ~ GnþrtMbn; zoning karEbgEcktMbn;
PaKTI 1 Gg;eKøs-Exµr
Part One: English–Khmer
PaKTI 2 Exµr-Gg;eKøs
Part Two: Khmer – English
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k kk/ bgák freeze, bgákebovtSr_ ¬min[cuHeLIg¦ wage freeze
kkkuj/ PaB bottleneck
kk; v. deposit
kk;/ R)ak; n. deposit, ~ mun advance deposit kekIt/ kar inception
kgVl; n. concern
kgVH n. lack, ~ tulüPaB lack of balance,
~ TMnukcitþ lack of confidence
kgVH n. shortage, ~ TMgn; shortage in weight kgVH ¬]> fvika¦ shortfall
kgVHxat n. shortcoming ( characteristics/ quality of sth or s.o)
kBa©b;fvika package budget
kBa©b;ebovtSr_ ¬ebovtSr_ nigR)ak;]btßmÖepSg² sMrab;kargarGVImYy¦ pay/salary package
kBa©b;ExSTsSnkic© package tour kBa©úM cluster, smasFaturYmCa ~ cluster of elements kNþal adj. central, FnaKar ~ central bank kt;Rta n. record
kt;Rta/ Edlmin)an unrecorded
kt;Rtaxag\NTan v. credit
kt;Rtaxag\NBn§ v. debit
kt;RtabBaú©HtMélRTBüskmµ ¬kñúgbBa¢IKNenyü¦
v. write down
kt;sMKal;/ KYr[ noticeable, karERbRbYl ~ noticeable change ktikasBaØa ¬kic©RBmeRBogCapøÚvkar¦ pact
ktþa factor
ktþacMNUlbzm primary factor income
ktþaeFVIeGaymansßirPaBCasV½yRbvtþi built-in stabilisers ktþabMElgsþg;dar standard-conversion factor (SCF)
ktþaplTunbreTssuT§ net foreign factor income (NFFI) ktþaplitkmµbzm primary factor of production ktþarUbvnþ physical factor
ktþþatMél factor cost, ~ bzm primary factor cost k®nþkTMnijeRbIR)as; consumer basket
kEnøg place
kEnøg ¬eFVIkar¦ TMenr vacancy
kEnøglk;ecj outlet
kmµkr worker, workman
kmµkrkMBg;Ep docker, stevedore
kmµnþsal manufacture, TMnij ~ manufactured goods kmµnþsalkmµ manufacturing
kmµvtßú n. objective
kmµviFICMnYybreTs foreign-aid programme
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kmµviFIneya)ay ¬rbs;KNbkS¦ political platform, platform
kmµviFIbBaÄb;BlkredaykgVHkargar redundancy programme
kmµviFIskmµPaB programme of action
kmµviFI\NTanpÞal; direct-lending schemes
kmµvi)ak ¬m> TNÐkmµ¦ sanction
kmµvis½yPaB objectivity
kmµsikSakarI trainee or intern (US)
kmµsiTæi ownership
kmµsiT§i/ kar)anmkCa acquisition
kmµsiT§ikr rW m©as; owner, proprietor (of a house, business...)
kmµsiT§iKµankalkMNt; freehold property
kmµsiT§idIFøI land ownership
kmµsiT§ibBaØa intellectual property
kmµsiT§iRsbc,ab; legal ownership
krNIKµanlT§PaBsg event of default
krNIbnÞan;/ kñúg in case of emergency
krNIyutþisaRsþ n. ¬tulakar¦ precedent
ksag/ CalkçN³ constructive, karTieton ~ constructive criticism
ksageKalneya)ay/ kar policy formulation ksagCasßab½n v. institutionalise
ksag¼eFVI BiesssMrab;GtifiCnNamñak; custom-built/made
ksikmµ agriculture, RksYg ~ rukçaRbmaj;
nigensaT Ministry of Agriculture Forestry and Fisheries ksikmµRKan;EtmYyrs; ¬m> CIvRBwtþi/ ksikmµ¦ subsistence agriculture
ksidæan farm, brikçar ~ farm equipment
ksipl rW plitplksikmµ agricultural product ksi-BaNiC¢kmµ agribusiness
ksi-]sSahkmµ agro-industry
kaksMNl; waste, ~ rav liquid waste, ~ rwg solid waste katBVkic© obligation, man ~ to have the
obligation, Ca ~ obligatory
katBVkic©/ Ca compulsory, karRtYtBinitü ~ compulsory inspection kat;kg v. deduct
kat;kgecj/ Gac adj. deductible, ~ BIcMnUl Cab;Bn§ tax deductible
kat;Kña v. intersect (graph lines)
kat;ecj ¬CakarBin½y¦ forfeit
kat;éfømin)an adj. invaluable
kat;bnßy/ kar reduction, curtailment,
~ fvika budget reduction, ~ PaBRkIRk poverty reduction
kat;bnßycMnay/ kar expense reduction, retrenchment kat;sg/ Bn§Ky duty drawback
katalIkr catalyst, tYnaTICa ~ catalyst role
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kataLúk ¬esovePA¦ catalogue
kan;/ Gñk holder, ~ mUlb,Tanb½Rt holder of a cheque kan;kab;/ kar possession kan;kab;/ kar ¬]> cUleTArs;enAelIdILÚt_¦ occupation
kan;kab;CakarepJITuk hold in trust
kan;kab;dI/ kar land tenure
kan;kab;tMENg/ ry³eBl tenure
kan;kab;RtwmRtUv/ Gñk holder in due course
kan;kab;EfTaM/ Gñk caretaker (of a motor vehicle) kan;kab;bBa¢IKNenyü v. maintain accounting book kan;criya v. behave
kan;bBa¢I/ Gñk bookkeeper
kan;Baküsnüa v. abide by a promise
kab;eQI/ kar logging, ~ xusc,ab; illegal logging kayvikar gesture
kargar work
kargar ¬eTogTat;manR)ak;kMér¦ employment
kargar/ eQµaH job title
kargarkñúgkariyal½y office job, white-collar job
kargarRkdassñam paperwork
kargarKitem:ag ¬TUTat;kMértamcMnYn em:ag/ éf¶¦
time work
kargareCIgsar brokerage
kargareRbIxYrk,al ¬EdlRtUvriHKit¦ mental job
kargareBjem:ag full-time work
kargarmineBjem:ag part-time work
kargarl¥itel¥ac odd job
karedaHRsay resolution, ~ TMnas; conflict resolution karEtl cartel
karbdiesFc,ab;rdæ civil disobedience
karR)ak; interest, ~ smas compound
interest, ~ x<s;¼Tab high/low interest,
~ samBaØ simple interest, kalKit ~
interest period, GRta ~ interest rate karR)ak;)anKitbEnßm accrued interest
karR)ak;mkTl;bc©úb,nñ interest to date
karR)ak;minTan;sg back interest
karR)ak;viC¢man positive interest (interest rate higher than inflation rate) karR)ak;GviC¢man ¬GRtakarR)ak;TabCagGRta GtiprNa¦ negative interest karBar/ kic©¼kar- protection, ~ brisßan environment protection karBarkarxatbg; ¬EdlRtUv)an¦ hedged
karsikSakrNI ¬b¤krNIsikSa¦ case study
kariybriecäT financial year
kariybriecäT ¬sareBIBn§/ hirBaØvtßú>>>¦ year
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(fiscal, financial...) kariyaFibetyü bureaucracy, red tape, officialdom
kariyal½y bureau, ~ kargar employment
bureau GñkeFVIkar ~ bureaucrat
kariyal½yKNenyü accounting office
kariyal½ycuHeQµaHGñke)aHeqñat voter registration station kariyal½ytMNagRbcaMRbeTs country-representative office
kariyal½yFM head office
kariyal½ye)aHeqñat polling station
kariyal½ybþÚrR)ak; exchange office
kariyal½ypþl;B½t’manBIkitþinam ¬énshRKas>>>¦credit bureau
kariyal½yrkkargareGayeFIV employment agency kariyal½yrab;snøwkeqñat vote-counting station kariyaelxanukar ¬m> kariyal½y/ GñkeFVIkar¦ bureaucrat kal kMNt;¼bBaØtþi specified period
kalkMNt; deadline
kalkMNt; time, rUbiyaNtþiman ~ time draft
kalkMNt;RbKl;TMnij time limit for delivery
kalbriecäT date
kalbriecäTGnaKt/ cuH v. post-date
kalvsan maturity
kalviPaK schedule/timetable
kalviPaKfµI/ eFVI reschedule (loan)
kalaTikrN_sniTanIy_ ¬m> rMMBwgsmehtupl/kar¦
kalanuvtþiPaB opportunity
kalikb½Rt ¬TsSnavdþI/ RBwtþib½Rt>>>¦ periodical
kic©karCMnYj transaction
kic©RBmeRBogepÞrkic©snüa ¬[PaKITI3¦ novation kic©RBmeRBogTUeTAsþIBItaragBn§Ky nigBaNiC¢kmµ ¬hÁat;¦ GATT (General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade) kic©snüa contract, ~ lk;¼kargar contract of
sale/work, buKÁlikrdæCab; ~ contract public
employee, Cab;¼eRkam ~ adj. under
contract, cuH ~ v. contract, GñkcuHkic©snüa contractor kic©snüa/ c,ab;én law of contract
kic©snüaCalaylkçN_GkSr deed
kic©snüaCYlTijpþac; ¬rW kic©snüaTijbNþak;¦ hire-purchase agreement kic©snüaTij-lk; bargain and sale
kic©snüabnþ/ cuH subcontract, Gñk ~ subcontractor kic©snüaEbgEckplitkmµ production-sharing contract (PSC) kic©snüamankalkMNt; terminal contract
kic©snüalk; ¬TMnij¦ sale contract
kic©snüashRbtibtþikarBaNiC¢kmµ business
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cooperation contract (BCC)
kic©snüaesva service contract
kic©snüaesarkñúgéd turnkey contract
kitþinam reputation, credibility
kitþisBÞ good reputation
kitüanuPaB prestige
kinRsUv/ kar paddy husking
kiriyamayaT conduct
kugtWn½r container
kugsg;s‘us consensus
kugs½rsüÚm consortium
kugsuI ¬bBa©aM¦ pawnbroker
kub,kmµ n. riot, eFVI ~ v. riot
kumµúynisþ communist
kulalPaCn_ ceramics, plitpl ~ ceramic product kusl merit , good deed
kuslkic© good deed, charity
kUd/ elxkUd code, kardak;elx ~ coding, kar bkRsay ~ ¬ERbCaPasaFmµtavij¦ decoding
kUdkmµ strike
kUta quota, karkMNt; ~ fixing of quotas
kUtanaMcUl import quota
kUnbMNulGuIb:UEtk mortgagor/ mortgager
kUnesovePApSBVpSay brochure
kUr:um quorum
ekItdMNalKña/ kar ¬RBwtþikarN_¦ concurrence
ekItman/ kar incidence
ekIn v. increase, rise ekInCadMNak;²/ Edl incremental
ekInmYyCabI v. treble
ekInmYyCaBIr v. double
ekIneLIg v. gain
ekogKr v. lobby
ekobsgát; v. exert pressure
ekgRbv½Ba©/ kar embezzlement
ekgRbv½Ba©RTBüsm,tþisaFarN³/ kar misappropriation of public funds ekNÐRbmUl v. mobilise
ekNÐRbmUlR)ak;snSMÉkCn/ kar mobilisation of private savings ekrþ×eQµaH reputation
ekrþ×eQµaHCMnYj n. goodwill
ekrþ×mrtk heritage, patrimony
ekrþ×xagRsI dowry
Ek/ kar ¬Bakü¼elx¼bBa¢IKNenyü>>>edaykar ekaslub rW karsresrRtYt>>>¦ alteration
Ekécñ/ kar ¬plitpl¦ processing, viBaØabnb½Rt bBa¢ak;BIkEnøgEkécñ certificate of processing
EkécññeLIgvij/ kar recycling
EktMrUv v. adjust, KNnI ~ adjustment
account, ktþa ~ adjustment factor (AF),
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tMél ~ adjustment value, elxna ~ adjusting entries (accounting)
EktMrUv/ kar rectification
EkTMrg; v. reform
EkERbdIFøIeLIgvij/ kar land restructuring
EklMG/ kar improvement
EksMrYl adj. revised, Epnkar ~ revised plan
ekaslvic½y expertise, valuation
ekasikasnþiPaBeGaypSarP©ab;Kñal¥/ BRgwg strengthen the fabric of peace kMcIKµankalkMNt; ¬eBlTarRtUvsg¦ demandloan
kMcIKµanvtßúFana fiduciary loan
kMcI¼R)ak;kMcI loan, ~ pøas;pÞHfµI bridging loan,
~ karR)ak;Tab soft loan, ~ KµankarFana unsecured loan, ~ KµankalkMNt; loan at
call (pay back when required), ~ )anebIk pþl; loan disbursed
kMcIEdlm©as;bMNulGacTarykvij)anPøam money at call kMcIenACMBak; outstanding loan
kMcIpÞal;xøÜn personal loan
kMcIBi)akTar non-performing loan
kMcImankarR)ak;efreTArksuI/ kareRbI leverage
kMcImankarR)ak;Tab/ kMcIKµankarR)ak; soft loan
kMcImanrbs;bBa©aM collateral loan
kMcIsMrab;sg;¼TijpÞH housing loans
kMNt; v. determine, fix, specify
kMNt;/ naéf¶Edl)an on appointed days
kMNt;kUta/ kar fixing of quotas
kMNt;Rta n. record
kMNt;éfø¼éføkMNt; CarUbiyvtßúkñúgRsuk v. & n. quote in local currency
kMNt;TUeTA general points (in text of law)
kMNt;RbePTTMnij/ kar categorisation of goods kMNt;Bn§/ Gñk assessor of taxes
kMNt;RBMRbTl;/ kar demarcation (boundary)
kMNt;sMKal; note
kMNt;sMGag ¬Fanar:ab;rg¦ cover note (insurance) kMNay n. excavation
kMeNIt/ GRta birth rate
kMeNIn growth, increase, rise, gain,
GRta ~ growth rate
kMeNInkartantwg ¬TMnas;¦ escalation
kMeNIntamfñak;/ GRtaBn§ progessive tax rate
kMeNInRbCaCnkMritsUnü zero population growth (ZPG) kMENtMrUv adjustment
kMENtMrUvrcnasm<½n§ structural adjustment, kMcIsMrab; ~ structural adjustment loan
kMENTMrg; n. reform, ~ dIFøI land reform,
~ RbB½n§yutþiFm’ judicial reform, ~ Bn§dar
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fiscal reform, ~ vis½yensaT nigClpl fisheries reform
kMENERb modification
kMBg;EppÞúkTMnij port of loading/shipment
kMBg;EpBaNiC¢kmµ commercial port
kMBg;EpsmuRT seaport
kMBugcab;kMeNIt nascent, esdækic© ~ nascenteconomy
kMBugdMeNIrkar/ skmµPaB ongoing activity
kMBugplit ¬xÞg;KNnIsMrab;kt;RtaRTBükMBug plit¦ work in progress (WIP)
kMBüÚT½rFuntUc minicomputer
kMr/ PaB scarcity
kMrgr)aykarN_ series of reports kMrit level, dose, margin, eRcIn ~ multi-
level, ~ eGayx©IR)ak; margin of lending,
~ R)ak;cMeNj margin of profit, ~ suvtßiPaB
safety margin, ~ GPivDÆn_ level of development kMriteKal benchmark
kMritcab;ERbRbYl ¬m> kaMQancUl¦ threshold
kMritCIvPaB standard of living, living standard kMritCMnaj qualification
kMritTMenarénkareRbIR)as;bEnßm marginal propensity to consume kMritTMenarénkarsnSMbEnßm marginal
kMritRBMEdn/ dak; v. limit, kar ~ limitation
kMritmUldæan local/grassroots level
kMritmUldæanénkareRbIR)as; base level of consumption
kMrityl;dwg level of understanding, cognitive level kMritel¥óg margin of error
kMér earnings, ~ rk)an earned fees
kMér fee, ~ GaCJab½NÑ licence fee
kMéreCIgsar brokerage
kMéreCIgsarFanakarTUTat; del credere commission kMérykelIs ¬elIskMritsmrmü¦ overcharge
kMéresva service fees
kMéreCIgsar commission, karlk;yk ~ commission sale
kMéreCIgsar/ yk v. charge a commission
kMlaMg force, power, ~ TIpSar market forces kMlaMgpÞal;xøÜn/ eday adj. unaided
kMlaMgBlkmµ labour force, workforce, force
kMlaMgrujRcan momentum
kMsanþ ¬esva¦ recreation (service)
kMsanþ/ kar entertainment, mNÐl ~ entertainment centre
kMhat loss, ~ Cak;Esþgsrub actual total
loss, ~ srubsuT§ absolute total loss
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kMhateFVIGaCIvkmµ ¬eBlR)ak;cMNUl)anticCag R)ak;cMNayecj¦ trading losses kMhab;énsarFatu/ kMrit concentration level of a substance kMhit n. constraint
kMhit/ kardak;kMhit restriction,~ én\NTan credit restrictions
kMhit/ dak; v. restrict, ~ elI\NTan restrict credit kMhusqÁg malpractice
kaMQancUl n. threshold
ekaHsakSI v. ¬tulakar¦ subpoena
kñúgtMENg in post
kñúgrgVg;kBa©úM intra-cluster
kñúgRsuk domestic, RTBüskmµ ~ domestic
assets (bank), \NTan ~ domestic
credit, tMrUvkar¼karpÁt;pÁg; ~ domestic demand/supply kñúgRsuk ¬m> mUldæan¦ local
k,ac; n. ¬]bkrN_buraNsMrab;Kitelx¦ abacus
k,aldI ¬m> dILÚt_¦ plot
k,alma:sIunkMeNInesdækic© engine of economic growth RkdasR)ak; ¬luyRkdas¦ bank note, paper money RkdaseBIelo flimsy paper
RkdassñamBaNiC¢kmµ commercial paper
RkNat; cloth, material
Rkb frame
Rkbx½NÐ cadre, ~ m®nþIraCkar public cadre, ~
Pñak;garrdæ)al cadre of administrative agent
Rkbx½NÐ framework, frame, ~ c,ab; legal
framework, ~ eBlevla timeframe
Rkm code, ~ BaNiC¢kmµ commercial code
RkmsIlFm’ code of conduct/ethics
RkLabBa¢I court clerks
RkeLkemIleTAGtItkal/ kar retrospection
RkahVik graphic
RkIRk/ PaB poverty, karkat;bnßy ~ poverty
reduction, bnÞat;RkIRk ~ poverty line
Rkwtü decree
Rkumkargar working group, task force
RkumKMrUtag sample group
RkumRbwkSaRKb;RKg board of management
RkumRbwkSaFmµnuBaØ Constitutional Council
RkumRbwkSaPi)al board of directors
RkumRbwkSaPi)alRbtisiT§iCn trusteeship council RkumRbwkSavin½y ¬GñksMercdak;vin½yelIbuKÁlik¦ disciplinary council RkumRbwkSavinieyaK board of investment (BOI) RkumRbwkSasnþisux Security Council (UN)
Rkumpþl;KMnit think-tank
RkumBhuCMnaj multi-disciplinary team
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Rkumh‘un company, ~ Gnamik joint stock
company, ~ BaNiC¢kmµ trading company,
~ buRtsm<½næ affiliated or associated
company, ~ TTYlxusRtUvmanx½NÐsIma limited liability company, ~ TTYlxus RtUvKµankMNt; unlimited company, ~ saxasubsidiary company Rkumh‘un ¬CanItibuKÁleBjelj¦ incorporated company Rkumh‘un/ cUlCa incorporated
Rkumh‘un/ c,ab; companies act
Rkumh‘uncUlpSarh‘un ¬KWmansnøwkh‘unlk;-Tij enApSarh‘un¦ listed/quoted company
Rkumh‘unTTYlxusRtUvmankMrit limited liability company Rkumh‘unFanar:ab;rgedIm principal insurance company Rkumh‘unbiTCit ¬Gñkkan;kab;PaKh‘unmanticnak; Nas;¦ close company
Rkumh‘unbuRtsm<½n§ ¬Rkumh‘unemkþab;PaKh‘unticCag 50°¦ affiliated/associated company
Rkumh‘unpÁt;pÁg;saFarN³ ¬Twk/ ePøIg>>>¦ utilitycompany Rkumh‘unBhuplitpl conglomerate
Rkumh‘unPaKh‘un public company or public limited company (PLC) Rkumh‘unem parent company
Rkumh‘unrYmPaKh‘un joint-stock company
Rkumh‘unrMlgCati transnational corporation (TNC) Rkumh‘unsikSaKMeragbøg; architectural company
Rkumh‘unhUlDij holding company
Rkumh‘unnavacr shipping company
Rkumh‘unGnamik ¬m> saCIvkmµ¦ RkumGayu age group
RkumGñkmanKMnitdUcKña like-minded groups
eRkam/ xag downstream, plitpl ~ rW plitplcugExS downstrem product
eRkam»vaT/ GgÁPaB subordinate entity
eRkamsþg;dar sub-standard
eRkay/ Ca post, svnkmµ ~ post auditing
eRkay/ tam following, qñaMeRkay rW qñaMbnÞab; following/next year eRkA/ ktþaxag rW plb:HBal;mkBIeRkA externalities eRkAksidæan/ kargar off-farm employment
eRkARbB½n§ ¬rW eRkApøÚvkar¦/ vis½yesdækic© informal sector køasuik/ TsSn³Ebb classical view
køib club, ~ ]sSahkmµtMbn; regional industry club
Ekøg/ kar forgery
Ekøgkøay false
kS½yFn/ PaB bankruptcy, karrYcputBI ~ discharge in bankruptcy
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ekSRtviTU agronomist
ekSRtsaRsþ rW ekSRtviTüa agronomy
x x ¬xTI1/ xTI2>>> ¦ clause
xkxan fail, xkxanmin)anTak;Tg fail to contact xkxan ¬min)aneFVI¦/ kar omission
xn§b,maNrUbiyvtßú ¬m> rUbiyvtßúTaMgGs;¦ monetary aggregate
xn§b,aT aggregation
xageRkA exogenous, ktþaGviC¢man ~ negative exogenous factors xatbg;/ kar loss
xatbg;srub/ kar total loss, dead loss,
~ Cak;Esþg actual total loss
xanmin)an¼katBVkic© adj. compulsory, mandatory xitþb½NÑ ¬b½NÑeXasnapSBVpSayEckeGay pÞal;éd¦ hand bill
xuTÞkal½y cabinet, ~ KN³rdæm®nþI political cabinet xusc,ab; illegal, kic©snüa ~ illegal contract
xusc,ab; illicit, Rsa ~ illicit alcohol
xUcxat/ kar damage
xUcxatedaysarTwksmuRT/ Edl sea-damaged
xUcxatbgáeLIgedayectna/ kar wilful
damage xUcxat/ ¬R)ak;¦ sMNgcMeBaHkar damages
xUcKuNPaB/ kar ¬rbs;hUb¦ spoilage
xUcRbeyaCn_/ kar detriment
xUcRbeyaCn_/ EdleFVIeGay detrimental
xYb¼CMu¼vdþ cycle
xMRbwgxñHExñg/ kic© endeavour
x©I/ sMux©I v. borrow, karx©Ibul borrowings,
Gñk ~ borrower
x¢Ix¢a sloppy, kargar ~ sloppy work
x¢Hx¢ay/ kar wastage
ex©aH/ flaw, defect Edlman ~ flawed, defective, faulty
xÞg; item, ~ eRkAtaragtulükar off-balance sheet items xÞg;/ xÞg;bBaÄr ¬tarag¦ column
xÞg; ¬taragtulükar¦ heading
xñgTl;xñg back to back, \NTan ~ back to back credit xñat ¬]> EpnTI¦ scale
xñat ¬sMrab;vas;Evg¦ yardstick
xñattUc small-scale
xñatmaRta dose
xñatmas gold standard
Exµrkat;cin Sino-Khmer
xøwmsar content
xøwmsar niglkçxNÐ énkic©snüa terms and
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conditions of a contract xVH/ cMnYn shortfall
xVHxat/ karpÁt;pÁg;mankar deficient supply
xVHTMgn;/ PaB deficiency in weight
ExSekag curve, ~ cMNay expenditure
curve, ~ eRbIR)as; consumption curve,
~ pÁt;pÁg;srub aggregate supply curve ExSekaghVIlIB Phillips curve (relationshipbetween rate of change of money wage and rate of unemployment) ExScgVak; chain, ~ m:aXITIg¼TIpSar marketing chain ExSbeNþay/ mnÞIr line department
ExSbBaÄr/ karR)aRs½yTak;Tgtam vertical communication ExSplitkmµ ¬tMelIgeRKOgcRk¦ assembly line
ExSepþk¼ExSTTwg/ karsMrbsMrYltam horizontal coordination
exSay/ rUbiyvtßú weak/soft currency
K KgKña¼RtYtKña overlap
KN³kmµkar commission
KN³kmµkaresIubGegát board of inquiry
KN³kmµkarGPivDÆn_PUmi village development committee (VDC) KN³kmµaFikar committee, ~ RtYtBinitü committee of inspection, ~ Gcié®nþy_
KN³kmµaFikarcMeBaHkic© ad hoc committee
KN³CMnajkar panel of experts
KNna v. calculate, work out
KNnaxus miscalculate
KNnaéføedIm/ kar costing
KNnaGtüaNU calculus
KNnI account, ~ épÞkñúg domestic account,
~ )anEksMrYl account amended, ~ enAmin Tan;sg outstanding account, ~ RtUvsg
account payable, ~ RtUvTar account
receivable, esovePA ~ account book,
m©as; ~ account holder, sMrab;EtsgcUl ~ account payee only KNnI mUlFn¼Tun capital account
KNnIkan;kab;kñúgnambuKÁlmñak;eTot nominee account KNnIcrnþ current account
KNnIcMNUl-cMNay income and expense accounts, income-outlay accounts, appropriation accounts KNnIcMruH sundry account
KNnIcMh ¬kt;RtakarTijeCOedayGñkTij Kµandak;vtßúFana¦ open account
KNnIQb;eRbI rW KNnIgab; dead account
KNnIFnaKar bank account
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KNnIenAbreTs foreign accounts
KNnIRbePTGkSr et T account
KNnIR)ak;tMkl;Fana deposit guaranty account KNnIpat;Tat; clearing account
KNnIépÞeRkA external accounts
KNnIrg subsidiary account
KNnIrg;caM suspense account
KNnIrYm ¬manm©as;KNnIBI 2nak;eLIgeTA¦ joint account KNnIlT§pl profit and loss account
KNnIGtifiCn ¬m> KNnIRtUvTar¦ trade account receivable
KNnIeCO charge/credit account
KNenyü accounting (US), accountancy
(GB), bookeeping, ~ hirBaØvtßú financial
accounting, ~ Bn§dar tax accounting,
vdþ ~ accounting cycle, RKa ~ accounting period, bøg; ~ accounting plan, éfø ~
accounting price, RbB½n§ ~ accounting
system, karviPaK ~ accounting analysis r)aykarN_ ~ accounting statement KNenyü éføedIm¼viPaK cost accounting
KNenyükr accountant, ~ rdæTTYlsÁal; chartered accountant, certified public accountant (US)
KNenyükredImExS principal accountant (Ministry of Economy and Finance)
KNenyükic© accountancy
KNenyüRKb;RKg managerial accounting
KNenyüCati national accounting
KNenyübrisßan ecological accounting
KNenyüPaB accountability, TamTar ~ BI demand accountibility from
KNenyüPaB/ Kµan adj. unaccountable
KNenyürdæaPi)al nigKNenyüsßab½n government and institutional accounting KNenyüsaFarN³ public accounting/ accounts KN³RbtiPU delegation
KN³emFavI bar association
KN³rdæm®nþI Council of Ministers
KtibNÐit/ Rbkbeday sound
Ktiyutþi ¬Rsbtamc,ab; nigrebobrbbén c,ab;¼ tulakar¦ juridical, lixitsñam ~ legal document Ktiyutþi/ rUbPaB legal form
Kn;KUr/ kar extrapolation
Kn;KUrCamun/ kar projection
KnøgeRKaHfñak; precarious path
KnøwH/ tYnaTI key role
KnøwH/ sunÞrkfa keynote address
KmnaKmn_B½t’man communication of information Ky customs, Pñak;gar ~ customs agent,
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TIcat;karKynigrdæakr Customs Department,
buKÁl¼Rkumh‘un EdlnaMTMnijqøgkat; ~ customs broker Kl;mUlb,TanbR½t cheque stub
Kl;G½kS origin, zero point
KhbtI bourgeois, vNѳ ~ bourgeoisie ormiddle class
Kab;CYn ¬Kña¦/ kar coincidence
Kahkniy½t holder in due course
KitKUrbegáItfµI v. conceptualise
Kitdl;/ edaymin regardless
KitbEnßm/ cMNUl)an accrued income
KIb bale
KuNFm’ virtue
KuNPaB quality, grade, karEbgEck ~
grading, ~ eBlpÞúk quality shipped or
shipped quality, viFIsaRsþ ¬viPaK¦ tamEbb ~ qualitative method (of analysis) KuNPaBx<s; ¬Er:¦ high grade (ore)
KuNvibtþi shortcoming, disadvantage
KuNvibtþi flaw, Edlman ~ flawed
KuNvuDÆi ¬smtßPaBkñúgCMnaj¦ qualification
KuNsm,tþixagCMnaj qualification
KURbECg rival
KUsbBa¢ak; v. emphasise
KYkeC broker, middleman
KYkeCh‘un stockbroker
KYbpSM combine, ~ CamYyKñanUvBaNiC¢kmµ nig karkMsanþ combine business and pleasure
KYr)anTTYl\NTan/ PaB credit worthiness
eKcBn§/ kar tax evasion
eKcUlcitþ ¬CagGVImYyeTot¦/ Edl preferential
eKhkic©/ brikçar household equipment
éKbnøM adj. fraudulent
éKbnøM/ kar fraud
eKal base, GRta ~ base rate
eKal ¬R)ab;cMgay¦ milestone
eKal/ RKa¼ry³eBl reference period
eKalkarN_ ¬kñúgRbkas¦ general (in a Prakas)
eKalkarN_KNenyümankarTTYlsÁal;TUeTA generally accepted accounting principle (GAAP)
eKalkarN_ENnaM guideline
eKalkarN_énPaBsuIKña matching concept/ convention
eKalkarN_esµIPaB nigmanplRbeyaCn_eTAvij eTAmk principle of equality and mutual benefit eKalKMnit concept
eKal¼em/ EpnTI master map
eKaledA purpose, goal
eKaledA target, Rkum ~ target group,
TIpSar ~ target market
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eKaledAGPivDÆn_shsSvtSr_ Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) eKalneya)ay policy, Rkbx½NÐ ~ policy framework
eKalneya)ayebIkTUlay open policy
eKalneya)ayrUbiyvtßúRbugRby½tñ prudent monetary policy eKalneya)aysac;R)ak;gayRsYl easy money policy KMnas; leverage
KMnit idea
KMnitécñRbDit creativity, creative thinking
KMnitpþÜcepþIm initiative
KMnitviPaK analytical thinking
KMnitevocevr bad faith
KMnUrsßiti chart
KMnUstaglk; sale chart
KMrU model
KMrUtag sample, yk ~ v. sample, take a
sample, Rkum ~ sample group, karRsg; ~
sample implementation, ~ Kg sample
overlap, karyk ~ sampling, kareRCIs ~
sample selection, Gegát ~ sample survey,
KMrUtagécdnü random sample, ~ KµankMNt; unrestricted random sample KMrUtagécdnüsamBaØ/ karyk simple random sampling KMrUtagCMerOn census sample
KMrUtagem master sample
KMrUtagrg subsample
KMrUtagsV½yTMgn; self-weighting sample
KMrUbgðaj specimen
KMrUBIelImkeRkam top-down paradigm
KMrUhtßelxa specimen signature
KMerag project, karvaytMél ~ project
appraisal, karksag ~ project formulation,
karGnuvtþn_ ~ project implementation,
sMeNI ~ project proposal
KMeragkksÞH project indigestion
KMeragbnÞab;bnSM marginal project
KMeragsakl,g pilot project
KMlat gap, deviation
KMlatmFüm ¬m> KMlatsþg;dar¦
KMlatsþg;dar standard deviation (statistics)
KMehIj finding
KaMRT v. support, endorse, esvakmµ ~ support service
KaMRT/ bBa¢ak;KaMRT v. back up, bBa¢ak;KaMRT karGHGag back up a claim
KaMRT/ Gñk backer
KaMRTxaghirBaØvtßú/ kar financial backing, financial assistance
KaMBar v. safeguard
KµankargareFVIeBjelj adj. underemployed,
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Gñk ~ n. underemployed
KµankareyaKyl;Biess/ karlk; arm’s length sale KµanRcksmuRT/ RbeTs landlocked country
KµandI landless, PaB ~ landlessness
KµaneRbIkar idle, Tun ~ idle capital
KµanplitPaB/ RTBüskmµ unproductive assets
KµanélTukedayELk/ mUlniFi unearmarked fund
KµanGVIKYrq¶l; unquestionable
RKbdNþb;/ kar¼TMhM coverage
RKbsgát; v. dominate
RKb;RKg v. manage, nayk ~ managing director RKb;RKg/ kar management, karRtYtBinitükar ~ management control RKb;RKgeday bTbBa¢a¼bTb,BaØtþic,ab; v. regulate RKb;RKgedayxøÜnÉg/ kar self-managing
RKb;RKgmin)an/ cMNay uncontrollable expenses RKb;RKgGsmtßPaB/ kar maladministration
RKb;RKan; enough
RKb;RKan;/ PaBmin insufficiency, deficiency
RKb;RCugeRCay adj. comprehensive,
karviPaK ~ comprehensive analysis
RKa ¬KNenyü¦ period
RKaeKal reference period
RKwH foundation
RKwH/ karRsavRCavCa fundamental research
RKwHsßan establishment
RKwHsßan ¬CMnYj¦ business concern
RKwHsßanrdæ)alsaFarN³ public adminstrative establishment RKwHsßansaFarN³ public establishment
RKwHsßanesvakmµEkécñ processing-type service establishment RKwHsßanGcié®nþy_ permanent establishment
RKUeBTüCnbT barefoot doctor
RKYsar family, karensaTCalkçN³ ~ family scale fishing RKYsar household, ~ RsþIemRKY female-headed
household, ~ bursemRKY male-headed household
RKYsaredIm original family
eRKOgeRbIR)as; appliance
eRKOgeqH fuel
eRKOgbriePaK food items
eRKOgbMBak; ¬TaMgGcl½t nigcl½t Edllk;eTA CamYynwgpÞH¦ fixtures and fittings
eRKOgbMBak;Cab; fixture
eRKOg]bePaK-briePaK ¬m> sMPar³pÁt;pÁg;¦ supply
eRKagkar scheme
eRKageRcIndMNak; multi-stage frame
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eRKagelImUldæantMbn; area-based frame
eRKagykKMrUtag sampling frame, ~ dMbUg primary-sampling frame (PSF) eRKaHfñak;/ EdlRbkbeday hazardous
eRKaHfñak;enAeBlbMeBjkargar occupational accident eRKaHFmµCati natural disaster
eRKaHGKIÁP½y fire risk
KøInik clinic
X Xat;cab;Tuk/ kar ¬rfynþ/ TUk>>>¦ impoundment XubXitkMNt;éfø/ kar price fixing
eXasnaTak;TajkarKaMRT v. canvass
eXasnabBa©úHbBa©Úl v. lobby
eXasnapSaylk;pÞal;/ kar ¬énbuKÁlmñak;¦ personal selling Xñas; lever
XøatBIsPaBedIm/ kar aberration
XøaMemIl v. monitor
XøaMg warehouse
XøaMg/ karTukdak;TMnijkñúg warehousing
XøaMg/ qµaM warehouseman
XøaMgsþúkTMnijRKb;RKgedayPñak;garKy bonded warehouse
g gakecj/ kar deviation
gayxUc perishable, TMnij ~ perishable goods gayeCO/ PaB credulity
gayrgeRKaH adj. vulnerable, Blkr ~ vulnerable worker gayrgeRKaH/ PaB vulnerability
gayRsYl/ kar facility
gar title
c ckçúvis½y n. vision
cg v. bind
cgRkg v. compile
cgP¢ab;/ kar linkage
cg¥úlTis/ kar directive
cenøaHCMerOn/ TsvtSr_ inter-censal decade
cenøaHeRCIs selection interval
cenøaHRbehag loophole, ~ énBn§ tax loophole
crca v. negotiate, kar ~ n. negotiation
crca)an/ Gac negotiable, éfø ~ negotiable price crcaBIkartMelIgR)ak;QñÚlrvag nieyaCit nig nieyaCk/ kar (free) collective bargaining
crcaCa rYm¼smUhPaB/ kar collective
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bargaining crnþkar/ eFVI ¬m> bc©úb,nñPaB/ eFVI¦ update
crnþþ adj. current, cMNay ~ current expenditures cracr circulation, ~ Tun circulation of
capital, ~ TMnij circulation of goods
cracr traffic, sNþab;Fñab; ~ traffic order
crit character
clnvtßú movable (property)
clnaTun/ karepÞrTun capital movement
cak;Kr/ kar dumping cak;eLIgvij/ kar ¬ExSGat;>>>¦ playback (tape...)
