handbook of fourier transform raman and infrared spectra of polymers

physical sciences data 45

physical sciences data

Other titles in this series:

1 J. Wisniak and A. Tamir, Mixing and Excess Thermodynamic Properties 2 J.R. Green and D. Margerison, Statistical Treatment of Experimental Data 3 K. Kojima and K. Tochigi, Prediction of Vapor-Liquid Equilibria by the ASOG Method 4 S. Fraga, J. Karwowski and K.M.S. Saxena, Atomic Energy Levels 5 S. Fraga, J. Karwowski and K.M.S. Saxena, Handbook of Atomic Data 6 M. Broul, J. Nyvlt and 0. Sohnel, Solubility in Inorganic Two-Component Systems 7 J. Wisniak and A. Tamir, Liquid-Liquid Equilibrium and Extraction 8 S. Fraga and J. Muszynska, Atoms in External Fields 9 A. Tslaf, Combined Properties of Conductors

10 J. Wisniak, Phase Diagrams 11 J. Wisniak and A. Tamir, Mixing and Excess Thermodynamic Properties, Supplement 1 12 K. Ohno and K. Morokuma, Quantum Chemistry Literature Data Base 13 A. Apelblat, Table of Definite and Infinite Integrals 14 A. Tamir, E. Tamir and K. Stephan, Heats of Phase Change of Pure Components and Mixtures 15 O.V. Mazurin, M.V. Streltsina and T.P. Shvaiko-Shvaikovskaya, Handbook of Glass Data 16 S. Huzinaga (Editor), Gaussian Basis Sets for Molecular Calculations 17 T. Boublik, V. Fried and E. Hala, The Vapour Pressures of Pure Substances (2nd revised edition) 18 J. Wisniak and M. Herskowitz, Solubility of Gases and Solids 19 D. Horvath and R.M. Lambrecht, Exotic Atoms. A Bibliography 1939-1982 20 R.K. Winge, V.A. Fassel, V.J. Peterson and M.A. Floyd, Inductively Coupled Plasma-Atomic

21 A. Sala, Radiant Properties of Materials. Tables of Radiant Values for Black Bodies and

22 0. Sohnel and P. Novotny, Densities of Aqueous Solutions of Inorganic Substances 23 J. Wisniak and A. Tamir, Liquid-Liquid Equilibrium and Extraction, Supplement 1 24 R. Pokier, R. Kari and I.G. Csizmadia, Handbook of Gaussian Basis Sets 25 B.D. Smith and R. Srivastava, Thermodynamic Data for Pure Compounds 26 J. Wisniak and A. Tamir, Mixing and Excess Thermodynamic Properties, Supplement 2 27 J. Wisniak, Phase Diagrams, Supplement 1 28 J. Wisniak a$ A. Tamir, Liquid-Liquid Equilibrium and Extraction, Supplement 2 29 R.A. Hites and W.J. Simonsick, Jr., Calculated Molecular Properties of Polycyclic

30 J.R. Dias, Handbook of Polycyclic Hydrocarbons 31 G. Hradetzky, I. Hammerl, H-J. Bittrich, K. Wehner and W. Kisan, Selective Solvents.

32 J.L. Delcroix, Gas-Phase Chemical Physics Database 33 Y.C. Jean, R.M. Lambrecht and D. Horvath, Positrons and Positronium. A Bibliography

34 T. Shida, Electronic Absorption Spectra of Radical Ions 35 M. Okawara, T. Kitao, T. Hirashima and M. Matsuoka, Organic Colorants.

A Handbook of Data of Selected Dyes for Electro-optical Applications 36 R. Mills and V.M.M. Lobo, Electrolyte Solutions: Literature Data on Self-Diffusion Coefficients 37 S. Ohe, Vapor-Liquid Equilibrium Data 38 B. Cheynet, Thermodynamic Properties of Inorganic Materials 39 J. Czerminski, A. Iwasiewicz, J. Paszek and A. Sikorski, Statistical Methods in Applied Chemistry 40 L.A. Nakhimovsky, M. Lamotte and J. Joussot-Dubien, Handbook of Low-Temperature

Electronic Spectra of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons 41 V.M.M. Lobo, Handbook of Electrolyte Solutions 42 S. Ohe, Vapor-Liquid Equilibrium Data at High Pressure 43 S. Ohe, Vapor-Liquid Equilibrium Data - Salt Effects 44 C. Wohlfarth, Vapour-Liquid Equilibrium Data at Binary Polymer Solutions 45 A.H. Kuptsov and G.N. Zhizhin, Handbook of Fourier Transform, Raman and Infrared Spectra of

Emission Spectroscopy

Real Materials

Aromatic Hydrocarbons

Data on Dimethylformamide-N-Methylcaprolacta~N-Methylpyrrolidone

1930-1984

Polymers

physical sciences data 45

handbook of fourier transform raman and infrared spectra of polymers

a. h . ku ptsov Russian Federal Center of Forensic Sciences, Ministry of Justice of Russia 119034 Moscow, Russia

g.n. zhizhin Head of Solid State Spectroscopy Department, Institute of Spectroscopy, Academy of Sciences of Russia, Troitzk, 742092 Moscow Region, Russia

1998 ELSEVIER Amsterdam - Lausanne - New York - Oxford -Shannon -Singapore - Tokyo

ELSEVIER SCIENCE PUBLISHERS B.V. Sara Burgerhartstraat 25 P.O. Box 21 1,1000 AE Amsterdam, The Netherlands

Library o f Congress Cataloging-in-Publication D a t a

Kuptsov, A . H. Handbook of fourier transform Raman and infrared spectra of

polymers / A.H. Kuptsov, G.N. Zhizhin. p. cm. -- (Physical sciences data ; 45)

Includes index.

1 . Polymers--Spectra--Handbooks, manuals, etc. 2. Fourier transform spectroscopy--Handbooks, manuals, etc. 3. Raman spectroscopy--Handbooks, manuals, etc. 4. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy--Handbooks, manuals, etc. I. Zhizhin, G. N. (German Nikolaevich) 11. Title. 111. Series. QC463.P5K86 1998 547.7'046--d~21 98-2 1957

ISBN 0-444-82620-3

ISBN: 0-444-82620-3 (Val. 45) ISBN: 0-444-41689-7 (Series)

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Printed in The Netherlands

Contents

Historical introduction

The essential principles of infrared absorption and Raman scattering

Important advantages of Raman spectroscopy

Main stages in the development of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy

FTIR spectrometer - optical correlometer

Fourier transform Raman spectroscopy

Characterization of samples

Polymer classification

Polymer classification guide

Experimental conditions

Comments on data presentation

References

Appendix

Spectral interpretation literature

Spectral collections

Acknowledgements

Spectra

Alphabetical compound name index

Alphabetical synonym or TM index

Alphabetical general formula index

Chemical Abstracts Service registry number index

xxxiii

This Page Intentionally Left Blank

Historical introduction

Towards the end of the 19th and the beginning of the 20th century, optical

spectroscopy studies were able to show that molecules possess complex and highly specific

vibrational spectra in the spectral range of 4000-700 cm". It became clear that only those

vibrations which produce an oscillating dipole moment give rise to infrared absorption. The

main principles of light-scattering were also understood rather early. In 1922 Brillouin predicted

light-scattering by long acoustic waves [l]. In 1923, Smecal was one of the first of a number of

scientists to predict that molecules could scatter light inelastically [2, 31. He suggested that

molecular polarizability often changes as particular vibrations occur. This led him to propose

that the shift in frequency between the incident and scattered light would be characteristic of

molecular vibrations. Raman and Krishnan [4] and, almost concurrently, Landsberg and

Mandelstam in Russia [5] demonstrated the predicted effect on liquids [4] and on quartz crystals

[5] and hence Raman spectroscopy was born. The simple apparatus required to record Raman

spectra at that time already existed in most laboratories. The Raman scattering was excited by

using a powerful mercury-vapour discharge lamp, analysed with a conventional spectrograph,

and recorded on photographic plates. By 1939 the conventional method of studying the

vibrational characteristics of compounds was Raman rather than infrared (IR) spectroscopy, and

a vast range of liquids had been analysed. However, following the Second World War, high

sensitivity IR detectors became available and, coupled with advances in electronics, this made

the development of automatic IR spectrometers possible. Thus, IR spectra could be recorded

routinely, in contrast with Raman spectroscopy. In the mid 1960s visible-range lasers were

developed and proved to be ideal sources for Raman experiments. Their exceptionally high

radiance, almost total polarization, and the highly monochromatic nature of laser radiation make

them superb sources for the excitation of Raman spectra. The lasers currently available provide

radiation in the broad wavelength range from the ultraviolet to the near-IR region and have

added to these advantages. The use of lasers has drastically reduced the amount of material

required for obtaining spectra: a rough lower limit is several micrograms of a liquid or solid

specimen. The accessibility of a wide spectral range of laser radiation has practically removed

the limitations associated with the colour of the sample. The spatial directivity and polarization

of laser radiation make it easy to measure the polarization properties of the Raman lines and

their absolute intensity (the scattering cross-section), while the highly monochromatic nature of

the radiation simplifies the study of line shapes and fine structure. The number of publications

on the application of the Raman scattering method has grown rapidly and now the ratio of IR

to Raman investigations is close to one. These two methods complement each other in studies of

the structure and physico-chemical properties of crystals and molecular systems.

