fist aid

TECHNOLOGICAL INSTITUTE ECUADORIAN RED CROSS

2IST CRE

Ecuadorian Red Cross

CONCEPT

QUALIFIED MEDICAL

ACCIDENT

DISEACE/CRISIS

BASIC FIRST AID

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Ecuadorian Red CrossIS FIRST AID IMPORTANT ?IS FIRST AID IMPORTANT ?

SAVING LIVES AVOID AGGRAVATE INJURIES

PROMOTE THEIR RECOVERY

¿…?

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Ecuadorian Red CrossHUMAN BODY

Dorsal Decubitus

Prone or Supine Position

Lateral Decubitus

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Ecuadorian Red Cross

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Ecuadorian Red CrossBODY

CAVITIESBODY

CAVITIESCAVITIES CONTENT

Cranial

Thoracic

Abdominal

Pelvic

Espinal

Cerebum, Cerebellum, medulla oblongata, Pons, meninges and cerebrospinal fluidHeart, Respiratory System (trachea, Bronchy, Longs and Great Vessels.

Gastrointestinal tract, liver, Spleen, Pancreas, Urinary, reproductive organs

Genital organs, uterus, ovaries, ureters, bladder

Medulla

7IST CRE

Ecuadorian Red CrossEMERGENCY ACTION STEPS

IS VERY IMPORTANT TO MAINTAIN CONTROL AND KEEP CALM

AREA RECOGNITION VICTIM

RECOGNITION

S E M

VICTIM 2ndRECOGNITION

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Ecuadorian Red Cross

IS THIS AREA SAFE

¿WHAT HAPPENED?

AREA RECOGNITION

INJURED PEOPLE

IS THERE ANY PEOPLE WHO CAN HELP

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BB

Ecuadorian Red CrossVICTIM RECOGNITION

CONCISENESSCONCISENESS

YES

NO

REQUEST PERMIT

PERMIT GRANTED

CCAA

10IST CRE

Ecuadorian Red CrossTO CALL S.E.M.TO CALL S.E.M.

INSTITUTIONS QUEVEDO QUITO GYE

CRUZ ROJA 1-3-1 1-3-1 1-3-1

CENTRO EMERGENCIA 9-1-1 9-1-1

POLICIA NACIONAL 1-0-1 1-0-1 1-0-1

11IST CRE

Ecuadorian Red CrossRECONOCIMIENTO SECUNDARIO

INTERVIEW

• VICTIM• FAMILY• PEOPLE AROUND THE AREA

A… ALLERGIES

M… MEDICAMENTS

P… PATHOLOGIES

L… LAST MEAL ( INGESTA )

E… ANTECEDENTS

VITAL SIGNS VALUES SISTEMATIC EXAM

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Ecuadorian Red CrossBIOSECURTY EQUIPMENT

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Ecuadorian Red CrossVITAL SIGNS

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RESPIRACION

ADULT: 12 – 20 R/MCHILDREN: 20 – 30 R/MNEONATE: 30 – 40 R/M

VARIATION CAUSESEXERCISEPatological diseaseStressThoracic TraumaPenetraiting wounds (Thorax)Respiratory RelaxationThermal IncrementFeeding

15IST CRE

PULSO

ADULT: 60 – 100 P/MCHILDREN: 100 – 120 P/MNEONATE: 120 – 140 P/M

PULSE VARIATIONSTRESS

physical Exercise Eating

Pathology Bleedings

PCRHypothermia

16IST CRE

TEMPERATURE36.5 – 37.5° C

NORMAL VALUE

TIPES OF THERMOMETERS

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BLOOD PRESSURE TA

SYSTOLIC: 140 – 100 mm Hg.DIASTOLIC: 90 – 60 mm Hg.

MERCURY INDICATOR GAUGE

AIR PUMPING DEVICE

STETHOSCOPE

ARM CUFF

18IST CRE

Ecuadorian Red CrossCARDIAC AND RESPIRATORY

EMERGENCIES

• Smoke or gas saturated ambient

• Liquid Immersion

• Debris in Landslides

• Thorax Injuries

• Burns

• Electrocutions

• Poisons

• OVACE

• Cardiovascular Disease

• Shock

19IST CRE

Ecuadorian Red CrossCARDIAC AND RESPIRATORY

EMERGENCIES

AA

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Ecuadorian Red CrossCARDIAC AND RESPIRATORY