caj;eRbob disadvantaged
cat;Ecg v. organise, handle, manage, dispose cat;EcgTinñn½y/ kar data processing
cat;fñak; v. classify
cat;TukCaemaX³ v. invalidate
cab;eqñat v. draw lots
cab;epþIm/ esah‘uy start-up cost
cab;GarmµN_/ PaBmin insensitivity
cab;eGayTTYlxusRtUv v. hold responsible
cay ¬R)ak;¦ spend, expend, lay out
carxñg ¬Éksar¦ endorse v.
carxñg ¬Éksar¦/ Gñk endorser
carxñgcMh blank endorsement
carwk nominal, tMél ~ nominal value
carwkCaduløarGaemrik ¬]> mUlb,Tanb½Rt¦ denominated in US$
cas;TuM/ PaB maturity
ciBa©wmCIvit/ karrk livelihood
ciBa©wmRtI/ kar pisciculture, fish culture, fish farming cIrPaB sustainability
cIrPaB/ man sustainable, ksikmµ ~
sustainable agriculture, karGPivDÆn_ ~ sustainable development cugeRkay last, ultimate, eKaledA ~ ultimate goal cugeRkay/ kareRbIR)as; final consumption
cugExS/ plitpl downstream product
cugRKa/ sareBIP½NÐ ending inventory
cugecaT defendant
culøesdækic© ¬m> mIRkUesdækic©¦
cuHkalbriecäTGtItkal v. antedate
cuHkalbriecäTGnaKtelImUlb,Tanb½Rt date a cheque forward cuHkic©snüa ¬em:Akar[Gñk¦ xageRkA v. outsource
cuHKuNPaBdI/ kar land degradation
cuHéf¶Ex/ Kµan undated
cuHéfø v. discount, lk; ~ sell at a dicount,
GRta ~ discount rate
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cuHéfø v. lower the price, decrease in price
cuHéfø/ kar ¬elITMnijminRtUv)a:n; rW karsgR)ak; munéf¶kMNt;¦ rebate
cuHéføtamkarbg;Casac;R)ak;/ karlk; cash discount cuHéføeGaytamkarbg;Casac;R)ak;/ cMnYn cash rebate cuHTabbMput v. bottom out
cuHTidæakar ¬elIcMNay¦ rW GnuBaØatcMNay authorise payment cuHTinñanub,vtþi/ kar journalising
cuHbBa¢I register, kar ~ registration, elx ~
registration number, viBaØabnb½Rt ~ registration certificate cuHbBa¢I/ Edlmin)an unregistered
cuHbBa¢Ika ¬m> cuHbBa¢I¦ v. register
cuHbBa¢IKNenyü/ kar bookkeeping
cuHbRBa©aselxna v. reverse an entry
cuHbuerkalbriecäT v. ¬m> cuHkalbriecäT GtItkal¦ antedate, backdate
cuHelxna enter an entry (journal)
cuHelxna v. post an item (ledger), ~ eTAkñúg esovePAFM post an item to the ledger
cuHsMrugKña/ kareFVI[manPaB harmonisation
cuHhtßelxaFanaelIvikáybRt v. back a bill
cuHhtßelxaBIeRkam/ Gñk undersigned n.
cuHhtßelxasegçb v. initial
cUlCaRkumh‘un/ min unincorporated
cUlCaFrman v. come into effect/force
cUlCasmaCik/ kar accession
cUléd/ kar complicity
cUlRbLÚk/ kar engagement
cUlmunecjmun Fifo (first in, first out)
cUlrYm v. participate, kar ~ participation
cUlrYm/ karGPivDÆn_edaymankar participatory development cUlh‘un/ kar stake
cUleRkayecjmun ¬lIhVÚ ¦ Lifo (last in, first out) ecosvagBn§/ kar tax avoidance
ecjcMNayCYs v. defray
ecj¼ecjpSay v. issue, ecjGaCJab½NÑ issue a licence ectna intention
Eckcay/ kar distribution
Eckdac;/ Edl ¬elx¦ divisible
Eckbnþ v. ¬KNnI/ Rkum>>>¦ subdivide
EckrMElk v. share, ~ bTBiesaFn_ share experiences
Ecg v. stipulate
EcgxagelI/ dUcman above-mentioned
Ecs ¬fµI/ s¥at¦ adj. immaculate
écdnü adj. random, KMrUtag ~ random
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sample, karRtYtemIl ~ random check
écdnünIykmµ randomisation
ecaTRbkan;edaymin)anbgðajPsþútag/ kar allegation
ecAhVay boss, EdlcUlcitþRtYtRtaeK bossy
cMkar plantation, ~ ekAs‘U rubber plantation
cMNg/ CMnYyman tied aid
cMNgeCIg title, heading
cMNgTak;Tg link, linkage
cMNakRsuk migration
cMNat;kar n. treatment
cMNat;fñak; classification, eFVI ~ classify v.
RbB½n§eFVI ~ system of classification
cMNat;fñak; tMél¼KuNsm,tþi/ kareFVI rating
cMNat;fñak; ¬tamlMdab;¦/ eFVI v. rank
cMNat;fñak;kargar job ranking/grading
cMNat;fñak;rg subclassification
cMNab;GarmµN_ impression, perception
cMNay expense, cost, ~ énkarRbmUl Tinñn½y cost of data collection
cMNay v. expend, spend
cMNay n. expenditure, expense, ~ Ca mUlFn capital expenditure, ~ crnþ current
expenditure, ~ rdæ)al admistrative
expenses, ~ epSg² sundry expenses
cMNay n. outlays (financial),
~ rMls;bMNul debt amortisation outlays
cMNay/ smtulüminTan; unexpended balance
cMNayRKb;RKg)an controllable expenses
cMNaycuHeFVIkardl;kEnøg field expenditure cMNayCamUlFn capital expense
cMNayCYs/ ecj v. defray
cMNaytaméf¶/ ¬R)ak;¦ per diem
cMNayEfTaM maintenance expense, upkeep expenses cMNayTUeTA ¬cMNayeTogTat; nigsMxan;²Edl minTak;TgedaypÞal;nwgkarplit¦ overheads, overhead charges cMNayTUeTA nigcMNayrdæ)al general and administrative expenses cMNayRTRTg;karrs;enA cost of living
cMNaybg;mun prepaid expense
cMNaybEnßm additional expense, aftercost
cMNay)anKitbEnßm accrued expense
cMNayeRbIR)as; consumption expenditures cMNayhYskMNt; overspending
cMNarxñg endorsement, ~ ÉksaredIm,I RbmUlR)ak; endorsement for collection,
GñkmansiT§ieRbIR)as;lixitsñamtam ~ endorsee
cMNuccUl entry point
cMNucecj exit point
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cMNucedA target
cMNucENnaM guideline
cMNucbt; ¬eBlEdlmankarpøas;bþÚr¦ turning point cMNucRbsBV focal point
cMNucepþat n. focus
cMNucminl¥ drawback
cMNucrYcedIm break-even point
cMNuH ¬vtßúpÞúk¦ capacity
cMNuH/ GgÁPaB subordinate entity
cMNuHpÞúk loading capacity
cMNUl income, earnings, ~ eRkaykat;Bn§ after-tax income, ~ Cab;Bn§suT§ net taxable
income, ~ pÞal;xøÜn personal income,
~ eRkaykat;Bn§ disposable income, ~ eRkA BIebovtSr_ private income, ~ )anTTYlmun income collected in advance, ~ kñúgmnusS mñak; per capita income, ~ suT§ net income,
KNnI ~ income account, r)aykarN_ ~ income statement cMNUl revenue, ~ crnþ current revenue,
eKalneya)ayxag ~ revenue policy,
~ TTYlmun unearned revenue,
cMNUleRkABIebovtSr_ private income
cMNUlcitþ preference, taste
cMNUlcMNay/ r)aykarN_ profit and loss statement
cMNUlCamUlFn capital revenue
cMNUldul gross proceeds/receipts/returns
cMNUlTTYlmun ¬KWRtUveyageTAbBa©Úlkñúg kariybriecäTeRkay²¦ deferred revenue or unearned revenue
cMNUlTab low-income, RKYsarman ~ low income households cMNUlenATMenrrbs;buKÁl rW cMNUlbuKÁl eRkaykat;Bn§ ¬]> R)ak;ExrebIkykeTApÞH)an¦ disposable personal income cMNUlbuKÁl/ R)ak; personal income/revenue
cMNUlBIkarlk; sale revenue/proceeds
cMNUlBIvinieyaK returns
cMNUl\tRbkas undisclosed income
cMNUlÉktabEnßm marginal revenue
cMeNj ¬CaR)ak;¦ v. gain
cMeNj/ PaBman profitability
cMeNj rW R)ak;cMeNj profit
cMeNj¼xat elIRkdas paper loss/profit
cMeNjxat/ KNnI profit and loss account
cMeNjxat/ r)aykarN_ rW r)aykarN_cMNUl cMNay/ profit and loss statement
cMeNjx<s;bMputminFøab;man record profits
cMeNjeRcIn healthy profit
cMeNjdul gross profit
cMeNjPøam²\trMBwgTuk winfall profit
cMeNjmunbg;Bn§ pre-tax profit
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cMENk n. share
cMENkTIpSar market share/penetration
cMeNaténExSekag slope of a curve
cMeNalRsuk/ Gñk ¬m> GaNikCn¦ expat
cMeNHeFVI know-how
cMnYnmux range, ~ plitpl product range
cMbg adj. major, main
cMraj;/ Er: mineral concentrate
cMraj;eGaysuT§ v. purify
cMruH ¬shRKas/ KN³kmµaFikar>>>¦ joint
cMruHkmµ diversification
cMruH¼smasPaBesdækic©cMruH/ shRKas joint venture cMruHGnþrRksYg/ KN³kmµaFikar joint inter-ministerial committee cMlgtam/ eFVI v. replicate
cMelIy/ EdlKµan unanswered
cMh open, pSar ~ open market
cMehH ¬kareqH¦ combustion
écñRbDitrksuI/ lkçN³ entrepreneurship
c,ab; law, esckþIRBag ~ draft law, ~ nig bTb,BaØtþi laws and regulations, ~ sþIBIsh lkçnþik³m®nþIraCkarsuIvil law on Co-Statute
of Civil Servants, ~ sþIBIhirBaØvtßúsMrab;kar RKb;RKg law on Financial Management, ~
sþIBIrbbsnþisuxsgÁm law on Social Security
c,ab;kic©snüa contract law
c,ab;Rkumh‘un companies act
c,ab;edIm ¬snøwkedIm¦ original, vikáybRt ~ original invoice c,ab;TTYlsÁal;/ R)ak;Edl legal tender
c,ab;nItiviFI procedural law (French: code de procédure) c,ab;bEnßm ¬RbcaMtMbn;¦ by-laws
c,ab;RbqaMgnwgRtwsþ anti-trust law
c,ab;Blkmµ labour law
c,ab;rdæb,evNI civil law
c,ab;erobcMGgÁkar organic/organisational law
c,ab;sþIBIkarFanar:ab;rg insurance law
c,ab;sþIBIc,ab;bEnßm law on addendum
c,ardMNaM/ kareFVI horticulture
ec,al²/ kar)a:n;sµan rough estimate
Rck channel
Rckecj exit
RckecjcUlEtmYy single window, one stop shop
Rckecjbec©keTs technical fix
RcklðkmanPaBRkIRk pocket of poverty
Rc)ac;bBa©ÚlKña consolidated, B½t’man ~
consolidated information, kar ~ nUvtarag tulükar consolidation of balance sheets
RcbUkRcbl;/ kar¼PaB confusion, chaos
RcLMbl; confusing
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Rcanecal v. reject, vtßú ~ ¬eRBaHminRtUvkar¦ reject RcanecalCamun preclude
eRcInkkkuj adj. glut
eRcInkMrit multi-level
eRcInliclg;TIpSar glut the market
eRcInelIstMrUvkar/Edl adj. redundant
eRcaHdac;dI/ kar soil erosion
eRcaHsMGat v. purify
q qk;»kas v. capitalise
qk;»kasekjcMeNj/ kar speculation,
~ kñúgeRbgkat oil speculation
qnÞ³ will
qnÞanusiT§i ¬siT§isMerceBjelj¦ discretion,
Ca ~ rbs;rdæaPi)al at the ~ of the government qak stage, scenario, ~ neya)ay political scene/arena
qakar flat, kMér ~ flat fee, éfø ~ flat price
qab;rMePIb/ PaB sensitivity
Eqkeqr/ kar check
eqA raw, Tinñn½y ~ raw data
qñaM year, ~ eKal base year, ~ sareBIBn§ fiscal year, ~ hirBaØvtßú financial year
qñaM/ KitelImUldæanRbcaM annualized
qñaMelIqñaM ¬eFobnwgry³eBldUcKñaénqñaMmun¦ year
on year, bMErbMrYl ~ year on year change
qøgkat; transit, KNnI ~ transit account,
TMnij ~ transit goods, GaCJab½NÑsMrab;TMnij ~
transit licence, GñkdMeNIr ~ transit passenger
qøgkat;RBMEdn/ BaNiC¢kmµ cross-border trade
eqøIytb/ kar n. response, GRtaeqøIytb
response rate, PaBeqøIytb responsiveness
eqøótykcMeNj v. capitalise
eqøótykcMeNjBIelI cash in on
qøúHbBa©aMg v. reflect
q¥wgxñg/ ehdæarcnasm<½n§ ¬ehdæarcnasm<½n§ eKal¦ backbone infrastructure
Eq¥teBjedayTMnijénTIpSar/ PaB market saturation
C CECkedjedal/ kar ¬]> enAsPa¦ debate
CBa¢IgTUTat; balance of payments, »nPaB¼ Gtierk ~ balance of payments deficit/ surplus CBa¢IgTUTat;GnþrCati external balance, foreign balance CBa¢IgBaNiC¢kmµ balance of trade
Cncas;Cra elderly
CncMNakRsuk migrant
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CnCab;ecaT n. accused
CnenArs; survivor
CnbreTs alien, c,ab;sþIBI ~ alien act
CnrYmCati compatriot
CnsuIvil n., énCnsIuvil adj. civilian
Clpl aquatic product, FnFan ~ aquatic resources Clyan boat, esovePAskmµPaB ~ boat log book Clvb,kmµ aquaculture
C½yP½NÐ ¬rbs;EdldeNþIm rW bøn;BIeK¦ booty, spoils
C½ylaPI winner
Cak;lak; explicit, bTbBa¢a ~ explicit instruction Cak;lak;/ PaB specificity, accuracy
Cak;lak;/ ry³eBl specific period of time
Cak;Esþg actual, karRbKl; ~ actual
delivery, karbBa©aTij ~ actual order,
karlk;TMnij ~ actual selling of goods
Cak;Esþg factual, sßanPaB ~ factual situation Cak;Esþg/ tamkar de facto
Cak;Esþg/ minTan; latent
Cak;Esþg/ viFankar concrete measure Cati adj. national, fñak;eRkam ~ sub-national level
CatiBn§úviTüa ethnography
CatUbnIykmµ¼Catikmµ/ eFVI v. nationalise
CaRbcaM/ cMNUl ¬m> cMNUlcrnþ¦ current revenue Camun/ karpþl;dMNwg advance notice
Cav¼sMuCav/ kar subscription, éføCav subscription price Cavtßú/ viPaKTan in-kind contribution
CINUm ¬CIvsaRsþ¦ genome
CIv³cMruH bio-diversity
CIvRBwtþi/ ksikmµ subsistence agriculture
CIvPaB livelihood or living
CIvm:as biomass
CIv]sµ½n biogas
CIvit/ mYy lifetime, bTBiesaFn_kñúg ~ a lifetime of experience
CUndMNwg/ kar notification, nItiviFICUndMNwg notification procedure CUndMNwg/ FnaKar advising bank
CUndMNwgmunry³eBlxøI short notice
CUnB½t’man/ lixit advice note
CUneyabl;/ lixit advice note
CYjdUr/ kar trading
CYjdUr)an/ Gac negotiable, rUbiyaNtþi \NeTyü ~ negociable debt instrument
CYjdUrh‘unedayGñképÞkñúg/ kar ¬EdldwgB½t’man sMgat;BIRkumh‘un¦ insider dealing, insider trading
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CYbTak;Tg/ kar contact, mnusSsMrab;CYb Tak;Tg contact person
CYyFana v. underwrite, Gñk ~ underwriter
CYybMeBjxat v. subsidise, kar ~ subsidisation
CYr ¬PñM¦ range
CYr/ CYrepþk ¬tarag¦ row
CYl ¬edaymankic©snüa¦ v. lease, ~ mkvij
lease back, karCYl lease n.
CYl v. ¬pÞH/ kariyal½y>>>¦ let
CYl v. ¬pÞH/ rfynþ/ >>>¦ rent
CYl v. ¬rfynþ/ Blkr>>>¦ hire
CYl/ kar rental
CYl/ ry³eBl n. ¬GclnRTBü¦ tenancy
CYl/ Gñk ¬dI/ pÞH>>>¦ tenant, ksikrCYldIeK tenant farmer CYlbnþ sublet, sublease
eCIgsar ¬rW eCIgsarCMnYj¦broker, middleman
eCO/ PaBKYreGay credibility
eCOnelOn progress, kMBug ~ in progress
eCOnelOneTAmux/ kar advancement
eCOnelOnnigsµúKsµaj/ bec©kviTüa sophisticated technology
eCaKC½y/ min)an unsuccessful
CMu¼xYb¼vdþ cycle
CMgWbNþalBIkargar work-related illness
CMTas;/ kar objection, Kµan ~ no objection
CMTas;tva:nwgesckþIsMerc contest a decision
CMnaj skill
CMnajnIykmµ ¬m> ÉkeTsnIykmµ¦ specialisation CMnUn n. present
CMnYj trade, dealing, ~ Rsbc,ab; fair dealing
CMnYj/ kic©kar business, kareFVI ~ business undertaking CMnYj/ eFVI v. trade
CMnYjEdlpþl;cMeNj paying business
CMnYjh‘unKña partnership
CMnYb meeting
CMnYy aid, assistance, kic©RBmeRBogpþl; ~
aid agreement, ynþkarsMrbsMrYl ~ aid
coordination mechanism, kmµviFI ~ aid
programme, ~ esdækic© economic aid
CMnYykar assistant, KNenyükr ~ assistant accountant CMnYybec©keTs technical assistance (TA)
CMnYybreTs foreign aid
CMnYyBIxageRkA ¬RbeTs¦ external aid
CMnYymnusSFm’ humanitarian assistance
CMnYyse®gÁaHbnÞan; emergency aid/relief
CMnYysµartI memorandum
CMnYy\tcMNg untied aid
CMnYy\tsMNg grant aid
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CMnYs/ kardak; subrogation
CMnYsKña)an/ PaBGacykeTA fungibility
CMenOn progress, r)aykarN_ ~ progress report CMBak;/ Edl due
CMBak;/ enA ¬kMcI¦ outstanding
CMBak;bMNul/ PaB indebtedness
CMBUk chapter
CMBUk ¬RkumstV/ rukçCati¦ genus
CMrk shelter, ~ ecosBn§ tax shelter
CMruj v. boost, motivate, stimulate, promote
CMrujTwkcitþ/ kar motivation
CMrujTwkcitþ/ eRKOg inducement
CMrujplRbeyaCn_BaNiC¢kmµ/ kar promotionof commercial interests CMerIs option
ykKMrUtagKµanRsTab;/ kar unstratified sampling CMerIsdMbUg primary selection
CMerIsepSgeTot alternative
CMerIsmankarRtYtBinitü controlled selection
CMerOn census, ~ RbCaCn population census
CMrH ¬bBa¢I/ bMNul¦ v. liquidate
CMrHkþI v. adjudicate
CMrHbBa©b; v. dispose
CMrHbBa¢I/ kar liquidation, r)aykarN_ ~
liquidation report, kar ~CakatBVkic© compulsory liquidation, kar ~ edaysµ½RK citþ voluntary liquidation
CMrHhirBaØvtßú/ kar financial liquidation
CMelaH quarrel
CMhr position
CMhrhirBaØvtßúúú financial standing
CMhr\NTan credit status
CMhan ¬kñúgdMeNIrkarGVImYy¦ step, CaCMhan²
steadily, mYyCMhanmþg² step by step
eRCIs v. select, sort
eRCIs/ kar selection, el¥ógkñúg ~ selection
error, cenøaHeRCIs selection interval,
~ beNþaHGasnñ tentative selection
eRCIsKMrUtag/ kar sample selection
eRCIserIs/ kar selection
eRCotERCk/ kar interference
ERCTMnijemIl shop around
Q Qb;/ kar cessation, karbBaÄb;GaCIvkmµ cessation of business
Qb;sMrakKµanebovtSr_/ kar leave without pay
Qb;sMrakeBlQW/ kar sick leave
QaneTAdl;kic©RBmeRBog v. come to an agreement
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Qanmux/ ]sSahkmµ pioneer industry
eQagdl;/ kar outreach
QñH/ Gñk winner
QµÜj trader
QµÜjkNþal middleman
eQµaHBaNiC¢kmµ brand name
j jtþi petition
jtþibenÞas motion of censure
jatiCitCageK next of kin
jatiBn§ n. ¬m> sac;jati¦ relative
jwkjab;/ PaB frequency
Ejk v. differentiate
Ejk[eXIjPaBxusKña/ kar differentiation
d dkxøÜnecj back out, ~ BIkic©snüa back out from a contract dkecjBImuxtMENgGVImYykñúgrdæaPi)al removal from a government office dkbNþwg discharge
dkR)ak; ¬BIKNnI¦ withdraw money
dkR)ak;/ Gñk drawer
dkR)ak;/ GñkeGayeK drawee
dkR)ak;elIsR)ak;beBaØI/ kar overdraft
dkhUt v. revoke, ~ GaCJab½NÑ ¬mkvij¦ revoke a licence dkhUt v. ¬rbs;RTBü¦ confiscate, dispossess
dg;suIet density
dNþb;minsBV/ karFanar:ab;rg undercoverage (insurance) dl;kMNt;/ Edl due
dl;kMNt; ¬sg¦/ éf¶ maturity date
dl;éd/ éføTijlk; spot price
dak;ecjCaelIkdMbUgnUv/ kar ¬]> plitplelI TIpSar¦ launch
dak;CUnBinitü/ kar filing
dak;eTas v. penalise
dak;R)ak;enAFnaKar v. bank
dak;mUlb,Tanb½RteGayRbB½n§FnaKarcat;kar epÞrR)ak; clear a cheque
dak;vin½y v. impose disciplinary sanction,
kar ~ disciplinary action
dak;snÞsSn_/ kar indexation
dak;sMBaF v. exert pressure
dac;xat absolute, sMelg ¬e)aHeqñat¦ PaKeRcIn
~ absolute majority vote, ]tþmPaB ~ absolute advantage dac;Rsyal/ tMbn; remote area
das;etOn/ kar warning
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dI rW dIFøI land
dIkmµsiT§i ¬FM²¦ estate
dIka warrant
dIkaekaHsakSI subpoena
dIkaextþ¼Rkug provincial/municipal order (written instruction) dIkaXMu commune regulation(s)
dIkabgÁab; ¬tulakar¦ writ
dIRkhm red soil
dIdaMduH cultivated land
dIFøI/ én agrarian, kMENTMrg;dIFøI agrarian reform
dIesIm ¬dITMnabmanTwkdk;edayGenøI¦ wetlands
dILÚt_ plot
dIGacdaMduH arable land
dwkCBa¢Ún v. & n. transport
dwkTMnij ¬tamrfynþ rW rfePøIg¦/ kar haulage,
éfø ~ haulage cost
dwknaMkargar/ KN³kmµaFikar steering committee
dwgsÁal;/ kar awareness
dul gross
duløarGWr:ub Eurodollar
duløarUnIykmµ dollarisation
duHdI/ kar silting (of waterways)
dUcmanEcg ¬kñúgc,ab;¦ as provided, as stated, set forth
dUmINU/ \T§iBl domino effect
edIm ¬rukçCati¦ trunk, stem
edIm/ RbCaCn indigenous people
edImecaT plaintiff, claimant
edImTuntamc,ab; legal capital
edjecal/ kar dismissal
edjéfø v. bid
edjéfø/ kar bid, auction, karlk; ~ auction sale
edjéfø/ kar ¬edIm,IeFVIkarpÁt;pÁg;¦ tender
edjéfø/ kar ¬edaymandak;ÉksartMél ):an;sµanlMGit¦ tendering
edjéfø/ Gñk tenderer
edjéføkñúgeRsamsMbuRtbiTCit/ kar sealed tender edjéføCaGnþrCati/ kar international bidding/ tendering edjéføedayRbkYtRbECgkñúgRsuk/ kar DCB ( Domestic Competitive Bidding) edjeCIgKña/ PaB ¬m>RbkYtRbECg/ PaB¦ competitiveness
EdndI/ GaCJaFr territorial authority EdnCMrkstVéRB wildlife santuary
EdnensaT fishery zone, ~ bMrugTuk reserved fishery zone EdnrgTwkePøóg catchment area Ednsmtßkic©¼yutþaFikar jurisdiction
Ednsm,TanTwkéRb marine concession
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EdnGnuvtþ ¬c,ab;¦ scope
édKU partner, PaBCa ~ partnership
édKUBaNiC¢kmµ trading partner
duM/ karTij bulk buying
dMukMPYn/ karpþl;fvikaCa substantial funding
dMNak;/ dMNak;kal stage, phase
dMeNIrkar process
dMeNIrkar/ ¬Edl¦ performing, RTBüskmµ ~ performing asset, RTBüskmµmin ~ non-performing asset dMeNIrkar/ cMNay ¬sMrab;¦ running costs
dMNaMeRcInmux/ kareFVIV polyculture
dMNaMmYymux/ kareFVI monoculture
dMNaMrYmpSM supplementary crop
dMNaMlk;ykR)ak; cash crop
dMeNaHRsay n. settlement, ~ dIFøI land
settlement, ~ bec©keTs technical fix
dMeNaHRsayRbkbedaykareyaKyl; ¬min)ac;eTAtulakar¦ amicable settlement
dMeNIrkareTAmux/ kMBug ¬CMnYj¦ to be a going concern dMeNIrkareFVIGaCIvkmµ/ kic© conduct of business
dMbUg initial, mUlFn ~ initial capital, éfø ~initial price
daMéRBeQIeLIgvij/ kar reforestation
edaHdUr ¬TMnij¦ Kña/ kar trade-off
edaHdUredaypÞal;/ kar direct exchange
edaHdUrTMnijnwgTMnij ¬karpøas;bþÚrTMnijKñaeday mineRbIluy¦ barter
edaHdUrenApSarh‘un/ kar stock-exchange dealings edaHT½l/ karlk; distress sale
edaHElg v. release
edaHRsay handle, ~ sßankarN_ handle a situation edaHRsay/ kar resolution, ~ TMnas; conflict resolution
z zbnkmµ ¬m> erobcMtMelIg/ kar¦ zbnIyPNÐ ¬m> FnbMrug¦ reserve
zbnIyCIvmNÐlbwgTenøsab Tonle Sap biosphere reserve zan³ rank
zan³ status, nimitþsBaØasMKal; ~ status symbol
zanKNit land survey
zannþrs½kþi ¬m®nþIraCkar¦ rank
zananuRkm hierarchy
D DIy:aRkam rW KMnUsbMRBYj n. diagram
DIvIDI ¬fasvIedGU¦ DVD
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DIhSúItal; ¬EdlbgðajCaelx¦ digital
t tkáviC¢a logic
ttiyCnGMNUs n. garnishee
ttiyCn third party
tfPaB reality
téfø v. bargain
tnukmµ depletion
tnuPaB ¬m> kMr/ PaB¦ scarcity
tbkmµ austerity, ~ esdækic© economic austerity tv:a v. protest, complain
tv:a/ kar protest, claim
ts‘Umti/ kar advocacy
tamkalkMNt; adj. periodic, RbB½n§RtYtBinitü ~ periodic-control system, RbB½n§bBa¢aTij ~periodic-order system
tamc,ab; legal, edImTun ~ legal capital,
esckþIsMerc ~ legal decision, GñktMNag ~
legal representative, eFVI[eTA ~ legalise,
PaB ~ legality
tamdan ¬m> XøaMemIl¦ monitor
tamdanbnþ follow-up v. & n.