Raman spectroscopy has been limited in its applications by one major point -

fluorescence. As a phenomenon, fluorescence is approximately lo6 - lo8 times stronger than

Raman scattering. Often, when one tries to excite a Raman spectrum, the fluorescence is the

only phenomenon observed. Trace impurities, coatings on polymers, additives, etc., may

fluoresce so strongly that it is impossible to observe the Raman spectrum of a major component.

The use of W or near-IR excitation has proved to be effective in reducing this problem. Its

main reduction is related to the widespread application of FT-Raman spectroscopy.

The essential principles of infrared absorption and Raman scattering

The simplest way of describing the mechanism of Raman spectroscopy is via an

energy level diagram. An incident photon of energy hv, interacts with a molecule having

vibrational energy levels vI, v2, etc. Most of the incident radiation is unchanged in energy. It is

transmitted, refracted, reflected, or even scattered, but at the same energy (frequency). A small

portion of the energy, however, is lost to the vibrational energy levels and appears as h(v,-v,),

h(v,-v,), etc. This is the Raman-scattered radiation. If v,,v,, etc., are relatively close to the

ground state, at ordinary temperatures these levels will have a significant population determined

by the Boltzmann distribution. In this case, molecules in the vibrationally excited states can

interact with the incident radiation and return to the ground state. This will result in energies of

(v,+v,), (v,+v2), etc., being observed. The shifts to lower and higher energy are known as Stokes

and anti-Stokes Raman scattering, respectively: the first type is used most frequently. In all

spectroscopy there is a mechanism by which the incident radiation interacts with the molecular

energy levels. For infrared (IR) absorption spectroscopy, which is associated with molecular

vibrational energy levels, it is the change in dipole moment during the vibration. For Raman

spectroscopy, the mechanism has its origins in the general phenomenon of light scattering, in

which the electromagnetic radiation interacts with a pulsating, deformable (polarizable) electron

cloud. In the specific case of vibrational Raman scattering, this interaction is modulated by the

molecular vibrations.

Suppose that the incident electric field associated with the light, which is the wave

phenomenon, is represented by E = E, cos 2nvt, where E is the time-dependent intensity, E, the

maximum amplitude, and v is the frequency. This field induces a dipole p, such that

p = a E = uE,, cos 2nvt,

where the proportionality constant a is known as the polarizability. The classical theory gives

the average rate of total radiation as

I = ( I 6 n4 Nc') v4 p:,

where po is the amplitude of p. For this case the scattered radiation has the same frequency as

the incident. The expression for p can be rewritten in terms of Cartesian components; in its

For almost every case, a is a symmetric matrix (axy=a,, etc.). Now suppose that the

scattering body is not just a polarizable sphere but has vibrational modes of its own - normal

modes, Q, described by

Qk = Q,"COS 27CVkt.

These oscillations can affect the polarizability, and this effect can be written as

a = a,+(aa/aQ,") Qk + higher-order terms.

Multiplying by E gives

aE=p=a,E+(aa/aQ,")QkE.

The expression for p now becomes

p = a,E,cos 2nvt + E,Q;(aa/aQ& cos 2nvt cos 2nv,t.

Using a trigonometric identity for the product of two cosines, this can be rewritten as

p = ~,E,cos 2nvt + O.SE,Q,"(aa/dQ&[cos 2n(v + v&t + cos 2n(v - v&].

The three terms of this equation represent the three major phenomena observed in a

simple Raman spectroscopy experiment: the first term is elastic scattering (without frequency

change), known as Rayleigh scattering, the second term, of frequency (v+vk), is anti-Stokes

Raman scattering, and the third one is the Stokes Raman scattering. The classical description

gives only a very limited insight into the relative intensities of each of these phenomena. One

does expect that aalaQ, will be much smaller than a,, so that the Raman scattering should be

less intense than the Rayleigh scattering. This is in fact the case. Moreover, the classical

prediction indicates a simple, linear dependence of Raman scattering on incident beam intensity

and sample concentration, again consistent with experiment except for certain special cases. The

relative intensities of the Stokes - and anti-Stokes-scattering are only predicted to differ by the

ratio of [(v-vk)/(v+vk>]', which is not in accord with observation. The Boltzmann distribution

will be the major factor in determining the relative intensities of these two phenomena. The

population of any excited level is always less than that of the ground state, making the Stokes

Raman scattering always more intense than the anti-Stokes. A full quantum mechanical

treatment of the Raman effect is usually done using time-dependent perturbation theory (see

Long [6]) and only certain key results will be given here. From the classical approach it can be

appreciated that the geometry of the sample and that of experiment (incident and observing

directions) will affect the observations. For analytical purposes, the most important samples are

liquids and randomly oriented solids. The commonly used experimental geometry has the

observation at right angles to the excitation, although there are occasionally good reasons for

observing the scattering in other directions, particularly at 180" to the direction of excitation. A

special case of interest, that of oriented polymers, is discussed in ref. [7].

Placzek [8] originally derived the expressions for Raman scattering with different

geometries, including the conventional 90" scattering, and put these into a convenient form. In

these expressions, the polarizability (a) is divided into two parts:

a=aS+aa,

where as is the symmetric or isotropic part and aa is the asymmetric or anisotropic part. These

are defined as

3as = a,, + a,, + a,,

2(a"* = [(a,, - a,,)2 + (a,? - ad2 + (a22 - + 6(ax,2 + a?: + a,:)].

It is possible to make a transformation from Cartesian coordinates to principal axes so

that these expressions take the simpler forms:

as= 1/3(a,+ a2+ a,)

2(a”*= (a , - a,)*+ (a2- a,)*+ (a3- aJ2.

For molecular vibrations, it is not the polarizabilities themselves that we are dealing

with, but rather the elements of the matrix of polarizability derivatives, (aa/dQ), usually

designated as a‘.

Placzek’s result for Raman scattering at right angles, in terms of these components

of the polarizability derivatives connecting a molecule initially in state m and finally in state IZ,

I = constant[(v + ~,,)~/v,,]X[N1,/1 - exp(-h~,,,/kt)]X[45(a’~)~ + 13(~l”)~]

where N is the number of molecules in state m, and I, is the incident intensity. The constants 45

and 13 arise from the orientational averaging process (see [6] for details) and are a consequence

of the experimental geometry. This yields the ratio of Stokes - to anti-Stokes - intensity

Is/Ias = [(v, - V,,)~/(V~ + v,, l4 IX exp(hv,,W,

which is verified experimentally at thermal equilibrium. These expressions assume that v, is far

from any electronic energy levels of the molecule.

What was done here so far [9] only gives us the terms in the expression for Raman

intensity. It does not say whether the key terms in this expression, the a’s, are non-zero for a

particular vibrational mode. In fact, this is very difficult to predict. But group-theory allows us

to predict whether these terms can be non-zero, using information about the symmetry of a

molecule or crystal. In each case, group-theory is used to predict whether a transition moment

integral can be non-zero. These integrals contain the product of three terms: the wave functions

for the ground- and excited-states, and the operator (in this case, the components of the

polarizability derivatives) that connects these two states. For a transition to be observed, the

product of these three terms must be totally symmetric; that is, it must leave the original

molecular symmetry unchanged.

