GERMANY AND THE RISE

OFNAZISM

HITLER

AND

GERMANY 1919--1933

1914EUROPE

THE TREATY OF VERSIALLEEND OF WORLD WAR ONE

1919

CAUSES FOR THE NEXT WAR: (STAB IN THE BACK)

1. THE NEW MAP OF EUROPEA. LOSS OF GERMAN TERRITORY

2. DEMILITARIZATION OF GERMANY3. WAR REPARATIONS TO THE VICTORS4. ADMITION TO THE STARTING OF WAR5. GERMANY NOT ALLOWED TO PARTICIPATE

GERMANY WAS DISGRACED!!THE NEW GOVERNMENT BLAMED FOR

SELLING GERMANY OUT!!!

SIGNED BY THE WEIMAR GOVERNMENT

GERMANY 1919-1925

AUGUST 1919-1925-WEIMAR GOVERNMENT

1. DOOMED FROM THE START:A. TREATY OF VERSIALLEB. INFLATIONC. VERY LIBERALD. STAB IN BACK THEORYE. FEAR OF COMMUNISMF. RISE OF HITLER

UNEMPLOYEDIN MILLIONS

THE BEGINNING

OF

NAZISM

4/18/04 Weimar and Nazi Germany 3

Overview

The Nazi Party was formed in 1919

Hitler joined the party shortly afterit’s inception

Germany was in a state of disarrayafter the First World War

There were many extremist groupsin Germany at the time

ORIGIN OF THE PARTY---DAP MUNICH GERMANY

• OCTOBER 16TH HITLER THE POLITICIAN IS BORN

• HIS FIRST SPEECH (ANTI-SEMITIC--ANTI -VERSIALLE

•RECRUITING FOLLOWERS OF ERNST RHOM

FEBRUARY 25TH 1920 SPEAKS TO A CROWD OF 2000

• OUTLINES 25 POINTS

•HITLER TAKES OVER NSDAP

•ADOPTS THE SWASTIKA AS SYMBOL

•THE MEANING OF THE FLAG

4/18/04 Weimar and Nazi Germany 4

1919-1923

Many Germans were disillusioned after thedefeat in the First World war. Ex-soldiers felt thatthey had been ‘Stabbed in the back’ and felt thatthey had not been defeated on thebattlefield.Many of them joined Right Winggroups such as the Freikorps or the Nazi party.

The Spartacist rising, amongst others, led tomany people fearing a Communist revolution inGermany. People looked to right Wing groups toact against this: the Freikorps in particular.

Economic hardship was coupled with humiliationas a result of the terms of the Treaty of Versailles.Right Wing groups gained popularity by sayingthat they would not adhere to it’s terms.

1921--1923 ECONOMIC COLLAPSE OF GERMANY

• NAZI MEMBERSHIP 1923 55,OOO

• NOV. 8 1923 BEER HALL PUTSCH

• HITLER BETRAYED BY KHAR, LOSSOW, SEISSER

HITLER ON TRIAL

• HITLER SPEAKS TO THE NATION

• APRIL 1 SENT TO LANDSBERG PRISON

•MEIN KAMPF

•ARYANS VERSUS JEWS

• NAZI PARTY BANNED

THROUGHOUT MEIN KAMPF HITLER REFERSTO JEWS AS:

PARASITES, LIARS, DIRTY, CRAFTY, SLY, WILY, CLEVER,WITHOUT TRUE CULTURE, A SPONGER, A MIDDLEMAN,A MAGGOT, ETERNAL BLOOD SUCKERS, REPULSIVE UNSCRUPULOUS MONSTERS, FOREIGN, MENACE, BLOOD THIRSTY, AVARICIOUS.

THE DESTROYER OF ARYAN HUMANITY

MY

STRUGGLELEBENSRAUM ANDRETRIBUTION

4/18/04 Weimar and Nazi Germany 5

How did the Nazi party gain supportin this period?

Military uniforms demonstrated strength at a timewhen the government was weak

Use of force against communists and Tradeunionists was popular with businesses

Populist policies and rhetoric were employed todiscredit opponents and develop support.

References to traditional values and reminders of‘Who was to blame’ for the economic crisis buildssupport.

4/18/04 Weimar and Nazi Germany 6

1923: Violent uprising

By 1923 the Nazi party had gained much supportin Bavaria. Now firmly under the control of AdolfHitler the group attempts to seize control of thegovernment through use of force.

Despite having many sympathisers the coup failsand Hitler is imprisoned.

The failure of the Beer Hall Putsch demonstratesthat power needs to be taken through legalmeans.

4/18/04 Weimar and Nazi Germany 6

1923: Violent uprising

By 1923 the Nazi party had gained much supportin Bavaria. Now firmly under the control of AdolfHitler the group attempts to seize control of thegovernment through use of force.

Despite having many sympathisers the coup failsand Hitler is imprisoned.

The failure of the Beer Hall Putsch demonstratesthat power needs to be taken through legalmeans.

4/18/04 Weimar and Nazi Germany 8

1924-1929

Focus on traditional values

Builds fear of Left Wing groups Continued use of military imagery

Lack of electoral support due torelative prosperity in Germany atthe time

A NEW BEGININNG 1924 DECEMBER RELEASE

• NAZI BAN LIFTED•THE ORGANIZATION OF A REAL PARTY•HITLER BANNED FROM SPEAKING FOR 2 YEARS

•CREATION OF SHADOW GOVERNMENT• SA BROWNSHIRTS --ERNST ROHM• HITLER PRIVATE GUARD THE SS JOSEF BERCHTOLD•HITLER YOUTH 15--18 YAHRS• GIRLS JOINED THE BUND DUETSCHER MEADEL

1925 ELECTION OF HINDENBURG --DAWES PLAN• QUIET YEARS FOR NAZI --MEMBERSHIP DECLINES 17,000• DISCOVERY OF JOESEPH GOEBBELS• THE BIRTH OF NAZI PROPAGANDA• 1927 HITLER ALLOWED TO SPEAK IN PUBLIC ARENA• HITLER AND GELI RABAUL • OCTOBER 29TH THE AMERICAN STOCK MARKET CRASHES

4/18/04 Weimar and Nazi Germany 9

1929-1932 A Change inFortunes Wall Street Crash leads to end of

effective financial assistance fromUSA

Unemployment rises rapidly

Hyperinflation recurs

Threat of Communism increases

Coalition government fails toaddress problems successfully

4/18/04 Weimar and Nazi Germany 10

Into government (1)

Nazi’s use force to prevent uprisings

Rhetoric plays on peoples fears

Big Business won over through radical economicplans

Emphasis placed on military power wins supportof many soldiers and traditionalists.

Weak coalition governments enables Nazi’s togain political strength

Propaganda and shows of might impress themasses

4/18/04 Weimar and Nazi Germany 11

Into Government (2)

Electoral support rises: Nazi’sbecome largest single party in theReichstag

Continuing economic crisis leadsto break down of coalitions

Aging and ineffective presidentincreasingly reliant upon Article 48

Germany in desperate need of astrong leader

4/18/04 Weimar and Nazi Germany 12

In Power

Invited to become chancellor bypoliticians who believe that Hitlercan be manipulated easily

President Hindenburg’s deathallows Hitler to assumepresidential powers

Nazi Party’s rise to power iscomplete

4/18/04 Weimar and Nazi Germany 13

Rise to power: anoverview Strong leadership

Determination

Popular Rhetoric and Hitler’s capabilities as apublic speaker

Weakness of Coalition government

Wall Street Crash and the consequent economiccollapse

Support of significant businessmen

Disruption of extremist opponents

Fear of Communism