tamdanemIl/ kar tracking
tamEtGMeBIcitþ arbitrary
taméfø/ Bn§yk ad valorem duty
tamry³enH hereby
tamGMNacmuxgar ex-officio
tarag table, spreadsheet, chart, flow
chart, karelIkCa ~ tabulation
taragkaMebovtSr_ wage scale
taragKNnI chart of accounts
taragtulükar balance sheet, xÞg;eRkA ~
off-balance sheet items, éf¶eFVI ~ balance sheet date taragtulükarsrub ¬bUkcUlEfmnUvbuRtsm<½n§>>¦ consolidated balance sheet taragtulüPaB trial balance
taragBn§Ky customs tariff, tariff
tarageBl¼kalviPaK schedule, ~ sgR)ak; repayments schedule taragGnueRKaHBn§KymanRbsiT§iPaBrYm Common Effective Preferential Tariff (CEPT) titßikmµ ¬m> Eq¥teBj>>>¦ saturation, ~ kñúgpSar market saturation, eFVI ~ v. saturate
twgEtg hard, kartéfød¾ ~ hard bargain
twgruwg/ viFankar stringent measure
tulakar court of justice
tulakarBaNiC¢kmµ commercial court
tulükarfvika/ eFVI v. balance the budget
tulükares,óg food balance
tulüPaB balance
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tUctac adj. minor
tY ¬rfynþ¦ body (car)
tYy:ag/ Ca typical
tYGgÁ actor, ~ esdækic© economic actor
etsþ n. test, eFVI ~ v. test
etsþCab;/ eFVI pass the test (education)
EtgtaMg/ kar nomination, appointment,
accreditation, GñkTTYl ~ nominee, kartaMgs‘ubkñúgzannþrskþiCaPñak;garrdæ)al permanent appointment to the rank of administrative agent tMkl;Tuk/ kar filing
tMkl;R)ak;¼kk; v. deposit
tMNag rW GñktMNag representative, ~
mansiT§iRbTan authorised representative
tMNagkarBarkþI attorney
tMNagRbcaMRbeTs resident representative
tMNagpþac;mux sole representative, exclusive/sole agent tMNagBaNiC¢kmµ commercial traveller
tMNageBjsiT§ full-right representative
tMENg position, ~ TMenr vacant position
tMbn; area, Ékta ~ area unit
tMbn; region, Gnu ~ sub-region, ~ Rbtibtþikar swkrg military sub-region
tMbn; zone, ~ sñÚl core zone, ~ RTnab; buffer zone, Gnþr ~ inter zone
tMbn;/ karEbgEck zoning
tMbn;RtYtBinitüKy ¬tMbn;EdlKyGactamcab; TMnij)an¦ customs territory
tMbn;BaNiC¢kmµesrIGas‘an ASEAN Free Trade Area (AFTA)
tMbn;PavUbnIykmµ regionalisation
tMbn;ykKMrUtag sampling domain
tMbn;rab;bBa©Úl enumerator area (EA)
tMbn;rab;bBa©ÚlCMerOn census-enumeration area tMbn;esdækic©Biess special economic zone
tMbn;GPivDÆn_Biess special promotion zone (SPZ)
tMrg;Tis oriented (orientated), kar ~ orientation tMrg;Tis v. direct
tMrUv v. mandate, c,ab; ~ fa... the law mandates that.... tMrUv/ kar requirement, R)ak;bMrugtam ~ required reserves tMrUvkar demand, need, ~ Cak;Esþg effective
demand, ~ ¬én¦TIpSar market demand,
~ edIm,Icgsm<½n§ need for affiliation
tMrUvkar ¬caM)ac;CamUldæan¦ needs, karsikSa vaytMélBI ~ needs assessment study,
~ caM)ac; basic needs, ~ CamUldæanrbs;mnusS basic human needs (BHN) tMrUvkar/ ExSekag demand curve
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tMrUvkar/ minsUvman be in poor demand
tMrUvkar nigkarpÁt;pÁg; demand and supply
tMrUveGay v. ¬eFVIGVImYy¦ require
tMlaPaB transparency
tMelIg v. raise, ~ Bn§ raise tax
tMelIg KuNPaB¼ smtßPaB v. upgrade
tMelIgzan³/ kar ¬buKÁlik¦ promotion (of an employee) tMelIgéfø v. increase price, mark up
tMél cost, value, ~ elIs¼xVH capital gains/loss (accounting)
tMél/ karkMNt; valuation
tMél/ TMnijman valuable goods
tMél/ ry³kalman validity
tMél/ vay¼eGay v. value
tMélkñúgbBa¢I rW tMélKNenyü book value, carrying value
tMélRkumh‘unKittamtMélTIpSarénsnøwkh‘un market capitalisation
tMélxVH capital loss (accounting)
tMélKNenyü book value
tMélcarwk nominal value
tMélcuHelIb½NÑ rW tMélcarwk face value, par value, nominal value tMéltamRbvtþisaRsþ ¬tMélCak;EsþgkalBIeBl TijcUl¦ historic/historical cost
tMéltameBl time value
tMélTijcUl ¬m> tMéltamRbvtþisaRsþ¦ historical cost tMélTIpSar market value
tMélFanik ¬m> tMélTIpSar¦ market value
tMélenAeBlcUl ¬tMélsMPar³eBlTijcUl¦ original cost tMélbc©úb,nñ present value, ~ suT§ net present value (NPV) tMélbEnßm value added (VA)
tMélRbmUl)anvij scrap/salvage value
tMél)an Rbkas¼RbtievTn_ declared value
tMélplitpÞal; ¬KµanbUkcMnayTUeTA¦ direct production cost, prime cost tMélpøas;ecj ¬pøas;rbs;mYyedayrbs;mYy epSgeTot¦ replacement value
tMéllk; ¬)an¦ sales value
tMélelIs ¬elIkarlk;RTBüskmµCab;lab;¦ capital gain
tMélsþg;dar standard cost
tMélGnaKt future value
t,itet,ót/ kar¼PaB austerity, ~ xagesdækic© economic austerity
t,Úg rW t,Úg ¬fµ¦ mantMél gem or gemstone
Rta n. seal
Rtab;tam/ kareFVI simulation/imitate
RtIPaKI adj. tripartite
RtImas quarter
RtwmRtUv correct, right, just, fair, sound
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eKalkarN_RbkYtRbECg ~ principle of fair competition RtwmRtUv/ PaB correctness, accuracy
RtwmRtUv/ min inaccurate, PaB ~ inaccuracy
RtUvc,ab; licit
RtUvpøas;bþÚrtamkarcaM)ac;/ Edl mutatis mutandis RtYtKña¼KgKña overlap
RtYtKña ¬\tRbeyaCn_¦/ kar duplication
RtYtRta v. control
RtYtRta/ cUl v. ¬edayTijykCag 50°én PaKh‘unrbs;Rkumh‘un¦ takeover, kar ~ n. takeover RtYtBinitü control, inspect, GñkRtYtBinitü controller RtYtBinitükarbþÚrR)ak;/ kar exchange control
RtYtBinitüeRkayskmµPaB/ kar post-action control(s) RtYtBinitüxaghirBaØvtßú/ Gñk (financial) comptroller RtYtBinitüedayeRbIEPñk/ kar visual control
RtYtBinitüénPñak;garKy/ kar customs examination RtYtBinitüebovtSr_nigéfø/ kar wage and price controls RtYtBinitümunskmµPaB/ kar pre-action control(s) RtYtBinitüsþúk/ kar stock control
RtYtemIl/ kar check, ~ nigføwgGMNac checks
and balances RtYsRtay¼Qanmux/ kargar pioneering work
eRtom/ kic©RBmeRBog stand-by agreement
eRtombMrug backup
t¥ÚjEt¥r v. complain
f ftcMlg/ kar duplication
ftdak;Tinñn½y ¬kMuBüÚT½r¦ n. directory
fycuH/ kar decrease
fycuHtamkareRbIR)as;/ RTBü depletive asset
fytMél depreciate
fvika budget, \NTan ~ budget credit,
mUlniFi ~ budget fund, karRtYtBinitü ~ budget control fvikaKµantulüPaB ¬man»nPaB¦ unbalanced budget fvikaTUeTArbs;rdæ state general budget
fvikanIykmµ budgetarization, budget
preparation, naykdæan ~ nig hirBaØkic© department of budgetarization and finance fvikaRbtibtþikar operating budget
zan³ ¬kñúg¦ sgÁm social status
famBlelIs)anBIkarpÁMúKña synergy
fasrwg hard disk (computer)
efr/ éfø constant price
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efrevlaGnueRKaH grace period (debt repayment) EfTaM/ cMNay upkeep expenses
EfTaMRKb;RKg/ kar stewardship
EfTaMsuxPaB ¬cMNay¦ medical care (expense)
EfTaMsuxPaB/ kar health care, ~ bzm primary health care (PHC)
EfTaM/ kar maintenance, cMNay ~ maintenance costs éf¶kMNt;/ dl; by the due date
éf¶Qb;sMrakmanebovtSr_ holidays with pay or paid holidays éf¶dl;kMNt;sgR)ak; date of maturity, duedate
éf¶TUTat; account day
éf¶TUTat;bBa¢I/ éf¶CMrHbBa¢I settlement day
éf¶eFVIkar working day
éf¶RbKl;R)ak; ¬QñÜl¦RbcaMRtImas quarter- day éf¶rYcput ¬Bn§¦ day-release
fñak; class, ~ eGkUnUmI¼CMnYj¼elxmYy ¬ekAGI ynþehaH¦ economy/business/ first class
fñak; grade (civil servant)
fñak;x<s; ¬zan³kargar¦ senior, m®nþI ~ senior officer fñak;qøg cross class
fñak;rg sub-class
fñaMbgáar vaccine
fñaMsMlab;stVcéRg pesticides
fµmantMél precious stones
fµIEbøk/ Edl¼PaB¼rbs; adj. & n. novelty
éfø n. price, ~ efakNas; bargain/cut price,
~ efakbMput rock bottom price, ~ RBmeRBog
agreed price, ~ lk; selling price
éfø adj. dear, expensive
éfø/ kMNt; v. price, kar ~ pricing, RbB½n§ ~ pricing system
éfø ¬RtUvbg;¦ charge, éføbnÞb; ¬RtUvbg;¦ room charge
éfø ¬lk;¦ ecjBIXøaMg ex-warehouse price
éfø ¬lk;¦ ecjBIeragcRk ex-works price, ex-factory price éfø ¬Ékta¦ unit price, rate
éføx<s;hYsRbmaN ¬éføkab;eqA¦ price cut to the bone éføKitTaMgBn§ duty paid price
éføeKal basic price
éføcrnþ current price, tarag ~ current price list éføCak;Esþg ruling prices
éføQñÜl ¬yanCMniH¦ fare, ~ x<s;¼Tab tamrdUv high/low season fare, ~ eFVIdMeNIrEteTA rWEtmk single/one way fare
éføQñÜlenACMBak; back rent
éføQñÜlGnueRKaH concessionary fare
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éfødwkCBa¢Ún freight, ~ )anbg;mun freight prepaid éfødwkCBa¢Únbg;edayGñkTTYl freight/ carriage forward éfødwkCBa¢Únbg;edayGñkepJI carriage paid
éfødwkCBa¢ÚnyktaméføTMnij ad valorem freight éfødul gross price
éføedIm cost price, cost, ~ TMnijlk;ecj
cost of goods sold, ~ plitkmµ manufacturing cost éføedImÉktabEnßm marginal cost
éføedIm,IbeBa©jTMnij/ karkMNt; clearance pricing éføEdlGacTijdUr)an accessible price
éføefakdl;)at ¬éføefakNas;¦ rock bottom price éføTak;m:Uy introductory offer
éføTMnijdwkdl;EKmnava FAS (free alongside ship) éføTMnijdwkdl;eKaledA FOB shipment to destination éføTMnijdwkdl;elInava FOB (free on board)
éføTMnijdwkdl;elInava nigerobeGay FOB trimmed éføTMnijdwkdl;elIpøÚvEdk FOR (free on rail)
éføTMnijdwkdl;elIrfynþ FOT (free on truck) éføTMnijdwkdl;Gakasyandæan FOB airport
éføTMnijdwkdl;eRkamdgeyag FOB under tackle éføTMnijbUkéføFanar:ab;rgbUkéfødwkCBa¢Ún CIF (cost, insurance, freight) éføTMnijbUkéfødwkCBa¢Ún cost and freight (C & F) éføTMnijeRbIR)as; consumer price
éføTMnijeBlehobbiThag closing price
éføRTRTg;CIvPaB cost of living
éfø Fmµta¼crnþ going price
éføeFob relative price
éføenATIpSar rW éføTIpSar market price
éføenARBMEdn border price
éfø)anRbkas quoted price
éføRbkas ¬enATIpSar¦ quotation
éføRbkaslk; offered price
éføRbkYtRbECg competitive price
éføeRbIesva ¬]> eRbIpøÚv/ s<an>>>¦ toll
éføeBj full price ( no discount)
éfømanninñakarfycuH prices are inclined to ease éføykbEnßm surcharge
éføyutþiFm’ fair price
éfølk; selling price
éfølk; ¬efak edayKittamkarbg;Casac;R)ak;¦ cash price éføelI/ kar[ ¬edIm,IRbECgTij¦ counter-offer
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éføelIRkb ¬éfølk;raycuHelIRkbesovePA/ TsSnavdþI>>>¦ cover price
éføelIbBa¢I ¬kataLúk¦ list price
éføsBVRKb; ¬éføKitbBa©ÚlRKb;mux³ TMnij/ Fanar:ab;rg/ dwkCBa¢Ún>>>¦ all-in price
éføsmRsbnwglT§PaBTijrbs;RKb;Kña prices to suit all pockets éføesva service charge
éføGtibrma ceiling price
éføGnueRKaHdl;GñkTij buyer's price
éføÉkta unit price, rate
T TkSiNRbeTs ¬RbeTsRk¦ south countries
TegVI performance
TNÐkmµ sanction, ~ esdækic© economic sanction
TNÐkmµxagvin½y disciplinary sanction
TNÐit ¬GñkCab;Bn§naKar¦ convict
TTYl/ Gñk receiver
TTYl/ Gñk ¬]> CMnYy¦ recipient, RbeTsTTYl ¬CMnYy¦ recipient country
TTYlxusRtUv/ kar responsibility, liability
TTYlxusRtUv/ PaB trusteeship
TTYlxusRtUv ¬tamc,ab;¦ cMeBaH liable for
TTYlxusRtUvKµankMrit/ kar unlimited liability
TTYlxusRtUvmankMNt;/ kar limited liability
TTYlTMnij/ Gñk consignee
TTYlRBm v. ¬lixitpøas;bþÚr/ rUbiyaNtþi¦ accept
(a bill of exchange), lixitbBa¢ak;kar ~
notification of acceptance, viBaØabnb½Rt ~
acceptance certificate, bgðajlixitedIm,I sMukarbBa¢ak; ~ present a bill for acceptance
TTYlRBmedaymanlkçxNÐ/ kar qualified acceptance TTYlRBmeday\tsMéc/ kar unqualified acceptance TTYlRBmTaMgRsug/ kar absolute acceptance
TTYlsÁal; v. acknowledge, ~ karTTYl mUlb,Tanb½Rt acknowledge receipt of a cheque TTYlsÁal;/ kar recognition, accreditation
Tn;exSay/ ksikr weak farmers, disadvantaged farmers
Tn;Pøn; flexible
T®nÞanykdI/ kar land grabbing
Tb;éfønigebovtSr_mineGayeLIg/ kar price and salary freeze Tb;sáat; v. curb
TliTÞPaB ¬m> RkIRk/ PaB¦ poverty
TsPaK decile n. (statistics), decimal
adj., elx ~ n. decimal
TsvtSr_/ CMerOnRbCaCnRbcaM decennial population census
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TsSn_lT§PaB n. rW PaBGacTsSn_Tay)an predictability
TsSn³ view, TsSn³rYm overview
TsSnkic©sikSa study tour
TsSnviC¢aesdækic© economic philosophy
TsSnvis½y outlook, perspective
TsSn³esdækic©/ tam from the economic standpoint TsSnaTan concept, conception
Tak;Tg¼Tak;Tin/ Cab; related
Tak;Taj adj. attractive, éfø ~ GtifiCn attractive price
TajcMNUl/ GRta rate of return
Tan;eBl ¬B½t’man¦ up to date (information)
TabCagéføedIm below cost
TamTar sMNgkarxUcxat¼R)ak;b:Hb:Uv v. claimcompensation TamTar/ kar demand, claim
TamTar/ EdlBMuRtUv)an unclaimed
TamTar/ Gñk claimant
TamTarKNenyüPaBBI demand accountability from
Tayk donor
TayC¢Tan endowment
TayC¢Tan allowance, ~ eGaydl;rMls; depreciation allowance
TayaT ¬GñkTTYlmrtk¦ heir
Tar ¬RbmUlR)ak;¦ collect payment, kar ~
collection, TIPñak;garTarbMNul debt collection agency Tarmin)an/ Edl irrecoverable
Tal;Rck/ PaB deadlock, TMlay ~ break the deadlock
Tij purchase, ~ eCO purchase on credit,
Tij/ kar ~ purchase
Tij/ Gñk buyer, purchaser, vendee
Tijykvij buy back, repurchase
TidæPaBxageBlevla time dimension
Tidæakar/ cuH ¬GnuBaØatcMNay¦ endorse v. (an expense) (French: viser) TinikCn ¬m> BlkrsuIR)ak;éf¶¦ day labourer
Tinñn½y data, bBa©Úl ~ v. enter data,
mUldæan ~ n. database
Tinñn½y eqA¼minTan;viPaK raw data
Tinñn½yRbPBTIBIr secondary data
Tinñpl yield
Tinñanub,vtþi journal (accounting) , b½NÑ ~ journal voucher Tis direction
TisedA direction, pþl;TisedAnigkarENnaM provide direction and guidance TisedA n. objective
TIkEnøg site
TIXkal ¬m> ry³eBlEvg¦ long term
TIcat;karKy customs house
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TIcat;karcuHbBa¢ICapøÚvkar registered office (of a company)
TIcat;karFM head office
TICMrk sanctuary
TICMral watershed TItaMg location
TIRbwkSa adviser (advisor), ~ hirBaØvtßú financial adviser TIpSar market, ~ rUbiyvtßú money/finance
market, ~ biT closed market
TIpSarkMBugpuseT,Ig emerging market
TIpSarEdleKeCOfaGIv:an;nwgcuHéfø bear market TIpSarEdleKeCOfaGIv:an;nwgeLIgéfø bull market TIpSarpþac;mux monopoly/captive market
TIpSarmankarpÁt;pÁg;eRcInCagtMrUvkar soft market TIpSarrUbiyvtßú money market
TIpSar\NTan credit market
TIPñak;gar agency, ~ CMnYy aid agency, ~
BinitülT§PaBmuneBlvinieyaK pre-investment agency
TIPñak;garKmnakar travel agency
TIPñak;gardwkCBa¢Ún forwarding agency
TIPñak;gareTscrN_ travel agency
TIPñak;garpþac;mux sole agency
TIPñak;garrUbiyvtßúkNþal central-monetary
agency TIsMGagbBa¢ak;BIxagFnaKar bank reference
TIsñak;karkNþal ¬énRkumh‘un¦ headquarters
TwkédGn; bad workmanship
TwkEt ¬R)ak;eGayeRkA¦ tip
TwkR)ak; amount, sum, ~ dul gross
amount, ~ énvikáybRt amount of invoice Twksab freshwater, karensaT ~ freshwater
fisheries RtI ~ freshwater fish
Tukcitþ/ karrMelaPesckþI abuse of trust
Tukcitþ/ EdlKYreGay trustworthy
TuqnÞ³ ill-will
TudæPaB ¬karminRBmcUlxøÜneTAtulakar¦ contumacy
TutIyta duplicate (copy)
TuTidæi/ kar)a:n;sµan pessimistic estimate
Tun capital
Tun edIm¼BUC ¬edIm,I[)anduHdal¦ seed capital TunbgVil ¬rW Tuncl½t¦ circulating/working/ trading capital, revolving fund Tunecj/ dk v. decapitalise
TunbMrug capital reserves
TunmnusS/ vinieyaK human-capital investment TunminTan;)anbg; unpaid capital
Tunm©as;h‘unFmµta equity capital
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TunvinieyaKpSgeRKaHfñak; risk capital (venture capital) TunGcl½t fixed capital
TuBVlPaB ¬m> bBa©úHKuNPaB/ kar¦ degradation
TurKtPaB poverty
TurÖikS famine
TUk boat
TUTat;/ kar settlement, ~ pþac; final
settlement, FnaKarTUTat; settlement
bank, \NTanTUTat; settlement credit
TUTat;/ karmin non-payment
TUTat;/ éf¶ account day
TUTat;/ min adj. unpaid (cheque)
TUTat;Camun/ kar advance payment
TUTat;Cavtßú/ kar payment in kind
TUTat;¼bg; R)ak;ecj v. pay out
TUTat;¼bg; pþac; v. pay off
TUTat;tamdMNak;énCMenOn ¬kargar¦/ kar progress payment TUTat;tamFnaKar/ kar bank clearing
TUTat;tamrebob em:Akar¼qaka/ kar lump-sum payment TUTat;TaMgRsug/ Edl)an fully paid up
TUTat;bMNulTaMgRsug liquidate/discharge a debt TUTat;R)ak;EdlBMuTan;)ansg/ eFVIkar clearing the arrears
TUTat;sgR)ak;CMBak;eK v. pay up
TUeTA general
TUeTA/ PaB generality
TUTaMgRbeTs nationwide
TUrKmn_/ Gasydæan telegraphic address
TUrBum< telex
TUrsar fax
TUlMTUlay adj. comprehensive
eTogTat; adj. regular, R)ak;cMNUl ~
regular income, PaB ~ regularity
eTogTat;/ Ca steadily
eTogTat;/ eday regularly
eTogTat;/ min irregular
eTogeBl/ eday periodically
eTsrdæm®nþI senior minister
eTsPaBkarBar/ tMbn; protected landscape eTas T½NмbBaØtþi penalty
eTaskmµ offence
eTasT½NÐ/ dak; v. impose/inflict a penalty
eTAvijeTAmk mutual, karCYyKña ~ mutual
assistance, manplRbeyaCn_ ~ mutual benefit TMgn;dul gross weight
TMgn;nicl rW TMgn;gab; dead-weight
TMgn;bøg; design weight
TMng/ PaB likelihood
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TMnak;TMng relation, liaison,
TMnak;TMng relation, liaison, kariyal½y ~
liaison office, ~ saFarN³ public
relations, ~ GnþrCati international relations TMnak;TMngCMnYjpþac;mux dealership
TMnas; n. conflict, ~ dIFøI land conflict,
~ plRbeyaCn_ conflict of interest
TMnij goods, ~ eRbIR)as; consumer/
consumable goods, ~ eRbIR)as;kñúgpÞH household goods, ~ eFVIedaym:asuIn
manufactured goods, ~ RbNit luxury
goods, ~ xUcKuNPaB faulty goods, ~
qøgkat;¼kñúgsþúk¼epJIeTAlk; goods in transit/ in stock/ on consignment TMnij nigesva goods and services
TMnijKµanGñkTTYl goods in abeyance
TMnijgayxUc n. perishables
TMnijRcbUkRcbl; ¬minTan;EbgEcktamRbePT¦unascertained goods TMnijdwktamnava cargo
TMnijEdlKyXat;Tuk clearance inwards
TMnijEdlputBIKyBinitü clearance outwards TMnijnaMcUl imports
TMnijnaMcUlsMrab;eRbIR)as; ¬kñúgRsuk¦ retainedimports
TMnijnaMecj exports, mux ~ export article/item TMnijbBa¢ÚntamynþehaH air cargo/freight
TMnijminKg;yUr ¬Gahar/ sarB½t’man>>>¦ non-durables TMnijmUlFn rW TMnijCaTun ¬TMnijsMrab;plit TMnijepSg²eTot¦ capital goods
TMnijlk;dac;qab; ¬gaylk;;¦ quick seller
TMnijlk;efakBiess special offer
TMnijlk;mindac;bBa¢Únmkvij sales returns, returns
TMnijGacføwgrWrab;)an fungibles
TMnukcitþ/ Cnkan;tMENgCaTI fiduciary
TMnukcitþelIrUbiyvtßú monetary confidence
TMenIbPavUbnIykmµ¼TMenIbkmµ modernisation,
eFVI ~ modernise
TMenrecal idle, em:ag ~ idle time
TMenar propensity
TMrg; profile
TMrg; nig Kti énc,ab; form and legal concepts of the law TMrg;kar formalities
TMrg;kar ¬m> nItiviFI¦ procedure
TMrg;kar ¬Éksar¦ form (document)
TMrg;kardEdl² n. routine
TMrg;EbbbT formalities
TMrg;EbbbT/ bMeBj fill in a form
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TMrg;sMbuRt layout of a letter
TMlak;GIv:an;ecalxøHedIm,IsMral ¬nava/ ynþehaH¦ jettison
TMlab;/ Ca habitual
TMlab;¼rebobrbb TIpSar market practice
TMlayPaBTal;Rck/ kar breakthrough
TMhM size, dimension, magnitude
TMenomTMlab;Ep custom of the port (COP)
TMenomTMlab;BaNiC¢kmµ commercial usage
TaMgmUl whole
RTg;RTay form
RTRTg; v. sustain, support, sV½y ~ self-
sustain, ~ CIvit sustain life
RTRTg;KñaeTAvijeTAmk/ CYy mutually supportive
RTnab;; buffer, tMbn; ~ buffer zone
RTBüCitdUcrUbiyvtßú ¬RTBüskmµEdlGacbþÚrCa rUbiyvtßú)any:aggay¦ near-liquid asset or near money RTBübeBaØIenAbreTs ¬m> RTBüskmµbreTs¦ foreign assets RTBümUlFn capital asset, cMNayelI ~ capital expenditure/investment/outlayRTBüm©as; equities
RTBürYmsM)ac;bþIRbBn§ ¬Cam©as;rYmKña¦ community property RTBüskmµ asset, ~ crnþ current asset,
~ Cab;lab; fixed asset, capital asset,
~ CarUbiyb½NÑ foreign assets (bank)
RTBüskmµbreTs foreign assets, ~ suT§ net foreign assets
RTBüskmµsuT§/ tMélBit net worth ( asset based on the present market value deducts current liabilities) RTBüsm,tiþrYmKña co-property
RTBüsm,tþi rW RTBü property, asset, Bn§elI RTBüsm,tþi¼kmµsiT§i property tax, ~ RTBü sm,tþiFmµCati natural asset
RTBüsm,tþirbs;buKÁlEdlsøab; estate
RTBüGkmµ liabilities, ~ crnþ current liabilities RTBüGacbþÚrykR)ak;)anrh½s liquid assets
RTwsþI theory
TVIk³/ RbB½n§éfø dual price system
eTVTis two-way
eTVbT ¬m> CMerIs¦
eTVPaK/ karcuHbBa¢I double entry bookeeping,
viFIcuHbBa¢IeTVPaK double-entry
eTVPaKI/ CMnYy bilateral aid/assistance
F F¶n;F¶r/ eFVIeGayrwtEt exacerbate
FnFan resource, kareRbIR)as; ~ resource
consumption, karKitKUrsMéc ~ husbanding of resources
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FnFanClpl fisheries resource
FnFanRTBürYm common property resources (CPR) FnFanFmµCati natural resource
FnFanrUbvnþ ¬GaKar/ ]bkrN_>>>¦ physical resources
FnFanesenTik genetic resources
Fnb½Rt ¬m> RkdasR)ak;¦ banknote
FnbMrug reserve, ~ mantémø reserve of
value, KNnI ~ katBVkic© reserve
requirement account, kartMrUv ~ reserve
requirements, PaK ~ reserve tranche
FnbMrugtamc,ab; legal reserves
FnbMrugbreTs foreign reserves
FnlaP annuity, CIv ~ life annuity
FnvDÆPaB ¬m> vibulPaB¦ FnvinÞ ¬m> cMeNj/ PaBman¦ FnaKar bank, ~ kNþal central bank, ~
TTYlR)ak;beBaØI deposit money bank, ~
Cati national bank, ~ epJIR)ak; bank of
deposit, FnaKarik banker
FnaKarqøgeqøIy correspondent bank
FnaKarCUndMNwg notifying bank, advisingbank FnaKarTij]bkrN_TUTat;lixitbMNul discount bank FnaKarTUTat; paying bank
FnaKarebIksar\NTan issuing/opening/ originating bank (letter of credit) FnaKare)aHpSayRkdasR)ak; issue bank
FnaKarmanRKb;esva fully fledged bank
FnaKarrYmPaKh‘un joint stock bank
FnaKar sBa¢½y¼snSM savings bank
FnaKarGBaNiC¢ non commercial bank
FnaKar\NTan credit bank
FnaKarÉkeTs specialised bank
FnaKarik banker FmµnuBaØ charter
FmµnuBaØPaB constitutionality
FmµanurUb ¬m> eBjc,ab;¦ legitimate Frman/ cUlCa come into force
FatucUl input
Fatuecj output, ~ cugeRkay¼sMerc final
output, ~ GnþrkarI intermediate output
FatupSM component
Faturwg hardware (computer)
Fana/ kar guarantee, warranty, ~ TUTat; guarantee of payment, ~ KuNPaB quality
guarantee, rUbiyaNtþiman ~ garanteed bill of exchange Fana/ R)ak; bail (money deposited to free sb from detention until the trial), b½NÑFana bail bond
Fana/ mankar secured, RTBüskmµ ~
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eBjelj assets fully secured
Fana/ rbs; collateral, security, guarantee,
~ sMrab;R)ak;kMcI guarantee for a loan
Fana/ Gñk warrantor, guarantor
Fana/ GñkTTYl)ankar warrantee
FanakarTUTat;/ R)ak; ¬bUkbEnßmsMrab;¦ del credere
Fanar:ab;rg insurance, Pñak;gar ~ insurance
agent, Rkumh‘un ~ insurance company, viBaØabnb½Rt ~ insurance certificate
Fanar:ab;rg/ kar insurance, ~ eTAvijeTAmk
mutual insurance, ~ RTBüsm,tþi property
insurance, ~ bEnßm additional insurance,
~ pøÚvsmuRT marine insurance, ~ elIeRKaH fñak; accident insurance, ~ elICIvit life
insurance, ~ elIPar³TTYlxusRtUv liability
insurance, ~ haniP½yRKb;RbePT all-risks
insurance, ~ haniP½ybgáedaysRgÁam war-
risk insurance, ~ eRKaHGKÁIP½y fire insurance Fanar:ab;rgdNþb;minsBV/ kar undercoverage(insurance) Fanar:ab;rgbnþ/ ¬kar¦ reinsurance
Fanik/ tMél ¬m> tMélTIpSar¦ Furkic© business
FurCn businessman/woman
Fur³bnÞan;/ edayman distress, karlk; ~ distress sale Føak;cuH/ kar drop
Føak;cuHy:agKMhuk v. ¬]>éføplitpl¦ fall sharply/abruptly Føak;cuHyWt²/ kar decline
Føak;cuHesdækic©/ kar economic recession/
downturn, ~ Caskl global economic recession Føak;¼Føak;cuH v. decrease, karFøak;éfø decrease in price Føak;éfø v. depreciate
Føak;éfø/ kar fall in prices, price decrease
eFVIkareBjem:ag v. work full-time
eFVIkarminekIt/ Edl unfit for work
eFVIkarmineBjem:ag v. work part time
eFVIkarem:agbEnßm v. work overtime
eFVIEkøgkøay/ kar falsification
eFVIcMNakRsuk rW cakRsuk BI¼eTA v. migrate from/to eFVItam ¬m> Rbtibtþitam¦ comply
eFVIviPaCn_ v. ¬m> élEck¦ allocate
eFVIskmµPaBrYmKña v. ¬edIm,IsMerceKaledAGVI mYy¦ act in concert
eFVIGc©½yTanCaclnvtßú v. bequeath
eFVIeGaymansmPaB/ kar equalisation
eFVsRbEhs/ kar negligence, ~ F¶n;F¶r gross negligence
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n nKrUbnIykmµ urbanisation, RksYgerobcM EdndI ~ nigsMNg; Ministry of Land Management, Urbanisation and Construction (MLMUC) nBVnþ arithmetic, mFüm ~ arithmetic mean
neya)ay/ kmµviFI ¬rbs;KNbkS¦ political platform (of a party) neya)ayrUbiyvtßú monetary policy
neya)aysareBIBn§ fiscal policy
nrCati ¬m> mnusSCati¦ anthropology nantþþPaB ¬m> GtulüPaB¦ namkrN_GaCIvkmµ business name
namb½NÑ business card
namvlI ¬matika¦ nomenclature
nayk director, GKÁ ~ director-general
naykRkumh‘un chief executive
naykRKb;RKg managing director
naykrg deputy manager
nayTun capitalist
narsar messenger
narakrN_/ TukCa v. abrogate
navaPNÐ cargo
nikmµkalik temporary unemployment
nikmµCn ¬m> GñkGt;kareFVI¦ n. unemployed
nikmµPaB ¬m> Gt;kareFVI, PaB¦ unemployment,
R)ak;]btßmÖcMeBaH ~ unemployment benefit,
~ tamrdUv seasonal unemployment
nikçitP½NÐ deposit, ~ Fana guaranteed deposit niekçb mortgage
niekçbKahk mortgagee
nic©PaB perpetuity
niCatUbnIykmµ denationalization
nitüanukUlPaB legality
niTNÐPaB impunity, vb,Fm’ ~ culture of impunity
niTsSn_ prospect
niT§½n ¬m> kS½yFn¦ bankrupt
niT§nPaB ¬m> PaBkS½yFn¦ bankruptcy
ninñakar tendency, ~ fycuH downward
tendency, ~ ekIneLIg rising/upward tendency ninñakar trend, ~ TIpSar market trend
ninñakarneya)ay political affiliation
ninñivarN_ ¬m> h‘u¿B½TÐu/ kar¦ nibulniym Malthusianism
nimitþsBaØasMKal;zan³ status symbol
nimitþehtu symptom
nimµabnkmµ ¬m> sßabtükmµ¦ architecture
nimµitkmµ policy formulation
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niytkmµ regionalisation, normalisation
niytkr regulator
niytPaB regularity
niymmYyRKa²/ GVIEdleK fad
niyamkar ¬ry³TTwg/ ry³beNþay¦ coordinates nieyaCk employer
nieyaCit employee, EdlykcitþTukdak;eTA elI ~ employee oriented
nirnþrPaB continuity
nirRbevsn_ ¬m> CncMNakRsuk¦ migrant
nivtþCn retiree
nivtþn_/ karcUl retirement
nivasCn rW nivasnCn resident
nivasdæan rW nivasndæan residence
nievTnb½NÑ manifest, manifesto nisSnÞ/ ]bkrN_ derivative instrument (banking) nisSnÞvtßú by-product
nisSarNkmµ extraction, ~ FüÚgfµ coal extraction
niharin ¬m> naMecj/ Gñk¦ exporter
nItikmµ legislation
nItikal ¬sPa¦ legislature (parliament)
nItibuKÁl legal entity/person
nItiBn§ ¬m> GñkeFVIc,ab;¦ nItirdæ rule of law
nItirYm general regulations
nItiviFI procedure, ~ eGayx©IR)ak; lending procedures
nItiviFIRbtibtþikarsþg;dar standard operating procedures nItism,Ta rehabilitation, KMerag ~ rehabilitation project nItisarCati legal substance (French: nature juridique) nItüanukUl legal
nItüanukUlkmµ/ eFVI v. legalise, authenticate
nItüanukUlPaB legality nIrP½y ¬m> suvtßiPaB¦ safety
nIhr½N export, ]btßmÖFn ~ export subsidy nIhr½Nkmµ ¬m> naMecj/ kar¦ nuy n. bait, eRbIluyCa ~ use money as a bait ensaT/ kar fishery, fishing
ensaTRtIhYsRbmaN/ kar overfishing
ensaTsmuRT marine fisheries
enAKrminTan;eFVI/ kargar backlog
naMcUl import, GaCJab½NÑ ~ import permit,
Gñk ~ importer, Bn§ ~ import duty
naMcUl¼naMecj edaypÞal;/ kar direct import/export naMecj export, GaCJab½NÑ ~ export licence,
Bn§ ~ export duty, taragBn§ ~ export tariff,
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BaNiC¢kmµ ~ export trade
naMecj/ kar exportation or export, ~ pþac;muxmonopoly export, ~ Blkmµ export of workers naMecj/ Gñk exporter, Rkumh‘unnaMecj exporting firm naMecjbnþ/ kar re-exportation
naMmuxeK leading, GaMgDIkaT½r ~ leading indicator naMmuxeKelITIpSar/ plitpl¼Rkumh‘un market leader naMeGay v. prompt
b bktikmµ ¬m> RbRktIPaBkmµ¦ bkáPaB maturity
bkSRbqaMg opposition (party)
bg;Casac;R)ak;/ karsMu cash offer
bg;R)ak;FanaxøÜn v. bail out
bg;R)ak;eBlbBa¢aTij cash with order (CWO) bgálkçN³gayRsYl v. facilitate
bgák freeze, kar ~ ebovtSr_ ¬mineGaycuHeLIg¦/ wage freeze
bgáb; hidden, FnbMrug ~ hidden reserves
bgáan;éd receipt
bgáarkMeNIt/ kar contraception
begáIt/ kar creation, establishment
begáItR)ak;cMNUl/ skmµPaB income-generating activities
bgçMeGayTUTat; v. enforce payment bgçMeGayGnuvtþ/ dak; v. enforce
bgÁrTuk v. accumulate, rMls; ~ accumulated depreciation
bRgYbbRgYm v. unify, kar ~ unification
bgViltMél/ kar ¬mYyqñaMKitmþgCakardwgKuN dl;GtifiCn¦ rebate
bgVilTun/ kar circulation of capital
bgVilvijTan;eBl timely return (of a
cheque,...) ¬nUvmUlb,Tanb½Rt/>>>¦
bgVilsgR)ak;Bn§/ kar ¬Edl)anbg;elIs¦ remission of taxes
bgVilsgvij/ Edlmin non-refundable
bgVileGayvij v. relinquish
bgVwk/ kar coaching
bEgVrépÞkñúg internal transfer
bgðaj v. present
begðIy/ kar completion bg¥g;/ kar check, bg¥g;karnaMcUl put a check on imports bg¥ak;/ kMlaMg restraining force
bg¥ak;Twkcitþ/ eRKOg disincentive
bEg¥k/ mnÞIreBTü referral hospital
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bc©½yrg side effect
bec©keTs technique, ~ bRgYmsÞÜn double-
deflation technique, ~ GaMgDIkaT½reTal single indicator technique bec©keTsBinitüvaytMél KMerag¼kmµviFI PERT(Programme Evaluation and Review Techniques)
bec©kviTüax<s;/ vis½y high-tech sector
bec©kviTüa technology, ~ fñak;kNþal
intermediate technology, ~ TijBIeK licensed technology, ~ EbbepSg alternative technology, ~ B½t’man information technology (IT), ~ B½t’man nigTUrKmnaKmn_ information and communication technology (ICT) bc©úb,nñPaB/ eFVI v. update
bcäakal/ kñúg a posteriori
bcäaCn descendant
bBa©PaK ¬sßiti¦ quintile
bBa©b; ¬kargar¦/ kar termination
bBa©aM v. pawn
bBa©Úl ¬Kña¦/ kar amalgamation
bBa©ÚlXøaMg put in warehouse, lay in stock
bBa©ÚlCasaxa ¬Rkumh‘un¦/ kar absorption
bBa©úuHtMélrUbiyvtßú/ kar devaluation
bBa©úHKuNPaB/kar degradation
bBa©úHtMél v. ¬]> kñúgkarBüakrN_tMélsnøwk
h‘un¦ downgrade
bBa©úHéfø v. mark down
beBa©j v. release
beBa©jedImTun/ Gñk backer
bBa¢r counter, ~ lk;TMnij selling counter
bBa¢a order, b½NѼkar bBa¢aTij purchase order bBa¢ak; v. specify
bBa¢ak;/ FnaKar confirming bank
bBa¢ak;xagxñg/ Kµan unendorsed
bBa¢ak;CaBaküeBCn_ articulate
bBa¢ak;¼GHGag bEnßm v. corroborate
bBa¢ak;fa)anTTYl/ esckþI acknowledgement (of receipt) bBa¢ak;faBit v. validate
bBa¢ak;éfø/kar confirmation of price
bBa¢ak;nUvkarbBa¢aTij/ kar confirmation of order bBa¢aTij/ kar buying order
bBa¢aTijdMu bulk order
bBa¢aTijEfmeTot/ kar ¬muxTMnijdEdl¦ repeat order bBa¢alk; selling order
bBa¢I list
bBa¢I n. register, ~ BaNiC¢kmµ commercial register bBa¢IexµA blacklist
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bBa¢IKNenyü books of accounts
bBa¢IeQµaHGñkkan;sBaØab½NÑrbs;Rkumh‘un register of debenture bBa¢Iéfølk; tariff
bBa¢ITMnijdwkCBa¢Ún cargo list
bBa¢IbUkRtYt cumulated list
bBa¢IR)ak;ecjcUl cash book (CB)
bBa¢IrayeQµaH directory
bBa¢Ievcx©b; packing list
bBa¢IsareBIP½NÐeBlkS½yFn statement of affairs bBa¢IsMnYr ¬sMrab;sMPasn_¦ questionnaire
bBa¢I GñkdMeNIr¼TMnijdwkCBa¢Ún ¬tamynþehaH rW nava¦ manifest
bBa¢Ún ¬sar¦/ kar transmission
bBa¢Ún¼bBa¢ÚnTMnij v. dispatch, kar ~ n. dispatch bBa¢ÚnRtLb; v. return, mUlb,Tanb½Rt ~
returned cheque, TMnij ~ returns
bBa¢ÚnTMnij forward goods v.