One finds that, in molecules of high symmetry, both IR and Raman spectroscopy are

needed to observe the vibrational modes. Even with both techniques, there may still be some

vibrations that are totally forbidden. The best known selection rule for IR and Raman

spectroscopy is known as the “Rule of Mutual Exclusion”, which states that if a molecule has a

centre of symmetry, vibrations cannot be active in both IR and Raman spectroscopy. This rule

has often been applied in molecular structure investigations to determine whether a centre of

symmetry is present. In general, vibrations that do not distort the molecular symmetry,

“symmetric vibrations”, are intense in the Raman spectrum while those that maximize the

distortion are most intense in the IR spectrum. If the atoms involved in these vibrations are

highly polarizable (e.g., sulfur or iodine) then the Raman intensity is high. Some examples of

vibrational modes that are of importance in the Raman scattering of polymers, and their

frequency ranges, are shown in Table 1.

There are four main generalizations of the common observations about Raman spectral

intensities [9]:

1. Stretching vibrations associated with chemical bonds should be more intense than

deformation vibrations.

2. Multiple chemical bonds should give rise to intense stretching modes. For example, a Raman

band corresponding to a C=C (or CeC) vibration should be more intense than that from a C-C

vibration.

3. Bonds involving atoms of large atomic mass are expected to give rise to stretching vibrations

of high Raman intensity. The S-S linkages in proteins are good examples of this [lo].

4. Those Raman features arising from normal co-ordinates involving two in,phase bond-

stretching motions are more intense than those involving a 180” phase difference. Similarly, for

cyclic compounds, the in-phase “breathing” mode is usually the most intense.

Important advantages of Raman spectroscopy

1. The ”transparency” of water and glass: the very low Raman scattering of water (which is

important for living systems) and of glass make it suitable for dilute aqueous solutions of

substances as well as for hygroscopic materials, and permits the use of standard glass cuvettes

and capillaries.

2. Non-destructivity, and the absence of need of very sophisticated sample preparation.

Raman spectroscopy is equally suitable for the analysis of gases, liquids, fibres, single crystals,

surface features, etc. Intact measurements permit one to investigate the native molecular

structure in biopolymers, living and other systems. It permits studies of eye lenses, the end

processes of muscle contraction, components of living cells, and of ancient manuscripts and art

objects, etc. The crystallinity of polymeric materials and orientation effects in fibres, monitored

by FT-Raman spectra, could be very useful in technological control and in forensic science.

3. Symmetrical bonds such as C-C, C=C, CeC, N=N, 0-0, S-S, manifest themselves by giving

the most intensive bands in Raman spectra, and especially structures with the latter heavy

atoms, while they are inactive in the infrared. Among spectral methods Raman, is exceptional in

showing the structure of natural S-S cross-linkages in biomolecules, artificial ones in vulcanized

... Xll l

elastomers and some other systems (for example, the S-S bond was found in some types of

papers [ 1 11).

4. The spatial resolution is about one order of magnitude better than in IR, owing to the use of

the laser source in the UV-NIR range where the diffraction limits of microscopy are lower.

5. Wide spectral range. In the far- and middle-infrared ranges spectra are measured using

different optical elements while the Raman technique covers all this range of vibrational

frequencies using a single instrument.

6. In analytical studies of unknowns, Raman spectroscopy is very useful as a screening

method for choosing the best further sophisticated techniques, and for control of the

“sufficiency” and “adequacy” of received and synthesized information. This is especially

important when there are very limited amounts of substances such as linked polymeric complex

materials (paints, coatings, adhesives, sealants, etc.) when separation and isolation methods are

hardly applicable. Combined investigations using FT-Raman followed by FT-IR diamond-cell

microscopy frequently gives adequate results.

Parallel searching of Raman and infrared libraries of spectra of unknown substances

will first increase the reliability of “found” and “coincided” main components and, secondly,

permit one to enhance the “hit quality” of minor components revealed by the spectral

subtraction of components found by a complementary method. The value of Raman spectra in

such analyses comes not only from its complementarity but also from the sharpness of Raman

bands. Such widely used extenders and / or pigments as carbonates, silicates, or sulfates are

characterized by very broad infrared bands with overlapping wide spectral ranges, whilst their

Raman bands are narrow.

The polarization of IR and Raman lines of oriented molecules in organic and inorganic

single crystals was used successfully for the components of complex band assignment to

symmetrical species in these highly ordered systems, for unit-cell symmetry identification, and

for the low-temperature crystal phases determination along with the correlation field (Davidov)

splitting [6,12]. Such analyses of the polarized spectra of polymers have been rare, primarily

owing to the lack of highly oriented visually transparent specimens. Although it is well known

[ 131 that a single crystal morphology exists for polymers grown isothermally from solution, the

size of such structures is generally in the micrometer region, and is certainly inadequate for

routine polarized Raman scattering analyses. On the other hand, polymers isothermally

crystallized from the melt are semi-crystalline and often lack sufficient orientation to make

polarization measurements practical. Furthermore, many polymers, when melt-crystallized,

form organized domain structures, e.g., sphemlites, whose size is comparable to the wavelength

of visible light and which give rise to the milky appearance often observed in these semi-

crystalline materials. The multiple scattering in such samples scrambles the internal

polarization, thus rendering polarized Raman studies impossible. Recent improvements in

polymer-processing technology have, however, made available uni-axially oriented

monofilaments and yams that are highly oriented and give a significant improvement over the

stretched films used for previous studies. Hence, over the past decade, increasing numbers of

Raman studies of transparent uni-axially oriented filaments have appeared. For the case where

the unique symmetry axis (z) of a polymer was parallel to the direction of orientation in the uni-

axially oriented material, expressions have been presented relating the Raman scattering to the

type of symmetry [14]. On the basis of this model, the spectra were analyzed of isotactic

polypropylene [ 151, polyethylene [ 161, polytetrafluoroethylene [ 171, and an alternating

copolymer of ethylene and tetrafluoroethylene [18]. When the unique symmetry axis ( z ) is

perpendicular to the chain backbone, and thus perpendicular to the orientation direction, these

expressions are no longer valid. A new set of expressions has been derived for this case [ 191 and

the example of Raman-scattering spectral analysis for a uni-axially drawn filament of poly-

(vinylidenefluoride) was discussed. It seems that FT Raman studies of polarized spectra of

polymers are still very rare.

Main stages in the development of Fourier transform infrared

spectroscopy

FTIR spectrometer - optical correlometer

The central part of the FT-spectrometer is the Michelson interferometer [20-221 in

which one of the mirrors moves along the optical axis of the instrument, changing the optical

path difference between the two arms of the interferometer. This produces the recorded

autocorrelation function of the radiation entering the interferometer having the amplitude of the

electric field E(t). The semi-transparent beam-splitter layer divides the entering light flux into

two parts, and after passing through their individual optical paths these two beams meet and mix

with each other, with a relative time delay z. The photodetector registers the intensity averaged

over a time Q (Q is the time constant of the detection system):

I(t) = (p ~ / 2 ) < [E(t) + E(~-T)] > = (p u/2)[<E (t)> + < E (t-T)> t < 2E(t)E(t-~)>]

where p is the transmission, and u the throughput of the instrument. The value E(t) is a random

function because the light emission by atoms is a random process. If E(t) is a stationary random

function and Q is much less than the coherence time (as is usually the case), the following

equation is valid:

<E'(t)> = <E2(t-z)> = I ,

where I is the average value, constant over time, and

I ( T ) = <E(t)E(t-T)>

is the autocorrelation function, which is dependent on the delay ( -T) . In this case, the first

equation is replaced by a new one:

I(t) = p u[I, + I(T)].

On the basis of the Viner-Hinchin theorem the autocorrelation function of the stationary

random process is represented by the Fourier integral:

I(T) = I B' (a) exp(iDT)dD.

The inverse Fourier transformation gives:

B'@) = (1/2n)

I(z)exp (-iDT)d T . -00

For real E(t) the functions I (T) and B'(D) are even, and the previous equation transforms into:

B(D) = 2B'(a) = (]In) I@) cos (z, T) d~ , 0

where B(b) is the spectral density of the process E(t): in optics it simply means the

spectrum.

