germany and the rise of nazism hitler and germany 1919--1933
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THE TREATY OF VERSIALLEEND OF WORLD WAR ONE
1919
CAUSES FOR THE NEXT WAR: (STAB IN THE BACK)
1. THE NEW MAP OF EUROPEA. LOSS OF GERMAN TERRITORY
2. DEMILITARIZATION OF GERMANY3. WAR REPARATIONS TO THE VICTORS4. ADMITION TO THE STARTING OF WAR5. GERMANY NOT ALLOWED TO PARTICIPATE
GERMANY WAS DISGRACED!!THE NEW GOVERNMENT BLAMED FOR
SELLING GERMANY OUT!!!
SIGNED BY THE WEIMAR GOVERNMENT
GERMANY 1919-1925
AUGUST 1919-1925-WEIMAR GOVERNMENT
1. DOOMED FROM THE START:A. TREATY OF VERSIALLEB. INFLATIONC. VERY LIBERALD. STAB IN BACK THEORYE. FEAR OF COMMUNISMF. RISE OF HITLER
4/18/04 Weimar and Nazi Germany 3
Overview
The Nazi Party was formed in 1919
Hitler joined the party shortly afterit’s inception
Germany was in a state of disarrayafter the First World War
There were many extremist groupsin Germany at the time
ORIGIN OF THE PARTY---DAP MUNICH GERMANY
• OCTOBER 16TH HITLER THE POLITICIAN IS BORN
• HIS FIRST SPEECH (ANTI-SEMITIC--ANTI -VERSIALLE
•RECRUITING FOLLOWERS OF ERNST RHOM
FEBRUARY 25TH 1920 SPEAKS TO A CROWD OF 2000
• OUTLINES 25 POINTS
•HITLER TAKES OVER NSDAP
•ADOPTS THE SWASTIKA AS SYMBOL
•THE MEANING OF THE FLAG
4/18/04 Weimar and Nazi Germany 4
1919-1923
Many Germans were disillusioned after thedefeat in the First World war. Ex-soldiers felt thatthey had been ‘Stabbed in the back’ and felt thatthey had not been defeated on thebattlefield.Many of them joined Right Winggroups such as the Freikorps or the Nazi party.
The Spartacist rising, amongst others, led tomany people fearing a Communist revolution inGermany. People looked to right Wing groups toact against this: the Freikorps in particular.
Economic hardship was coupled with humiliationas a result of the terms of the Treaty of Versailles.Right Wing groups gained popularity by sayingthat they would not adhere to it’s terms.
1921--1923 ECONOMIC COLLAPSE OF GERMANY
• NAZI MEMBERSHIP 1923 55,OOO
• NOV. 8 1923 BEER HALL PUTSCH
• HITLER BETRAYED BY KHAR, LOSSOW, SEISSER
HITLER ON TRIAL
• HITLER SPEAKS TO THE NATION
• APRIL 1 SENT TO LANDSBERG PRISON
•MEIN KAMPF
•ARYANS VERSUS JEWS
• NAZI PARTY BANNED
THROUGHOUT MEIN KAMPF HITLER REFERSTO JEWS AS:
PARASITES, LIARS, DIRTY, CRAFTY, SLY, WILY, CLEVER,WITHOUT TRUE CULTURE, A SPONGER, A MIDDLEMAN,A MAGGOT, ETERNAL BLOOD SUCKERS, REPULSIVE UNSCRUPULOUS MONSTERS, FOREIGN, MENACE, BLOOD THIRSTY, AVARICIOUS.
THE DESTROYER OF ARYAN HUMANITY
MY
STRUGGLELEBENSRAUM ANDRETRIBUTION
4/18/04 Weimar and Nazi Germany 5
How did the Nazi party gain supportin this period?
Military uniforms demonstrated strength at a timewhen the government was weak
Use of force against communists and Tradeunionists was popular with businesses
Populist policies and rhetoric were employed todiscredit opponents and develop support.
References to traditional values and reminders of‘Who was to blame’ for the economic crisis buildssupport.
4/18/04 Weimar and Nazi Germany 6
1923: Violent uprising
By 1923 the Nazi party had gained much supportin Bavaria. Now firmly under the control of AdolfHitler the group attempts to seize control of thegovernment through use of force.
Despite having many sympathisers the coup failsand Hitler is imprisoned.
The failure of the Beer Hall Putsch demonstratesthat power needs to be taken through legalmeans.
4/18/04 Weimar and Nazi Germany 6
1923: Violent uprising
By 1923 the Nazi party had gained much supportin Bavaria. Now firmly under the control of AdolfHitler the group attempts to seize control of thegovernment through use of force.
Despite having many sympathisers the coup failsand Hitler is imprisoned.
The failure of the Beer Hall Putsch demonstratesthat power needs to be taken through legalmeans.
4/18/04 Weimar and Nazi Germany 8
1924-1929
Focus on traditional values
Builds fear of Left Wing groups Continued use of military imagery
Lack of electoral support due torelative prosperity in Germany atthe time
A NEW BEGININNG 1924 DECEMBER RELEASE
• NAZI BAN LIFTED•THE ORGANIZATION OF A REAL PARTY•HITLER BANNED FROM SPEAKING FOR 2 YEARS
•CREATION OF SHADOW GOVERNMENT• SA BROWNSHIRTS --ERNST ROHM• HITLER PRIVATE GUARD THE SS JOSEF BERCHTOLD•HITLER YOUTH 15--18 YAHRS• GIRLS JOINED THE BUND DUETSCHER MEADEL
1925 ELECTION OF HINDENBURG --DAWES PLAN• QUIET YEARS FOR NAZI --MEMBERSHIP DECLINES 17,000• DISCOVERY OF JOESEPH GOEBBELS• THE BIRTH OF NAZI PROPAGANDA• 1927 HITLER ALLOWED TO SPEAK IN PUBLIC ARENA• HITLER AND GELI RABAUL • OCTOBER 29TH THE AMERICAN STOCK MARKET CRASHES
4/18/04 Weimar and Nazi Germany 9
1929-1932 A Change inFortunes Wall Street Crash leads to end of
effective financial assistance fromUSA
Unemployment rises rapidly
Hyperinflation recurs
Threat of Communism increases
Coalition government fails toaddress problems successfully
4/18/04 Weimar and Nazi Germany 10
Into government (1)
Nazi’s use force to prevent uprisings
Rhetoric plays on peoples fears
Big Business won over through radical economicplans
Emphasis placed on military power wins supportof many soldiers and traditionalists.
Weak coalition governments enables Nazi’s togain political strength
Propaganda and shows of might impress themasses
4/18/04 Weimar and Nazi Germany 11
Into Government (2)
Electoral support rises: Nazi’sbecome largest single party in theReichstag
Continuing economic crisis leadsto break down of coalitions
Aging and ineffective presidentincreasingly reliant upon Article 48
Germany in desperate need of astrong leader
4/18/04 Weimar and Nazi Germany 12
In Power
Invited to become chancellor bypoliticians who believe that Hitlercan be manipulated easily
President Hindenburg’s deathallows Hitler to assumepresidential powers
Nazi Party’s rise to power iscomplete
4/18/04 Weimar and Nazi Germany 13
Rise to power: anoverview Strong leadership
Determination
Popular Rhetoric and Hitler’s capabilities as apublic speaker
Weakness of Coalition government
Wall Street Crash and the consequent economiccollapse
Support of significant businessmen
Disruption of extremist opponents
Fear of Communism
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