bBa¢ÚnTMnij/ kar consignment, lixit ~ consignment note bBa¢ÚnTMnij/ Gñk consignor
bBa¢ÚnTMnijCabeNþIr²/ kar instalment shipment bBaÄb; ¬buKÁlik¦ discharge
bBaÄb;/ KNnI blocked account
bBaÄb; ¬GaCIvkmµ¦/ kar termination
bBaÄb;buKÁlik lay off
bBaÄb;BIIkargar v. dismiss, kar ~ dismissal
bBaÄb;GaCIvkmµ/ kar cessation of business
bBaÄr/kareFVIsmahrNkmµ vertical integration (company)
bBaØtþi prescription
bBaØtþi rW bTb,BaØtþii provision (law)
bBaØtþisgÁm social strictures
beBaØI/ bgáan;édTTYlR)ak; deposit receipt
beBaØI/ RbkasnIyb½Rt certificate of deposit beBaØI/ R)ak; deposit, ~ crnþ demand
deposit, ~ snSM savings deposit
beBaØIcrnþ/R)ak; demand deposit bRBa¢ab v. mainstream
bRBa©as/ cuH contra-transfer
bBaðaRbQm challenge
bBaðasøab;rs; life or death issue
bdikar reciprocity
bdiekaslvic©½y counter valuation
bdiKÁahk donee
bdiduløarUbnIykmµ de-dollarisation
bdiniy½tkmµ/ eFVI v. deregulate
bdiPaK counterpart, ~ bdiPaK contra account
bdiPaKI counter party
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bdirUb specimen
bdilaP ¬m> cMNUl¦ income
bdivtþn_ébtg green revolution
bdivaTkmµ contradiction
bdiesF/ kar refusal, ~ karTTYlRBm refusal of acceptance bdiesFbgÁab;munecal n. countermand
bdiesF)an/ minGac irrevocable,
sar\NTan ~ irrevocable letter of credit
bdiesFelxna cancel an entry (accounting) bznP½NÐ apparatus
bzm primary, tMrUvkar ~ primary need
bNþak;Tun/ kar ¬m> vinieyaK¦ investment
bNþaj grid
bNþaj network, grid, ~ GKÁIsnI power grid/network
bNþaleGay v. cause, prompt
bNþwg rW BakübNþwg complaint
bNþwgvivaT litigation
bNþwgsaFarN³ prosecution
bNþúM set ( a set of goals)
bNþúHbNþal/ kar training, ~ P¢ab;nwgkargar on-the job training, ~ dac;BIkargar ¬]> enAmhaviTüal½y¦ off-the job training
bNþúHbNþalviC¢aCIIv³/ kar vocational training
beNþaHGasnñ temporary, interim,
b½NÑFanar:ab;rg ~ temporary cover,
rdæaPi)al ~ interim government
bNÐit/fñak; Ph.D. degree
b½NÑkmµsiT§i title deed, ~ dI land title
b½NÑkmµsiT§iykCakarmin)an bad title
b½NÑkargar labour card
b½NÑcMNay voucher, ~ ebLa cash voucher or petty-cash voucher, ~
mUlb,Tanb½Rt cheque voucher
b½NÑCMBak;R)ak; promissory note
b½NÑdwkCBa¢ÚnTMnij bill of lading (B/L)
b½NÑdwkCBa¢ÚnpøÚvGakas air bill of lading, airway bill, air-consignment note b½NÑdwkCBa¢Únminl¥ foul bill of lading
b½NÑtMNagR)ak; voucher
b½NÑRtYtBinitürbs;Ky clearance certificate b½NÑTTYlTMnij delivery receipt
b½NÑTTYlRBmedayFnaKar bank acceptance b½NÑFanaKuNPaB certificate of guarantee
b½NÑFanar:ab;rgbeNþaHGasnñ temporary cover (insurance) b½NÑFanar:ab;rgelIhaniP½yRKb;RbePT full cover (insurance)
b½NÑbBa¢aTij order form/slip
b½NÑbBa¢aTijmin)anGnuvtþ unfilled orders
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b½NÑbBa¢aeGayRbKl;TMnij delivery order
b½NÑbþÚrR)ak; letter of exchange
b½NÑpÞúkTMnijRtwmRtUv ¬KµankMNt;RtaBITMnij xus¼xUceT¦ clean bill of lading
b½NÑpÞúkTMnijnava bill of lading (B/L)
b½NÑrtnaKar treasury bond
b½NÑsgR)ak; acquittance roll
b½NÑsnüaFanar:ab;rgmankalkMNt; time policy b½NÑsnüar:ab;rg insurance policy
b½NÑ snüasg¼CMBak;R)ak; promissory note
b½NÑsresrepJIR)ak; deposit slip
b½NÑsac;R)ak; cash card
b½NÑsMeNA\NTan credit slip
b½NÑGnuBaØat warrant
b½NÑ\NTan credit card
bNÑaFikar manager, ~ rg undermanager
bt;Ebn)an/Edl flexible
btüab½n extradition
bTdæan norm
bTENnaMsþIBIebovtSr_nigéfø directives on wages and prices bTbgðaj presentation
bTb,BaØtiTUeTA general provisions
bTbBa¢a instruction, regulations, ~ épÞkñúginternal regulations bTbBa¢a RbtisiT§iCn¼Gñksñgkar trustee
ordinance bTbBa¢aépÞkñúg by-laws (see also articles of association), internal rules bTBiesaFn_ experience
bTmCÄwm ¬kMritTabCagbT]Rkidæ¦ misdemeanour bTelµIs offence
bTelµIsc,ab;Ky customs breach
bTelµIsRBhµT½NÐ crime
bTsMPasn_ n. interview, ~ Bak;kNþal erobry semi-structured interview
bT]Rkidæ felony
bnþ/ dMNak;kalCa succeeding stage
bnþBUC/ énkar adj. reproductive, suxPaB bnþBUC reproductive health
bnþeBl ¬eGay¦/ kar extension
bnþrhUt rW bnþCab; adj. continuous
bnþevn/ Gñk successor
bnþeLIgvijnUvkarnaMecj/ kar ¬eRkay)anp¥ak mYyry³¦ resumption of exports
bnþGaCJab½NÑ v. renew a licence
bnßy ¬éfø/ Bn§¦ n. abate, kar ~ abatement
bnßydl;kMritGb,brma v. minimise
bnßyfvikabnþicmþg² v. pare the budget
bnßyéfø/ kar ¬cMeBaHGtifiCnEdlTijeRcIn¦ rebate
bEnßm additional, supplementary,
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buBVlaP ~ additional premium bEnßm/ GVIEdl addendum, c,ab;sþIBIc,ab; bEnßm law on addendum
bnÞan; urgent, immediate, kñúgkrNI ~ in
case of emergency, tMrUvkar ~ urgent
need, TisedA ~ immediate objective
bnÞab;bnSM secondary, incidental, minor,
tMrUvkar ~ secondary need
bnÞúk burden,~ Psþútag burden of proof,
~ Bn§ tax burden
bnÞúkcMNay ¬rW bnÞúk¦ charge, cost,
~ cMeBaH GñkeRbIR)as; user costs, ~ Fana r:ab;rgsgÁm social-insurance cost,
~ Rbtibtþikar operational costs, ~ m:ahSúI Nal; marginal cost, ~ hirBaØvtßú financial charge/cost bnÞúkBn§ tax burden
bnÞúkBn§fycuHTabbMput/ kareFVIeGay tax minimisation bnÞúksgÁm social cost
bn§Úr v. ¬sMBaF¦ release
bnøM/ Gñk ¬]> Bn§¦ defrauder
bnSay ¬]> ]sµ½nBul¦ emission
bnSúT§ v. purify
bnSúI ¬Kña¦ v. catalyse
bnSúI v. reconcile
bmaNnIykmµ ¬m> sþg;darUbnIykmµ¦ standardisation
bmaNPaK ¬m> kUta¦ quota
bmaNIykrN_/eFVI ¬m> bBa¢ak;¼GHGag bEnßm¦ corroborate bmanIyKuNPaB rW sþg;darKuNPaB quality standard breTs foreign, RTBüGkmµ ~ foreign
liabilities (bank), RTBüskmµ ~ suT§ net foreign assets brmti paradox
braC½y/ TTYl v. founder
brikb, speculation, ~ esdækic© economic speculation
brikarN_ ¬m> bribT¦ context
brikçarFunF¶n; heavy equipment
briBaØab½Rt/ fñak; bachelor's degree
britþprNa deflation, KMlat ~ deflationary
gap, snÞsSn_ ~ deflator, eFVI ~ esdækic© deflate the economy
briFan apparatus, instrument
bribT/ brikarN_ context
bri)al boss, patron
briplitkmµ overproduction
brimaN quantity, viFIsaRsþviPaKtamEbb ~ quantitative method
brimaNTMnijnaMecj ¬rW naMcUl¦ volume of exports (or imports)
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briyaTan cost
briyaTanpÞal; direct cost
briyab½nñ/ Ca ¬m> rab;bBa©Úl/ Edl¦ inclusive
briyayb½NÑ prospectus
brilaP ¬m> R)ak;bMNac;muxtMENg¦ emolument brivcäkarI ¬m> CMnYykar¦ assistant
briviskmµmUlb½Rt subscribing to securities
brisßan environment, plb:HBal; ~
environmental impact, kic©karBar ~
environmental protection, snþisux ~
environment security, karemIlcMNuc sMxan;kñúg ~ environment scan
brisßanrUbvnþ physical environment
brihaekrþ×/ karsresr libel
bhar½k drawer
bharit drawee
)ak;Twkcitþ/ Blkr discouraged worker
)ak;Ebk/ GIva:n; ¬minrab;CaRTBüskmµeTenA eBleFVIsareBIP½NЦ breakages
)ak;EbksgÁm/ PaB social polarisation
)a:tg;/ b½NÑ patent licence
)a:tg;/ Bn§ business licence tax
)at;edayKµankarBnül; adj. unaccounted for
)at;bg;/ kar loss
)at;bg;smtßPaB/ kar incapacity, ~ xag bBaØa¼
kaysm,Ta mental/physical incapacity
)at;bg;GñkmanCMnaj/ kar brain drain
)at;bg;ÉkÉg ¬edayFmµCati¦ natural loss
)atuPaBdIFøIøI land dispute, KN³kmµkaredaH Rsay ~ land dispute settlement committee )atuPUteRKaHfñak;manlkçN³CaRbB½n§ systematic-risk phenomenon )anKitbEnßm accrued, cMnUl¼cMnay karR)ak; ~ accrued interest income/expense
)anbg;Bn§/ Edl duty paid, TMnij)anbg;Bn§ duty-paid goods
)a:n;sµan v. estimate, R)ak;cMeNj ~ estimated profit )a:n;sµansamBaØminlMeGog/ kar simple unbiased estimate ):ar:aEm:Rt parameter
bidæielx ¬m> cMNarxñg¦ endorsement bidæielx/ GñkeFVI ¬m> carxñg ¬Éksar¦/ Gñk¦ endorser biTKNnI v. close an account
biTCit/ esdækic© ¬rdæRtYtRtatwgruwgelIBaNiC¢kmµ nighirBaØvtßú¦ closed economy
biTbBa¢I/ kar closing the books
buKÁl person, individual, karFanar:ab;rg ~
individual insurance, , rUbvnþ ~
physical/natural person, nIti ~ legal person/entity
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buKÁlik personnel, staff, GtßRbeyaCn_pþl; eGay ~ personnel benefits
buKÁlik ¬rdæ¦ Cab;kic©snüa contract (public) employee buKÁlikkariyal½y office personnel, white-collar worker buKÁlikeRcInhYs/ Edlman overstaffed
buKÁlikrdæ government employee
buKÁliklkçN³ ¬KYrkt;sMKal;¦ personality
buRtsm<½n§ ¬Rkumh‘unemkan;kab;h‘unCag 50°¦ subsidiary (company) bunvnkar ¬m> kardaMéRBeQIeLIgvij¦ reforestation bunsmahrNkmµxagsgÁmkic© social reintegration
bunhirBaØb,Tan refinancing (loan)
buBVCn ancestor
buBVlkçxNÐ prerequisite
buBVlaP premium, bonus, ~ Fanar:ab;rg
insurance premium, ~ bEnßm additional premium buBVsiT§i privilege (special right)
buerRbTan ¬R)ak;ebIkeGaymun¦ advance, R)ak; ~ advance money, ~ edaymanvtßúFana advance on securities, ~ sMGagelIÉksar advance on documents bursRsþI/ tYnaTI ¬m> eynD½r¦ gender
buer pre-, ~ GgÁr pre-Angkor, ~ lkçxNÐ
precondition buervinicä½y prejudice
buersm,Tan/ sareBIP½NÐ pre-concession inventory buersI ¬m> Gñkrukrk Er:>>>¦ prospector bunnIhr½N re-export
bunnIhr½Nkmµ re-exportation
bUksrubKNnI v. balance an account
bUrNPaBEdndI territorial integrity
ebIkRkumh‘unfµIedaylk;snøwkh‘unrbs;Rkumh‘unenaH/ karcab;epIþm flotation of a new company
ebIkcMh ¬eq<aHeTAxageRkA¦/ RbeTs outward-looking country
ebIkTUlayvis½yBaNiC¢kmµ open the trade sector ebIkpþl;R)ak;/ kar disbursement, KNnIray mux ~ disbursement account, kalviPaK ebIkpþl;R)ak; disbursement schedule
ebovtSr_ salary, wage, pay, kMcIelI ~ ¬RtUvTar mkvij¦ salary loan, snÞsSn_ ~ salary index
~ cab;epþImbMerIkar starting salary
ebovtSr_/ bBa¢I¼tarag payroll
ebovtSr_/ GñkeFVIkaryk wage-earner
eb bale (of cloth, cotton ... )
ebtikP½NÐ patrimony, ~ Cati national patrimony/heritage ebskkmµ mission, lixitbBa¢a ~ mission
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letter, esckþIRbkas ~ mission statement,
~ BinitüeLIgvij review mission, ~ elIk mti formulation mission, ~ EsVgrkkarBit fact-finding mission ebLa petty-cash fund
ebLakr/ ebLaFikar cashier, teller (in a bank) EbgEckR)ak;cMeNj/ kar profit sharing
EbgEck v. divide, apportion, distribute,
kar ~ Blkmµ division of labour, R)ak; cMeNjmin ~ undivided profits
EbgEckKuNPaB/ kar grading
EbgEckPaKh‘un/ kar allotment of shares
EbgEckeLIgvij/ kar redistribution
EbbbT formalities, bMeBj ~ fulfil formalities
EbbbT manner
EbbbTniym red tape
EbbbTénkarvinieyaK modality of investment EbbbTRbtibtþikar modus operandi
EbbbTpþl;hirBaØb,Tan financing modalities
bMNg intention
bMNgGaRkk; ill-will
bMNinCIvit life skill
bMNul debt, kUn ~ debtor, em ~ debt
holder, smaPaK ~ debt ratio, ~ Cati national debt, ~ man¼Kµan dak;RTBüFana secured/unsecured debt, ~ Tarmin)an
irrecoverable debt, ~ Bi)akTar¼GaRkk; bad debt, ~ sgS½y doubtful debt
bMNul liability
bMNuledaHdUrnwgFmµCati debt-for-nature swaps bMNulyWty:avminTan;sg arrears
bMENgEck apportionment
bMEbkray/ düaRkam dispersion diagram
bMEbkGgÁpSM/ kar disaggregation
bMe)a:g inflate, éfø ~ inflated price
bMEbøg/ kar transformation (products ...)
bMpuskarPJak;rlwk v. sensitise
bMpusTwkcitþ v. motivate
bMBan v. contravene
bMBanelInItiviFI/ kar abuse of process
bMBul/ kar pollution, ~ xül; air pollution
bMeBjxat/ R)ak; subsidy, subvention
bMeBjTMrg;EbbbT fill in a form
bMeBjEbbbTKy ¬edIm,InaMcUl rW naMecjTMnij¦ clear goods through customs bMeBjeLIgvij v. replenish
bMeBjeGayKñµaeTAvijeTAmk/ Edl complementary bMPan;/ Edl fallacious
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bMPitbMP½y v. intimidate
bMPøI clarify
bMrugxVH/ R)ak; deficient reserves
bMrugTuk reserved, éRB ~ reserved forest
bMerIGaCIBeGayxøÜnÉg/ Cn self-employed people bMErbMrYl n. variation
bMlas;esdækic© ¬BiessBIrcnasm<½n§eyaFamk rcnasm<½n§esdækic©minEmneyaFa¦ economic conversion b:HTgÁic/ kar shock, kar ~ xagkargar employment shock, kar ~ xaghirBaØvtßú financial shocks b:Hb:Uv/ kar compensation
b:Hb:Uvvij v. offset
e)aHeqñat/ kar vote, poll, ~ sMEdgkarTukcitþ vote of confidence
e)aHeqñatedayelIkéd/ kar show of hands
e)aHeqñatsaCafµI/ kar re-election
e)aHeqñateLIgvij/ kar by-election ( to replace an elected official who has died or resigned) e)aHeqñateGayKNbkSepSg/ kar ¬eRkABI KNbkSxøÜn¦ cross-voting
e)aHRtabiT v. seal
e)aHbg; v. abandon, relinquish
e)aHbg;/ kar abandonment, ~ muxCMnYj ¬GVI mYy¦ abandonment of a trade
e)aHbg;ecalkic©snüa/ kar ignore the contract, avoidance of contract e)aHbg;Parkic©/ kar dereliction of duty
e)aHR)ak;kak; v. coin (make coins out of metal) e)aHpSay/ rUbiyvtßú currency issued
e)aHpSay/ kar ¬RkdasR)ak;¦issuance
e)aHBum<pSay v. publish
bþwg TamTarRTBübBa©aM¼TamTarniekçbRTBü¼ GMNUs foreclose v. the mortgage
bþwg v. sue
bþwgecaTRbkan;/kar prosecution
bþwgtv:a/ Gñk complainant
bþwgtampøÚvtulakarcMeBaH v. take legal action against ebþCJa/ kar ¬karsnüadac;Nat;¦ commitment
bþÚr/ kar conversion, GRta ~ conversion price/rate bþÚr¼lk; ykR)ak; ¬]> sBaØab½NѦ redeem
bþÚrevnkargar/ kar job rotation
RbkarFanaTUTat; del credere clause
Rbkas \NBn§¼\NTan debit/credit advice
Rbkas/ kar¼esckþI declaration, proclamation RbkasCa saFarN³¼pøÚvkar BI cMeNj¼kMhat post a profit/loss Rbkas¼RbtievTn_/ tMél)an declared value
Rbkaséfø/ kar quotation, ~ snøwkh‘un share
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quotation RbkasFnaKar bank statement
RbkasnIyb½Rt¼)a:tg; ¬GnuBaØat[RbkbGaCIvkmµ¦ patent RbkaspSay rW RbkaspSayCasaFarN³ v. publish
RbkasB½t’man press release
RbkYt/ kar contest
RbkYtRbECgRtwmRtUv/ eKalkarN_ principle of fair competition RbkYtRbECg v. compete
RbkYtRbECg/ kar competition, ~ esrI free
competition, pSar ~ competitive
market, éfø ~ competitive price
RbkYtRbECg/ PaB competitiveness
RbEkkdac;Ghgáar/ kar flat denial
RbRktI/ PaBmin ¬mankMhus¦ irregularities (mistakes) RbRktI/ min irregular
RbRktIPaBkmµ normalisation
ERbRkLas;)an/ minGac adj. irreversible
ERbRkLas;)an/ Gac adj. reversible
RbKl; v. deliver, ~ enAkEnøg)anbg;Bn§ehIydelivered at duty paid, ~ enARBMEdn
delivered at frontier, ~ TMnijeBlmankar TUTat; delivery against payment, ~ TMnij tamdMNak;kal delivery by instalments,
kar ~ delivery, karmin ~ non-delivery
RbKl;eGay/ kar ¬]>kat;eGayeTAm©as;bMNul¦ cession
RbKl;kic©snüaeGay award a contract
RbKl;TMnijxVH/ kar short delivery
RbKl;TMnijRbKl;R)ak; cash on delivery (COD) RbKl;R)ak;eBl)anTTYlÉksar cash against document (CAD) RbcaMEx monthly, cMNUl ~ monthly income RbcaMqñaM annual, KMeragfvika ~ annual budget RbcaMRtImas quarterly adj. & adv.
RbcaMéf¶ daily, cMnUllk; ~ daily sales return
RbqaMg anti, mInRbqaMgmnusS anti-personnel mine
RbqaMg rW CMTas; opposition
RbqaMgnwgkarlk;bgçÚcéfø anti-dumping, Bn§ ~ anti-dumping duty RbCaCn population, eKalneya)ay ~ population policy RbCaCneRcInhYs overpopulation
RbCaCnedIm indigenous people
RbCaCnminEmnGñkTIRkug non-urban population
RbCaCnsamBaØ ordinary people, grassroots
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RbCaCati nation
RbCanuvDÆn_ democratisation
RbCaFibetyüPavUbnIykmµ democratisation
RbCaPiftik³ ¬m> GñkbeBa©IcraRsþ¦ demagogue
RbECg/ Gñk ¬éfø/ TIpSar>>¦ competitor
RbECgtamKMrUl¥/ kar emulation
RbCMu/kar meeting
Rbdab;Rbdar tool, ~ eRbIR)as;kñúgpÞH ¬BiesspÞH)ay¦ utensil
RbDit/ cMeNj imaginary profit
RbNit luxury, TMnij ~ luxury goods,
BaNiC¢kmµvtßú ~ luxury trade
RbtiRkanþelxna/ eFVI reverse an entry, contra-transfer RbtiXat repercussion (of an incident)
RbtiTin calendar, time schedule, qñaM ~ calendar year Rbtibdivtþn_ counter-revolution
Rbtibtþi adj. executive, nayk ~
executive director, KN³kmµaFikar ~ executive committee
Rbtibtþi/ dak;eGay v. enforce, Gacdak; eGay¼mantMél ~ enforceable, kardak; eGay ~ enforcement
Rbtibtþikr operator
Rbtibtþikar operation, ~ Fanar:ab;rg insurance operation
Rbtibtþikar ¬CMnYj¦ transaction
RbtibtþikarelIrUbiyvtßú currency operation
RbtibtþikarKitCa luy¼rUbiyvtßú monetary transaction Rbtibtþitam v. comply, kar ~
compliance, karmin ~ non-compliance
RbtiPUkmµGMNac delegation of power
RbtiPUkmµGMNac/ eFVI v. delegate power
Rbtimti paradox
RbtievTn_ declaration, ~ Ky customs declaration
Rbtiskmµ retroactive, \T§iBl ~ retroactive effect RbtisiT§iCn trustee (one to whom a right has been assigned by will, gift... French: ayant cause) RbtiRsut authorised, recognised, licensed,
FnaKar ~ authorised bank, buKÁl ~ authorised person RbtiGaNtþi/ ecj n. countermand
RbfuyRbfan v. risk, take risk, PaB ~ n. risk
RbQmmuxKña/ kar confrontation, karRbCMu ~ confrontation meeting
RbeTslUtlas;ticCageK least developed countrries (LDCs)
RbeTsGn;fy underdeveloped countries
RbeTsGnaPivDÆn_ underdeveloped countries
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RbTaMgRbeTIsépÞkñúg/ Edl paradoxically
RbFan chairman, ~ GgÁRbCMu chairman of the meeting RbFanskþi force majeure, act of God
RbFansþITI acting chairman/chairwoman
RbB½n§/ Ca systematic, karcuHbBa¢IdIFøI ~ systematic land registration RbB½n§/ bTBiesaFn_manlkçN³Ca structured experience RbB½n§kat;R)ak;dak;shCIBedaynieyaCk checkoff RbB½n§éføBIr dual price system
RbB½n§TUTat; payment systems
RbB½n§TUTat;bNþak; instalment system
RbB½n§nIykmµ systematise
RbB½n§bþÚrR)ak;tamsþg;darmas gold-standardsystem RbB½n§Rbtibtþikar operative system
RbB½n§pSBVpSay ¬B½t’man¦ mass media
RbB½n§Bn§kat;TukelIR)ak;ebovtSr_ pay as you earn (PAYE) RbB½n§Bn§fycuH ¬fyGRtaBn§enAeBlcMNUl ekIneLIg¦ regressive tax system
RbB½n§Bn§smamaRt proportional tax system
RbB½n§erobcMÉksar filing system
RbB½n§smamaRt ¬e)aHeqñat¦ system of proportional representation
RbB½n§sareBIP½NÐnirnþn_ perpetual inventory system RbB½n§sV½yBRgwg self-reinforcing system
RbBlkmµ rW RbBlvb,kmµ/ intensification,
~ ksikmµ agricultural intensification
RbBlkmµedImTun ¬EdleRbITun¼m:asIun eRcIn¦ capital intensive RbéBNI/ Ca adj. traditional, rebobrs;enA ~ traditional way of life
RbRBwtþxus v. act wrongly, infringe
RbRBwtþi ¬xøÜn¦/ kar conduct
RbRBwtþikmµ n. treatment
RbPBedIm origin, viBaØabnb½Rt ~ certificate
of origin, RbeTs ~ country of origin
RbePT type, category
RbePTesÞIrputBUC endangered species
RbmaN approximately
Rbmaftulakar/ kar contempt of court
RbmUl/ kar collection, ~ bMNul debit collection RbmUl/ Gñk collector, ~ Bn§ tax collector,
~ R)ak; money collector, ~ Tijplitpl ksikmµ farm produce collector
RbmUl ¬Tar¦ min)an/ Edl irrecoverable
RbmUlmkvij/ kar recovery (debt)
RbmUlmkvij/ EdlGac recoverable (debt)
RbmUlR)ak; collect money, Pñak;gar¼FnaKar
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~ collecting agent/bank, esah‘uyCYy ~ collecting charge RbmUlR)ak;eRkay)anTTYlÉksar/ kar documentary collection
RbmUlpMúþ v. gather
RbmUlpþMú/ kar concentration, ~ dIFøI land concentration RbmUlpþúM/ tYelx n. aggregate
RbmUlB½t’man v. collect information, take
up references, ~ mkBinitüeRbobeFob collate
RbmUlvij salvage
RbmUlÉksar/kar documentary collection
RbemIleXIj/ min)an unforeseen
RbemIlemIlGnaKt/ kar outlook
RblgRbECg/ kar competitive examination
Rbvtþi background, record, ~ eCaKC½y¼ braC½y track record
RbvtþisaRsþ/ CMhanmanGtßn½yCa historical steps
Rbevsn_/ Psþútag admissible evidence
RbsiT§PaB efficiency, éf¶ ~ effective date
RbsiT§PaBcMNay/ Edlman cost-effective
RbsiT§PaBfamBl energy efficiency
RbsiT§PaB/ eFVIeGayrwtEtman v. rationalize
RbsUtikmµ/ GRta ¬m> kMeNIt/GRta¦ birth rate
RbesIr ¬bMput¦/ eFVIeGay)an optimize
RbesIr/ eFVIeGay v. upgrade
RbesIrbMput/ karélEck optimal allocation
RbesIreLIg/ kareFVIeGay amelioration
R)aRs½yTak;Tg/ kar communication
RbEhl approximately
RbEhsePøcPøaMg/ kar oversight
RbeLaH range, ~ éfø price range, ~
¬cMgay¦emIleXIj range of vision
R)akdkñúgcitþ/ PaB assurance
R)akdniym realism
R)ak; ¬rUbiyvtßú¦ money
R)ak; edIm¼BUC seed money
R)ak;kk; down payment/deposit
R)ak;kas/ Tak;Tgnwg pecuniary, ehtupl xagluykak; pecuniary motives
R)ak;kMér wage, pay, kargarsuI ~ wage work
R)ak;Ex salary, ~ minTan;bg; back pay
R)ak;x©ImanR)ak;karx<s; dear money
R)ak;gab; rW R)ak;minykeTAeFVIkarrksIu dead money R)ak;cMNUl income, proceeds, ~ suT§ net income/proceeds
R)ak;cMNUld¾sþÜcesþIg pittance
R)ak;cMNUleRkaykat;Bn§ take home pay
R)ak;cMeNj profit, ~ suT§ net profit, ~
rkSaTuk retained earnings
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R)ak;QñÜl ¬Blkr¦ wage
R)ak;QñÜl ¬GclnRTBü nigclnRTBü¦ rental
R)ak;QñÜl ¬sMxan; GclnRTBü¦ rent
R)afñad¾elIslub/ kar ¬m> mhicäta¦ ambition
R)ak;TUTat;ecj ¬]> edayRkumh‘unFanara:b;r:g¦ payout R)ak;Fana bail cover
R)ak;bg;CYyRkumh‘unNamYy ¬]> BIrdæaPi)al¦ n. payout R)ak;bg;dl;éd prompt cash
R)ak;bg;dMbUg down payment
R)ak;bg;TaMgdul lump-sum
R)ak;bg;pþac; payoff
R)ak;bEnßm bonus, ~ sMrab;RTRTg;CIvPaB cost of living bonus
R)ak;beBaØI deposit, ~ mankalkMNt; fixed deposit R)ak;beBaØIkMBugepÞr deposit in transit
R)ak;beBaØIcrnþ call deposit
R)ak;beBaØI;enAFnaKar bank deposit
R)ak;beBaØImankalkMNt; time deposit, fixed
deposit, KNnI ~ time deposit account
R)ak;beBaØIGacebIk)antamsMeNI ¬min)ac;R)ab; FnaKarCamun¦ sight deposit
R)ak;buerRbTan ¬R)ak;ebIkmun¦ cash advance
R)ak;bMNac; remuneration
R)ak;bMNac;eBlQb;eFVIkar severance
payment, golden handshake
R)ak;bMNac;muxtMENg emolument
R)ak;bMNac;sMrab;nisSit student stipends
R)ak;bMrug)anx©I ¬EdlFnaKarnana)anx©IBI FnaKarkNþal¦ borrowed reserves
R)ak;bMrugelIs excess reserve(s)
R)ak;pþl;bEnßmsMrab;kargarmaneRKaHfñak; danger money R)ak;Bin½y forfeit money
R)ak;ruWERtt ¬m> esaFnnivtþn_¦ pension
R)ak;elIsxVH ¬bnþicbnþÜckñúgebLa¦ cash over and short R)ak;viPaCn_ financial appropriation
R)ak;viPaCn_sgÁm social welfare/security
R)ak;sKuN gratuity, honorarium
R)ak;snüaeGay pledge
R)ak;snSMtamTMlab; traditional savings
R)ak;sMNgRbcaMqñaM annuity
R)ak;Gab; change, change fund
R)ak;]btßmÖ benefit, ~ éføBüa)al medical benefit R)ak;]btßmÖ ¬BIbþIeTARbBn§ rW BIRbBn§eTAbþI eRkayeBlElgKña¦ alimony
R)ak;]btßmÖRKYsar family allowance(s)
R)ak;]btßmÖeBlQW sick pay
R)atiePaK ¬m> rbs;Fana¦ security
R)atiePaKbMNul ¬vtßúdak;FanabMNul¦ lien
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R)afñad¾elIslub/ kar ambition
RbwgERbgKµan)anpl/ kar unavailing efforts
RbugRby½tñ/ viFankar prudential measure
RbU)ab‘ÍlIet probability
eRbIR)as; v. consume, TMnij ~ consumer
goods, GñkeRbIR)as; consumer
eRbIR)as;/ kar consumption, ~ kñúgRsuk domestic consumption
eRbIR)as;)an/ EdlminGac unusable, unserviceable eRbIGs;/ kar depletion
eRbgkat petroleum
eRbgeqA crude oil
eRbg\n§n³ petroleum, kic©RBmeRBogsþIBI snþisux ~ petroleum security agreement
eRbv:aLg;¼PaBCaTUeTA prevalence
eRbsit¼ebskCnBiess envoy
ERbRbYl adj. variable
ERbRbYl/ kar variation
ERbRbYlxusPaBedIm/ kar distortion
éRb/ karERbCa ¬]> dIéRb¦ salination or salinisation bøg; n. plan, design, ~ KMrUtag sample
design, ~ GaCIvkmµsµúKsµaj complex business plan
bøg;kEnøg ¬rcna¼erobcM¦ layout
bøg;KNenyüTUeTA chart of general
accounting bøg;cMbg grand plan
bøg;eRcIndMNak; multi-stage design, ~
minsamBaØ complex multi-stage design
bøg;sMbuRt layout of letter
bøg;sV½yTMgn; self-weighting design
bøúk block
p pl proceeds
pl elIs¼elIsBItMrUvkar surplus
pl/ EdlKµan)an unremunerative
pl/ Edlman adj. pragmatic
plEck n. quotient
plcMeNjkñúgcMnYny:ageRcIn healthy profit
plcMeNjÉktabEnßm ¬kñúgkMeNInmYyÉkta plitpl¦ marginal benefit
plTun income
plTunkñúgRsuk domestic income (DI)
plTunCati national income
plTunCatisrub ¬m> plitplCatisrub¦ gross
national product (GNP), ~Bit real GNP
plTunCatisuT§ net national product
plb:HBal; impact, ~ xagesdækic© economic impact, ~ xagsgÁmkic©© social impact
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plb:HBal;bnÞab;bnSM trickle-down effect, side effect plbUk sum
plRbeyaCn_ interest, ~ cak;b£s vested interest plRbeyaCn_esµIKña equality benefit
plRbeyaCn_ÉktabEnßßm marginal utility
plrbr turn over, sales
plry³eBlxøI short-term payoff
plelIs)andl;plitkr producer surplus
plvi)ak bad consequence, disadvantage, inconvenience
plsMerc end result
plGaCIvkmµ ¬m> plrbr¦ turnover
plitkmµµ production, KNnI ~ production
accounts, cMNay ~ production cost,
ExSsgVak; ~ production line, RbB½n§ ~
production system, kic©snüaEbgEck ~ production-sharing contract (PSC), ~
CIvRBwtþi subsistence production, ~ es,óg CalkçN³RKYsar family food production
plitkr producer
plitkñúgRsuk locally made
plitRTg;RTayFM/ kar mass production
plitenApÞH homemade
plitpl commodity, KNnI ~ commodity
accounts, ~ ksikmµCamUldæan basic
commodities
plitpl product, ExS ~ ¬plitplRbhak; RbEhlKñamYyExS¦ product line/range,
cMnYnmux ~ product breadth, Fun ~ ¬kñúgExS plitpl¦ product depth, l,ay ~
¬plitplTaMgGs;Edldak;lk; rW pliteday shRKasNamYy¦ product mix
plitplkaksMNl; scrap product
plitplkñúgRsuk domestic product, ~ srub ¬pss¦ gross domestic product (GDP)
plitplCati national product, ~ srub gross national product (GNP) plitplbnÞab;bnSM by-product
plitplbrisßanCati eco-national product (ENP) plitplRbNitfáúMefáIg prestige product
plitplsgÁm social product
plitplsMerc final product/goods, finished products/goods
plitples,óg food products/stuffs
plitPaB productivity, smaPaK ~
productive ratio, ~ énBlkmµ labour
productivity, ~ énTun capital productivity
plitPaB/ man adj. productive, RTBüskmµ ~ productive assets
plitminRKb;RKan;/ kar underproduction
pss ¬plitplkñúgRsuksrub¦ GDP (gross domestic product)
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pak¼pakBin½y/ R)ak; fine
pat;ecj v. deduct, kar ~ deduction
pakBin½y/ kar fine
pat;rMls;/eRkay)an after deducting depreciation pasukPaB comfort
putkMNt;énkic©snüa/ kar expiration of a contract Epnkar n. plan, ~ vinieyaK investment
plan, GñkeFVI ~ planner
Epnkar/ kareFVI¼ksag planning
Epnkarkmµ ¬m> eFVIEpnkar/ kar¦ planning EpnkareKal master plan
EpnkarcMNUlcMNaysac;R)ak; cash budget
EpnkarTukGnuvtþCayfaehtu contingency plan EpnkaryuT§saRsþsMrab;RTRTg;vis½yGb;rM Education Sector Support Programme (ESSP) Epnkarlk; ¬tYelx¦ sales target
EpnkarGPivDÆn_esdækic©-sgÁmkic© Socio-Economic Development programme (SEDP)
EpnkarI n. planner
EppÞúkTMnij loading/lading port
pÁt;pÁg;/ kar¼sMPar³ supply, GñkpÁt;pÁg; supplier pÁt;pÁg;nigtMrUvkar/ kar supply and demand
pÁt;pÁg;rUbiyvtßú/ kar money supply
pÁt;pÁg;saFarN³/ kar utilities
ep¢ak v. saturate
epJI v. dispatch
epJIRtLb;vij v. send back
epJITuk/ kar ¬dak;TMnijeGayGñkepSgkan;kab; EtGñkenaHBMuEmnCam©as;kmµsiT§ieT¦ bailment
epJIeTAbuKÁlCaeRcIn/ Edl circular, b½NÑ\NTan epJIeTARKb;saxa ¬énFnaKarEdlecjva¦ circular letter of credit epJIeTARbmUlR)ak; v. send for collection
epJIR)ak; v. deposit money (in a bank),
b½NÑsresr ~ deposit slip
epJIR)ak;/ Gñk depositor
epJIR)ak;ecj/ kar remittance
epJIlk; sale or return (the retailer pays only for the sold goods and returns the remaining to the wholesaler) pþl;CMnYy/ Gñk donor
pþl;Tun finance v.