The Fourier spectrometer measures the interferogram, whose variable part is

proportional to the autocorrelation function of the studied radiation. The spectrum is obtained

by the Fourier transformation of that part. If L is the maximum path-difference between

interfering beams it means that the autocorrelation function is known in the interval from 0 to

T-. = L/c, which determines the resolution (the minimal resolved spectral interval Sf),

6f - l / ~ = c/L, where c is the velocity of light.

or, in wavenumbers, 6v- 1/L. It is seen that in contrast with classical spectrometers the

resolution, 6v, and resolving power of the Fourier spectrometer (R = v/6v) are not related to the

dimensions of any optical elements, but depend only on the maximal shift of the movable mirror

of the interferometer.

It took more than 50 years to reach the understanding that the interferogram is the

autocorrelation function of the incident in spectrometer radiation. The evolution of this

understanding went along with the development of the detectors of IR radiation and of

computational facilities for processing large masses of numerical data.

At the beginning of this century Rubens was closer than others to the realization of the

FTIR spectrometer during his studies on Maxwell-Gertz waves in the sub-millimetre

wavelength region. He observed the autocorrelation function using the “poor” scanning

Fabry-Perot interferometer during studies of the “reststrahlen band” of radiation reflected from

ionic crystals. As this radiation was quasi-monochromatic, the Fourier transformation was

unnecessary: just the summation of three to five sinusoidal signals was sufficient. To increase

the precision of wavelength determination, Rubens and Wood used a monochromatic reference

beam (emission from a sodium flame). The Rubens discovery was forgotten and even in 1947

Jacquinot had used the Fabry-Perot interferometer not as a spectrograph but as a spectrometer

with the photoelectric detector [23]. He understood that the diameter of the entrance aperture

should be consistent with the resolving power of the spectrometer. From simple considerations

it was clear that the best solid angle 62 should be determined from the equation, R62 = 2n. As the

solid angle is equal to 2 d R , the throughput of the interferometer is

u = 2n S / R ,

where S is the cross-section of the light-beam in the interferometer. The throughput for a grating

spectrometer is:

u :: pS/R,

where p is the angular height of the spectrometer slit. Consequently, at a fixed value of R the

interferometer’s gain in throughput, compared with a grating spectrometer with the same cross-

section, S, of the collimated light beam is equal to 274.3, i.e., near 200. This is the “Jacquinot

advantage”. The Jacquinot approach to the FTIR problem from the Fabry-Perot side had one

important consequence, showing that the Michelson interferometer is not unique in being useful

for optical correlometry, but there are many different types of devices which are acceptable.

Fellgett had found the “multiplex advantage” for FT-spectroscopy using the optical wedge in his

experiments [24]. Chantry et al. first performed by computer the Fourier transformation of an

interferogram registered on a lamellar interferometer [25].

The “Fellgett advantage” is the “multiplex advantage” (see later) related to the

simultaneous detection of all frequencies of the incident radiation. Let us assume that the FT-

spectrometer and grating spectrometer have the same resolution, that the studied spectral

interval is between v, and v2 and that it contains M spectral elements:

xvii M = (v, - v,) / 6v.

In the classical spectrometer the spectral elements are registered successively and T, is the time

needed for registration of one spectral element, so that the registration time of the total interval

(v2-v,) will be MT,.. In contrast with a grating spectrometer, the FT-spectrometer is registering

all the spectral information during the full time qs of the interferogram recording. If T,= T,

then the spectrum can be registered on the FT-spectrometer M times faster than on the grating

spectrometer. From the other side, if two spectrometers use the same time (nT, , for example)

then the FT spectrum will have a better signal-to-noise ratio as below:

(S/N),, / (S/N), = (MT, / Tfi ) ’I2 = M“?.

The gain of M”? in the signal-to-noise ratio is known as a “Fellgett gain” or “multiplex factor”.

This factor is really achievable if the computational system is able to process the full range of

data to receive the spectrum in the interval (v, - v,) without this being shortened. For example,

if the interval is 4000 cm-’ and the resolution 1 cm-l thus M = 4000. So, theoretically, the FT

spectrometer can register the spectrum in the interval from 0 to 4000 cm-’, with a resolution of 1

cm-l, 4000 times faster than a grating spectrometer at the same signal-to-noise ratio, or can give

a 63 times better S/N if the registration time is identical for the two spectrometers.

The dispersive spectrometers suffer from greater wavenumber errors, of a less

predictable form, owing to their general mechanical and thermal instability and can also be

affected by non-uniform illumination across the monochromator entrance slit [26]. FT-

spectrometers typically use a He-Ne laser as a reference beam to monitor the displacement of

the moving optical element, so providing an active internal absolute wavelength calibration

[27]. This feature of FT-spectrometers is known as the “Connes advantage” or gain. It is

especially important for high resolution FT-spectrometry, where the precision of the discrete

taking up of the interferogram values is of the level of 7A with the total number of counts 1O’O

[28]. In theory, all spectrometers can show an improved signal-to-noise ratio if the spectra are

averaged after spectral accumulation. However, this relies on the fact that the spectra can be

exactly superimposed. Any displacement error between spectra will cause the band shapes to be

distorted and the signal-to-noise ratio will consequently fail to improve. Interferometers have

the advantage that the frequency scale is generated from the He-Ne laser, whose wavelength is

invariant and very precisely known. This enables spectra to be superimposed exactly and added

together. The registration of an interferogram with a fixed precision is practically equivalent to

the production of a good-quality diffraction grating. In FT-spectroscopy this condition is

redoubled as any defect in spectrum is proportional to E - i.e. to the error in the optical path-

difference, but in case of real diffraction gratings it is proportional to €,,

The main advantage which allows Fourier spectroscopy to flourish was the fantastic

progress in computational techniques, such that the majority of problems of contemporary FT-

spectroscopy can be solved on the PC-type computers.

Fourier transform Raman spectroscopy

From the early days of FT-infrared spectroscopy's appearance in the 1950s, Fourier

transform Raman (FTR) spectroscopy became very attractive to many spectroscopists who

could see the advantages of FT interferometry. The theoretical analyses and the first

experimental attempts to realize FTR appeared after the pioneering successful work on the FT-

IR spectrometers [29-331. The progress in the FT-IR techniques, in lasers, NIR detectors, and

optical filters in the succeeding twenty years made FT-Raman spectroscopy a feasible, and

finally a very productive, method. The early experience in studies by IR-Raman spectroscopy of

narrow-gap semiconductors, which are opaque in the visible range, showed that the best source

for IR-Raman spectral excitation is the neodymium-doped yttrium aluminium garnet (Nd3':

YAG) solid-state continuous-wave laser, operating at 1.064 pm. Especially productive for this

application were the studies of the pressure-dependent phonon Raman spectra accompanied by

the gap-width variation with hydrostatic pressure [34-391.

There are several components in the FT-Raman experiment and each one

contributes to the overall sensitivity. The choice of laser will depend on the type of sample

being examined. Since the Raman scattering cross-section varies as v4, the wavelength of the

laser should be as short as possible, to increase the probability of Raman-scattered photons. If,

however, fluorescence is a problem, the only way to avoid this effect is to reduce the energy of

the incoming photons to a value below the threshold for the excitation of fluorescence. For ease

of detection, the laser should operate in a continuous-wave mode. It might be possible to

operate with a pulsed system, if the repetition rate is fast enough, but a continuous-wave system

will have higher integrated power and a simpler detection scheme. Given the constraint of a

fluorescing sample, the laser of choice is currently a Nd-YAG system. In the future, other lasers

operating near 900 nm may be used to take advantage of the v4 gain, while still avoiding the

fluorescence problem. For example, diode lasers have made big progress and are now available

with reasonable power levels (30-300 mW) at 785 and 830 nm. Tuneable excitation in the

region 670-1 100 nm can be obtained with the Ti sapphire laser. Pumped by a continuous-wave

argon ion laser, output conversions of 10-15% are readily obtained. There is a great deal of

interest in changing from Nd-YAG lasers to the diode-pumped versions which are coming onto

the market. The noise performance of these units is significantly better. Their small size makes

their incorporation into a laboratory spectrometer easier. The only limitation is their low power

(less than 1 W), although this limitation is changing almost daily. The parallel development of

red-extended CCD detectors, coupled with these lasers, has allowed the production of Raman

spectrometers with excellent fluorescence rejection and reasonable sensitivity.

FT-instruments show - under the conditions of Raman spectroscopy - a “multiplex

disadvantage”, since the statistical noise of the exciting radiation scattered onto the detector is

transformed to noise at all frequencies in the Raman spectrum. The Raman conversion

efficiency in the NIR spectral range, and differences in NEP (Noise Equivalent Power) at the

corresponding detectors, can be compensated as follows.

