gender energy report
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8/12/2019 Gender Energy Report
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value of womens roles (investing in improved cooking technology is neither prioritized at/0;-*/0,8 )0' %& )%&(0)%, ,*@*,-UI %)8 ,%6O 0M '*604)(&(0) 0Mwomens multiple roles (womens
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technology that improves the productivity of womens labour), women lack access to creditRK/(6/ ,(B(&- &/*(' %:(,( &0 A%# &/* ;APM'0)& 60-&- 0M (BA'0@*8 *)*'4# &*6/)0,04# 0' 60))*6&(0)M**- &0 &/* *,*6&'(6( 4'(8UI %)8 K0B*) /%@* ,(B(&*8 %66*-- &0 *L&*)-(0) -*'@(6* %)8 *8;6%&(0)RK/(6/ ,(B(&- &/*(' %:(,(&(*- &0 :*60B* *)*'4# *)&'*A'*)*;'- %)8 *%') %) ()60B*UW
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? );B:*' 0M %'*%- )**8()4 B0'* %)%,#-(- %'* -;44*-&*8 %& &/* *)8 0M &/* -&;8# &/%& K0;,860)&'(:;&* M;'&/*' &0 &/* ;)8*'-&%)8()4 0M *)*'4# -#-&*B 40@*')%)6* M'0B % 4*)8*' %)8 '(4/&-A*'-A*6&(@*W
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BC D)6_4&0($% )$% +$,&0%(6,+0$
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world that womens needs, views, and participation have persistently been excluded from energypolicy and practice. Everywhere, mens energy needs and interests are given higher priority than
womens and girls needs and interests (C*6*,-O(
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M06;-*8 0) *LA*'(*)6* *B*'4()4 M'0B 5;:P5%/%'%) ?M'(6% %)8 50;&/ ?-(%I 4(@*) &/* -*@*'( 0M*)*'4# A0@*' () &/0-* '*4(0)-WV
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F(4/&- %'* )0& 0),# ;)8*'-&008 %- K'(&&*) () &/* 60)-&(&;&(0)%, %)8 -&%&;%'# ,%K 0' %- &/*
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:%-*8 %AA'0%6/*- &0 8*@*,0AB*)& 6%,, %&&*)&(0) &0 -&'*)4&/*)()4 &/* )*40&(%&()4 A0K*' 0M8(-%8@%)&%4*8 4'0ups and developing their voice so that they can use these channels and8*B%)8 % '*-A0)-* M'0B &/*-* -&';6&;'*-W
G/* O*# A'()6(A,*- 0M B0-& '(4/&-P:%-*8 %AA'0%6/*- %'*1 &/* A'0B0&(0) %)8 A'0&*6&(0) 0M '(4/&-I&/* %660;)&%:(,( 0M 8;P:*%'*'- &0 '(4/&-P/0,8*'-I &/* A%'&(6(A%&(0) %)8 *BA0K*'B*)& 0M'(4/&-P/0,8*'- :0&/ %- % B*%)- &0 *)-;'* %660;)&%:(,( %)8 %- %) *)8 () (&-*,MI &'*%&()4 A*0A,* %-
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H) 4*)8*' %)8 8*@*,0AB*)& ,(&*'%&;'*I 4*)8*'P%K%'* (- % &*'B ;-*8 &0 8*-6'(:* A'04'%BB()4 &/%&(8*)&(M(*- %)8 %88'*--*- &/* 8(MM*'*)& 4*)8*' )**8- 0M K0B*) %)8 B*) :%-*8 0) 4*)8*' %)%,#-(-W
C*)8*' ;)%K%'* A'04'%BB()4I () 60)&'%-&I (- :,()8 &0 8(MM*'*)& 4*)8*' )**8- %)8 6%) /%'Bwomen by reinforcing mens privilege to the disadvantage of women.d
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K0B*) %)8 M06;-*- 0) '(4/&- M%(,;'*-I (W*W (8*)&(M#()4 :%''(*'- &0 '*%,(-()4 '(4/&- &/'0;4/40@*')%)6* -&';6&;'*- %& 8(MM*'*)& ,*@*,-W ? 4*)8*' %)8 '(4/&- %)%,#-(- /(4/,(4/&- &/* )**8 M0'identifying rights failures of recognition and redistribution when examining gendered8(B*)-(0)- 0M 8*@*,0AB*)& 6/%,,*)4*-1
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"# &/* *)8 0M &/* >bd=-I -&;8(*- '*@*%,*8 % 60BA,*L A(6&;'* 0M ,%:0;' %,,06%&(0) () &/* ';'%,
*60)0B#I %)8 -/0K*8 &/%& K0B*) K0'O*8 ,0)4*' /0;'- &/%) B*) %)8 K*'* ,%'4*,# ;)A%(8Iwhich made womens (and girls) labour contribution invisible (Clancy et al 2003). At thehousehold level, it restricted womens bargaining power and decisionPB%O()4W J0)* 0M &/*energy governance domains, however, were able to incorporate womens in@(-(:,* %)8 ;)A%(8,%:0;' ()&0 (&- A0,(6# %)8 A'%6&(6* R]*6*,-O( bd=- %)8 >bb=-I &/* B08*') *)*'4# 80B%() ;)8*'K*)& '*M0'B- &/%& A%@*8 &/* K%# M0' &/*