pþl;nigtMrUvkar/ kar offer and demand
pþl;nUvkarR)ak; v. bear interest
pþl;eyabl;/ Edl advisory, muxgarpþl; eyabl; advisory function
pþl;rgVan;eGay v. award
pþl;sc©ab½n/ kar ratification
pþl;saeLIgvij ¬\NTan¦ v. roll over
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pþl;siT§i v. give right, entitle
pþl;siT§iGMNac v. empower, mandate
pþl;siT§iGMNac/ kar empowerment
pþl;eGay/ R)ak; endowment
pþl;eGaymun/ R)ak; advance money
pþl;ÉksarRbKl;TMnijenAeBlsgR)ak; documents against payment (D/P) pþac;kar/ GMNac¼RbeTskan;rbb autarchy pþac;mux/ eFVI v. monopolise, PaBpþac;mux monopoly pþac;mux/ GñkEckcay sole distributor
pþac;mux adj. ¬éfø¦ monopolistic (price)
epþImmux adj. preliminary, karBiPakSa ~ preliminary discussion
epþk adj. horizontal
epþat v. focus
pþúM/ kar rW karpþúMGgÁpSM aggregation
pþMúcUlKña v. agglomerate
pþÜcepþImKMnit/ kar initiative
pÞal; rW edaypÞal; adj. direct
pÞal;/ GñkemIlkarxusRtUv immediate supervisor pÞal;xøÜn personal, kareRbIR)as; ~ persoal
consumption, sMPar³eRbIR)as; ~ personal
effects, RTBü ~ personal property
pÞal;mat; verbal, oral, kic©RBmeRBog ~ verbal agreement
epÞr v. transfer, lixit ~ transfer deed, R)ak; ~ TUTat; transfer payments, kardak;éføedIm,I ~
R)ak; transfer pricing, kar ~ transfer
epÞr ¬kmµsiT§i¦/kar rW ÉksarepÞr conveyance,
lixitepÞrkmµsiT§iGclnRTBü deed of conveyance epÞr ¬R)ak;¦taméRbsnIy_/ kar mail transfer
epÞr ¬eGayeK¦/ Gñk transferor
epÞrkmµsiT§i/ lixit ¬BIkUnbMNuleTAm©as;bMNul¦ deed of assignment epÞrkmµsiT§iGclnRTBü/ lixit deed of conveyance
epÞrkmµsiT§i/ kar transfer of ownership,
alienation, ~ dI land alienation epÞrTunBIpSarmYyeTApSarmYyedIm,IeqøótrkkMér/
kar arbitrage
epÞr)an/ Gac transferable, \NTan ~ transferable credit epÞrR)ak;edayTUrKmn_/ kar telegraphic/ cable transfer epÞrR)ak;enAFnaKar/ kar bank transfer
epÞrBIyanmYyeTAyanmYy v. ¬edIm,Idwkbnþ¦ tranship or transship
epÞrsiT§i/ lixit proxy
epÞreGay/ GñkRtUv)aneK transferee
epÞrGMNac transfer power, delegate power epÞógKñaeTAvijeTAmk cross check
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epÞógpÞat;FnaKar/ kar bank reconciliation
épÞkñúg internal, svnkmµ ~ internal audit,
kic©kar ~ internal affairs
pÞúk nig erITMnij/ kar loading and unloading of goods pÞúyKña/ PaB contradiction, contrast
pÞHkBa©k; greenhouse, bc©½y ~ greenhouse
effect, ]sµ½n ~ greenhouse gas
pÞHsMEbg/ PaBKµan homelessness
pÞHsMEbg ¬xÞg;cMNay¦ housing
pÞHsñak;enA/ karpþl; housing
pñt;KMnit n. stereotype
Epñk section, category
pøakFug bin tag
pøas;ecjedaydak;vin½y/ kar disciplinary transfer pøas;bþÚr/ kar change
pøas;bþÚrBaNiC¢kmµ v. trade
pøas;bþÚreLIgvij/ kar rW karerobcMeLIgvij reconversion
pøÚvkar/ Ca adj. official, formal, esckþI bBa¢ak; ~ official confirmation
pøÚvkar/ Gñk¼m®nþI n. official
pøÚvcitþ/ katBVkic© moral obligation
pøÚvc,ab;/ tam de jure
pøÚvTwk waterways
pøÚveTAdl; road to, access road, access
Epøpáa/ Edlman fruitful
pSBVpSay ¬c,ab;>>>¦ v. publicise
pSBVpSay ¬tamviTüú >>>¦ v. broadcast
pSBVpSay ¬lk;plitpl¦/ kar promotion (of a product) pSBVpSay/ kar dissemination
pSayBaNiC¢kmµ v. advertise, kar ~
advertisement, advertising, yuT§nakar ~ advertising campaign pSarkñúgRsuk domestic/home market
pSarxøaMg ¬TIpSarmanGñkTijeRcIn¦ strong market pSarexSay ¬minsUvmanGñkTij¦ weak market
pSarggwt black market, éfø ~ black market price pSarTun capital market
pSarh‘un stock market, stock exchange
pSa‘¿nwgGakasFatufµI v. acclimate
epSg² ¬eQµaHKNnIcMnay¦ miscellaneous
pSHpSa v. conciliate, kar ~ conciliation
pSHpSaeLIgvij v. reconcile, kar ~ reconciliation p¥ak v. suspend, adjourn
p¥ak/ kar suspension
p¥ib/ KNnI blocked account
p¥wb rW bBaÄb; rW bgák frozen, KNnI ~ frozen
account, RTBü ~ rW RTBüCab;kþI frozen assets
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B BRgIk/ kar expansion
BRgwgkarGnuvtþn_ v. enforce
B½t’manRtLb; feedback
B½t’manbEnßm/ tarag¼Éksar supplementary schedule Bn§ ¬CaBiessBn§bEnßm¦ n. levy
Bn§ ¬Biess Bn§Ky/ GakrBiess¦ duty
Bn§ n. tax, ~ elIR)ak;cMeNj tax on profit,
~ visamBaØ emergency tax, Pñak;garkMNt; ~
tax assessor, karecosvag ~ ¬edayc,ab;man cenøaHRbehag¦ tax avoidance, karRbmUl ~
tax collection, \NTan ~ tax credit,
kareKc ~ ¬elµIsc,ab;nigRtUvmaneTasT½NЦ tax evasion, elIkElg ~ adj. tax exempt,
karelIkElg ~ tax exemption, vism ~ rW ry³eBlrYc ~ tax holiday, cenøaHRbehagén ~ tax loophole, »kashUt ~ tax moments,
karbg; ~ tax payment, qñaMbg; ~ tax
payment year, GRta ~ tax rate, karbnßy ~ tax rebate, cMNUl ~ tax revenues, tax
receipts, karkat;bnßy ~ tax reduction,
karbn§Úrbnßy ~ tax relief, cMNat;kar ~ rW RbRBwtþikmµ ~ tax treatment, GñkRbmUl ~
tax-collector Bn§/ Cab; adj. taxable, liable to tax, qñaM ~ tax year or taxation year, cMNUl ~
taxable income, Gñk ~ taxpayer Bn§/ minCab; non-taxable adj. cMNUl ~ non-taxable income Bn§/ yk rW hUtBn§ v. tax, impose tax
Bn§ ¬Ky/ GakrBiess¦/ EdlRtUvbg; dutiable/ TMnijRtUvbg;Bn§ dutiable goods
Bn§kat;Tuk withholding tax, ~ RtUvbg; withholding tax payable
Bn§Ky customs duties (or dues)
Bn§Kykat;sg duty drawback
Bn§CYlFnFan resource-rent tax (RRT)
Bn§dar tax, KNenyü ~ tax accounting,
kMlaMgcMnUl ~ tax revenues efforts or tax effort
Bn§dar/ lkçN³minTak;Tgnwg non-tax features
Bn§Etm stamp duty
Bn§naMcUl import duty, tariff
Bn§bEnßm surtax
Bn§)ankMNt; assessed taxes Bn§Rbeyal indirect tax
Bn§pÞal; direct tax
Bn§pøÚv road tax
Bn§RBlanynþehaH airport tax Bn§mnusS head tax
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Bn§em:Akar lump-sum tax
Bn§yktaméfø ad valorem duty
Bn§ykbEnßmelITMnijnaMcUl surcharge
Bn§elIcMNUllk;)an sales tax
Bn§elIR)ak;cMNUl income tax
Bn§elIR)ak;cMNUlbuKÁl personal income tax
Bn§elIR)ak;cMeNjRkumh‘un corporation tax (GB) Bn§elIR)ak;cMeNjbEnßm additional profit tax (APT)
Bn§elIRTBübuKÁl capital levy
Bn§viPaKtamRbePTcMNUl schedular tax
Bn§Gakr tax
Bn§úPaB n. ¬PaBdUcKña rW manTMnak;TMngCamYyKña¦ affinity Bnül;)an/ EdlminGac adj. inexplicable, unaccountable BnüakMeNIt/ kar birth spacing
BnüaeBl/ kar delay, pþl; ~ v. grant a delay
BnüaeGay)anyUr ¬eFVIGVImYyedIm,IBnüaeBl RBwtþuikarN_/ esckþIsMerc>>>¦ buy time
BenøÓn v. accelerate Blkmµ labour, kMlaMg ~ labour force,
~ GENþt casual labour, ~ cUlshCIB
organised labour, ~ manCMnaj skilled
labour, ~ KµanCMnaj unskilled labour
Blkr labourer, worker, ~ suIR)ak;éf¶ day
labourer, ~ GENþt ¬ry³eBlxøI¦ casual labourer Blrdæ citizen
Bhikar boycott
BhiRbevsn_ ¬m> cMNakRsuk¦ migration
BhuCati multinational, Rkumh‘un ~ multi-national corporation
BhuPaKI multilateral, CMnYy ~ multilateral
assistance, kic©RBmeRBog ~ multilateral agreement Bhuvb,kmµ polyculture
Bak;kNþalTI1 énstvtSr_TI6 first half of the 6th century Bak;kNþalsMerc/ plitpl semi-finished product Bak;kNþalsVy½t semi-autonomous
Bak;B½n§ adj. concerned, relevant, RksYg ~
concerned ministry, sßab½n ~ relevant institution Bak;B½n§ v. involve
Bak;B½n§¼cUlBak;B½n§/ kar involvement Bak;B½n§/ Gñk stakeholder
Bak;B½n§cUl engage v.
Baküesøak slogan
BaNiC¢ commercial, FnaKar ~ commercial bank BaNiC¢kmµ commerce, trade, kic©RBmeRBog
~ trade agreement, CBa¢Ig ~ trade balance,
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r)aMg ~ trade barriers, »nPaB ~ trade
deficit, eQµaH ~ trade name, tMNag ~ trade
representation, trade representative, sBaØa~ rW pøaksBaØa ~ trademark, ~ qøgkat;pÞal; direct-transit trade, ~ lk;dMu wholesale
trade, ~ rUbI visible trade, ~ eRkARbeTs foreign trade
BaNiC¢kmµ adj. commercial, shRKas ~ commercial enterprise BaNiC¢kmµ adj. mercantile, kgnava ~
mercantile marine, RbeTs ~ mercantile country BaNiC¢kmµ/ kareFVI trading
BaNiC¢kmµeRkARbeTs/ naykdæan Department of Overseas Trade
BaNiC¢kr trader, dealer, merchant
BaNiC¢PavUbnIykmµ commercialisation, eFVI ~ v. commercialise
Ban;lan billion
BikarPaB disability
BicarNa/ kar consideration, kMBugBinitü ~ under consideration Bit real, GRtakarR)ak; ~ real rate of interest,
kar ~ reality
BiFIkar ¬viFansMrab;BiFIepSg²¦ protocol
BiFIsar ¬Éksar¦ protocol
Bin½y v. penalise
Bin½yCaR)ak; v. fine
Bin½ysareBIBn§/ kar fiscal fine
Binitü v. examine
Binitü nigsMerc/ edIm,I for review and decision/approval BinitüKNnI v. check the accounts
BinitüCaTUeTA/ kar overview
Binitütamdan v. supervise, kar ~
supervision, Gñk ~ supervisor
BinitüeLIgvij v. review, kar ~ n. review
BinÞúerxIy diagram, chart, graphic
BiBN’na/ kar description
BiBN’nakargar job description
BiBiFkmµ ¬m> cMruHkmµ¦ diversification
BiPakSaedjedal/ kar deliberation
BiPakSabMpusKMnit/ kar brainstorming
BiruT§PaB guilt BiruT§ikCn culprit
Biess/ rbs; speciality
BiesaF v. experiment
BiesaFn_ rW karBiesaFn_ n. experiment, eFVI ~ v. experiment BiesaFnkmµ/ kardkBiesaFn_ experimentation BieRKaHeyabl;/ kar consultation, RkumBieRKaH eyabl; Consultative Group (CG)
BieRKaHeyabl;/ Gñk consultant
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BIeRkameLIgelI/ karGPivDÆn_ bottom-up development BIenHteTA hereafter
BImun prior/ svnkmµ ~ prior auditing, kic©RBmeRBog ~ prior agreement BImYyqñaMeTAmYyqñaM ¬m> qñaMelIqñaM ¦ year on year
BIrdgkñúgmYyqñaM biannual
BIrpøÚv two-way
BwgEp¥kKñaeTAvijeTAmk/ kar interdependence
BwgEp¥kelIxøÜnÉg/ kar self-reliance
BwgBak;)an/ PaBGac dependability
BukrlYy adj. corrupt, GMeBI ~ corruption
BUCsasn_niym racism
BYk group, category
BYk genus (of animals, plants)
eBjc,ab; legitimate
eBjlkçN³RtwmRtUv legitimate, min ~ illegitimate eBjelj/ TuneRbImin)an underemployed capital eBjv½y adult, RbCaBlrdæ ~ adult citizen eBjv½y/ PaB maturity
eBl time, kMNat; ~ time segment
Bütierk ¬m> pÞúyKña/ PaB¦ contrast
BüakrN_ forecast v. & n., ¬kar¦ ~ esdækic© economic forecast, ~ hirBaØvtßú financial forecast
BüÜr/ kar suspension
BüÜr/ KNnI ¬caMkaredaHRsay¦ pending accounts
RBm v. consent, karyl; ~ n. consent
RBmeRBog/ krNIKµankar in the event of disagreement RBmeRBog/ kar agreement, accord RBmeRBog/ kic© agreement, ~ pÞal;mat; verbal agreement, ~ CaeKalkarN_ agreement in principle RBmeRBog/ éfø agreed price RBmeRBog/ min v. disagree RBmeRBogxagCMnYj/ kar deal
RBmeRBogCakBa©b;/ kar package deal
RBmeRBogCapøÚvkar/ kar official agreement, covenant
RBmeRBogCamYyKña v. agree together, come into line
RBman/ kar warning, ~ pÞal;mat; verbal warning
RBagTuk/ \t ¬cMNay¦ unforeseen
RBwtþikarN_ event
RBwtþin½y rW RBwtþn½y fait(s) accompli(s) RBwtþn½y/ tam de facto, karRKb;RKg ~ de facto management RBwtþib½Rt bulletin
RBwtþib½RtB½t’man newsletter
RBwT§ikmµ illegal interest, usury
RBwT§ikr ¬GñkykkarR)ak;x<s;hYsehtu¦ usurer
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RBYy)armÖ/ kar n. concern
éRBkarBar/ tMbn; protected forest areas éRBKub coupe-forest, felling area
éRBeQI forest, éRBeQI GaceFVIGaCIvkmµ)an operable forest éRBeQI/ karkab; deforestation
éRBlicTwk flooded forest éRBsm,Tan forest concession RBMEdnKy customs frontier
RBMEdnénkarTTYlxusRtUv limit of liability
RBHraCGaCJa prosecutor
P
PNÐaKar department store
PNÐaKar ¬m> XøaMg¦ warehouse
Ptik³ ¬m> GñkCYlBIeK¦ renter
Ptikar wage-earner
PtibtI ¬m> GñkCYleGayeK¦ person who rents out sth Ptisnüa n. lease (with a contract)
P½nþRcLM/ kar confusion, aberration
P½nþRcLM/ gay confusing
P½BVénCMerIs chance of selection
P½yep¥Il/ kar panic, ~ xaghirBaØvtßú financial panic PvnIyPaB probability
Psþútag proof, evidence, ~ TTYlyk)an admissible evidence
PsþútagekþA² smoking gun
PsþúPar logistics
PaKkmµ (equity) participation, stake, sharing PaKeRcIn majority
PaKeRcIndac;xat/ sMelg ¬e)aHeqñat¦ absolute majority vote PaKeRcInedayeFob/ sMelg ¬)ansMelgeRcInCag ebkçCnmñak;eTot¦ relative majority vote
PaKtic minority
PaKTunik³ capital contributor, shareholder,
~ man\T§iBl influencial shareholder
PaKEbg denominator (fraction)
PaKyk numerator (fraction)
PaKry percentage
PaKlaP dividend
PaKh‘un/ Gñkman stakeholder
PaKh‘unEdlTTYlPaKlaPeRkayeK deferred share PaKh‘unEdlmantMélenApSarh‘unesµIKñanwgtMél
cuHelIsnøwkb½NÑPaKh‘un share at par
PaKh‘unRtYtRta/ mancMENk to have a controlling interest (have more than 50% of total share of a company) PaKh‘unsamBaØ common stock, equities
PaK\NTanxagelI upper credit tranche
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PaKI ¬énkic©snüa¦ party (to the contract)
PaKIcuHkic©snüa contracting party
PaKITTYlsar\NTan accredited party
PaKITIbI third party
Parkic© duty, Cab; ~ duty bound
Parkic© task, epþatelI ~ task-oriented
PUKBÖsaRsþ geology
PUtKamsaRsþ ¬karsikSaBIrukçCati¦ botany
PUtKamGnam½y phytosanitary
PUmiviTüaesdækic© economic geography
ePaK³ possession
ePaCnIydæanGaharrh½s fast-food restaurant
ePaCP½NÐ ¬m> mðÚbGahar¦ food items
P¢ab;katBVkic© binding
Pñak;gar agent
Pñak;garTTYlkMéreCIgsar commission agent
Pñak;garnavacr shipping agent
Pñak;garrksuICYl¼lk; GclnRTBü estate agent
Pøam² adj. prompt, karRbKl; ~ prompt
delivery, karTUTat; ~ immediate/prompt payment
m
mcävb,kmµ pisciculture
mCÄkar centralisation, kMNt;Rta ~
centralised record, esdækic© mCÄkar¼ RbmUlpþúM centralised economy
mCÄdæan milieu
mCÄdæanGñkKaMRT constituency
mCÄtþkmµ arbitrage, KN³kmµkar ~ arbitration committee mCÄtþkr arbiter
mCÄtþkr ¬xagBaNiC¢kmµ¦ arbitrator
mCÄtþkar/ eFVI v. arbitrate
mCÄtþvinicä½y arbitration
mCÄnikCn n. moderate
mCÄmNÐlbNþúHbNþal viC¢aCIv³¬rW ]bnisS½y¦ vocational training centre mCÄwm central, rdæ)al ~ central administration mNÐlkMsanþ entertainment centre
mNÐle)aHeqñat constituency
mti opinion, karsÞg; ~ opinion poll
mtipþaMepJI recommendation
mtþnkmµ ¬m> eRCIs/ kar¦ selection
mtþb,maN ¬m> GRtamrN³¦ mortality/death rate mFüm average, tMél¼éføedIm ~ average
cost, GRtakMeNIn ~ RbcaMqñaM average annual growth rate mFüm ¬TMhM/ KuNPaB>>>¦ medium (size, grade...) mFüm ¬sßiti¦ mean, ~ nBVnþ arithmetic
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mean, ~ FrNImaRt geometric mean
mFümPaK average, mean, ~ smta weighted average mFümsikSaTutiyPUmi/ sBaØab½Rt baccalaureate (degree) meFüa)ay means, ~ dwkCBa¢Ún means of
transport, ~ plitkmµ means of production mnsikar conscience, Edlman ~ conscientious mnusSCati humanity
mnusSFm’ n. & adj. 1. humanity
2. humanitarian, GgÁkar ~ humanitarian organisation mnusSniym humanism
mnusSsaRsþ anthropology
menaKmviC¢a ideology
m®nþI officer
m®nþIRkbx½NÐ civil servant, government cadre m®nþIcuHbBa¢I ¬Gñkkan;kab;bBa¢I¦ registrar
m®nþIe)aHeqñat electoral official
m®nþIraCkar public servant, ~ sIuvil civil servant m®nþIesuIbGegátBIkartv:a ¬cMeBaHsßab½nrdæ b¤ GgÁkarFM²¦ ombudsman
mmajwk/ em:ag rush hour
mmal rW karmmal hallucination
mrNPaB/ R)ak;bMNac; death in service benefit
mrNPaB/ sMbuRt death certificate
mrtk heritage, inheritance
mrtksasn_ testament, will
mhnþrayenAsmuRT casualty at sea
mhnþraybgáedaymnusS man-made disaster
mhavinas cataclysm
mhasnñi)at general meeting
mhaGnutMbn;emKgÁ Greater Mekong Sub-region
mhicäta rW karR)afñad¾elIslub ambition
m:ak ¬TMnij¦ brand
m:aRkU macro-, m:aRkUesdækic© macroeconomics
m:aXItTIg¼karrkTIpSar marketing
m:aCIn¼rwm margin, m:aCInUbnIykmµ marginalisation m:aCin¼kMrit énR)ak;cMeNjsuT§ net profit margin (NPM) m:al;Tusniym Malthusianism
m:asuInebIkR)ak;sV½yRbvtþi ATM (automatic teller machine) mat;Rck n. gateway, ~ TUrKmnaKmn_GnþrCati international communication gateway matika content
matika ¬fvika¦ line item (budget)
matuPUminivtþn_ repatriation
maRtdæan scale (of map), esdækic© ~ economies of scale
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maRta article, provision (law)
mankalkMNt; ¬enAGnaKt¦ forward,
karRbKl; ~ forward delivery, éfølk; ~ forward price mankUn/ PaB fertility, GRtamankUn fertility rate manex©aH/ PaB imperfection
manCMgWeFVIeGaysøab;/ PaB morbidity
mantMélGnuvtþ binding
maneTAmanmk/ PaB reciprocity
manvKÁmanesñI/ skmµPaBesdækic© concerted economic action manRsab;/ Edl existing, rcnasm<½n§ ~ existing structure mabnkmµ ¬m> begáIt/ kar¦ creation, establishment micäaelx ¬m> el¥óg/ elxel¥óg¦ error mincuHsMrug/ PaB incompatibility
mincUlCaRkumh‘un un-incorporated
mincUlbkSsm½<n§/ clna non-aligned movement minCak;lak; indefinite, non-specific
minTTYlRBm/ kar default of acceptance
minTak;Tg/ Edl irrelevant
minTan;qøgKy/ TMnij uncleared goods
minTan;edaHRsay ¬vivaT¦ unsettled (dispute)
minTan;rk)an/ kMér unearned fees
minTan;sg ¬bMNul¦ unsettled (debt)
minTan;sresr blank (paper)
minR)akd/ PaB uncertainty, incertitude
minpøas;bþÚr/ PaB consistency
minEmnksikmµ/ kargar non-agricultural or non-farm employment minerobry/ vis½y informal sector
minlMeGog/ PaB impartiality
minl¥ adj. adverse
minsmRsb inappropriate, unsuitable,
CMnYy ~ inappropriate aid
minsuT§/ PaB impurity
minesµIKña adj. inequal
minGacsgbMNul)an/ PaB insolvency
minGMeNaypl adj. unfavourable,
adverse, ktþa ~ adverse factor
misSPaK ¬m> sµúKsaµj¦ complex, misSPaB complexity mIRkUCIv³ micro biology
mIRkUesdækic© microeconomics
mIRkUhirBaØvtßú micro-finance
mIRkU\NTan micro-credit
mux ¬TMnij¦ item
muxgar function
muxCMnYjFnaKar banking
muxTMnijkñúgXøaMg stock lines
muxrbr occupation
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muxviC¢aFnaKar banking
muFaPaBénBn§Gakr ¬m> elIkElgBn§/ kar¦ tax exemption mun pre-, ~ vibtþi pre-crisis
mun preceding, qñaM ~ preceding year
m:Ud fashion, mode
m:UDIl module
m:Um:g; momentum
m:UypÁt;pÁg;CaRbcaM usual supplier
mUldæan local, GaCJaFr ~ local authority
mUldæan/ Kµan adj. unfounded
mUldæan/ Ca basic, kic©RBmeRBog ~ basic
agreement, karRsavRCav ~ basic research
mUldæan/ plitpl staple product
mUldæanRKwH foundation
mUldæanTinñn½y database
mUlFn capital, ~ Edl)anGnuBaØat authorised
capital, ~ p¥wb frozen capital, ~ Edl)anbg; paid in capital mUlFnkmµ/ eFVI v. capitalise
mUlFnniym capitalism
mUlFn)ancuHeQµaH subscribed capital
mUlFn)ancuHbBa¢I ¬CapøÚvkar¦ registered capital mUlFn)anbg;CMrH paid-up capital
mUlFn)anehA ¬)anbg;cUlRkumh‘unehIy¦ called-up capital
mUlFnpw¥¥b rW mUlFnbBaÄb; frozen capital
mUlFnPavUnIykmµ capitalisation
mUlFnminTan;ehA ¬[bg;¦ uncalled capital
mUlFnik capitalist
mUlniFi foundation
mUlniFi fund, RbB½n§KNenyü ~ fund
accounting systems, TIPñak;garpþl; ~
funding agency, lMhUr ~ fund flow,
smtulü ~ fund balance
mUlniFidak;snSMbMrug sinking fund
mUlniFibeBaØI fund held in trust
mUlniFibdiPaK counterpart fund
mUlniFibMrug reserve fund
mUlniFipþúM block fund
mUlniFipÞal;suT§ ¬RTBüskmµKittamtMélBitelI TIpSar ehIydkbMNulcrnþ¦ net worth
mUlniFiBaNiC¢kmµ n. goodwill
mUlniFimrtk ¬mUlniFiRKb;RKgedayRbtisiT§iCn sMrab;GtßKahk¦ trust fund
mUlniFirUbiyvtßúGnþrCati International Monetary Fund (IMF) mUlniFisMrab;cMnaybnþicbnþÜc petty-cash fund
mUlb½Rt securities, pSar ~ securities market
mUlb,Tanb½NÑ cheque card
mUlb,TanbR½t cheque, ~ KµanR)ak;kñúgKNnI¼ KµanR)ak; dishonoured/bouncing/dud/
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rubber cheque, ~ cMh blank cheque,
~ qUt crossed cheque, esovePA ~ cheque
book, ~ KµanqUt uncrossed cheque, ~ qUt Biess cheque crossed specially, ~ Kµan eQµaH bearer cheque or cheque to bearer,
~ eTscrN_ traveller’s cheque, ~ minTan; dak;cUlKNnIFnaKar unbanked cheque mUlb,TanbR½t r:ab;rgedayFnaKar¼FanacMnay certified cheque mUlmti/ kar consensus
mUlvicarN_ appreciation
mYyPaKbYn quarter, ~ TI2énstvtSr_TI7 2nd
quarter of 7th century emIlxusRtUvelI/ kar oversight
emIleXIj/ Gac adj. visible
emIlgay/ kar contempt
emIlmineXIj adj. invisible, BaNiC¢kmµ ~ invisible trade emIlrMlg overlook
em/ Rkumh‘un parent company
em/ fvika master budget
emkar foreman
emekIy patron
emRkum ¬Cag/ kmµkr¦ foreman
emxül; popular leader
emKuN multiplier
emKuNbMErbMrYl coefficient of variation
emFavI lawyer, barrister (British)
em:Akar/ Gñk contractor
em:Akarbnþ v. subcontract, Gñk ~ sub-contractor emaX³ void, null and void, eFVI[eTACa ~ v. nullify emaX³/ cat;TukCa v. invalidate
emaXkmµ annulment, nullification
emaXPaB nullity
m©as; owner, ~ dI land owner
m©as;/ PaBCa ownership
m©as;kmµsiT§i owner
m©as;kmµsiT§irYmKña co-owner, co-proprietor, joint owner m©as;kar/ PaB self-reliance
m©as;karxaghirBaØvtßú/ PaB financial self-sufficiency m©as;KNnIcrnþ current-account holder
m©as;dI¼pÞH ¬EdlCYleGayeK¦ landlord
m©as;bMNul creditor
m©as;bMNulGuIb:UEtk mortgagee
m©as;hag ¬tUc²¦ storekeeper, shopkeeper mþgehIymþgeTot recurrent, cMNay ~ recurrent expenditure mðÚbGahar food, snÞsSn_éfø ~ food price index
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y
ykkMBs;/ kar grandstanding
ykKMrUtag v. sample
ykKMrUtag/ kar sampling, ~ KµanRsTab; unstratified sampling, ~ eRcIndMNak; multi-
stage sampling, ~ tamkEnøg spacial
sampling, ~ tamkUta quota sampling,
~ tameKaledA purposive sampling, ~ elIs over-sampling, ~ saCafµI resampling ykKMrUtagCaRbB½n§/ kar systematic sampling,
~ vil circular systematic sampling ykcUl bring in (assets as investment) ykecjmk/ kar ¬Er:¦ extraction
yktaméføTMnij/ éfødwkCBa¢Ún ad valorem freight ykmkKit take into account
ykvijnUv/ kar ¬sMviFanFn>>>kñúgbBa¢IKNenyü¦ write-back (of provisions...) yfaRkm/ Ca ¬m> CaRbB½n§¦ systematic
yfaTsSn_ perspective
yfaRbePT specification
yfapl adj. extensive, ksikmµ ~ extensive agriculture yfaPaB 1. authenticity 2. contingency
yfaPUt/ lixit authentic deed/act
yfaehtu eventuality
ynþkmµ/ ynþtUbnIykmµ mechanisation
ynþkar mechanism, ~ sV½yEktMrUv self-
regulating mechanism, ~ TUTat; payment mechanism ynþehaHCYldwkBiess ¬eCIgehaHehIrmin eTogTat;¦ charter plane
ynþehaHCMnYj commercial aircraft
yl;eXIj/ kar view
yl; RcLM¼xus/ kar misunderstanding
yl;dwgtameRkay ¬RBwtþikarN_¦/ kar hindsight yl;dwgmun/ kar foresight
yl;dwgl¥/ kar good understanding
yl;)an/ Edl intelligible
yl;RBm/ kar approval, agreement
yl;Rsb/ min v. disagree
yan vehicle, ~ ynþ motor vehicle
yIeha brand name
yWt/ PaB elasticity, ~ énkarpÁt;pÁg; nig
tMrUvkar elasticity of supply and demand
yWty:av/ kar delay, karRbKl;yWty:av delay in delivery yWty:avkñúgkarsgbMNul to be in arrears
yutþikmµ/ eFVI v. justify, kar ~ KMerag justification of a project yutþiFm’ ¬rW edayyutþiFm’¦ fair
yutþiFm’/ min unfair
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yutþiFm’sgÁm social justice
yutþaFikar jurisdiction
yuT§nakar campaign, ~ lk;dUr sales campaign yuT§P½NÐ ordnance, ~ minTan;pÞúH unexploded ordnances yuT§viFIGaCIvkmµ business tactics
yuT§saRsþ strategy, ~ ctuekaN rectangular
strategy, Gñk ~ rW ~ viTU strategist
yuT§saRsþ/ Ca strategic, tMrUvkar ~ strategic needs
yuT§saRsþCatikat;bnßyPaBRkIRk National Poverty Reduction Strategy (NPRS) yuT§saRsþpSBVpSay ¬lk;plitpl¦ promotional strategy yuvv½y/ RsTab; young people
eynD½r gender
eyageTA carried forward (accounting)
eyagmk brought forward (accounting)
eyaFPUmiPaK military region
eyaFa ¬kgT½B¦ military
eyaFin ¬mnusS¦ soldier, military
eyabl; opinion
r
rkeXIj/ kar finding
rkemIlTMnij ¬éfø/ KuNPaB>>>edIm,ITij¦ shop around
rksMKal; v. identify, ebskkmµ ~ identification mission rkSa/ kar conservation
rkSaTuk/ kar keeping, custody
rkSaTuk/ R)ak;cMeNj retained earnings
rkSaTukkñúgédttIyCn/ Edl in escrow
rkSaTukenAXøaMgKy/ TMnij goods (held) in bond rkSaTukbuKÁlik/ kar ¬kMueGayeKecjBIGgÁPaB¦ retention of staff rkSasiT§i copyright
rgVan; n. reward, award, ~ mkBIeRkA extrinsic reward, pþl; ~ v. reward
rgVas; measuring tools, measure
rcnatak;Etg v. design, kar ~ n. design
rcnasm<½n§ structure, ~ cat;taMg organisational structure, ~ nItibBaØtþi legislative structure, ~ sßab½nFnaKar structure of banking institutions rcnasm<½n§RKYsarsñÚl ¬«BukmþaynigkUn¦ nuclear-family structure rc¢³stV¼BBYkstV fauna
rC¢eTyücMNUl excise tax revenues
rdUv season, tam ~ seasonal
rdUvkal/ tam rW manlkçN³rdUvkal adj. seasonal rdUvs¶b;skmµPaB ¬]> rdUvlk;TMnijminsUvdac;¦ dead season
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rdæEdlKitKUreRcInBIkargarsgÁmkic© welfare state rdæFmµnuBaØ constitution
rdæ)al administration, cMNay ~
administrative expenses, GgÁPaBesdækic© ~ administrative-economic entity rdæ)alsaFarN³ public administration
rdæpþac;mux national monopoly
rdæshRKin corporate state
rdæGMNac ¬m> GaCJaFr¦ authority
rdæaPi)alm©as;pÞH host government
rdæaPi)alsMrab;RKb;RKgbeNþaHGasnñ caretaker government rtnvtßú 1. jewels, jewelry, precious stones 2. cash, liquid assets rtnakr n. treasurer
rtnaKar treasury, b½NÑ ~ treasury bill (short term: less than one year) or treasury bond (long term) rtnaKarCati State Treasury
rt;Bn§ v. smuggle, kar ~ smuggling, Gñk ~ smuggler rt;Bn§/ TMnij smuggled goods, contraband rbkKMehIj finding