EMERGENCIES

BB

Jesús Pico Cedeño (INSTRUCTOR) 21IST CRE

Ecuadorian Red CrossCARDIAC AND RESPIRATORY

EMERGENCIES

CC

Jesús Pico Cedeño (INSTRUCTOR) 22IST CRE

Ecuadorian Red CrossCARDIAC AND RESPIRATORY

EMERGENCIES

DD

Jesús Pico Cedeño (INSTRUCTOR) 23IST CRE

Ecuadorian Red Cross

CARDIO-RESPIRATORY EMERGENCIES

CHILDREN AND NEONATES

Jesús Pico Cedeño (INSTRUCTOR) 24IST CRE

Ecuadorian Red CrossCARDIO-RESPIRATORY

EMERGENCIES

OVACE

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Ecuadorian Red Cross

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Ecuadorian Red Cross

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Ecuadorian Red Cross

Place 2 or 3 fingers just below the nipple line on the baby's breastbone and give 5 quick chest thrusts (same position as chest compressions in CPR for a baby

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Ecuadorian Red Cross

CLEAR AIRWAY MANUALLY

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Ecuadorian Red CrossEXTERNAL AND INTERNALEXTERNAL:StabbingINCISORSABRASIVESHARP WOUNDSAVULSEDAMPUTATIONProtrude EYEVICERATIONINJURY BY FIREARMS

Jesús Pico Cedeño (INSTRUCTOR) 30IST CRE

Hemorrhage

FEATURESCOLOR: Clear Read

Outflow: Bubbling

FEATURESCOLOR: Dark Red

Outflow: Continuous

FEATURESLittle bleeding

bright Red Flesh Wound

Jesús Pico Cedeño (INSTRUCTOR) 31IST CRE

Abrasive Wounds

PUNCTATE BLEEDINGPAINFULEASILY INFECTQUICK CURE (SMALL)LONG HEALING (LARGE)ASEPCIA AND ANTISEPCIASOAP AND WATERANTISEPTIC

32IST CRE

STABBING WOUNDMAJOR BLEEDINGDeformed OF THE WOUNDEDGE IRREGULAR OBJECTSS.S.S.

TREATMENT: Proceed to stop bleeding. Shock Treatment Transport to a hospital

33IST CRE

INCISED WOUNDSSIGNS AND SYMPTOMSS.S.S. (If there is a large bleeding)WeaknessLocal painTREATMENT:Treating ShockAsepticApproaching ButterlfySteps to stop haemorrhageTravel Health Centre.

34IST CRE

STABBING WOUNDSSIGNS AND SYMPTOMSWounds generally circular (in the case of blowing thorax )Bleeding.S.S.S.

TREATMENTInmovilize the object (thread, dressings)Treating ShockTransfer to the nearest health center

35IST CRE

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AVULSIONS

SIGNS AND SYMPTOMSWounds and bleedingLocal paindeformityTREATMENTTreating ShockSteps to control bleeding.Relocation Assistance Centre

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AMPUTATION

SIGNS AND SYMPTOMSS.S.S.Despair.Disembodied limbSevere painTREATMENTTreating ShockPerform a compression bandageControl of bleedingProceedings of the limbDisembodied

38IST CRE

SHOCK

CAUSE

CIRCULATION DISORDER

Reduced irrigationBlood tissue(Deficit on percussion)

Alteration of vital signs

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CLASIFICACION

HYPOVOLEMICSHOCK

DISTRIBUTIVESHOCK

CARDIOGENICSHOCK

40IST CRE

SIGNS AND SYMPTOMSPale skin

Cold, clammy perspirationLow temperature

Rapid pulseDevil and shallow breathing

SleepinessThirstDecay

TREATMENTTry to eliminate the cause

OF THE SHOCKCover but not heat the patient

Vital Signs MonitoringTransportation.

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BURNS

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1st Degree Burn

SIGNS AND SYMPTOMSRednessLocal HeatBurningSwellingTREATMENTSoak zoneDo not use toothpaste, butter

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2nd Degree BurnSIGNS AND SYMPTOMSrednessPainBullae (blisters)Signs and symptoms of ShockTREATMENTDo not punch blistersSoak the burned areaMake a bandageGentle Cleandry

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3rd Degree Burn

45IST CRE

WALLACE SCALE

PORCENTAGE 100%1 – 10% LOW

11 – 33% SEVERE34 – 60 VERY SERIOUS

> 60% MORTAL

Jesús Pico Cedeño (INSTRUCTOR) 46IST CRE

CHEMICAL BURNS

47IST CRE

HYPOTHERMIAHot, dry skin is a typical sign of hyperthermia

The skin may become red and hot as blood vessels dilate in an attempt to increase heat

dissipation, sometimes leading to swollen lips. An inability to cool the body through

perspiration causes the skin to feel dry.The dehydration associated with heat stroke can

produce nausea vomiting, headaches and low blood pressure.