By increasing the power of the exciting laser. With Nd-YAG lasers this is possible

since almost all substances do not absorb at this frequency.

By changing the throughput of the spectrometer since the optical conductance of the

interferometer is at least one order of magnitude higher than that of a dispersive spectrometer.

By changing the sampling arrangements. Special care has to be taken to collect the

Raman radiation efficiently, especially for small samples. A special sample cell has been

developed which uses a spherical cuvette with the sample at the centre [40].

An efficient mechanism for rejection of the scattered laser-line radiation has to be

incorporated. The major new development in this area is the introduction of holographic filters.

These devices have the sharp cut-off characteristics of the multilayer dielectrics, but do not

exhibit a harmonic structure in the transmission curve. The transmission is high (SO-90%) and

featureless, as opposed to the dielectrics which have numerous features in the transmission

curve because of interference among the multiple layers. Two filters are sufficient to give

Rayleigh-line rejection, and spectral information down to 150 cm-’ can be obtained. Another

filter type is the Chevron unit [41] which has been shown by Nicolet, and possibly Bruker, to

give Raman data down to 60 cm“. Additionally, data can be obtained on both the Stokes and

anti-Stokes bands [42].

The choice of detectors now appears to have swung back to Ge. The use of a PIN Ge

detector operated at 77K and biased at 250V gives a slightly better performance than InGaAs

and increases the spectral range out to a 3500 cm-’ Raman shift. These detectors are, however,

sensitive to cosmic rays, and efforts must be made to ensure that these spikes do not

contaminate the interferogram [4 I ] ,

The Raman effect arises from a non-resonant scattering interaction and is quite weak.

Thus any resonant interaction, such as fluorescence, either from the sample of interest or from

impurities contained in the sample, can completely mask the Raman spectrum. In addition,

conventional Raman spectroscopy lacks the frequency-precision necessary for good spectral

subtractions. Finally, high- resolution experiments are difficult with conventional grating

instruments, since they become throughput-limited when the slit-width is reduced. These three

problems are now completely solved, except for the presence of background signals, especially

in relation to low frequency vibrations (less than 100 cm-I).

This book, being a collection of data from 500 polymers, has appeared mostly as a

result of the unique facilities of NIR excitation of Raman spectra with quanta lower than the

low-lying electron states of the materials or their impurities, thus avoiding luminescence of the

samples.

In the Appendix we give a list of references to the literature containing the data on

spectral interpretation and to spectral collections [43-611, mainly taken from J.P. Coates’

review article [43].

Characterization of samples

The present collection was made as a result of co-operative work over a long time with

colleagues from a large number of Institutes and companies from Russia and other countries.

It contains homopolymers from twenty principal classes (from straight-chain aliphatic

hydrocarbons to very complex biopolymers and elemento-organic polymers), their widely used

copolymers, widely used resins and blends, and about a hundred related compounds such as

extenders, pigments, plasticizers, emulsifiers, and hardeners. Most substances were measured as

received, without purification.

The diversity of chemical structures in the polymer chains is characterized by the

incorporation of eleven different chemical elements. Each polymer is identified by its chemical

name, Chemical Abstracts Service Registry Number, synonym or commercial (trade) name,

source, sample form (including the sample-preparation technique for IR measurements),

representative molecular structure, general formula, comments, filenames of individual

compounds’ spectra, and the entry numbers in our database.

Polymer classification

The present classification of the collection was founded on the principles accepted in

a monograph [56]. These principles seem to be a good compromise between the preferences of

classification on the basis of chemical classes accepted, for example, in the Sprouse collection

[57], and a computer-based classification by the chemical element constituents of the polymer

chain unit accepted in Hummel and Scholl's collection [58]. The latter is more suitable for

computer database organisation, but the former appears to be more convenient for the

observation of chemical-class spectral features and spectral changes with chemical structure

evolution.

According to the classification mentioned [56] all the polymers are divided into such

general groups as organic polymers (l), organo-element polymers (2) and inorganic polymers

(3). When dealing with analyses of real polymer materials we are inevitably concerned with

various additives, plasticizers and other compounds, whose spectra are included in our group of

related compounds (4). Because these categories have no sharp boundaries some simplifications

were accepted. For example, as a large number of polymers - and especially biopolymers -

contain the elements phosphorus and sulfur, all of the P- and S-, as well as the N- and 0-

containing polymers are referred to as organic polymers (in spite that, e.g. polyphosphazenes,

are usually referred to as being in the organo-element group). All other heteroatom-containing

organic polymers were referred to Group 2. Some minor components make it difficult to

differentiate between homopolymers and copolymers, or between mixtures and individual

compounds. For the sake of simplicity some rules have been accepted, as follows.

1. Features of a polymer main chain are considered prior to features of the side chains.

2. Minor components of molecular composition or monomer units in copolymers were not taken

into account if their content did not exceed a threshold of approximately 10%.

3. In cases of multiple features used for classification, the favourable one should be selected.

The more favourable are the more essential (functional) or rare features. An accepted sequence

of priorities is as follows:

Triple bonds > B > Si >> P > S > N > 0 (1.2.5 > 1.2.1 > 1.1.6) > unsaturated bonds

(1.1.2-double, aromatic) > halide substitutions > saturated (1.1.1).

These preferences are considered first for the main chain and then for side chains,

excepting those before the ">>" sign. The three left-side features occurring in the side chains

would be preferred over the right-side features occurring in the main chain.

First, the polymers are subdivided depending on the chemical element constituents of

the main chain. The degree of further subdivision was in correlation with the representative

nature of each class in the present collection.

Organic polymers were differentiated as homopolymers having a carbon main-chain

(1. l), heteroatom-containing main-chain homopolymers (1.2), their copolymers (1.3), and

widely used polymer blends and resins (1.4). Carbon-main-chain homopolymers were

subdivided, according to ref. [56], as saturated hydrocarbons (1.1, l), those having unsaturated

chains (1.1.2), and having other chemical features of the side chains up to eight subgroups (see

pages 23,24). Main-chain homopolymers containing a heteroatom ( 0, N, S, P) were subdivided

into four groups according to each element. We have also accepted the group of C- and 0-

containing cycles as a fifth group, including polyacetals and the outstanding class of

polysaccharides. As being most representative, the 0- (1.2.1) and N- (1.2.2) subgroups were

further subdivided into their main chemical classes (see page xxiv). Within the final subgroups

the aliphatic substances were ordered first, and then the aromatics: all were sequenced in order

of increasing number of C, H and other elements, alphabetically. The branch of copolymers

(1.3) was subdivided as a carbon-chain group (1.3.1), containing one heteroatom in the main

chain (1.3.2), and containing two heteroatoms in the main chain (1.3.3). There are no polymers

in the present collection which contain more heteroatoms in the main chain. Ordering into

subgroups was as mentioned above. The resins and mixtures (1.4) are differentiated as those

having natural origin (1.4.1) and synthetic products (1.4.2).

The organo-element general group (2) in the present collection was divided into Si-

containing polymers (2.1) and B-containing polymers (2.2).

The general group of inorganic polymers (3) was not represented here, and was filled

with some products of similar nature.

The total number of final subgroups in the present collection was limited to 29,

suitable for marking on the page's right-hand margin with class indexes to facilitate manual

searching in the book. To help searching for chemical class data, page xxiii with the polymer

classification guide, having an appropriately marked margin, is placed at the beginning of the

spectral data sheets, in addition to the alphabetical compound name and CAS number indexes at

the end of the book. All information included about each substance is created in the form of

electronic tables (databases) for computer searching by general formula and other types of

information and could be used together with spectral search systems.

I Polymer classification guide I

I I 1 1.1 Carbon main chain 1.2 I letermlom. niaiii chain I . ? Copolymers 1.4 Resins and mixtures 2.1 Si-containing polymers 1. I Plasticizers, emulsifiers ...

11. I . I Salurated chains I 11.1.2 Ilnralurated chains I I I I 1 I lalidc substitution.; I

l'olvamides

.2 Polyurethanes

7 4 S i n main chain I 2 5 ( ' & L O cycles

in l l l l i " c-hain

m I 1.1 Carbon main chains 1.4.1 I3ascd o n natural .2 B-containing polymers m- in main cliain of units ...