rbb regime, ~ hirBaØvtßú financial regime
rbs;xUcKuNPaB spoilage
rbs;Fana surety
rbs;)anBIkarRbmUl ¬BIGKÁIP½y/ navalic>>>¦ salvage rbs;Gt;RbeyaCn_ useless thing, junk
rbs;eGtcay scraps, junk
r)ab; ¬karrab;¦ census
r)ay n. distribution, ~ KMrUtag distribution
of sample, ~ vismFn unequal wealth distribution r)aykarN_ report, statement, account, ~
KNnI statement of account, ~ RbcaM Ex¼ qñaM monthly/annual report, ~ Tij¼lk;TMnij
account purchases/sales, ~ FnaKar bank
statement, ~ erITMnij cargo outturn
report, ~ sþIBIRbeTs country report
rbYs n. ¬pøÚvkay rW pøÚvcitþ¦ trauma
rebog corridor, ~ esdækic© economic corridor rebob mode
rebobcuHbBa¢IÉkPaK single entry (accounting) rebobrbbminl¥ malpractice
rebobrs;enA lifestyle
rebobvar³ agenda
r)aMg barrier, ~ Bn§Ky customs/tariff
barrier, ~ minEmnBn§Ky non-tariff
barriers ( NTBs), dkr)aMgBaNiC¢kmµ lift trade barrier
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rmNIydæan resort, kEnøg ~ rW mNÐlkMsanþ resort site ry³eBl period, ~ RbmUlTun)anvij rW ~ Rsg;edIm payback period
ry³eBlxøI short term, kMcI ~ short term loan ry³eBlRtUvsgkMcIvij payback period
ry³eBlRbmUlbMNulCamFüm average collection period (ACP) ry³eBlmFüm medium-term, kMcI ~ medium-term loan ry³eBlEvg long-term, bMNul ~ long-term liabilities rlUn adj. smooth, dMeNIrkar ~ smooth operation rlUn/ PaB coherence
rlUnKña/ Edl harmonised
rlM v. founder
rs;)an/ PaBGac viability, survivability,
~ xaghirBaØvtßú financial survivability
rs;revIk lively, TIpSarmanskmµPaB ~ lively market rs;revIk/ PaBmin inflexibility
resIb/ bBaða sensitive issue
resIb/ PaB sensitivity
rehadæanIykmµ desertification
ragcal/ krNImin case of recidivism
raCkic© ¬esovePA¦ Official Gazette
rab;bBa©Úl v. include, kar ~ inclusion,
Edl ~ adj. inclusive
raymuxTMnij/ kar description of goods
rIkcMerIn/ kar advancement
rIkduHdaly:agrh½s boom, vis½ykMBug ~ booming sector rIkraldal/ kar ¬TMnas;¦ spread, spreading, escalation rIksay/ kar ¬cMnYn¦ proliferation
rwgkMRBws/ PaB inflexibility
rwtt,itcMNay v. squeeze expenditure
rwbGUs ¬ykRTBü¦ v. confiscate, seize,
kar ~ seizure
rwbGUskmµsiT§iGclnvtßúdak;Fana foreclose a mortgage v. rwbGUsCasm,tþirdæ/ RtUv)an forfeited to the government rWLaTIvIet¼PaBGacERbRbYl relativity
rukrk/ kar exploration, ~ eRbgkat oil exploration rukçCati plant, flora
rukçvb,kmµ silviculture
rukçsaRsþ forestry
ruaMér: chronic, PaBGt;kargareFVIraMuér: chronic unemployment rUb ¬TMnij¦ brand
rUbFatu/ KNenyü physical accounts
rUbPaBTUeTA profile (i.e of a company)
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rUbvnþ physical, ehdæarcnasm<½n§ ~ physical infrastructure rUbvivtþn_ n. mutation
rUbsBaØa logo
rUbiybdiePaK ¬m> cMNarxñg¦ rUbiybdiePaKI ¬m> carxñg¬Éksar¦/ Gñk¦ rUbiyb½NÑ foreign exchange
rUbiyb½NÑxøaMg hard currency
rUbiymaRta legal tender
rUbiyvtßú currency, ~xøaMg hard currency,
~ exSay soft currency
rUbiyvtßú money, ~ cracr money in
circulation, esdækic© ~ money economy,
pSar ~ money market, ~ elIstulüPaB
monetary overhang, TMnukcitþelI ~
monetary confidence, neya)ay ~ monetary policy rUbiyvtßú rW R)ak;Rkdas fiduciary currency
rUbiyvtßú M1 money M1
rUbiyvtßú¼mUlniFi Gacpþl;eGay)anPøam² money (or funds) at call rUbiyvtßúTijlk;)anedayesrI ¬rdæKµandak;kMhit RtYtRta¦ free currency
rUbiyvtßúTUTat; payment currency, account currency rUbiyvtßúTUeTA (M2) total liquidity (M2)
rUbiyvtßúTaMgGs; monetary aggregate
rUbiyvtßúniym monetarism
rUbiyvtßúnIykmµ monetarisation, ~ én»nPaB monetarisation of the deficit rUbiyvtßúénkic©snüa currency of the contract
rUbiyvtßúbreTs foreign currency
rUbiyvtßúepSg² quasi-money
rUbiyvtßúminGacbþÚr ¬ykrUbiyvtßúdéT¦)an inconvertible currency rUbiyvtßúykmkKitKUr currency of account
rUbiyvtßúGacbþÚrykrUbiyvtßúepSg)an convertible currency rUbiyaNtþi bill/letter of exchange
rUbiyaNtþiFnaKar ¬lixitbBa¢aeGayFnaKar ebIkR)ak;¦ bank draft
rUbiyaNtþikMNt;ry³eBlxøI short bill
rUbiyaNtþiEdlRtUv)anbdiesF dishonoured bill of exchange rUbiyaNtþibgðaj sight bill (payable at sight) rUbII adj. tangible/ RTBüskmµ ~ rW RTBü ~ tangible assets rYceTas/ PaB impunity
rYcBn§/ Edl duty-free, TMnijrYcBn§ duty free goods rYcBn§/ eGay v. waive tax
rYbrYmKña adj. united
rYbrYmKña/ kar cohesion
rYm adj. collective, ksidæan ~ collective
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farm, kmµsiT§i ~ collective ownership
rYmKña ¬karTTYlxusRtUv¦ joint, karTTYl xusRtUv ~ nigerog²xøÜn joint and several liability rYmKñaCaFøúgmYy unified as one
rYmcMENk v. participate
rYmEtmYy unified
rYmviPaKTan v. contribute
rYmsM)ac;/ kar cohesion
erITMnij/ kar unloading of goods
erIb/ kar ¬esdækic©¦ recovery (economy)
erIseGIg/ kar discrimination, ~
kñúgkarkMNt;éfø price discrimination
erIseGIg/ Edlmin non-discriminatory
erOgkþI lawsuit
erobcMtamlMdab; ¬Éksar¦ v. collate
erobcMtMelIg/ kar installation, cMNay pÁMútMelIg installation cost
erobcMeLIgvij/ kar reorganisation
erobcMeLIgvij/ kMcI)an ¬BnüaeBlsg¦ restructured loan erobtamlMdab; v. sort
erobry formal, vis½y ~ formal sector
erobrab;dUcxageRkam/ man undermentioned
erxUbnIykmµ digitalised, esdækic© ~ digitalised economy Er:/ karyk rW GaCIvkmµEr: mining
Er:cMraj; mineral concentrate
érGgÁas v. raise, ~ mUlniFi raise fund
érGgÁasmUlniFi/ kar fund raising
eraKvinicä½y n. diagnosis
eraKsBaØ symptom
eragcRk factory, plant
eragCag workshop
rMkil/ Epnkar rolling plan rMj½r vibration
rMxan/ kar disturbance, ~ edaysMelg noise disturbance rMBwgTuk ¬rW Edl ~¦ expected, R)ak;cMeNj ~
expected profit, eBlevla ~ expected time
rMBwgTuk/ karFøak;cuHmin unexpected fall
rMBwgsmehtupl/ kar rational expectation
rMePIbcitþ/ bMNgTijeday emotional buying motive rMls; depreciation
rMls;fyCalMdab;/ viFI declining balance method of depreciation rMls;bgçM/ viFIKit accelerated depreciation method rMls;bMNul n. amortisation of a debt
rMls;mUlFn capital amortisation
rMls;esµIPaK/ viFI straight-line depreciation method rMlay/ kar ¬Rkumh‘un¦ dissolution, liquidation, winding-up
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rMlaybBa©ÚlKña/ kar ¬Rkumh‘unBIr rW eRcIn¦ merger
rMlwk/ lixit ¬]> eGaymkbg;Bn§¦ reminder letter rMElkGMNac v. delegate power
rMelaP ¬c,ab;>>¦ v. violate
rMelaPykdI/ kar land encroachment
rMelaPsiTi§CaÉkCn/ kar invasion of privacy
rMelaPesckþITukcitþ/ kar abuse of fiduciary
rMsay v. ¬kgT½B¦ demobilise
raMgxÞb;\T§iBl v. counterbalance
raMgsÞH/ PaB bottleneck
l
lk; v. sell, ~ xat sell at a loss, ~ edjéfø sell at auction, ~ eCO sell on credit
lk; rW sMrab;lk; ¬BaküsresrelIpøakRbkas¦ for sale lk;¼Tij edayTUTat;sgbNþak;/ kar instalment sales credit or instalment plan buying lk;/ kar sale
lk;/ Gñk seller, vendor
lk;eRkamtMél ¬edIm¦ v. sell below cost, undersell lk;eRkayeBlkS½yFn/ RbmUl v. sell up
lk;cuHéføtamkarbg;Casac;R)ak;/ kar cash discount
lk;eCO/ kar sale on credit, credit sale
lk;dac;tamkic©snüaRtwmRtUv/ kar firm sale
lk;dac;bMput/ esovePA best seller
lk;dMu/ kar wholesale, éfølk;dMu wholesale price lk;dMu/ Gñk wholesaler
lk;)anéfø ¬elIsFmµta¦/ Edl at a premium
lk;efakCag v. undercut (somebody’s price), undersell lk;bgçÚcéfø/ kar dumping, Bn§Tb;Tl;nwg ~ dumping duty lk;plitplelITIpSar v. market a product
lk;minecj/ Edl unmarketable
lk;ykCasac;R)ak;/ kar cash sale
lk;ykR)ak;Pøam/ kar cash down sale (can be paid in cash or cheque but not credit card) lk;y:aggay/ Gac marketable
lk;ray v. sell retail
lk;ray/ GaCIvkmµ¼BaNiC¢kmµ retail-trade business lk;ray/ Gñk retailer
lk;elITIpSar v. market
lk;LayLúgbegðIysþúk/ kar clearance sale
lk;LayLúgmuneFVIsareBIP½NÐ/ kar ¬edIm,I[ RsLHXøaMg¦ stocktaking sale
lk;eGaysgbNþak;/ kar sale on
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instalment plan lkçxNÐ clause, ~ énkic©snüa clause of a contract lkçxNÐ condition, ~ eFVIkargar working
condition, ~ begáItkatBVkic© condition
precedent, ~ bBa©b;katBVkic© condition subsequent lkçxNÐ terms, ~ FUrRsal easy terms,
~ énkic©snüa terms of a contract, ~ TUTat; terms of payment, ~ eyag ¬sMrab;epÞógpÞat;¦terms of reference, ~ lk; terms of sale
lkçxNÐ/ PaBman conditionality
lkçxNÐ/ edayman conditional, karTTYl RBm ~ conditional acceptance
lkçxNÐxanmin)an sine qua non condition
lkçxNÐtwgEtg harsh conditions
lkçxNÐTUTat;gayRsYl easy terms of payment lkçxNÐFmµCati natural condition
lkçxNÐmantaMgBImun pre-existing condition lkçxNÐsgGnueRKaH soft repayment terms
lkçxNÐesdækic© economic conditions
lkçxNÐGnueRKaHbMputEpñkBaNiC¢kmµ Most Favoured Nation (MFN) clause lkçxNÐ\NTan credit terms
lkçxNÐGnueRKaHbMputEpñkBaNiC¢kmµ MFN (Most Favoured Nation clause)
lkçN³TUeTA/ kareFVI[man generalisation
lkçN³vinicä½y criteria, criterion
lkçN³sm,tþi qualification
lkçN³sMKal; feature
lkçnþik³ charter, statute, articles of association (UK), by-laws (US) lT§kmµ acquisition, procurement, eFVI ~ v. acquire lT§kmµBl ¬m> GMNacTij¦ purchasing power lT§pl result, outcome, performance
lT§pl/ karKµan non-performance
lT§pl/ EdlKitBI adj. pragmatic
lT§plkargar/ kareFVIcMNat;fñak; performance rating lT§plrkeXIj finding
lT§PaB/ Edlx<s;hYs prohibitive (i.e price or value) lT§PaBeTAdl; rW pøÚveTAdl; access
lT§PaBeFVIdMeNIrtamsmuRT seaworthiness
lT§PaB)aneRbIR)as; access
lT§PaBsgbMNul solvency
lT§iRbCaFibetyüesrIBhubkS liberal democracy and pluralism or liberal multi-party democracy lubbMNul ¬ecjBIbBa¢I¦ v. write off a debt
lak;elom v. conceal, karlak;elom concealment
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lagluykxVk;/ kar money laundering
lanlan/ mYy one trillion
laPkar remuneration, pþl; ~ v. remunerate lay combine
laycMruHKña heterogeneous
laylkçN_GkSr/ Ca written, in writing
laElgBItMENg/ kar resignation
lixit letter, note, ~ ecj outgoing letter,
~ CUndMNwg advice note, ~ bBa¢ÚnTMnij
dispatch note, ~ \NTan¼ \NBn§ credit/debit note lixitKaMRTRKwHsßansaxa ¬kñúgkarrkx©IR)ak;¦ letter of comfort lixitqøgEdn passport
lixiteqøIyqøgGaCIvkmµ business correspondence lixitCUndMNwgkarRbmUlR)ak; collection advice lixitCUndMNwgbBa¢ÚnTMnij dispatch/shipment/ forwarding advice lixiteCOTukcitþ trust letter
lixitefáaleTas ¬rbs;tulakar¦ judicial records lixitefáaleTas ¬rbs;b:UlIs¦ copy of the police record lixitEføgsc©a ¬GHGagsc©PaBcMeBaHmuxc,ab;¦ affidavit lixitTTYlCMBak; IOU (I owe you)
lixitTarR)ak; debt-collection letter
lixitbTdæan ¬m> bTbBa¢a¦ regulations
lixitbBa¢ak;eKalbMNg letter of intent
lixitbBa¢ak;faKµaneTas letter of non-conviction lixitbBa¢ÚnTMnij shipping note
lixitebIkpøÚv laissez-passer
lixitbMNul debenture
lixitbþÚrykR)ak; ¬eBlbgðajFnaKar¦ demand bill/draft lixitRbkas declaration, return, ~ sareBI Bnæ tax declaration/return, ~ sareBIBn§ EdlKµanbMNulBn§RtUvbg; nil return
lixitRbKl;TMnij ¬eGayeTAGtifiCnCamYyKña nwgTMnij¦ delivery note
lixitepÞrsiT§i rW lixitRbKl;siT§i letter/power /warrant of attorney lixitpøas;bþÚr ¬m> rUbiyaNtþi¦ bill of exchange
lixitsYrB½t’man letter of inquiry
lixitGnuBaØat certificate/letter of approval lixitebskkmµ mission letter
lixitGnuBaØat permit, licence, ~ sagsg; building permit, ~ naMecj¼naMcUl
export/import permit, ~ eGayeFIVkar ¬sMrab;CnbreTs¦ work permit
lixitGnuBaØatBITIcat;karKy customs permit
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lixitGmÉksar covering letter (GB), cover letter (US) lixit\NTan letter of credit, ~ Edl)an TTYlsÁal; acceptance letter of credit
lixit]eTÞsnam ¬GñktMNag¦ designation letter lixitUbkrN_cUlCaPaKI instrument of accession lixitUbkrN_énkarpþl;sc©ab½n instrument of ratification lixitUbkrN_sMrab;Kahk bearer instrument/ paper licTwk adj. inundated, éRB ~ inundated forest lukluy/kar invasion
lubecal v. abolish
lubecal v. cancel, ~ karbBa¢aTij cancel/
withdraw an order, karlubecal cancellation
lubecalkic©snüa rescind v. a contract
lubvij)an/ sar\NTanGac revocable letter of credit luy money, karlagluykxVk; money laundering luyekþA hot money (money moving from one country to another to get best interests...) luyRkdas paper money
lUtlas;/ kar growth, development
lYc\v:an;kñúghag/ kar shoplifting
elIkdak; ¬TMnij¦/ kar handling (goods)
elIkdak;TMnijecjcUlk)a:l;/ kar stevedoring
elIkTwkcitþ/ kar encouragement
elIkTwkcitþ/ eRKÓg¼kar incentive,
~ vinieyaK investment incentive
elIkTwkcitþ/ R)ak; incentive bonus
elIkElg/ kar exemption, waiver, ~ Bn§ tax exemption elIkElgeTas/ kar amnesty
elIkvarkal v. adjourn
elIksÞÜy/ kar enhancement
elIs v. exceed
elIs adj. excess, GIv:an; ~ TMgn; ¬CiHynþehaH¦ excess luggage elIs ¬tMrUvkarplit¦/ smtßPaB ~ overcapacity, excess capacity elIslb;/ PaKeRcIn overwhelming majority
elx/ karecH numeracy
elxna entry (accounting), ~ biTbBa¢I closing entries, ~ pÁúM compound entry,
~ samBaØ simple entry
elxnabRBa©as rW elxnabdiPaK ¬edIm,IlubecalnUv elxnamun¦ contra entry, counterpart entry elxsMKal;pÞal;xøÜn Personal Identification Number (PIN) elxharI messenger
elxGtþsBaØaNbuKÁl Personal
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Identification Number (PIN) elxaFikar secretary, GKÁ ~ secretary
general, rdæ ~ secretary of state
elxaFikardæan secretariat
elgEl,gTijdUrsnøwkh‘un gamble on the stock exchange élEck v. allocate, FnFanEdl)an ~ allocated resources élEck/ kar allocation, ~ KMrUtag sample
allocation, ~ smamaRt proportional allocation élTuk ¬edayELk¦ v. earmark
elakniti civics
lMdab; order, ~ esdækic©GnþrCatifµI new international economic order (NIEO) lMdab;éf¶Ex/ tam chronological order
lMnwg equilibrium, éfø ~ equilibrium price lMnwg/ PaBKµan disequilibrium
lMenA domicile, ~ edIm domicile of origin, man ~ pøÚvkarenAkm<úCa domiciled in Cambodia lMnaM pattern, ~ vilpøas;bþÚrKña patern of
rotation, ~ esdækic© economic pattern
lM)ak difficult, hard
lMhUr flow
lMhUrKMhukcUl influx
lMhUrcUl inflow, ~ BIbreTs ¬CMnYy/ rUbiyb½NÑ>>>¦ foreign inflows
lMhUrecj outflow
lMhUrelOnecjmUlFn flight of capital
lMhUrsac;R)ak; cash flow, r)aykarN_ ~
cash flow statement, karviPaK ~ cash flow
analysis, ~ viC¢man positive cash flow
lMGit adj. detailed, bTbBa¢a ~ detailed instruction lMeGog bias, \t ~ unbiased, ~ kñúgcMelIy response bias, ~ énkar)a:n;sµan estimation
bias, ~ ykKMrUtag sampling bias
lMeGog/ PaB ¬kñúgkarCYyKaMRT¦ partiality
lMeGog/ min impartial
lHbg; ¬siT§i/ kartv:a>>>¦ give up or waive (right, claim...) lHbg;siT§/ kar waiver
elaHxøÜn/ R)ak; ransom
l,ickic©klminl¥/ Gñklk;Edlman mala fide seller el,Is n. excess
el,Óncracr velocity of circulation,
~ rUbiyvtßú velocity of money
lµm ¬]> minefakminéfø¦ adj. moderate
elµIs ¬c,ab;/ kic©snüa¦ v. infringe, kar ~ infringement elµIs v. contravene
elµIskic©snüa/ kar breach of contract
elµIsc,ab; unlawful, meFüa)ay ~
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unlawful means elµIsvin½y/ kar breach of discipline
l¥itl¥n; rW briyayy:agl¥itl¥n; elaborate
el¥óg error, ~ kñúgkareRCIsKMrUtag sample
selection error, ~ kñúgkarvas;Evg error in
measurement, ~ b:Hb:UvKña compensating
errors, ~ EpñkTsSnaTan conceptual error,
~ ykKMrUtag sampling error
v
vKÁGnuvtþ workshop
vdþ cycle, ~ énPaBRkIRk cycle of poverty,
~ eronsURtedaydkBiesaFn_ experimental
learning cycle, ~ esdækic© economic cycle
vDÆnPaB progress, ~ smas compound growth vNѳ class, ~ sgÁm social class
vNѳkNþal ¬rW vNѳKhbtI¦ middle class
vNѳGPiCn nobility
vtßúFatuedIm raw material
vtßúFatueRbIR)as; consumables
vtßúFana/ edayKµan without security
vtßúniTÞsSn_ feature
vtßúbBa©aM object in pawn, collateral
vtßúpÁt;pÁg; supply, provision
vtßúmantMél valuables
vtßúrwb)an spoils
vb,Fm’ culture, ~ rYceTas culture of impunity v½yekµg/ RbCaCn young people
v:arIy:g; variance (statistics), ~ cMelIy Tak;Tin correlated response variance,
~ cMelIysamBaØ simple response variance vaTb,divaT rW vaTRbtivaT controversy
vaytMél/ kar appraisal, ~ CnbTedayman karcUlrYm participatory rural appraisal (PRA) vaytMél/ kar assessment, ~ PaBRkIRkeday mankarcUlrYm participatory poverty assessment (PPA) vaytMél/ kar evaluation, ~ KMerag\NTan
credit project evaluation, ~ eRkayeBl KMeragcb; ex-post project evaluation, ~
FnFan nigtMrUvkar demand and resource evaluation (DARE) vaytMéleLIgvij v. reassess, kar ~ reassessment, revaluation vaynPNÐ textile, ]sSahkmµ ~ textile industry vaynPNÐ/ TMnij textile, soft goods
vaybenßak v. underrate
vayBn§/ Gñk ¬m> kMNt;Bn§/ Gñk¦ assessor of taxes vaysµan/ kar speculation, ~ suT§saF pure
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speculation varIvb,kmµ aquaculture
varIGKÁisnI/ sMNg; hydropower construction vas;)an/ PaBGac measurability
vas;EvgPaBmancMeNj/ kar measurement of profitability vikáybRt invoice, bill, ~ kMBugbBa¢Ún bill in
transit, ~ Ky customs invoice, ~ dwk CBa¢Únsrub groupage/grouped bill of
lading, ~ RtUvsg bill payable, ~ RtUvsg enAeBlbgðaj bill at sight, ~ beNþaHGasnñ pro forma invoice, ~ eGayRbmUlR)ak; bill
sent for collection, ~ lk; ¬TMnij¦ sale
invoice, ~ BaNiC¢kmµ commercial invoice
viC¢man/ CBa¢IgTUTat; positive balance of payments viC¢aCIv³ adj. professional, esah‘uy ~
professional fees, karrkSasMgat; ~ professional secrecy viC¢aCIv³esrI liberal profession
viC¢anaTIBlrdæ civics
viC¢asßanCatisßiti National Institute of Statistics (NIS) viBaØabnkmµ/ lixit notarial deed
viBaØabnb½Rt certficate, ~ TMgn; certificate
of weighing, ~ epJIR)ak; certificate of
deposit, ~ RbPBedImTMnij certificate of
origin, ~ bBa¢ak;BIkEnøgEkécñ certificate of
processing, ~ bBa¢ak;KuNPaB certificate
of quality, ~ bBa¢ak;suxPaBl¥ clean bill of
health, ~ BinitüeraKqøg certificate of
quarantine, viBaØabnb½RtGnusidæ certificate of registration vitikmµFnsaFarN³ ¬karekjRbv½Ba©RTBüsm,tþi saFarN³¦ misappropriation of public funds vitßarkmµ ¬m> BRgIk/ kar¦ expansion vieTsP½NÐ ¬m> TMnijnaMcUl¦ imports viTüal½y high school, Gnu ~ junior high school viTüasaRsþvas;Evgesdækic© econometrics
viTüasaRsþesdækic© economics, applied economics viFan rule, ~ RbugRby½tñ prudential rule
viFankar measure, ~ esdækic© economic
measure, ~ sareBIBn§ fiscal measure
viFankarkarBarplitplkñúgRsuk protectionist measure viFanTUeTA/ tam as a general rule
viFI method, ~ Tajehtupl deductive method viFIedaHRsayBIrpøÚv two-track approach
viFIsaRsþ approach, ~ CYyxøÜnÉg self-help approach viFIsaRsþ methodology
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viFIsaRsþ ¬viPaK¦ tamEbbKuNPaB qualitative method viFIsaRsþ ¬viPaK¦ tamEbbbrimaN quantitative method vinicä½y/ kar judgment
vinieyaK investment, Gñk ~ investor, GaCJa b½NÑ ~ investment licence, ~ saFarN³ public investment, ~ pÞal;BIbreTs foreign direct investment (FDI) vinieyaK rW eFVIvinieyaK invest
vinieyaK/ kardkTunQb; disinvestment
vinieyaKcMruH joint venture
vinieyaKCamUlb½Rt ¬PaKh‘unTaMgGs;rbs; vinieyaKinNamñak;¦ portfolio investment
vinieyaKbnþ v. ¬vinieyaKR)ak;cMeNjeTAkñúg GaCIvkmµvij¦ reinvest, plough back
vinieyaKbnøas; replacement investment
vinieyaKbreTs foreign investment
vinieyaKmansuvtßiPaBx<s; ¬]> b½NÑrtnaKar¦ gilt-edged investments vinieyaKrUbvnþ physical investment (materials, money...) vinieyaKCah‘un/ kar equity investment
vinieyaKeLIgvij v. reinvest
vinieyaKin investor
vinÞPaB ¬m> cMeNj/ PaBman¦ gain vibtiþ crisis, ~ hirBaØvtßú financial crisis, ~
bMNul debt crisis
vi)ak/ EdlCa consequential
vibulPaB prosperity
viPaK/ kar analysis, ~ BIéføedIm cost analysis,
~ eRKaHRbeTs country-risk analysis,
~ m:aRkUesdækic© macroeconomic analysis viPaKcMNaynigplcMeNj/ kar cost-benefit
analysis, ~ xagsgÁmkic© social cost-benefit analysis (SCBA), ~ xagesdækic© economic
cost-benefit analysis (ECBA), ~ hirBaØvtßú financial cost-benefit analysis (FCBA) viPaKTan contribution, ~ CasMPar³ contribution in kind viPaKénevTyitPaB sensitivity analysis
viPaKlMhUrsac;R)ak;Kittamry³eBl discounted cash flow (DCF) analysis viPaCn_/ R)ak; financial appropriation/ allocation viPaCn_RKYsar family allowance(s)
vimCÄkar decentralisation, GMNac ~
decentralised power, eFVI ~ decentralise
viercnkmµ ¬m> visuT§ikmµ¦ purge
vivtþn_/ kar evolution, dMeNIkar ~ evolving process vivnkar ¬m> éRBeQI/ karkab;¦ deforestation
vivaT n. dispute, ynþkaredaHRsay ~
dispute settlement mechanism, ~ dIFøI land dispute
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visC¢na ¬m> karepJIR)ak;ecj¦ remittance
visPaK/ visman heterogenous
vismta disequilibrium
vismFn/ r)ay unequal wealth distribution
vismPaB inequality, ~ énR)ak;cMNUl income inequality vismamaRt disproportionate, ~ cMnYnsac; R)ak; disproportionate amount of cash
vismitPaB incompatibility vishmCÄkar deconcentration
vis½y sector, TUTaMg ~ sectorwide, tam ~
sectoral, kMrit ~ sectoral level
vis½yminTak;TgnwgRKYsar non-household sector visaNU ¬m> vIrus¦ virus
visamBaØ/ sm½yRbCMu extraordinary session
visalPaB scope
visuT§ikmµ purge
viessanumanviFI ¬m> viFITajehtupl¦ deductive method viesaFnkmµ amendment (of a law, contract...) visMBaFesdækic© economic depression
vIedGU video
vIrus virus, ~ kMuBüÚT½r computer virus
vwkvr/ kar upheaval, ~ kñúgsgÁm social upheaval
evKBl ¬m> el,Óncracr¦ evC¢saRsþ adj. medical, CMnYy ~ medical
assistant, GñkCMnYy ~ medical aid, Gñk ~ medic evTyitkmµbBa©úHbBa©Úl/ eFVI v. lobby
evTyitPaB ¬sßiti¦ sensitivity, viPaKén ~ sensitivity analysis evTika forum, platform
Evgq¶ay/ EdlemIleXIj far-sighted
s
skmµ/ ya:g lively
skmµRKb;RKg proactive
skmµeT,Ig/ eFVIeGay v. activate
skmµRbyuT§ proactive
skmµPaB activity, ~ GaCIvkmµ business activity saklPavUbnIykmµesdækic© globalisation of economy
skçIkmµ proof
skçIkmµ/ cMNayman justified expense
skçIb½Rt supporting document (accounting)
skçIb½Rt ¬b½NÑcMNay¦ voucher
skçIb½RtcuHbBa¢I journal voucher
skçIb½Rt\NTan credit slip
skþanuBl n. potential
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skþanuPaB potentiality
skþanuPUt adj. potential
skþiPUminiym feudalism
skþisiT§i effective, PaB ~ effectiveness
sg ¬karxUcxat¦ v. pay compensation, recompense sgkarR)ak; v. service a debt
sgtambBa¢a v. pay to order
sgtambBa¢a adj. payable to order
sgbNþak;/ kar ¬]> tamEx¦ payment by instalments sgbNþak;/ R)ak; instalment, RbB½n§ ~ instalment system sg)an payable
sgR)ak;CMBak; pay the balance
sgR)ak;CMBak;/ kar back payment
sgR)ak;bNþak;/ kar deferred payments
sgR)ak;eBlbgðajÉksar pay at sight, kar ~ sight payment sgpþac; redeem, ~ bMNul redeem a debt
sgpþac;/ kar redemption, ~ nUvRTBüvinieyaKredemption of investment materials sgvij v. pay back, refund, reimburse,
kar ~ repayment, reimbursement
sgvij/ R)ak; repayment, refund
sgeGayGñkkan; v. & adj. 1. pay to bearer 2. payable to bearer sgát;cuH ¬TIpSar/ GarmµN_/ Qñan;RhVaMgrfynþ >>>¦
v. depress
sgát;F¶n; v. emphasise
sgáat;RkIRk ¬rexkrxak¦ slum, Gñkrs;enAkñúg ~ slum-dwellers
segát v. observe, esckþI ~ observation
segát ¬emIl¦/ kar observation
segçb/ esckþI ¬GtßbT¦ executive summary
segçbsMrab;eKalneya)ay policy brief
sgÁtPaB ¬m> suIKña/ PaB¦ consistency sgÁm society, ~ ksikmµ agrarian society,
~ suIvil civil society
sgÁmCati nation
sgÁmviTüa sociology
sgÁhFn mutual fund
sgÁhsmaKm mutual societies
sRgÁam/ sßanPaBsßitkñúg act of war
s®gÁam/ ehtuekIteLIgeday act of war
s®gÁamraMuér: protracted war
se®gÁaHEpñkmnusSFm’/ kar humanitarian relief
sgS½y/ eday\t undoubted
sc©karP½NÐ ¬m> vtßúbBa©aM¦ collateral, object in pawn sc©FarN_ presumption, ~ énnireTas presumption of innocence
sc©anumti ratification
sc©aRbNiFan oath of allegiance
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sc©avIkrN_ confession
sCÄtþikr ¬m> suT§¦ net, tMél ~ net cost
sCÄnþik³ intrinsic
sBa¢½y savings, KNnI ~ savings account
sBaØa/ sBaØasMKal; ¬TMnij¦ brand
sBaØaxn§ perception
sBaØaN notion
sBaØab½NÑ bond ( issued by a company
to borrow money), Tinñpl ~ bond yield,
~ rdæaPi)al government bonds
sBaØab½NÑÑ debenture, Gñkkan; ~ debenture holder sBaØaBaNiC¢kmµ commercial mark
sNþab;Fñab; order, ~ saFarN³ public
order, ~ sgÁm social order
sNæan/ éfø shadow price
stüanum½t adj. ¬QrelIkarBitCak;Esþg¦ objective
stVciBa©wm ¬ykpl¦ livestock
stVéRB wildlife, EdnCMrk ~ wildlife sanctuary stVGUsTaj draft animals (US), draught animal (GB) sTÞanuRkm glossary, lexicon
sT§aTan liberality, liberal gift, generosity, gratuity
sT§aluPaB ¬m> gayeCO/ PaB¦ credulity
sniTankmµ rationalisation, ~ m®nþIraCkar rationalisation of civil servants sniTankmµ/ eFVI v. rationalize
sniTanPaB rationality, rationale
sniTanIy ¬m> smehtupl¦ rational snþrRbevsn_ ¬m> cMNakRsuk¦ migration snþiPaB/ karksag peace building
snþisux security, ~ Blkmµ labour security,