private sector to provide more energy services, and the governments role was to change to that0M % '*4;,%&0' R],%)6# >bbbI Z%B;O0)#% bbbUW 90' *L%BA,*I K0B*) K0;,8 0M&*) '*E;('* A'06*-- /*%& M0' M008A'*A%'%&(0) %)8 ()60B*P4*)*'%&(0) %6&(@(&(*-I %)8 &/*# K0;,8 &/*'*M0'* :* :*&&*' -*'@*8 &/'0;4/()@*-&B*)& () *MM*6&(@* 8(-&'(:;&(0) )*&K0'O- M0' T.C '%&/*' &/%) () R0' () %88(&(0) &0U*,*6&'(6( RDJDFCH?7[J+. bb=-I (& :*6%B* %AA%'*)& &/%& B%)#
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N08*') energy services can positively impact womens health (e.g., by reducing smoke'*,%&*8 /*%,&/ /%X%'8- M'0B :(0B%--UI &/0;4/ B0'* '*-*%'6/ (- )**8*8 &0 ;)8*'-&%)8 K/*)
-;6/ 4%()- %'* B%8*W G/*# 6%) -;AA0'& &/* M;)6&(0)()4 0M /*%,&/ 6,()(6- () ';'%, %'*%- K/(6/is crucial to improving womens health rights, in particular sexual and reproductive rights.
G/*'* (- *@(8*)6* &/%& *,*6&'(6 ,(4/&()4() -6/00,-I -&'**&- %)8 /0B*-6%) /%@* % A0-(&(@*impact on girls schooling. However, no definitive conclusions c%) :* 8'%K) 0) &/* (BA%6&of this form of energy interventions on womens literacy skills and reading time. Street,(4/&()4 %,-0 ()6'*%-*- &/* M**,()4 0M A*'-0)%, %)8 60BB;)( -*6;'(W
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%66*-- &0 O)0K,*84* 0M &/* B%'O*& &0 8*@*,0A B0'* %AA'0A'(%&* A'08;6&- %)8 -*'@(6*-W ?,-0IK0B*) 60BA'(-* % 6'(&(6%, B%'O*& M0' A'0@(8*'- 0M B08*') *)*'4# -*'@(6*- M0' 600O()4 %)8
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UC "#$%#&. &+45,3 )$% #$#&4- 3-3,#1 407#&$)$6#
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Z0B*) /%@* % '(4/& &0 A%'&(6(A%&* () 8*6(-(0)- &/%& %MM*6& &/*(' ,(@*-1 4*)8*' *E;%,( ()*)*'4# 40@*')%)6* (- %) *)8 () (&-*,M :*6%;-* %,, 6(&(X*)- /%@* % '(4/& &0 A,%# %) *E;%, A%'& ()
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Energy governance institutions can address other rights of women explicitly: womens energy%66*-- (- 0M&*) 60)-&'%()*8 :*6%;-* K0B*) %'* 8*A'(@*8 M'0B '(4/&- &0 0K) ,%)8 %)8A'0A*'W
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Womens primary responsibilities for reproductive work (including collecting biomass), alongK(&/ &/* ,0)4*' /0;'- 0M K0'OI %MM*6&- &/*(' K*,,P:*()4 '*,%&(@* &0 B*)W N0'*0@*'I &/*'*-A0)-(:(,(&(*- M0' '*A'08;6&(@* K0'O %'* %& &/* *LA*)-* 0M A'08;6&(@* K0'O 0' ()60B*P
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-*6&0' ,*@*, A0,(6(*-W G/* %:(,( 0M ]5Y- &0 ()M,;*)6* &/* )%&(0)%, *)*'4# %4*)8% 8*A*)8- 0)B%)# M%6&0'- -;6/ %- &/* -&%&* 0M 8*B06'%6# %)8 -&%&*P-06(* '*,%&(0)-/(A- RZ"
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overcome constraints to womens leadership and participation in the energy sector (Thorsen et%, >UW H) %88(&(0)I &/* *B*'4()4 &'*)8 0M 60'A0'%&* -06(%, '*-A0)-(:(,( B(4/& A'0@(8* %)
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&/* C0@*')B*)& 0M J0'K%# %)8 &/* H)&*')%&(0)%, D)*'4# ?4*)6# RHD?U 0'4%)(X*8 &/* /(4/P,*@*, 60)M*'*)6*9"$)*+ ,2) 600: ,!"-"/!"* -//$%% ,2) &5$ ;22)W>e+*-A(&* % JYF?+ 60BB(--(0)*8-&;8# 0) 4*)8*'P'*-A0)-(@* *)*'4# M()%)6()4I K/(6/ K%- ,%;)6/*8 8;'()4 &/* 60)M*'*)6*RG/0'-*) *& %, >UI 4*)8*' 0' '*M*'*)6*- &0 4*)8*' 8(B*)-(0)- %'* )0& B*)&(0)*8 () &/*60)M*'*)6* -;BB%'#>dW ?)8 K/(,* 4,0:%, *)*'4# 0;&,00ks and statements refer to womensenergy poverty, womens drudgery in the biomass collection cycle and the importance of genderB%()-&'*%B()4 () &/* *)*'4# -*6&0'I %& &/* 4,0:%, ,*@*, Komens voices and political space are
()-;MM(6(*)& &0 %88'*-- ()%8*E;%&* ()&*')%&(0)%, %&&*)&(0) %)8 *MM0'& &0 A'0B0&* &/* '*%,(X%&(0) 0Mwomens rights to access energy services.