Table 1. Principal characteristic vibrational bands assignment for different polymer

Polymer

Frequency range

(cm-')

2 2950-2970

2920-2935

2860-2880

2840-2860

1450- 1470

720-770

1640-1648

1665-1 678

1630-1660

985-995,905-910

968-972

730-745

2080-2140

2 100-2200

2200-2270

480-660

500-700

530-800

1 150- 1290

550-890

-3400, -1650

-1735, -1380

- 1240

classes.

Relative intensity

Infrared Raman

s-m (s, i

at C=O)

s, m-w

4 ~~ ~

m-w (s, if

at C=C)

Tentative assignment

5 Aliphatic CH, asymmetric stretch

Aliphatic CH, asymmetric stretch

Aliphatic CH, symmetric stretch

Aliphatic CH,, CH3 bending

CH, bending

CH, rocking

C=C stretch in RHC=CH2

C=C stretch in truns- RHC=CHR'

C=C stretch in cis- RHC=CHR'

CH deformations in RHC=CH,

CH deformation in trans- RHC=CHR'

CH deformation in cis- RHC=CHR'

C=C stretch in RC=CH

C-H stretch in RC=CH

C=C stretch in RC=CR'

CzC stretch in RC=C-CaCR'

C - I stretch

C - Br stretch

C - C1 stretch

predominantly C-F stretch

oredominantlv C-F stretch

0-H stretch, deformation in vinyl alcohol

C=O stretch, CH, def. In CH,C(O)OR

C-0 stretch in CH,C(O)-OR

C-0 stretch in CH,C(O)O-R

1.2.1.1

1.2.1.2

1.2.2.1

2600-3100

-1710, -1250

-1560, -1410 -1730

-1250, -1160

800-900

1700-1720

1670- 1700

1650-1670

2240-2260

2230-2240

22 15-2235

-3350, -3200

-1660, -1625

1000- 1250

1580-1620

-1032, 1002, -760,

-1045, -745

-1002,645-765,

750-810, 810-900

620-645,810-850

830-940,1080-1150

1210-1290

845-900

1735- 1770

17 15-1740

1770-1785

-1780, -1860

1630- 1680

1530-1550

1220-1290

s (broad)

s, m-w S

s, m-s

w-0, m,

w-0, s

s, w S

m, m-w

w, m-s

m, m-s

m, vs,

vs, m,

w-0, w-0

m-s, w-0

w, m-s

0 - H stretch in H-bonded RC(0)O-H

C=O, C - 0 stretch in RC(=O)-OH

C-0 stretch asym. and sym. in RCOO'

C=O stretch in alkyl-0-C(0)-R

C-0 stretch in C-0-C

predominantly C-C stretch

ketone C=O stretch in alkyl-C(0)-alkyl

ketone C=O stretch in aryl-C(0)-alkyl

ketone C=O stretch in aryl-C(0)-aryl

4liphat. C=N st. in acrylonitrile and cyanoacrylate

C=N stretch in aryl-CaN

CaN stretch in C=C-C=N

N-H stretch in primary amides

amide I (C-0 str.+C-N str.), amide I1 (C-N str.+

NH bend.) in primary amides

C-0 stretch in vinylpyrrolidone

C=S stretch

predominantly C=C benzene ring stretch

mono-substituted benzene ring modes

ortho-disubstituted benzene ring modes

meta-disubstituted benzene ring modes

para-disubstituted benzene ring modes

1.3.5- derivatives

symmetric and asymmetric C-0-C stretch in

aliphatic ether

C - 0 stretch in aryl-OR

0-0 stretch

C=O stretch in aliphatic ester

C=O stretch in aryl-C(0)OR ester

C=O stretch in Ar-0-C(0)-0-Ar carbonates

C=O stretch in cyclic anhydride units

N-H stretch

C-0 stretch + C+N stretch (amide I)

C-N stretching + N-H bending (amide 11)

N-H bend + C-C str. + C=O bend. (amide 111)

1.2.2.2

1.2.2.3

1.2.2.4

(polynucl-

eotides)

example,

proteins)

3300-3350

2240-2270

1730-1690

15 15-1540

1790-1740

1690-1730

1360-1 390

1610- 1680

1550-1580

14 10- 1440

1200- 1230

1050-1100

2550-2600

500-545

620-730

470-5 10

1080-1 100

1120- 11 60

1300- 1340

1000- 1200 ~

1630-1680

1590-1620

1525-1550 (broad)

-1555 (sharp)

1230- 1290

1050- 1200

1032, 1002,624

900-1000

-830, -850

630-670, 700-730

5 10-540

o,o,o W

m-s, m-s

N-H stretch

stretching of O=C=NR

C=O stretch

C+N stretching + N-H bending (amide 11)

C=O symmetric stretch

C=O asymmetric stretch

predominantly C-N stretch

C=N stretch

N=N stretch (aliphatic substituent)

N=N stretch (aromatic substituent)

P+O asym. stretch in RO-P(-0,)'-OR'

P-0 sym. stretch in RO-P(-O,)'-OR'

P -0 stretch in -C-0-P(+O,)-0-C- (A-form)

P-0 stretch in -C-0-P(+O,)--0-C- (B-form)

S-H stretch

S-S stretch in alkyl-S-S-alkyl

C-S stretch in alkyl-S-S-alkyl or alkyl-S-alkyl

S-S stretch in aryl-S-S-aryl

C-S stretch aryl-S-aryl

S=O stretch symmetric in aryl-SO,-aryl

S=O stretch asymmetric in awl-SO,-awl

0-H stretch

C-0 stretch in -C-0-C-. -C-OH

amide A

amide B

amide I

Tyr, Phe

amide I1

amide I11

Tyr, Phe

predominantly C-N stretch

predominantly C-C stretch

Tyr (1830/1850 -indicative of H-bonding, ionization)

C-S stretch

S-S stretch

S m-s 2100-2220

1000-1100 S 0

2.1 450-550 0 S

1255-1265 S W

2.2 2500-2600 S S

Si-H stretch

Si-0-Si asymmetric stretch

Si-0-Si symmetric stretch

Si-CH3 deformation B-H stretch in R-BloHlo-R'

Experimental conditions

Raman spectra were measured on a Bruker spectrometer, IFS 66, coupled with a

Raman Accessory FRA 106. The light-scattering was excited using a low-noise diode-pumped

advanced-technology Nd-YAG laser (ADLAS) at 1064 nm: the illumination power on a sample

was not more than 200 mW. A special (enhanced) liquid-nitrogen-cooled germanium detector

was used. The collection geometry of scattered light was 1800. Double sided interferograms

were acquired in both directions of the moving mirror. All spectra were obtained with a

resolution not higher than 4 cm-' (4P-apodisation) after more than 2000 scans (one hour) for a

high signal-to-noise ratio, stored in the range 100-3500 cm'l , and corrected for the instrument

response. Most spectra are presented after fluorescence-background correction using an

interactive baseline linearization routine program. The higher level noise in the range of

2000-2500 cm-' in some spectra having a high fluorescence background may appear as a result

of NIR water vapour absorption, and some features of the instrumental response.

Raman measurements needed no sample preparation or only minor preparation, such

as by pressing of solids into a conic hollow at the flat edge of aluminium cylinder (as well as a

node of a few fibres) or by making a multilayer package of films on a mirror surface to increase

the scattering intensity. Liquid samples were measured using a special quartz cell with a mirror-

FT-IR spectra were measured mainly on a Bruker IFS 45 spectrometer coupled with

an IR-microscope (15-x Cassegranian objective, knife-edge apertures, MCT-detector) or on an

IFS 66 spectrometer at a resolution 4 cm-l (4P-apodisation) after acquisition of 50-100 scans.

Spectra were stored in the range 600-4000 cm-' when using the MCT-detector, or 400-4000

cm" with the DTGS-detector. IR spectra are presented after baseline linearization.

xxviii

All spectra were converted to the JCAMP format using the Bruker ATS-JCAMP-DX

(4.24) conversion program (Version 1.3). Data transfer to a personal computer was initialized by

the Bruker-Kermit program.

All accessories and materials for pressing KBr tablets were from Specac (England)

and Carl Zeiss (Germany). Hygroscopic materials were processed under an IR lamp. The

thermostatic press for polymer films was also from Specac. The diamond-anvil optical cell (type

IIA diamonds) from High Pressure Diamond Optics, Inc. (Tucson, Arizona, USA) was used.