~ es,óg food security
snþisuxsgÁm social security, viPaKTan ~ social security contribution snÞna/ kar¼kic© rW snÞnakar conversation
snÞnIyPaB liquidity
snÞsSn_ index
snÞsSn_éføTMnijeRbIR)as; consumer price index (CPI) snÞsSn_britþprNa pss GDP deflator
snÞsSn_ebovtSr_/ kardak; wage indexation
snÞidæPaB understanding, mutual understanding
snÞúHeCOneTAmux momentum
snÞúHCMruj n. impetus
sn§isBaØa treaty
snñidæan/ kar conclusion, inference
snñiFi stock
snñiFikark³ ¬m> snSMR)ak;/ Gñk¦ saver
snñi)at convention
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snñisIT conference
snñisITkMBUl summit
snµtCamun presumption
snµtikmµ rW karsnµt convention
snüa/ kar promise, pledge
snüacMNay/ kar promise to pay (French: engagement de dépense) snüatamhtßelxa/ kar ¬FnaKar¦ guarantees and commitments under signature (banking) snüalk;Cak;lak;/ kar firm offer
snøwkdac;BIKña/ esovePAFM loose-leaf ledger
snøwkh‘un share, stock
snSM/ R)ak; savings, KNnIsnSM savings account snSM ¬R)ak;¦/ Gñk saver
snSMTukEtm/ kar collection of stamps
snSMsMéc economise
snSMsMéc/ Epnkar thrift plan
snSMsMécfamBl/ kar energy conservation sb,úrsFm’ charity
s½BÞb½Rt ¬katTUrs½BÞ¦ phone card
sPaK ¬m> esµIsac;¦ homogenous
sPapat;Tat; clearing house (banking)
sPaBaNiC¢kmµ chamber of commerce
smkalkmµ synchronisation
smta ¬m> lMnwg¦ equilibrium
smtulü balance, ~ edImRKa¼cugRKa opening/
closing balance, ~ TMnijnigesva balance
on goods and services, ~ enACMBak; outstanding balance, ~ manelx ¬minsUnü¦ open balance, ~ viC¢man¼GviC¢man positive/
negative balance, ~ minTan;TUTat; unpaid
balance, ~ \NTayI¼\Nayik credit/debit balance
smtßkic©/ man competent, GaCJaFr ~ competent authority smtßPaB capacity, kñúg ~ tampøÚvc,ab; in a
legal capacity, ~ plit production
capacity, ~ pÞúk load-carrying capacity,
~ eBjelj full capacity, ~ rkR)ak; earning
capacity, ~ elIs excess capacity
smtßPaB ¬eFVIGVImYy¦ capability
smtßPaB/ kar)at;bg; incapacity
smtßPaB/ man capable, efficient, kmµkr ~ efficient worker smtßPaBxagbBaØa mental ability
smtßPaBsgbMNulrbs;Gñkx©I credit rating
smFm’ equity, mUlniFi ~ equity fund,
~ sgÁm social equity
smFm’/ Kµan unfair
smFm’/ eday equitable
smFm’/ man fair, with equity
smPaKI counterpart
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smPaB equality, ~ énR)ak;cMNUl incomeequality smmitþ n. comrade
smmUl equivalent, ~ nig equivalent to,
tMél ~ equivalent value
smrmü fair, reasonable, éfø ~ fair/
reasonable price, PaB ~ fairness
smlµm adequate
smlµm/ min inadequate
smRsb adj. appropriate, bec©kviTüa smRsb ~ appropriate technology
smRsb/ min inappropriate, unsuitable
smehtupl adj. rational, karrMBwg ~ rational expectation
sm½yRbCMu session, ~ eBjGgÁ plenary session smaKt partner
smaKm association, ~ dwkCBa¢ÚnpøÚvGakas GnþrCati International Air Transport Association (IATA)
smac½y ¬m> bgÁrTuk¦ accumulate
smac½yTun capital accumulation
smaCikbMrug reserve member (of a committee) smaCikPaB membership
smankmµ ¬kareFVIeGayRCYtRCab¦ assimilation
smancitþ sympathy
smaPaK ratio, karviPaK ~ ratio analysis
smaPaKkMeNIncMNUlBn§ eFobnwgkMeNIn plitplCatisrub marginal-tax ratio
smaPaKcMNUleFobnwgTunvinieyaK return on investment ratio
smaPaKplcMeNjeFobcMNay benefit-cost ratio
smaPaKbMNul debt ratio
smaPaKrh½s quick ratio
smaPaKsmlµménTun capital adequacy ratio smamaRt proportion, karélEck ~
proportional allocation, ~ nwg in proportion to
smayat ¬m> kUta¦ smasFatu element
smasPaK component
smasPaB composition
smahrNkmµ integration, ~ ]sSahkmµ integration of industry, ~ bBaÄr vertical
integration, ~ esdækic© economic integration
smitPaB ¬PaBcUlKñacuH¦ compatibility
smiT§ikmµ/ smiT§ipl realisation
smiT§ilT§PaB/ karsikSaBI feasibility study
smIkar equation
smuc©½y collection
smUhPaB collectivity
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smUhPaB/ Ca collective, sñaéd ~ collective work smUhPavUbnIykmµ collectivisation
sm,Tan concession, ~ éRBeQI forest
concession, ~ éfø price concession
sm,Tan adj. concessional, concessionary
kMcIpþl; ~ concessional loan, lkçxNÐ ~ concessionary terms sm,Tan/ Edlminpþl; non-concessional
sm,Tanik concessionnaire, concession holder sm,rayikTan ¬m> tMélGnaKt¦ future value sm,rivtþn_ ¬m> pøas;bþÚr/ kar¦ change
sm<½n§kar liaison
sm<½n§PaB alliance
smµtikmµ hypothesis
smµamti/ eKalneya)ay orthodox policy
smµúxIkmµ ¬m> RbQmmuxKña/ kar¦ confrontation sresrCaelxkUd v. encode
sresrTak;TgxagCMnYj/ kar business correspondence
srIragÁ/ ksikmµ organic agriculture
srub total, aggregate, tMrUvkar¼karpÁt;pÁg; ~ aggregate demand/supply
srub gross, plitplkñúgRsuksrub gross domestic product (GDP)
srub total, ~ rYm grand total, ~ rg subtotal svnkmµ audit, auditing, nItiviFI ~ auditing
procedures, GaCJaFr ~ Cati National
Auditing Authority, ~ BIeRkA¼épÞkñúg
external/internal audit, ~ ÉkraCü independent audit svnkr auditor, ~ ÉkraCü independent auditor svnakar hearing
svnakarRbtibkS ¬svnakarEdlKUkþItTl;Kña¦ adversary proceeding
shkmµsiT§i co-ownership, shkmµsiT§ikr co-owner, co-proprietor shkrN_ n. cooperative, BaNiC¢kmµ ~ cooperative trade shkar/ kic© collaboration
shkal rW shsm½y contemporary
shk,d ¬karrYmKMnitk,t;¦ conspiracy
shRkumh‘un cartel
shRKas enterprise, firm, ~ esrI free
enterprise, ~ xñattUc small-scale enterprise
shRKasFuntUc nigmFüm small and medium enterprise (SME) shRKaspÁt;pÁg;saFarN³ public utilities
shRKasrdæ ¬rW shRKassaFarN³¦ state-owned enterprise shRKin entrepreneur
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shRKinPaB entrepreneurship shcugecaT co-defendant
shCIB trade union (GB), labour union (US) shCIB/ karcUl unionisation
shCIBhtßkr blue-collar union
shCIvin¼smmitþ n. comrade
shFn ¬RkumrdæFøab;enAkñúgcRkPBGg;eKøs¦ commonwealth, shFnrdæÉkraCü commonwealth of independent states shbdiPaK ¬GñkRKb;RKgkarkS½yFnEtgtaMg edaytulakar¦ trustee in bankruptcy
shRbtibtþikar cooperation, eFVI ~ v.
cooperate, EdleFVI ~ cooperative adj.
shRbFan co-chair
shB½T§ spouse
shPaKkmµ/ maRta rW kic©snüacUlh‘un articleof copartnership shPaBRkumh‘un company union shlkçnþik³m®nþIraCkarsuIvil co-statute of civil servants
shsm<½n§ correlation
shesvik colleague
sh\NTayk co-creditor
sehtu causal
sakl global
sakvb,kmµ horticulture
saksYr/ kar ¬B½t’man/ éfø>>>¦ inquiry, lixit ~ B½t’man letter of inquiry
saksYrB½t’man v. make enquiries
saxa ¬Rkumh‘unemkan;kab;h‘unTaMgGs;¦ branch,
wholly owned subsidiary, ~ enAbreTs overseas branches
saxapþl;hirBaØb,Tan financing arm
saKrsaRsþ oceanography
sagsg;-GaCIvkmµ-epÞr build, operate, transfer (BOT)
sac;jati n. relative
sac;R)ak; cash, CMnYs ~ cash substitute,
~ enAFnaKar cash in bank, ~ bnþicbnþÜc petty cash, ~ bMrug cash reserves, ~ man kñúgéd hard cash
sac;R)ak;kñúg ebLa¼éd cash in hand (GB), cash on hand (US) sac;R)ak;kñúgXøaMg vault cash
sac;R)ak;nigRTBügaybþÚrCasac;R)ak; liquidity
saCafµI/ eFVI ¬m> cMlgtam/ eFVI¦ replicate
saCIvkmµ corporation
saCIvkmµ public company or public limited company (PLC) saFnPaB solvency
saFnIy ¬EdlGacsgbMNul¦ solvent
saFarN³ adj. public, GgÁPaB ~ public
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entity, vis½y ~ public sector, esckþIRbkas CasaFarN³ ~ public proclamation
saFarN³kar public works
saFarNCn public, general public
saFarNCn/ EdlKitRbeyaCn_ public-spirited
saebkçPaB ¬PaBmanTMnak;TMng¦ relativity
samKÁIPaB solidarity
samBaØ ordinary, h‘un ~ ¬m> h‘unFmµta¦ ordinary share samBaØkmµ/ kareFVI simplification,
~ nItiviFIKy simplification of customs procedures
samyikPaB periodicity
samayik ¬m> tamkalkMNt;/ eTogeBl¦ periodic, timely samIbrivtþ alienator
sar message
sarkarI notary public
sarxøI² short message, note
sarFatu substance
sarFatueqH flammable substance
sarFatubMBul pollutant
sarB½t’man journal
sareBIBn§ adj. fiscal, RTBüskmµ ~ fiscal
asset, »nPaB ~ fiscal deficit, neya)ay ~
fiscal policy, qñaM ~ fiscal year
sareBIP½NÐ inventory, eFVIbBa¢I ~ draw up
an inventory
sareBIP½NÐ/ eFVI v. take stock, kar ~ stocktaking
sareBIP½NÐTMnijsMrab;lk; sales mix
sareBIP½NÐedIm qñaM¼RKa beginning inventory sarPaB/ kar confession
sarmÖ ¬m> RbkYtRbECg/ kar¦ competition
sarvnþ/ Ca essential, TMnij ~ essential goods
sar³sMxan; significance
sareGLicRtUnik/ GuIEml electronic mail or email sar\NTaneTscrN_ traveller’s letter of credit sar\NTanGaclubvij)an revocable letter of credit saracr circular
salRkm ¬tulakar¦ judgment
saldIka ruling (supreme court)
salakb½Rtpþl;TMnij due-card
sala kat;kþI¼CMrHkþI court or lawcourt
salamFümsikSa secondary school,
~ TutiyPUmi higher secondary school,
~ bzmPUmi lower secondary school
sala]T§rN_ apellate court
savta background
sikçasala seminar, workshop
sikSaenAkariyal½y/ kar desk study
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sikSabg;éfø/ kar tuition class
sikSaBIPaBGaceFVI)an/ kar feasibility study
sikSamunkarsikSaBIPaBGaceFVI)an/ kar pre-feasibility study sikSaEsVgyl;/ kar reconnaissance study
siT§anþ dogma
siT§i right, ~ bdiesFTImYy right of first
refusal, ~ e)aHeqñat voting right, ~ pþac;mux exclusive right siT§i/ Edlman eligible, ~ e)aHeqñat eligible to vote siT§i/ Edlman preferential, \NTaykman siT§iTarbMNulmun preferential creditor
siT§ikan;kab; n. ¬GclnRTBüCYl¦ tenancy
siT§iXat;Tuk lien
siT§icMlg copyright
siT§iqøgkat; ¬dIeK¦ right of way
siT§idkR)ak; ¬siT§isMux©I¦ drawing right,
~ sV½yRbvtþi automatic-drawing right
siT§idkBiess Special Drawing Rights (SDR) siT§iTijPaKh‘un ¬kñúgéføNamYyenAeBlNa mYy¦ naGnaKt share option
siT§iTijmuneK ¬nUvsnøwkh‘unecjpSayfµI EfmeTot¦ preemption
siT§iRbTan proxy
siT§ieRbIeQµaHBaNiC¢kmµ ¬edIm,IeFVIGaCIvkmµ¦ franchise
siT§ieRbIR)as;dIGñkdéT easement
siT§iPtisnüa ¬siT§iénkic©snüaCYl¦ right to the lease siTi§ls; ¬rbs;kUnbMNulGuIb:UEtk¦ equity of redemption siT§ieGayrksIupþac;muxtamEbbbTeK/ karpþl; business format franchising siT§iGMNac authority, power, mandate
siniT§Bl ¬kMlaMgpSarP¢ab;Kña¦ cohesion
sib,kmµ handicraft
sIlFm’ ethics, ~ viC¢aCIv³ ethics
sIlFm’ morality, man ~ l¥ good morality,
~ sgÁm social morality
swkerc/ kar wear and tear, depreciation
suRkitüPaB/ lkçxNÐ idealised condition
suxdumnIykmµ harmonisation
suxdumrmna/ PaB harmony
suxPaB/ karEfTaM health care
suxPaBl¥/ man adj. healthy
suxevTn_RbeTs welfare state
suxumalPaBRKYsar family well-being
suqnÞ³ n. goodwill
suTidiæniym optimism
suTidæi/ kar)a:n;sµan optimistic estimate
suT§ net, karnaMecj ~ net exports
suT§citþ/ eday free will
suBlPaB validity, pþl; ~ validate
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suPnicä½½y common sense
surieyadI cadastre
suvtßiPaB safety, sMNaj; ~ rWRbB½n§ ~safety net suvtßiPaB/ Kµan unsafe
suvuDÆikmµ ¬m> EklMG/ kar¦ amelioration suivil adj. civil
suIKña/ PaB coherence, consistency
suICMerA/ karvaytMél in-depth evaluation
suIDI vIedGU video CD
suIDIr:m CD-Rom
suaM ¬nwgCMgW¦/ PaB immunity
sUk v. bribe
sUcnakr ¬m> GaMDIkaT½r¦ indicator
sUhVEvr software (computer programme)
sYy rW sYysarGakr royalties
sYrbBa¢ak;sakSIepÞógpÞat;nwgcMelIyeBlmun v. cross-examine esovePAk,Ün manual
esovePAcMNaytUctac petty-cash book
esovePAcMNayR)ak; cash-disbursement book
esovePAcMNUlR)ak; cash-receipt book
esovePAFnaKar bank book
esovePAFM ledger (accounting), general
ledger, ~ Tij purchase ledger, ~ rg subsidiary ledger esovePAbnÞúk ¬sMrab;edjéfø¦ tender terms
and conditions book esovePAbnÞúkénkarvinieyaK book of investment esovePAebLasMéc savings-bank book
esovePAR)ak;beBaØI passbook
esovePA eyag¼RsavRCav reference book
esovePAs White Book
esovePAsgR)ak; cash paid book
se®gÁaH v. rescue, kar ~ n. rescue
se®gÁaH/ kar salvage ( ship or cargos)
se®gÁaHRkumh‘unCYbkarlM)akxaghirBaØvtßú v. bail out se®gÁaHbnÞan; emergency, kMcI ~ emergency
loan, KMerag ~ emergency project, mUlniFi ~ emergency fund viFankar ~ emergency measures esckþIEcg provision (law)
esckþIENnaM instruction, direction
esckþIéføfñÚr dignity
esckþIeTIbelIkeLIg foregoing
esckþIRbkas statement
esckþIRbkasCasaFarN³ public statement/ proclamation esckþIepþIm introduction
esckþIRBag draft
esckþIsMerc decision, kareFVI ~ decision making,
GñkeFVI ~decision maker, ~ tamc,ab; legal
decision, ~RbkbedayKti rational decision
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esckþIsMerccitþ ¬énGgÁRbCMu¦ resolution
esckIþsMercrbs;GaCJakNþal award
esdækic© economy, ~ kMBugegIbeT,Ig
emerging economies, ~ ggwt black
economy, ~ TIpSar market economy,
~ TIpSarerobry ¬rW ~ niy½tTIpSar ¦ market-
regulated economy, ~ TIpSaresrI free
market economy, ~ neya)ay political
economy, ~ ebIkcMh open economy,
~ eRbIR)ak;kas cash economy, ~ Epnkar planned economy, ~ EpnkarRbmUlpþúM centrally planned economy, ~ maRtdæan economies of scale, ~ mUlFn capitalist
economy, ~ rUbiyvtßú money economy,
~ vimCÄkar decentralised economy
esdækic©/ viTüasaRsþvas;Evg econometrics
esdækic©-sgÁmkic©/ Gegát socio-economic survey
esdækic©ÉkCn/ GgÁPaB private economic entity esdæBaNiC¢kmµ commercial dealing
esdæviTU economist
esNarIy:U scenario
esnaFikar executive body/entity/unit
esnaFikar ¬sßab½n¦ mecanism
esyümanH superiority complex
esrI free, pSar ~ free market, Rbtibtþikar elIpSar ~ open market operations
esrIPaBksagsmaKm freedom of association esrIPaBénBlrdæ civil liberty
esrIPavUbnIykmµ liberalisation, ~ BaNiC¢kmµ liberalisation of trade esvPaB easement
esva service, kic©snüa ~ service contract,
kMér ~ service fees, ]sSahkmµ ~ service
industry, ~ RckecjcUlEtmYy one-stop
service, ~ bnÞab;bnSM ancillary services,
~ bMNul loan service (interest payment),
~ hirBaØvtßú financial services, ~ Gb;rM education service
esvakmµ service
esvakmµTMnij/ RKwHsßan merchandising service establishment ess/ elx odd number
sesIr/ Edl complementary
esuIbGegát v. investigate
esaFnnivtþn_ retirement pension, pension,
mUlniFi ~ pension fund
esah‘uy expense, charge, ~ FnaKar bank charge esah‘uybegáItshRKasdMbUg initial outlay or initial capital outlay
sMxan;CagGVIÉeTot overriding (in text of
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law) sMgat; confidential
sMécFnFan/ karKitKUr husbanding of resources
sMEdg ¬tY¦ role play
sMedA oriented (orientated)
sMNg ¬karxUcxat/ CMgWcitþ¦ compensation, redress, indemnity sMNg/ eFVI v. indemnify
sMNgcMeBaHkarxUcxat/ ¬R)ak;¦ damages
sMNl; ¬fvika¦ excess
sMNl; ¬GVIEdlenAsl;¦ remainder
sMNl;/ tMél residual value
sMNak ¬m> KMrUtag¦ sample
sMNUk n. bribe, sIu ~ take a bribe
sMNUmBr demand
sMeNI proposal, ~ KMerag project proposal
sMeNI n. request
sMeNA voucher
sMNMuerOg dossier
sMNMuÉksar/ karksag documentation
sMbkevcx©b; packing, packaging
(accounting), ~ RbmUlvij¼epJITuk returnable
packing, ~ minRbmUlvij non-returnable packing
sMbuRtkMeNIt birth certificate
sMbuRtKaMRT ¬eGaycUleFVIkar¦ testimonial
sMBaF n. pressure, ~ hirBaØvtßú financial
pressure, dak; ~ v. put pressure
sMPar³ material
sMPas/ eFVIsMPas v. interview
sMPasn_muneBlpþl;CMnYy pre-grant interview
sMeyaK/ plitpl synthetic products
sMrg; extract
sMrg;KNnI statement of account,
~ BIFnaKar bank statement
sMrg;GtßbT n. abstract
sMrab; set (e.g. a set of six chairs)
sMruHsMrYl/ kar mediation
sMruHsMrYl/ Gñk mediator
sMrYl/ CYy v. facilitate
sMrYl/ ]bkrN_ facility, ~ sMrab;mUlniFibEnßm
extended fund facility (EFF), ~ sMrab; EktMrUvbEnßm extra-structural adjustment facility (ESAF)
sMrYlkar/ eRKOg¼kEnøg facilities
sMerc final, end, pl ~ end result
sMerc v. decide, KMnUsedImeQIénRbB½n§ ~ decision-tree
sMerc/ eFVI[sMerc v. realise
sMelgeqñat vote
sMelgPaKeRcIn ¬e)aHeqñat¦ majority
sMviFanFn provision reserve (accounting)
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sMviFanvtßú provision (supply)
sMviFanvtßú ¬sMrab;TUTat;mUlb,Tanb½Rt¦ fund (French: provision) sMGitsMGag/ kar ¬m> visuT§ikmµ¦ purge
saMjúaM complex, PaBsaMjúaM complexity
sÁal;/ TTYlsÁal; v. recognise
s¶ÜtEhg/ tMbn; arid area
sþg;dar ¬KuNPaB¦/ dl; up to standard sþg;dar standard, ~ GnþrCati international
standard, ~ bBa¢a compulsory standard,
~KuNPaB quality standard, ~ RBag draft standard sþg;darmas gold standard, RbB½n§bþÚr R)ak;tam ~ gold standard system sþg;darUbnIykmµ standardisation sþg;Dig standing (bank), FnaKarman ~ l¥ bank of good standing sþarCYsCuleGaydUcedIm/ kar restoration sþarhirBaØvtßúeLIgvij/ kar rehabilitation of finances sþareLIgvij rehabilitate, kar ~ rehabilitation,
KMerag ~ rehabilitation project sþITI interim sþúk inventory, b½NÑ ~ inventory stock card sþúk stock, ~ kñúgéd stock in hand, ~ cas; old stock, ~ eRcIn² stockpile, ~ edImRKa opening stock, ~ RtIFmµCati natural fish
stock, ~ TMnijsMrab;lk; stock in trade, ~
sMrab;Tb;Tl;karERbRbYl buffer stock sþúk/ kar ¬Tukdak;GIv:an;kñúgXøaMg¦ storage sþúk ¬Tuk¦/ kar stocking, stockpiling
sßanPaB status, TIPñak;garRsavRCav ~ Rkumh‘un status-inquiry agency sßanPaBKµansiT§iGMNac/ karRcancUl marginalisation sßanPaBCak;EsþgkMBugman status quo sßanPaBRtUveFVICMerIsd¾Bi)ak dilemma sßanIy station, ~ eKaledA station of
destination, ~ ecjdMeNIr station of origin sßabtükmµ architecture sßab½n institution, agency, ~ rdæ government
agency, ~ saFarN³Rbhak;RbEhl quasi-
public institution, ~ hirBaØvtßú financial
institution, ~ eGayx©IR)ak; lending
institution, ~ \NTan credit institution sßabnik founder sßabnikRkumh‘un company promoter sßabnUbnIykmµ institutionalisation, eFVI ~ institutionalise sßiti statistics sßirkmµ¼sßirPavUbnIykmµ stablilisation,
neya)ay ~ stabilisation policy, ~ rUbiyvtßú
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monetary stabilisation sßirPaB stability, ~ éføkñúgRsuk domestic
price stability, ~ esdækic© economic
stability, ~ m:aRkUesdækic© macroeconomicstability
sßirPaB/ EdlKµan unstable
sÞabsÞg; ¬mti¦ v. canvass
sÞabsÞg;TIpSar v. sound/test the market
sñak;enA/ GRta occupancy rate (hotel) sñaéd work, ~ sil,³ art work
sñÚl core, fvika ~ core budget, mUlniFi ~
core funding, FnFan ~ core resources
esñI v. request
esñI/ esckþI request, enquiry
esñóteBat ¬bEnø¦ baby corn
es,óg foodstuffs, food items
es,ógsMrab;Blkmµ ¬]> GgárBlkmµ¦ food for work s<wkRTwg/ kar stagnation, ~ esdækic© economic stagnation
s<wkRTwgmanGtiprNa/ kar stagflation (stagnation + inflation) sµ½RKcitþ/ karkat;bn§yeday voluntary restriction/limitation
sµúKsµaj complex, PaBsµúKsµaj complexity sµúKsµaj¼saMjúaM/ eFVIeGay v. complicate
esµIKña equal, equivalent
esµIPaB equality, equitable
esµIsac; homogenous
esµIsac;/ PaB homogeneity
esµIsac;/ min heterogenous
esµón clerk
esµaHRtg; bona fide, GñkTij ~ bona fide purchaser esµaHRtg;/ eday in good faith
esµaHsµ½RK/ kar ¬xagneya)ay¦ allegiance (politics)
Rsg;KMrUtag/ kar sample implementation
Rsgakcitþy:agxøaMg/ kar¼esckþI disillusion
RsTab; stratum, mFümPaKén ~ stratum mean RsTab;nIykmµ stratification, ~ dMbUg primary stratification RsTab;Er: n. deposit
Rsbc,ab; lawful
Rsbc,ab;/ min unlawful
RsbCamYy in compliance with
Rsbtamc,ab;/ eFVIeGay v. legalise
RsavRCav v. research, kar ~ n. research,
kar ~ nigGPivDÆn_ research and development (R & D) RsavRCavsMrab;Gnuvtþ/ kar applied research
RsUbcUl/ kar absorption, intake
RsUbyk/ smtßPaB absortive capacity
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RsUv paddy, karkin ~ paddy husking,
~ F¶n; late rice, ~ Rsal early rice, short-season rice eRsacRsB v. irrigate, kar ~ irrigation,
RbB½n§ ~ irrigation system
RbB½n§GnueRKaHTUeTA Generalised System of Preferences (GSP) RsuHRsYl/ kar compromise
søak ¬sMrab;biTelIplitpl¦ label
søab;rs;/ bBaða life or death issue
sV½yRKb;RKg self-managing
sVy½t autonomous, shRKas ~
autonomous enterprise, GgÁPaBesdækic© ~ autonomous economic entity sV½yTMgn; self-weighting
sV½yRTRTg; self-sustaining, self-supporting
sV½yPaB/ sVy½tPaB autonomy, sV½yPaB hirBaØvtßú financial autonomy
sV½yPi)alesdækic© economic autonomy
sV½ysMerc self-determination
sV½yhirBaØb,Tan self-financing
sV½yaFibetyü ¬esdækic©m©as;karxøÜnÉgpÞal; min BwgEp¥kelI karnaMecj-naMcUl rW CMnYyesdækic©¦ autarky (economy)
EsVgrkemIl v. identify
s¥at adj. clean, ynþkarGPivDÆn_ ~ clean development mechanism
s¥ats¥M/ PaB integrity
h
htßkmµ manual labour
htßekaslü craftsmanship
htßelxI signatory
h‘un share, karcUl ~ equity participation
h‘un/ PaKh‘un share, Gñkkan;PaKh‘un shareholder h‘unFmµta ordinary share, equities
h‘unGnueRKaH preference share hak;K½r ¬GñklYceRCotcUlkñúgRbB½n§kMuBüÚT½r GñkdéT¦ hacker
haglk;ray retail outlet
hat;kar/ Gñk trainee (GB), intern (US)
haniP½y exposure (banking), ~ FM large exposure haniP½y risk, karBicarNaBI ~ risk
consideration, ~ rdæaPi)alminGacsgR)ak; sovereign risk, ~ r:ab;rgedaym©as;¬TMnij¦
at owner’s risk, ~ \NTansrub aggregate credit risk hamXat;/ kar prohibition
hamXat;/ Edl adj. prohibitive (i.e by law)
higSa violence
hibexµA ¬begáItedaysMgat;¦ slush fund
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hirBaØb,Tan financing, ~ »nPaB deficit
financing, ~ kñúgRbeTs domestic
financing, ~ FnaKar bank financing
hirBaØb,Tan/ pþl;¼eFVI v. finance
hirBaØvtßú n. finance, KNenyü ~ financial
accounting, ~ saFarN³ public finance,
~ sßab½n institutional finance
hirBaØik n. treasurer
hInmanH inferiority complex
hUtBn§ v. tax, levy
hUr/ kar flow
hYskalkMNt;sg overdue, past-due, kMcI ~ overdue loan, bMNul ~ past-due debt
hYssm½y obsolete, outdated, PaB ~ obsolescence
ehdæarcnasm<½n§ infrastructure
ehtupl rationale
h‘¿uB½T§/ kar embargo, dak;¼elIk karh‘¿uB½T§ esdækic© place/lift an economic embargo
hÁat; ¬kic©RBmeRBogTUeTAsþIBItaragBn§Ky nig BaNiC¢kmµ¦ GATT (General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade) eRhVkg; ¬viTüú¦ frequency
hVIt/ hVÚt ¬rgVas;RbEvg¦ feet, foot
hVIúhVÚ Fifo (first in, first out)
EhSn gene, ksikmµécñ ~ GM agriculture,
karécñ ~ genetic modification, Ekécñ ~
modify a gene, lMdab; ~ genetic
sequence, sMNMu ~ genome, Gaharécñ ~ GM (genetically modified) food
L
Lúgbut ¬GUb½r¦ power boat
LÚt_ batch, elx ~ batch number
LÚt_/ dI plot of land
LÚsuik logic
eLIgcuH ¬éfø¦/ kar fluctuation
eLIgéfø¼tMél/ kar appreciation
eLIgéføvij ¬snøwkh‘un>>> eRkayBI)ancuHéfø¦ rally (price)
eLIgehIycuH up and down
G
Gkmµ adj. passive
GkçranuRkm rW vcnanuRkm dictionary
GKÁ general, GKÁelxaFikar secretary-general GKÁnayk director-general, GKÁnaykrg deputy director-general GKÁaFikar general inspector, ~ rg deputy general inspector GKÁaFikardæan general inspectorate
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GKÁIsnIPavUbnIykmµ electrification
Gegát v. & n. survey, Tinñn½y ~ survey
data, Rbtibtþikar ~ survey operation,
el¥óg ~ survey error, ~ eKal benchmark
survey, ~ KMrUtag sample survey, ~ RKYsar household survey, ~ ¬Ca¦mUldæan baseline
survey, ~ dIFøI land survey, ~ TUeTA general
survey, ~ RTg;RTayFM large-scale survey,
~ RbCaCn population survey
Gegát/ GñkcuHeFVI surveyor
GgÁkar organisation, ~ sgÁm social organisation
GgÁkarfñak;eRkam ¬kMritRbCaCn¦ grassroots organisation GgÁkarminEmnrdæaPi)al non-government organisation (NGO) GgÁkarelx organisation chart, flow chart GgÁkarshRbtibtþikaresdækic© nigGPivDÆn_ Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) GgÁkarGcié®nþy_ permanent organ
GgÁkarGnþrCatixagsþg;darUbnIykmµ International Organisation for Standardisation (ISO) GgÁecARkm judiciary
GgÁc,ab; nig bTb,BaØtþi body of rules and regulations GgÁFatuBak;kNþalcMlg ¬eGLicRtUnik¦
semiconductor GgÁnItibBaØtþi legislature
GgÁpSM n. aggregate
GgÁPaB unit, entity
GgÁPaB/ kñúg in-house, karbNþúHbNþalPasa ~ in-house language training
GgÁPaBesdækic© economic entity, ~ cMruH mixed economic entity, ~ sVy½t autonomous economic entity GgÁPaBGaCIB firm
GgÁehtu fact
Gclkmµ ¬m> RTBüskmµCab;lab;/ GclnRTBü¦ immovable property Gclkmµ/ eFVI v. immobilise (finance)
GclnRTBü real estate
GclnRTBü ¬dI nig¼rW GaKar¦ immovable
property, real estate/property, TIPñak;gar ~ real-estate agency Gclnvtßú ¬m> GclnRTBü¦ immovable property Gcié®nþy_ permanent, RKwHsßan ~ permanent establishment GciéRnþy_/ lixitbBa¢a standing order
Gcirkal ¬m> ry³eBlxøI¦ short term Gectna adj. involuntary, unintentional Gc©½yTan ¬ekrþצ legacy
Gc©½yTanCaclnvtßú ¬GMeNayclnvtßútamry³ mrtksasn_¦ n. bequest
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Gc©½yTanCaGclnRTBü n. ¬tammrtksasn_¦devise Gc©½yTanlaPI legatee Gc©½yTayk legator GcäinRTBü booty GBaØtb½NÑ/ GBaØtb½Rt bill of lading, ~
edaypÞal; direct bill of lading, ~ rYm omnibus bill of lading
GBaØat unknown (factor, quantity...)
