global governance (2010 harvard world economic forum)
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GLOBAL GOVERNANCE
2010 HARVARD WORLD ECONOMIC FORUMDebashree Pal | Robert D. Miguel
71% WATER
29% LAND
21% NATIONAL
JURISDICTION
50% HIGH SEA
GOVERNANCE OF OCEANS
Ocean Environment Damage•
Ocean Territorial Issues•
What is the Ocean Garbage Patch?
How does the waste end up in the Ocean?
20%
80%
COMMON POLLUTANTS
10%100milliontonnesofplasticproduced/year
What is it made up of?
10%100milliontonnesofplasticproduced/year
What is it made up of?
10%100milliontonnesofplasticproduced/year
What is it made up of?
90%PLASTIC
Plasticaccountsfor90%ofoceanwaste.Everysquarekilometerofsea
contains46,000piecesofplastic.
Waste travels from the shore with Ocean Currents
NorthPacificGyre
NorthAtlanticGyre
SouthPacificGyre
SouthAtlanticGyre
Indian Ocean Gyre
5 OCEAN GYRES
Because 40% of the oceans are classified as subtropical gyres, a fourth of the planet’s
surface area has become an accumulator of floating plastic debris.
Thepatchhasbeengrowingtenfoldeverydecadesincethe1950s.It is approximated to me twice of Texas and 10m deep.
~1,760,000 squarekilometers
Plasticde
bris
300feet/100
meter
TEXAS TEXAS
Plasticingestionorentanglementkills100,000marinemammalsandturtlesayear,andoveronemillionbirds
Howdoesitaffectus?
PLASTIC
PLASTICPOLYMERS
SMALL FISH
BIG FISH
HUMAN
PresentInternationalMaritimeBoundary
ProposedExtensionofBoundary
The IMF has proposals to extend the boundaries from 200 nautical miles. The Garbage Patch will still remain in international waters.
The IMF has proposals to extend the boundaries from 200 nautical miles. The Garbage Patch will still remain in international waters.
ProposedExtensionofBoundary
UNITED NATIONS CONVENTIONS ON THE LAW OF THE SEA (UNCLOS) GLOBAL GOVERNANCE OF THE SEA
TERRITORIAL SEA
12 n miles 19.3 km
CONTIGUOUS ZONE
24 n miles = 38.65 km
EXCLUSIVE ECONOMIC
ZONE 200 n m
iles = 322 km
CONTINENTAL SHELF
seabed, subsoil
12 n mi 24 n mi 200 n mi
WHAT HAPPENS TO THE POLES?
LOOKING AT THE WORLD FROM ANOTHER PERSPECTIVE
THE ARCTICS THE NEW FRONTIERS
1982
2010-2030
2040-2060
2070-2090
GLOBAL WARMING AND THE MELTING OF THE ARCTIC ICE
1982
2010-2030
1982
2010-2030
2040-2060
2070-2090
2040-2060
1982
2010-2030
2040-2060
2070-2090
2070-2090
1982
2010-2030
2040-2060
2070-2090
ARCTIC NEXT FRONTIER
ARCTIC NEXT FRONTIER
RUSSIAN FEDERATION
UNCLAIMED LAND
DISPUTED LAND / CLAIMS(Beaufort Sea, Northwest Passage,)
USA
CANADA
DENMARK
ICELAND
NORWAY
SOURCE:MaritimejurisdictionandterritorialdelimitationsoftheArticOcean(IBRU/IBCAQ)
RESOURCES
OIL (13% of worlds undiscovered oil)GAS (30% of world undiscovered gas)MINERAL FISHING
PROSPECTIVE RESERVES
OIL PRODUCTION
GAS PRODUCTION
MINING SITE
RESOURCES
NEW TRADE ROUTES
NEW TRADE ROUTES
Strait Claim for internationalnavigation
40% Shorter Shipping Route
MILITARY _ NATIONAL SECURITY
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