The microtome with accessories were from Tesla (former CSSR).

Most substances were measured as received, without purification. Sample preparation

for IR-spectra was dependent on the physical form of the initial sample and its chemical

properties. Viscous liquids were commonly pressed between salt windows (KBr or KRS-5). A

few thermoplastic polymers were pressed from their melt. Some fibres, elastomers and other

solids were prepared as cast films from different solvents, but this procedure required control

for the elimination of residual solvents. For this reason, the following procedure was frequently

used as being preferable, with no need of diluents which may lead to contamination. The

samples were slightly squeezed to flatten them, using a diamond-anvil optical cell adjusted to be

slightly out of parallel. Polymer films deposited on the single diamond window were measured

under the IR-microscope, isolating by an aperture the areas with optimal thickness and using a

diamond window as reference. Many samples such as fibres, thick films, or powders are

suitable for this preparation technique. Some drawbacks of this technique are connected with IR

absorption by the diamond windows. However the windows used are thin enough to be properly

transparent in the whole range (see their spectra on page 415). Moreover, they are of the IIA

type, known to have no nitrogen defects and hence to be absorption-free below 1400 cm-' , and

only the 2000-2500 cm-' range is slightly obscured.

Some elastomer samples were measured using an ATR variable-angle accessory or

micro-ATR 4-times beam condenser accessory (both from Specac) with a KRS-5 45' element.

The resulting spectra were intensity-corrected for the wavelength dependence of the depth of

penetration.

The sample thickness for IR measurements was arranged so that the maximum

absorbance in most spectra was about 0.8-1.2 and did not exceed a threshold of 2.0.

Comments on data presentation

All data for each substance are presented as information tables, with IR and Raman

spectra confined in the same frame and, when available, the chemical structure drawing

inserted. The Tables contain the following ten items:

Compound name is used as commonly published in the literature (not necessarily the IUPAC

name).

Synonym or TM item includes the trade name of a sample, or another name

Source. The source names were inserted from the database as they were registered at a moment

of receiving the sample. However, the names of some enterprises changed during the period of

reformation in the former USSR area, and the data presented were updated as far as possible.

Commonly used abbreviations for different types of corporations and their names are presented

as direct transcriptions. Names in English of different institutes are presented as given on their

letterheads or business cards of colleagues.

General forinula represents the number of each element in homopolymer units and in

copolymer units, separated by a hyphen. The sequence of elements is conventional -

alphabetical, but starting with “C” and “H”.

Sample form represents the initial physical form of a sample: that is the state in which the

Raman spectrum was recorded (since it was not changed). The sample-form for registration of

the IR spectrum is presented after the signs “/ IR’. More detailed information on sample

preparation for IR measurements is presented in the Experimental part.

CAS numbers are given when they were available.

Number ofentry. This item is connected with the identification (chronological) number of the

spectrum in the user-created library of the Bruker IR-search program, modified for working

with Raman spectra. This also serves as a chronological number in the original information

database (using “Microsoft Office”)

Class indexes are serving numerals associated with the chemical class identification numbers

(shown in the Classification Guide - page xxiii). Since some of the substances could be referred

to more than one class, a few indexes indicated by ‘‘1’ are presented in order of the preferred

sequence described in the Polymer Classification part. These indexes could be used for

searching and isolation of a sought class (extended by having “recessive features” as secondary

indexes).

Filename is the individual name of each substance in the collection. Replacement of the first

two digits (representing the number of a definite class in the accepted sequence) by “IR’ means

the filename of the original IR spectrum, and by “RP”, the filename of the original Raman

spectrum.

Comments supply any additional information about a substance. The comment “laboratory

sample” means that the sample is experimental and produced mainly for use in the laboratory.

A comment, “standard material” means that a sample is industrial or commercial and when

available is supplied by numbers of standard documentation. Common abbreviations of standard

documentation are presented as direct transcription. “GOST” means “state standard”, “OST” is

a standard accepted for any branch of industry, “TU” is for “technological conditions”, etc.

Chemical structure drawings are representative of the main units: those which are

involved in linkages and end-group structures are not shown. In some cases, when they strongly

influence the spectra (for low-molecular-weight substances, or are highly linked) they are shown in

drawings (sometimes as dashed) or described in Comments. Moreover, if a linking process is

accompanied by substantial conversion of the main-chain backbone (as in polydiacetylenes) and

the initial structures contribute very slightly to the spectrum, the final structures are represented.

There was no intention to represent the spatial configurations of the molecular structures (despite

some cycles, for example in polysaccharides, looking like it).

Infrared and Raman spectra, both scaled to the most intensive bands, are presented as

stack-plots in the region 4000-100 cm-’. The absorbance scale is more suitable for comparison of

relative band intensities in the IR and Raman spectra. On the other hand, in most IR atlases the

spectra are presented using the transmittance scale: this includes the only atlas of combined IR and

Raman spectra [59] which uses the central part of the page, between the spectra, for chemical

structure representation. Thus the conventional transmittance scale was chosen as it is more

suitable for rational distribution of information in the combined figure and for an easier comparison

by the reader of presented IR spectra with other well-known reference collections.

References

1 L. Brillouin, Ann. Phys. (Paris), 17 (1922) 88.

2 A. Smekal, Nutunuissenschuften, 11 (1923) 873.

3 H.A. Kramers and W. Heisenberg, 2. Phys., 3 1 (1925) 681.

4 C.V. Raman, K.S. Krishnan, Nature (London), 121 (1928) 501.

5 G. Landsberg and L. Mandelstam, Nutunuissenschuften, 16 (1928) 557.

6 D.A. Long, Raman Spectroscopy, McGraw-Hill, London, 1977.

7 J.F. Rabolt, in J.G. Grasselli and B.J. Bulkin (Editors), Chemical Analysis: A Series of

Monographs on Analytical Chemistry and Its Applications, Vol. 114, Wiley, New York, 1991,

p.123.

8 G. Placzek, in E. Marx (Editor), Handbuch der Radiologie, Vol. 6, Akademie-Verlag, Leipzig,

1934, p. 205.

9 B.J. Bulkin, in J.G. Grasselli and B.J. Bulkin (Editors), Chemical Analysis: A Series of

Monographs on Analytical Chemistiy and Its Applications, Vol. 114, Wiley, New York, 1991, p.

10 A.H. Kuptsov and V.I. Trofimov, J. Biomol. Struct. Dynamics, 3 (1985) 185.

1 1 A.H. Kuptsov, Vibrational Spectroscopy, 7 (1 994) 185.

12 G.N. Zhizhin and E.I. Mukhtarov, in J.R. Durig (Editor), Optical Spectra and Lattice Dynamics

of Molecular Crystals, Vol. 21, Elsevier, 1995.

13 B. Wunderlich, Macromolecular Physics, Vols. 1-3. Academic Press, New York, 1973.

14 R.G. Snyder,J. Mol. Spectrosc., 37 (1971) 353.

15 R.T. Bailey, A.J. Hyde and J.J. Kim, Spectrochim. Acta, 30A (1974) 91.

16 R.T. Bailey, A.J. Hyde, J.J. Kim and J. McLeish, Spectrochim. Acta, 33A (1977) 1053.

17 J.F. Rabolt and B. Fanconi, Macromolecules, 11 (1978) 740.

18 K. Zabel, N.E. Schlotter and J.F. Rabolt, Macromolecules, 16 (1983) 446.

19 N.E. Schlotter and J.F. Rabolt, Polymer, 25 (1984) 165.

20 D.B. Chase and J.F. Rabolt (Editors), Fourier Transform Raman Spectroscopy From Concept to

Experiment, Academic Press, New York, 1994.

21 R.J. Bell, Introductory Fourier Transform Spectroscopy, Academic Press, New York, 1972.

22 G.N. Zhizhin (Editor), High Resolution Infrared Spectroscopy, Mir, Moscow, 1972 (in

Russian).