GBaØatb½NÑpøÚvGakas rW b½NÑdwkCBa¢ÚnpøÚvGakas¦airway bill GaNaniKmniymEbbfµI neocolonialism GNþÚg well, ~ xYg drilled well, ~ dak;lU ring well GENþt floating, kmµkr ~ temporary worker,
Blkmµ ~ casual labour, GRta ~ floating
rate, GRtabþÚrR)ak; ~ flexible exchange rate
GENþt¼dak;eGayGENþt¼bENþt v. float Gt;kargareFVI/ PaB joblessness Gt;kareFVI adj. unemployed, Gñk ~ n.
unemployed, PaB ~ unemployment
Gt;c,ab;/ Edl ¬Kµanc,ab;RKb;RKg rW KµankareKarB c,ab;¦ lawless GtifiCn customer Gtifita clientele GtibrmanIykmµ maximisation GtiprNa inflation, ktþa ~ inflation factor,
KNenyü ~ inflation accounting, KMlat ~
inflationary gap, ry³eBlman ~ inflationary period GtiprNa/ karbnßy disinflation GtiprNaelatepøaH hyperinflation, galloping inflation GtiprNasnSwm² creeping inflation Gtipl intensive, ksikmµ ~ intensive agriculture GtiBlkmµ labour-intensive, ]sSahkmµ ~ labour-intensive industry Gtierk surplus Gtisuxumelak microcosm GtItPaB seniority, tMelIgfñak;tam ~ promotion by seniority GtItyuT§Cn veteran (soldier) GtulüPaB imbalance Gtþenam½t/ CMerIs subjective choice GtþsBaØaNkmµ identification GtþsBaØaNb½NÑ identity card GtßKahk ¬m> GñkTTYlpl¦ beneficiary, ~
Cayfaehtu contingency beneficiary GtßRbeyaCn_ benefit, ~ pþl;eGaybuKÁlik personnel benefits GtßRbeyaCn_bEnßm ¬pþl;CabEnßmelIebovtSr_¦ fringe benefits, perks (or perquisites) GtßiPaB existence GRta rate, ~ efr fixed rate, ~ Bn§ tax
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rate, ~ GENþt floating rate GRtakarR)ak; interest rate, ~ carwk nominal
rate of interest, ~ snSM interest rate for savings GRtakarR)ak;rvagFnaKarBaNiC¢enATIRkugLúg Libor (London Interbank Offered Rate) GRtakMeNInRbCaCn population-growth rate
GRtaKaMBarskþisiT§i effective rate of protection (ERP) GRtacuHeQµaHcUleron enrollment rate (school) GRtaecjcUlénBlkr turnover rates of labour GRtacMNUlesdækic© economic rate of return
GRtacMeNj profit margin GRtaéføTIpSarRbcaMéf¶ current-market rate GRtaTajcMNUl rate of return, ~ épÞkñúg internal rate of return (IRR), ~ hirBaØvtßú financial rate of return GRtanikmµPaBFmµCati natural unemployment rate GRtanukUldæan civil status, esovePA ~ civil
status book, sMbuRt ~ certificate of civil status GRtabgVilsþúk ¬kñúg1qñaM¦ stock turnover (ratio) GRtabiT ¬GRtabþÚrR)ak;eBlbiTRbtibtþikar RbcaMéf¶¦ closing rate GRtabuKÁlikecj ¬BIGgÁPaB¦ labour turnover
GRtabMeBjekAGIGñkdMeNIr ¬tamynþehaH¦ passenger load factor GRtabþÚrR)ak; exchange rate, ~ dl;éd spot
exchange rate, ~ efr fixed exchange
rate, ~ TIpSar parallel market exchange
rate, ~ enAeBlbiT closing rate, ~ pøÚvkar official exchange rate, ~ mFümRbcaMEx
monthly average exchange rate, ~ man kalkMNt; forward exchange rate, ~ man sßirPaB stable exchange rate
GRtabþÚrrUbiyb½NÑepÞógpÞat; ¬GRtabþÚrR)ak;eFob tamrUbiyvtßúTI3 dUcCa duløar¦ cross rate, exchange cross rate GRtaRbCasaRsþ demographic rate (birth, death...) GRtapøÚvkar official rate
GRtaBn§KyGnueRKaHBiess ¬Tab¦ preferential duty (tariff) GRtamrN³ mortality rate, death rate, ~
kumar infant mortality rate, ~ matuPaB maternal mortality rate GRtaykKMrUtag sampling rate
GRtaGñkmankargareFVI employment rate
Gefr n. variable
GFikarkic© inspection, kMéresva ~ inspection
fee, Rkum ~ inspectorate, viBaØabnb½Rt ~
inspection certificate, ~ TMnijmuneBlpÞúk pre-shipment inspection
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GFikarkic©/ eFVI v. inspect GFibBa¢a ¬bBa¢arbs;ecARkm¦ injunction (judge’s order) GFibtI chairman
GFibetyüPaB sovereignty
Gn;KuNPaB ¬TMnij¦ deteriorated (goods)
Gn;fy/ kar ¬KuNPaB/ éfø>>>¦ deterioration
Gn;fy/ PaB backwardness
GnaKti ¬m> minlMeGog/ PaB¦ impartiality GnibuNPaB ¬m> manex©aH/PaB¦imperfection
Gnimitþ ¬m> GaRs½yelI¦ contingent
GnivasCn/ GnivasnCn n. non-resident
GnItiCn n. minor
GnItiCnRbRBwtþelµIs n. delinquent
GnuRkwtü sub-decree
GnuBaØat v. authorise, tMNagmankar ~ rWtMNag mansiT§iRbTan authorised representative
GnuBaØat/ kar¼lixit authorisation, permission GnuBaØatBIelakGñk/ Edl)ankar with your permission/sanction GnubNÐit/ fñak; master’s degree
Gnu)at ratio
Gnub,Tan cession
Gnub,Tanik ¬GñkTTYl RTBüsm,tþi¼karEtgtaMg¼ siT§i¦ assignee, transferee
Gnub,TayI ¬Gñk epÞrRTBüsm,tþi¼eFVIkarEtgtaMg¦
assignor Gnub,vaT abstain
GnuRbFan vice-president, vice-chairman,
deputy chairman, ~ smaKm vice-president
of an association, ~ RkumRbwkSaPi)al vice-chairman of the board of directors GnupléRBeQI forest sub-product, non-timber forest products (NTFPs) GnuB½n§BaNiC¢kmµ commercial attaché
GnuPaB¼\T§iBl/ Edlman influential
Gnum½tc,ab; enact a law
GnurkS supervisor
GnuelameTAtam/ eday in accordance with
Gnuvtþ/ dak; v. apply
Gnuvtþ/ TIPñak;gar implementing agency
Gnuvtþn_/ karmin non-implementation, non-performance
Gnuvtþn_c,ab;/ kar implementation of a law
Gnuvtþn_Cak;Esþg/ kar practice
GnuviTüal½y junior high school
Gnuvis½y/ kMrit subsectoral level
GnusBaØa convention
Gnusasn_ recommendation
GnusiT§i/ lixit¼kBa©b; registered letter/parcel
GnusiT§i/ sar\NTan confirmed letter of credit
GnusSarN³ memorandum, ~ RBmeRBog memorandum of understanding (MOU)
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GnusSarN³begIátRkumh‘un rW lkçnþik³Rkumh‘un memorandum of association (GB) or articles of incorporation (US) GnusSarN³sþIBIeKalneya)ayesdækic© nighirBaØvtßú MEFP (Memorandum of Economic and Financial Policy: for the IMF) GnueRKaH adj. favourable, concessional, concessionary GnueRKaH/ kar favor, GnueRKaHniym favouritism GnueRKaHBn§/ kar tax relief
Gnþrkmµ interaction
GnþrkarI adj. intermediary, KMerag ~
intermediary project, TMnij ~ intermediate goods GnþrkarI n. intermediary, middleman
GnþrkarIkmµ intermediation, ~ hirBaØvtßú financial intermediation Gnþrkal transitional, ry³eBl ~ transitional
period, viFankar ~ transitional measures,
esdækic© ~ transitional economy
GnþrFnaKar inter-bank, RbB½n§TUTat; ~ inter-bank settlement system Gnþrb,BaØtþi transitional provision (law)
Gnþrvis½y inter-sectoral
Gnþrskmµ interactive
Gnþray damage, ~ edaysarTwksmuRT damaged by seawater GnÞak;Cavdþ rW GnÞak;vilvg; ¬Gt;Rckecj¦ vicious cycle
GbNsBaØa deal
Gb;rMkMritbzm/ kar primary education
Gb;rMbec©keTs/ kar technical education
Gb;rMmUldæanry³eBl 9qñaM/ kar nine years basic education
Gb;rMsMrab;TaMgGs;Kña education for all
Gbhar n. ¬karcuHéfø¦ discount, GRta ~
discount rate, ~ eKal basic discount
GbharrUbiyaNtþi/ eFVI v. ¬lk;rUbiyaNtþi eGayFnaKar¦ discount a bill
Gbharit n. ¬R)ak;cuHéføeGay¦ discount
Gb,PaK ¬m> PaKtic¦ minority
Gb,brma/ éfø floor price
Gb,brmaPavUbnIykmµ minimisation
Gb,ha margin, mark-up, ~ dul gross
margin, ~ suT§ net margin
GRbtibtiþPaBBaNiC©kmµ commercial impracticability GRbsiT§PaB inefficiency
GBaNiC¢/ FnaKar non-commercial bank
GBÖnþrjaN intuition
GBüaRkwtniym neutralism
GBüaRkwtPavUbnIykmµ/ GBüaRkwtkmµ neutralisation (of a country) GP½yÉksiT§i immunity, ~ karTUt diplomatic immunity
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GP½yÉksiT§irdæ sovereign immunity
GPi)alkic© governance, ~ mUldæan local governance GPirkS/ kar conservation, ~ FmµCati conservation of nature, ~ dI soil
conservation, GPirkS adj. conservative
GPirkSBUCRtI/ kEnøg fish sanctuary
GPivDÆn_/ kar development, CMnYy ~
development aid, KMerag ~ development
project, yuT§saRsþ ~ development strategies GPivDÆn_xusTMng/ kar mal-development
GmevC¢saRsþ paramedical, Gñk ~ paramedic GyutPaB ¬m> vismPaB¦ inequality GyutiþFm’ injustice
Gyükar ¬PaKIedImecaTkñúgerOgRBhµTNЦ prosecution Gyükar/ GgÁkar Department of Public Prosecution
GrUbI intangible, RTBü ~ intangible assets
GrUbIykmµ/ eFVI v. abstract
GvDÆnPaB stagnation
Gvsankfa n. ¬PaKbBa©b;énr)aykarN_¦ conclusion
Gvsanb,BaØtþi final provision (law)
GviC¢man negative, GviC¢mankmµ negation
GevTyitPaB insensitivity
Gskmµ inactive
GsT§a ¬m> KMnitevocevr¦ bad faith
GsmtßPaB incapacity, incompetence
Gs;BIsþúk/ PaB stockout
Gs;esah‘uyeRcIn/ Edl onerous
GsaFPaB ¬m> minGacsgbMNul)an/ PaB¦ insolvency GsIlFm’ immoral
GhrN-nIhrN import-export
GehtuP½y panic, ~ hirBaØvtßú financial panic
Gakb,kiriya behaviour
GakrBiesselITMnijnigesvamYycMnYn ¬rI Gakr Biess¦ excise tax or excise duty
GakrelItMélbEnßm ¬Gtb¦ value added tax (VAT) or output tax
GaKar nigdICitGaKar ¬kmµsiT§ikrEtmYy¦ premises
Gag ¬TenøemKgÁ¦ basin (e.g. of Mekong River) GacKNna)an computable
GacqabeqH inflammable, TMnij ~ inflammable goods GacTTYlyk)an eligible
GacTsSn_Tay)an adj. predictable
GacbMEbk)an adj. divisible, sar\NTan ~ divisible letter of credit GacpÁt;pÁg;xøÜnÉgRKb;/ PaB self-sufficiency
GaCIB career
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GaCIB trade, karcuHéføkñúg ~ ¬edayGñkRbkb rbrdUcKña¦ trade discount/terms, TIsMGag bBa¢ak;xag ~ trade reference
GaCIvkmµ business, ~ CalkçN³RKYsar family
business, ~ QrelIkic©snüa contractual business GaCIvkmµ exploitation, kareFVI ~ FnFan FmµCati exploitation of natural resources
GaCIvkmµ ¬yk¦ fµ quarrying
GaCIvkmµmandMeNIrkar going concern
GaCIvkr businessman/woman
GaCJakNþal referee
GaCJaFr authority, ~ svnkmµCati National Auditing Authority
GaCJanukarI ¬m> tMNagmankarGnuBaØat¦ authorised representative
GaCJab½NÑ n. licence, ~ sMrab;karrukrk ¬eRbg kat¼Er:>>>¦ prospecting licence, man ~ adj. licensed
GaCJayukal statute of limitation
GaCJasala n. bailiff
GaNtþi term, tenure
GaNtþiKahk assignee, proxy, attorney (person appointed to act for another) GaNtþiTayk assignor, principal (in power transfer) GaNtþiebIkR)ak; payment warrant
GaNtþiebIkR)ak;cMNay order for payment
(French: mandat de dépense) GaNab½k financial manager (French:
ordonnateur), ~ edImExS principal
ordonnateur, ~ epÞrsiT§i delegated ordonnateur GaNaBüa)al guardianship, GaCJaFr ~ supervisory authority
GaNaBüa)al ¬Parkic©¦ supervision,
GaCJaFr ~ supervisory authority, eRkam ~
hirBaØvtßú énRksYgesdækic©nighirBaØvtßú under the financial supervision of the Ministry of Economy and Finance
GaNaBüa)al ¬mnusS¦ guardian
GaNikCn expatriate (or expat)
GaTiPaB priority, man ~ elI have/take priority over GaTiPavUbnIykmµ prioritisation, eFVI ~ prioritise GanuPaB power, authority, effect, influence GanuPaBKtiyutiþ legal effect
GabNsBaØa ¬m> RBmeRBogxagCMnYj/ kar¦ deal Gab; ¬R)ak;¦ xVH v. short-change
GaBah_BiBah_/ sMbuRt marriage certificate
Gayu age, Rkum ~ age group
Gayukal ¬BIeBlekItdl;søab;¦ lifespan
Gayukal rW mYyGayukal lifetime
GayukaleRbIR)as; ¬énRTBüskmµ¦ useful life (accounting)
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GayukalmFüm ¬Gayurs;enAmFüm¦ life expectancy
GareQI/ eragcRk saw mill
Gasnñ/ PaB emergency, lkçxNÐ ~ emergency condition Gas½ydæan/ manbBa¢ak; domiciled, rUbiyaNtþi~ domiciled bill of exchange Gas‘an/ tMbn;BaNiC¢kmµesrI ASEAN Free Trade Area (AFTA) GasasUnü/ karcat;TukCa annulment
GaRs½yelI ¬RBwtþikarN_GVImYyEdlGacekIteLIg b¤minekIteLIg¦ contingent
Gahar food, meal Gahar/ TMnijminEmn non-food items
Gaharnigsñak;enAeday\tbg;éfø free board and lodging
Gahar ¬eqA¦ evcx©b;Rsab; convenience food Gaharin importer
GaharUbtßmÖ nutrition
GicSb:UNg;sIuEyl/ kMeNIn exponential growth GuinfWNit internet, salbMerI ~ internet-cafe
GIv:an; goods, item
GuIb:UEtk mortgage
GubTic/ ExSkab optical fiber cable
eGkUeTscrN_ eco-tourism
eGkULÚsuI ecology, tMbn; ~ ecological zone,
lMnwg ~ ecological equilibrium
eGLicRtUnik electronic
eGayx©I v. lend
eGayéfø/kar offer
eGayTeT/ Edl ¬\tKitéfø¦ complementary
eGaybg;Bn§ v. impose taxes
GMNrKuN thank, appreciation
GMNac power
GMNacTij buying/purchasing power,
~ énrUbiyvtßú purchasing power of the currency GMNacniym authoritarianism
GMNacnItibBaØtþi ¬sPa¦ legislative power
GMNacnItiRbtibtþi the executive (government) GMNacbBaØtþi ¬sßab½neRkABIsPa dUcCa RkumRbwkSaXMu>>>¦ legislative power
GMNacRbtibtþi executive power
GMeNay donation, gift
GMeNaypl favourable, lkçxNÐ ~ favourable conditions GMeNaypl/ min unfavourable, FatuGakas ~ unfavourable weather GMeNaypldl; favourable/conducive to
GMeNayhirBaØvtúß grant
GMBkERs paddy plots
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GMBavnav/ kar appeal
GMeBI ¬l¥ rW GaRkk;¦ deed
GMeBIhigSa rW higSa violence
GMLúgeBl period
GaMgDIkaT½r indicator
GHGag/ kar assertion, claim
Gñkksag¼GñkkMNt; eKalneya)ay policymaker Gñkkan;kab; occupier
Gñkkan;kargar job holder
Gñkkan;mUlb,Tanb½Rt bearer
Gñkkan;hibR)ak; ¬R)ak;tictYc¦ petty-cash custodian
Gñkkan;GaCJab½NÑ licensee
Gñkx©IR)ak;EdlKYreGayTukcitþ credit worthy borrower GñkKaMRT ¬nUvKMnit rW skmµPaB¦ proponent
GñkRKb;RKg manager, PaBCa ~ managership Gñkcat;karrg assistant manager
GñkcUlrYm participant
GñkcUlh‘un capital contributor
GñkcUlh‘unKµankMrit general partner
GñkcUlh‘unmankMrit limited partner (limited liability) Gñkc,ab; lawyer, solicitor
GñkCYl ¬BIeK¦ lessee, renter
GñkCYleGay lessor, person who rents out sth
GñkCMnYj businessman, trader
GñkCMrHbBa¢I liquidator
Gñkdak;RbkassareBIBn§min)anRKb;elIk stopfiler (tax)
Gñkdak;BaküsMu applicant, ~ ebIksar\NTan applicant for a letter of credit GñkdwkCBa¢Ún transporter
GñkdwknaM leader
Gñkzan³x<s; elite
GñkRtUv)ancat;taMgeGayRKb;RKgRTBüsm,tþi GñkkS½yFn assignee in bankruptcy
GñkRtUv)anFanar:ab;rg n. insured
GñkRtUv)anbg;R)ak;eGay payee
GñkRtYtBinitükarbiTRkumh‘un liquidator
GñkTTYl ¬lixit¦ addressee
GñkTTYlkarEtgtaMg nominee
GñkTTYlkarepÞrsiT§i proxy
GñkTTYlpl beneficiary
GñkTTYlsiT§iRbTan assignee
GñkTTYlsiT§ieRbIeQµaHBaNiC¢kmµ franchisee
GñkTTYlesaFnnivtþn_ pensioner
GñkTij purchaser, buyer, ~ kñúgkarrMBwg prospective buyer GñkFana surety, guarantor
GñkFanar:ab;rg insurer
GñkeFVIc,ab; legislator
Gñkbg;R)ak; ¬eGayeK¦ payer
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GñkbegIát founder
Gñkbgðaj presenter
GñkbeBa©IcraRsþ demagogue
GñkbMerI servant
GñkRbKl;siT§i assignor
GñkepJI sender
Gñkpþl;siT§ieGayeRbIeQµaHBaNiC¢kmµ franchiser GñkepÞrTunBIpSarmYyeTApSarmYyedIm,Ieqøót
rkkMér arbitrageur
GñkBüa)aledayclna physical therapist
Gñkminsuxcitþ aggrieved person
Gñk lk;¼epÞrsiT§i eGayeK alienor
GñkrksuIcgkarR)ak; moneylender
GñkrksuIpøÚvePT sex worker
Gñkrukrk ¬Er:>>>¦ prospector
Gñklk; salesman
Gñklk;cl½t travelling salesman
Gñkl,IeQµaH n. celebrity
GñksegátkarN_ observer
Gñksñgmrtktammrtksasn_ legatee
GñkRsavRCav researcher, ~ rg associate
researcher, GñkRsavRCav ¬eBjsiT§i¦ fellow
researcher, ~ Can;x<s; senior researcher
Gñksøab; n. deceased
GñkGnuvtþ ¬RbcaM¦ practitioner
GñkeGayx©I lender, ~ CacugeRkay lender of last resort Gñk]btßmÖ sponsor, patron
GVIepSgeTotenAdEdl ceteris paribus (other things being equal) \NTan n. credit
\NTan/ kMrit credit line, credit limit, credit level \NTankMENtMrUvrcnasm<½n§ SAC (structural adjustment credit of the IMF)
\NTanKµankalkMNt; ¬RtUvsgvijenAeBl eKTar¦ call loan, call money
\NTanKµandak;vtßúFana open credit ( for good clients of the bank) \NTanCMnYj trade credit ( for enterprises which have trading relationship) \NTaneRtom stand-by credit
\NTanTUTat; payment credit
\NTanbUk credit plus (credit with financial and technical components) \NTanBn§ tax credit
\NTanBIFnaKar/ PaBGacTTYl)an eligibility for bank loans \NTanP¢ab;snüa ¬fvikardæ¦ committed credit (state budget) \NTanelIssmtulü ¬FnaKar¦ overdraft
(banking), GnuBaØat ~ to grant an overdraft \NTanvtßú credit in kind
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\NTansac;R)ak; cash credit
\NTansMrab;TijTMnijeRbIR)as; consumer credit \NTanÉksar documentary credit
\NTayk n. creditor, credit provider
\NTayI adj. credit
\NeTyü claim, ~ elIrdæaPi)al claim on the government \NeTyüTarmin)an ¬xUc¦ bad debt
\NeTyüBi)akTar bad debt
\NeTyüsgS½y doubtful debt
\NRbtiTan ¬m> éf¶dl;kMNt;sgR)ak;¦ date of maturity, due date \NBn§ n. debit,kt;Rtaxag ~ v. debit,
kMNt;ehtu¼Rbkas ~ n. debit memo/ memorandum \Nvnþ debtor, borrower
\Nayik adj. debit, smtulü ~ debit balance
\tex©aH perfect, impeccable
\tcMNg/ CMnYy untied aid
\tQb;Qr/ Edl incessant
\tbg;éfø/ eday free of charge
\tbMNg unintentional, involuntary
\tpøas;bþÚr/ Edl adj. unaltered
\tRBagTuk ¬fvika¦ contingency
\T§iBlénbøg; design effect
\n§n³ fuel
\riyabf attitude
\riyabfesdækic© economic behaviour
\sSrCn dignitary
\sSrPaB dignity
]tþmRkumRbwkSaénGgÁecARkm Supreme Council of the Magistracy
]tþmKti ideal
]tþmRbeyaCn_ best interest
]tþmPaB advantage
]tþmPaBRbECg competitive advantage
]tþmPaBeRbobeFob comparative/relative advantage ]tþmPaBeRbobeFobBinitüeXIj revealed comparative advantage
]tþmsikSa tertiary education/higher education ]tþmanuPaB/ sMelg ¬e)aHeqñat¦ deciding vote, casting vote ]eTÞsnam/ lixit ¬GñktMNag¦ designation letter ]tþrRbeTs ¬RbeTsGñkman¦ north countries
]T§rN_ appeal
]Tüan park, ~ Cati national park
]bkrN_ instrument, ~ TUTat; negotiable
instrument, ~ minGacykeTATUTat;)an non-negotiable instrument ]bkrN_ tool
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]bkrN_sMrYlBiesssMrab;\n§n³ special oil facility ]bkrN_sMrYlsMrab;kMENtMrUvrcnasm<½n§ Structural Adjustment Facility (SAF) ]bkrN_sMrYlsMrab;Tb;snñiFi buffer stock facility (BSF) ]bkrN_sMrYlsMrab;b:Hb:UvxaghirBaØvtßú compensatory financing facility (CFF)
]bkrN_sMrYlsMrab;mUlniFimrtk trust fund facility (TFF) ]bkarI assistant
]bkarI ¬GñkTMnukbMrug/ Gñkp©úgepþIm¦ benefactor
]btßmÖ/ kar assistance
]btßmÖ/ R)ak; allowance, ~ RKYsar family allowance, alimony
]btßmÖTun/ kar capital assistance
]btßmÖFn subsidy, subvention
]btßmÖFn/ pþl; v. subsidise ]btßmÖBIfvikarrdæ national budget support (for provincial budget) ]bnaykrdæm®nþI deputy prime minister
]bnisS½y propensity
]bnisS½y vocation, man ~ kñúgkar>>> have a vocation for ]bePaK/ eRKOg tool, instrument, utensil,
~ nigeRKOgbriePaK basic necessities ]bsKÁ obstacle, barrier
]bsm<½n§/ fvika supplemental budget
(state)
]bharit/ eFVI brought in (assets as investment) ])aKmn_ ¬kar)anCakmµsiT§inUvvtßúrNb¦ accession
])aeTskmµ ¬m> CMnYs/ kardak;¦ subrogation
])aRs½y ¬siT§irbs;Gñkkan;rUbiyaNtþi kñúgkartamTarsMNgBIGñkeFVIbidæielx¦ recourse ]b,tþiehtu incident
]sSah_ rW ]sSah_Büayam industrious
]sShkmµkat;edr garment indutries
]sSahkmµ industry, ~ FunF¶n; heavy
industry, ~ FunRsal light industry,
~ vtßúFatuedIm primary industry, ~ Ekécñ secondary industry, ~ nisSarNkmµ rW ~ ykEr: extractive industry, ~ esva service industry
]sSahUbnIykmµ industrialisation, RbeTseFVI ~ fµI newly industrialised countries (NICs)
ÉkkmµsiT§i sole proprietorship
ÉkCn private, Rkumh‘un ~ private (or
privately owned) company, vinieyaKin ~ private investor ÉkCnPavUbnIykmµ rW ÉkCnnIykmµµ privatization Ékta unit, ~ viPaK unit of analysis, ~ Kit
unit of counting or unit of account, éfø
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~ unit price/rate
ÉktadMNak;TIBIr second-stage unit (SSU)
ÉktatMbn;cugeRkay ultimate area unit (UAU) ÉktatMélénRkdasR)ak; denomination
Éktalk; ¬)an¦/ cMnYn sales volume
ÉktaykKMrUtagcugeRkay ultimate sampling unit (USU) ÉktaykKMrUtagdMbUg primary sampling unit (PSU) ÉketaPaKI unilateral
ÉktþCn individual
ÉkTKÁkmµ record, bMEbk ~ break the record
ÉkeTs speciality
ÉkeTsnIykmµ specialisation, ~ kargar job specialisation ÉkbuKÁl/ shRKas sole proprietorship
Ékb,harPaB ¬m> Kab;CYn/kar¦ coincidence ÉkPaK/ karcuHbBa¢I single entry bookeeping
ÉkPaB/ kar agreement, concurrence
ÉkPaB/ min v. disagree
ÉkPaB/ lkçN³ uniformity
ÉkPavUbnIykmµ unification
Ékvb,kmµ monoculture
Éksar document, documentation, pþl; ~
RbKl;TMnijeBlbBa¢ak;TTYlRBmCMBak; documents against acceptance (D/A)
Éksartamc,ab; legal document
ÉksarbegáIt ¬Rkumh‘un¦ founding instrument ÉksarBiPakSa ¬r)aykarN_sikSaBIerOgGVImYy¦ working paper ÉksarykTUTat;)an negotiable documents Éksar lHbg;siT§i¼elIkElg waiver n.
ÉksarsMrab;kardwkCBa¢ÚnTMnij cargo document ÉksarGm supporting document (administration)
ÉksiT§i privilege (special benefit)
»kas opportunity, tMél ~ RtUv)at;bg; opportunity cost »nPaB deficit, ~ fvika budget deficit, ~
CBa¢IgTUTat; deficit of the balance of
payments, bMeBj ~ v. meet a deficit
»vaT/ karsþab; obedience
»vaT/ enAeRkam under the auspices (institution)
»sanvaT n. ultimatum
b£sKl; origin
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