While active, global womens organizations and efforts need strengthening. Energy specificwomens networks and organisations (such as ENERGIA) h%@* M0' B%)# #*%'- 806;B*)&*8I8(--*B()%&*8 %)8 %8@06%&*8 M0' 4*)8*' *E;%,( () &/* *)*'4# -*6&0'I :;& &/* DJDFCH?)*&K0'O 6%) :*60B* 0@*'-&'*&6/*8 (M (& (- &0 '*-A0)8 &0 %,, B%\0' *)*'4# ()(&(%&(@*- %& )%&(0)%,
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enabling private and commercial investments in energy access. Womens organizations in the],(B%&* ]/%)4* %'*)% %'* B%O()4 '*8(-&'(:;&(@* 6,%(B- %)8 %'4;* &/%& 6,(B%&* M;)8- )**8 &0 &%O*
8(MM*'*)& 4*)8*' )**8- ()&0 %660;)& R?'*)8 %)8 T0KB%) >UW ? -&;8# 60BB(--(0)*8 :#NORAD makes the same claim with regard to Financing Energy for all (Thorsen et al 2011.).
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Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW) refers to womens electricity rights. It obligates StateParties to the convention to &-
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6/0(6* () *)*'4# -*'@(6* A'0@(-(0) A%'&(6;,%',# M0' &/* A00' R-&(,, )0 B*)&(0) 0M K0B*)UW G/*governments role was to change to that of a regulator. The liberalization model failedA%'&(6;,%',# K/*'* A'(@%&* 60BA%)(*- 8*B0)-&'%&*8 ,(&&,* ()&*'*-& () *LA%)8()4 *,*6&'(6( -;AA,(*-&0 ';'%, %'*%-W ?,-0I )%&(0)%, '*4;,%&0'# %)8 ,*4(-,%&(@* B*%-;'*- () 4*)*'%, M*,, -/0'& 0M &%'4*&()4(--;*- 0M %66*--(:(,( %)8 %MM0'8%:(,(W G/* 60)-*E;*)6*- () 8(-&'(:;&(0) K*'* -*@*'*1 '*8;6*8*,*6&'(M(6%&(0) 60@*'%4* () ';'%, %'*%-I ()6'*%-*8 &%'(MM ,*@*,-I %)8 &/* *L6,;-(0) 0M &/* A00' M'0BB08*') *)*'4# -*'@(6*- R],%)6# *& %, bd=-I (W*W &/%& &/*'* (- )0economic value attached to womens work resulting in inadequate policy and programmeattention to womens energy concerns. For the same reasons, investing in womens energy needs(- )0& )*6*--%'(,# 4(@*) /(4/ A'(0'( %& &/* /0;-*/0,8 %)8 60BB;)( ,*@*,W
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realization of womens rights to access energy. Governments did not manage to develop-;MM(6(*)&,# -&'0)4 ,*4(-,%&(@* %)8 '*4;,%&0'# M'%B*K0'O- &/%& A'0B0&* %66*-- &0 B08*') *)*'4#M0' 8(-%8@%)&%4*8 4'0;A- &/'0;4/ &/* B%'O*&W
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*L%BA,*I K(&/ ,(B(&*8 &*);'* %)8 A'0A*' '(4/&-I -0,%' -#-&*B-I K()8 &;':()*-I :(0PM;*,A,%)&%&(0)- *&6W &/%& '*E;('* ,%)8 %'* ()/*'*)&,# 60)&'0,,*8 :# B*) K/0 0M&*) '*%A &/* :*)*M(&-
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M'%6&(0)- 0M &/*(' :;84*&- 0) 600O()4 M;*,W H) 50;&h Asias major urban centers, energy poverty(- A'0B()*)& () -,;B- %)8 ;':%) 8K*,,()4-W H) 5;: 5%/%'%) ?M'(6% ;':%) *)*'4# %66*--
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()800' &*BA*'%&;'* >< ]UW 5;6/ % -*& 0M ()&*')%&(0)%,,# %4'**8 B()(B;B -&%)8%'8- K0;,8 %,,0K6,*%' %)8 60BA%'%:,* %--*--B*)&- 0M &/* '*%,(X%&(0) 0M *)*'4# '(4/&-W .'%6&(6%, ?6&(0) %,-0
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