genetics and molecular biology jeopardy!! transcription and rna processing translation and genetic...

Genetics and Molecular Biology JEOPARDY!!

Transcription and RNA Processing

Translation and Genetic Code

More Translation and

Mutations

Genetics 1 Genetics 2

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10 10 Transcription and RNA

Processing

The gene sequence that indicates the start of a gene is called….

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TATA box or promoter (TATAAA)

Transcription and RNA Processing

2020 Transcription and RNA

Processing

The enzyme that adds complementary RNA strands to the

template DNA

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RNA Polymerase

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To protect the mRNA from destruction by cytoplasmic enzymes,

it needs…

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A “G” cap and a poly “A” tail

30 30 Community 1Community 1

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Why is mRNA at the ribosome shorter than it was in the nucleus?

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RNA splicing– introns are removed and exons are pasted together.

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To begin transcription, the TATA box must be bound by…

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Transcription Factors

Transcription and RNA Processing

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The genetic code consists of…

Translation and Genetic Code

Codons (3 nucleotide sequences on mRNA)

1010 Translation and Genetic Code

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What is translation?

Translation and Genetic Code

Conversion of nucleic acid Conversion of nucleic acid language to amino acid language language to amino acid language

to build a proteinto build a protein

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What does tRNA do in translation?What does tRNA do in translation?

Translation and Genetic Code

Joins to a specific amino acid and Joins to a specific amino acid and transfer it by matching its transfer it by matching its

anticodon to the codon on mRNA anticodon to the codon on mRNA at the ribosomeat the ribosome

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What happens during initiation of What happens during initiation of translation?translation?

Translation and Genetic Code

mRNA joins with the small mRNA joins with the small ribosomal subunit, which is then ribosomal subunit, which is then joined by a tRNA, and then joined by a tRNA, and then joined by the large ribosomal joined by the large ribosomal subunit. subunit.

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Why is it significant that there are Why is it significant that there are 64 codons for 20 amino acids?64 codons for 20 amino acids?

Translation and Genetic Code

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Mutations can still occur with potentially no noticeable effect on the phenotype.

Translation and Genetic Code

1010 More Translation and Mutations

Any mutation that affects a single nucleotide is called…

Point Mutation

1010 More Translation and Mutations

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A chromosomal mutation can either A chromosomal mutation can either be…be…

More Translation and Mutations

*chromosome number*chromosome number(nondisjunction)(nondisjunction)

*chromosome structure*chromosome structure(deletion, duplication, (deletion, duplication,

inversion, translocation)inversion, translocation)

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Frameshift mutations can be caused Frameshift mutations can be caused by…by…

More Translation and Mutations

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Insertions or deletions

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List the sequence of events in List the sequence of events in translation.translation.

More Translation and Mutations

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*Initiation*Elongation <Codon recognition, peptide

bond formation, translocation>*Termination

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In terms of In terms of transcription and transcription and

translation, how does translation, how does genotype determine genotype determine

phenotype?phenotype?

More Translation and Mutations

5050 More Translation and Mutations*the information from the gene

on DNA that was inherited from parents is the genotype. It is transcribed onto mRNA, and eventually translated into a protein. The protein is the

phenotype (expression of the genotype)

1010 Genetics 1

Colorblindness and hemophilia are examles of…

1010 Genetics 1

Sex-linked, recessive traits

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The allele that is The allele that is expressed in the expressed in the

phenotype is phenotype is referred to as ….referred to as ….

Genetics 1

2020 Genetics 1

DominantDominant

3030 Genetics 1

After mating a brown bunny with a white bunny, the offspring are all brown. What are the genotypes of the parents? The offspring?

3030 Genetics 1

Parents- BB X bb Offspring- Bb

4040 Genetics 1

Since each pair of alleles Since each pair of alleles segregate separately from segregate separately from other pairs of alleles, Mendel other pairs of alleles, Mendel created…created…

4040Genetics 1

*The Law of Independent Assortment*supported by *supported by homologous chromosome homologous chromosome random sorting during random sorting during metaphase 1 of meiosis. metaphase 1 of meiosis.

5050 Genetics 1

Because alleles separate when Because alleles separate when homologous chromosomes homologous chromosomes split in anaphase 1 of meiosis, split in anaphase 1 of meiosis, this supports Mendel’s…this supports Mendel’s…

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Law of Segregation

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My name is Bond, Ionic Bond;Taken, not shared!

Genetics 2Genetics 2

10 Population Growth

From: Mariano Cecowski <MCecowski#NoSpam.sif.com.ar>

Q: if both a bear in Yosemite and one in Alaska fall into the waterwhich one disolves faster?

A: The one in Alaska because it is

HIJKLMNO

10 Population Growth

Alimentary: What Sherlock Holmes said to Dr. Watson.

Urinate: What a nurse would say if a patient asked her what room he's in.

Urine - The opposite of "You're out!"Benign: What we want when we are eight.

Intestine - Currently taking an exam

CARDIOLOGY: advanced study of poker playing

TERMINAL ILLNESS: getting sick at the airport

1010 Genetics 2Genetics 2

Mendel discovered that a dihybrid cross between parents heterozygous for both traits will always show what kind of phenotypic ratio?

1010 Genetics 2Genetics 2

9:3:3:1

1010 Genetics 2Genetics 2

2020 Genetics 2Genetics 2

To determine the genotype of a dominant trait, you can mate this individual with…

An individual homozygous An individual homozygous recessive for the trait (called a recessive for the trait (called a

test cross)test cross)

2020Genetics 2Genetics 2

3030 Genetics 2Genetics 2

When both alleles are When both alleles are expressed in an expressed in an offspring, this is called…offspring, this is called…

3030 Genetics 2Genetics 2

*codominance

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4040 Genetics 2Genetics 2

Skin color is an example of….

4040 Genetics 2Genetics 2

Polygenic Inheritance

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The Chromosome Theory of The Chromosome Theory of Inheritance states…Inheritance states…

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It’s the behavior of It’s the behavior of chromosomes during chromosomes during meiosis and fertilization meiosis and fertilization that accounts for that accounts for inheritance patterns. inheritance patterns.