Tachycardia and Tachipnea(

48IST CRE

INTOXICATION

WAYS OF TOXIC ENTRY: Oral or Digestive Respiratory Cutáneous (Skin and Mucosa)

Jesús Pico Cedeño (INSTRUCTOR) 49IST CRE

SYMPTOMS AND SIGNS

Weakness

Abdominal pain

Nausea

Vomiting

Breathing Difficulty

Cyanosis

Burns in the mouth and throat

Altered consciousness.

Seizures

Jesús Pico Cedeño (INSTRUCTOR)50

IST CRE

First Aid

Identify the type of poison

General treatment

Decontamination

Treatment asymptomatic.

Specific antidote.

Activated charcoal, 50 g. in 300 cc. Water in adults. Weight 1 g / kg orally.

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DIGESTIVE DECONTAMINATION

Induce vomiting, administer albuminous water (1 lt. In water + 6 egg whites).

Do not induce vomiting in:

Strong acids

Strong alkalis

Petroleum

Burns in the mouth and throat

Unconsciousness

seizures

52IST CRE

RESPIRATORY AND SKIN DECONTAMINATION-Ventilate the area

-Wash the site of contact with soap and water

-Remove clothing and place in plastic bag

Jesús Pico Cedeño (INSTRUCTOR) 53IST CRE

SYMPTOMATIC TREATMENT

Manage airway

Clean discharge.

Treat shock

Try breathing difficulty.

Treat seizures.

DO NOT allow them to sleep

Jesús Pico Cedeño (INSTRUCTOR) 54IST CRE

Specific Antidote

TOXIC ANTIDOTE

Methyl Alcohol Ethyl Alcohol

Ethyl Alcohol TiaminWalfarin (rat poison) K Vitamin Organophosphorus AtropinSnake Bites Antivenom

PRECAUCIONES:

NO utilice agua si el toxico es fósforo blanco (diablillos)

NO utilice leche si el toxico es DDT u otro derivado clorado.

NO utilice carbón activado si el toxico es un acido fuerte, álcali fuerte o derivado del petróleo, ejem. Sosa cáustica, potasa cáustica, gasolina, etc.

Jesús Pico Cedeño (INSTRUCTOR) 56IST CRE

DEHYDRATION AND DIARRHEAL DISEASES

They are produced by the introduction through the mouth (usually food) from germs in the stool. The are the cause of diarrhea because of the lack of hygiene and clean drinking water

57IST CRE

SYMPTOMS AND SIGNS

Irritability

Liquid and more frequent stools than usual.

Thirst

Sunken eyes

Crying without tears.

Dry lips and oral mucosa.

Vomiting.

Fold mark

Signs and symptoms of Shock

58IST CRE

59IST CRE

TREATMENT

Hydrate

Use rehydration salts

1 liter of boiled water and cold

8 teaspoons sugar

1 teaspoon salt

A pinch of baking sodaFrom 2-3 kg of weight - 1 cup (200 cc) in 4 to 6 hoursFrom 4-5 kg of weight - 2 cups (400 ml) in 4 to 6 hoursFrom 6-7 kg of weight - three cups (600 cc) of 4 to 6 hours

60IST CRE

ENVIRONMENTAL EMERGENCIESHEAT EXHAUSTION

Cold, clammy pale skin.

Profuse sweating

Headache

Dehydration

Muscle cramps

Nausea

Shock

vomiting

61IST CRE

HEAT STROKE

Hot red and dry skin

Elevated temperature (> 40 º C)

No sweat (anhidrosis

Pupils contracted

Headache

Dehydration

Muscle cramps

Disturbance of consciousness

Shock

62IST CRE

TRAUMA

Polytrauma

Coexistence of two or more injuries caused by the same accident and have at least one life-threatening condition

63IST CRE

TEC- Craneo-Encephalic TRAUMA

SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS

Head or neck pain

Otorraquia or otorrhagia

Rinorraquía or rinorragía

Cervical collar do not immobilizes it only limites the movement of the spine

64IST CRE

OSTEOARTICULAR INJUERIES

65IST CRE

SPRAIN AND DISLOCATION

SPRAIN DISLOCATION

66IST CRE

OSTEOMUSCULAR BANDAJE

BITES

WITHIN THIS GROUP IS:

Dogs

Cats

Horses.

Monkey

Man

It can transmit rabies.