23 P. Jacquinot and J.C. Dufour, J. Rech. CNRS, 6 (1948

24 P. Fellgett, J. Phys. Radium, 19 (1958) 187.

25 G.W. Chantry, H.A. Gebbie and C. Hilsum, Nature (London), 203 (1964) 1052.

26 A. Crookell, P.J. Hendra, H.M. Mould and A.J. Turner, J. Raman Spectrosc., 21 (1990) 85.

27 J. Connes and P. Connes, J. Opt. SOC. Am., 56 (1966) 896.

28 J. Connes, H. Deluis, P. Connes, G. Guelachvili, J.-P. Maillard, and G. Michel, Nouv. Rev,

d’optique, 1 (1970) 3.

29 G.N. Zhizhin and M.N. Popova, J. Appl. Spectrosc. 32 (1980): Translation of Zh, Prikl.

Spectrosc., 32 (1980) 11 10.

30 D.B. Chase and T. Hirschfeld, Appl. Spectrosc., 40 (1986) 133.

31 D.B. Chase,J. Am. Chem. SOC., 108 (1986) 7485.

32 V.M. Hallmark, C.G. Zimba, J.D. Swalen and J.F. Rabolt, Spectroscopy, 2 (1987) 40.

33 D.E. Jennings, A. Weber and J.W. Brault, Appl. Opt., 25 (1986) 284.

34 A. Mooradian and G.B. Wright, Solid State. Commun., 4 (1960) 43 1.

35 R. Zallen, M.L. Slade and A.T. Ward, Phys. Rev. B, 3 (1971) 4257.

36 R. Zallen and, M.L. Slade, Phys. Rev. B, 9 (1974) 1627.

37 R. Zallen, Phys. Rev. B, 9 (1974) 4485.

38 E.A. Vinogradov, G.N. Zhizhin, N.N. Melnik, S.I. Subbotin, et al., Phys. Stat. Solidi (B), 99

(1980) 215.

39 A. Polian, J.C. Chervin and J.M. Besson, Phys. Rev. B, 22 (1980) 3049.

40 B. Schrader and A. Simon, Proceedings of the 6th FTS Conference, August 24-28, 1987,

Vienna, Mikrochimica Acta, I1 (1988) 227.

41 D.B. Chase, in J.G. Grasselli and B.J. Bulkin (Editors), Chemical Analysis: A Series of

Monographs on Analytical Chemistry and Its Applications, Vol. 114, Wiley, New York, 1991, p.

42 J.G. Radziszewski and J. Michel, Appl. Spectrosc., 414 (1990) 44.

Appendix

43 J.P. Coates, Appl. Spectuosc. Rev., 3 1 (1 996) 179.

Spectral interpretation literature

44 R.M. Silverstein, G.C. Bassler and T.C. Morril, Spectrometric Identi9cation of Organic

Compounds, Wiley, New York, 1980.

45 P.C. Painter, M.M. Coleman and J.L. Koenig, Theory of Vibrational Spectroscopy and its

Application to Polymeric Materials, Wiley, New York, 1982.

46 H. Ishida (Editor) Fourier Transform Infrared Characterization of Polymers, Plenum, New

York, 1987.

47 D.I. Bower and W.F. Maddams The Vibrational Spectroscopy of Polymers, Cambridge

University Press, Cambridge, 1989.

48 N.B. Colthup, L.H. Daly and S.E. Wiberley, Introduction to Infrared and Raman Spectroscopy,

3rd edn., Academic Press, San Diego, 1990.

xxxiii

49 W.J. Griddle and G.P. Ellis, Spectral and Chemical Characterization of Organic Compounds: A

Laboratory Handbook, Wiley, New York, 1990.

50 D. Lin-Vien, N.B. Colthup, W.G. Fateley and J.G. Grasselli, Infrared and Raman Characteristic

Group Frequencies, Academic Press, San Diego, 1991.

51 P. Hendra, C. Jones and G. Warnes, Fourier Transform Raman Spectroscopy. Instrumentation

and Chemical Applications, Ellis Horwood, Chichester, 199 1.

52 G. Socrates, Infrared Characteristic Group Frequencies, 2nd edn., Wiley, New York, 1994.

53 N.P.G. Roeges, A Guide to the Complete Interpretation of Infrared Spectra of Organic

Structures, Wiley, New York, 1994.

54 A.H. Fawcett (Editor), Polymer Spectroscopy, Wiley, New York, 1996.

55 A.H. Kuptsov, J. Forensic Sci., 39 (1994) 305.

56 A.A. Tager, Physics and Chemistry of Polymers, 2nd edn., Khimia, Moscow (1968) (in

Russian).

Spectral collections

57 Sprouse Collection of Infrared Spectra: Book I, Polymers, Sprouse Scientific Systems,

Charlotte, NC, 1987.

58 D.O. Hummel and F.K. Scholl, Atlas of Polymer and Plastics Analysis, Vols. 1-3, Verlag

Chemie, Weinheim, 198 1.

59 B. Schrader, Raman /Infrared Atlas of Organic Compounds, 2nd edn, VCH, Weinheim and

New York, 1989.

60 Infrared Spectra Atlas of Polymer Additives, Vols. 1-3, Sadtler Research Laboratories (Division

of Bio-Rad), Philadelphia, PA ,1987.

61 K.E. Sterin, V.T. Aleksanian and G.N. Zhizhin, Raman Spectra of Hydrocarbons: A Data

Handbook, Franklin, 1980.

62 J.D. Dillon, Infrared Spectroscopy Atlas of Polyurethanes, Technomic, 1989.

Acknowledgements

The authors are very grateful to Bruker Analytische Messtechnik GmbH and personally

to Dr J. Gast, Dr H. Somberg, Drs Uve and Barbara Eichoff for their kind attention, valuable

reviews of spectra quality and presentation of informational data. In particular, the authors are

grateful to Prof. Dr-Ing B. Schrader (Essen University) for inspiration of this work.

We are very grateful to Dr. B.G. Marshalko (Russian Federal Centre of Forensic Science)

for valuable help with data transfer from the Bruker spectrometer to a personal computer and for

further transformation of the data.

We also appreciate the help with information, substances and reviews from G.S.

Bezhanishvili, T.B. Chertkova, E.A. Kapitanova, L.O. Leontieva, I.Ya. Olkhova, and E.A.

Trossman, the members of the Russian Federal Centre of Forensic Science. Our thanks are

expressed to the following suppliers of polymer samples: B.G. Belenkaya, G.N. Gerasimov, G.V.

Kapustin, D.V. Pebalk, E.L. Popova (Karpov Institute of Physical Chemistry, Moscow, Russia),

E.G. Bulytcheva, R.A. Dvorikova, S. Evsiukov, T.I. Guseva, LA. Khotina, K.A. Mager, V.I.

Nedelkin, 1.1. Ponomarev, D.R. Tur (Nesmeyanov Institute of Organo-Element Compounds,

Academy of Sciences, RF, Moscow), L.M. Bolotina, N.N. Molotkova, V.K. Ninin, V.P.

Pshenitsyna, L.A. Slesareva (”0 “Plastmass”), I.V. Ikonitsky (S.V. Lebedev Central Research

Institute (VNII) of Synthetic Rubber, St. Petersburg, Russia), I.P. Kotova and G.S. Kupreeva

(NIIRP-Institute for Industry of Rubber); L.P. Semenova (Institute of Tyre Rubber); A.A.

Goncharov and A.M. Surin (”0 “Biotechnology”); I.D. Kuleshova (State Research and Design

Institute for Paint and Varnish Industry, NPO “Spectr”); D.A. Sukhov (S.-P. Technological

Institute of Pulp and Paper Industry); A.L. Kotiukova and T. Medvedeva (Mendeleev Institute of

Chemistry and Technology, Moscow, Russia); V.I. Donskikh (Central Institute of Railways,

Moscow); V. Demidov (Institute of Molecular Genetics, Academy of Sciences RF, Moscow); 0.1.

Mikhalev and L.V. Vladimirov (Semenov Institute of Chemical Physics, Academy of Sciences W,

Moscow); Dr. Masatoshi Hasegava, Toho University, Japan, and Dr. Rikio Yokota, Research

Centre for Advanced Science and Technology, Tokyo University, Japan.

ii ii X

I /I I

6 II I

"-7 I I- 1 i !

i li ib

00 c9 0

r I li

I 0-0-0

:: 8 N

m :: 0

SKDRUB.DX Compound name

cis-poly(butadicnc)

Source 60 1

Ccntral Institute of Tyre Industries Ministry, Moscow, Russia T y ] General formula 40

IC4H6 7 L i Sample form yellow \olid plate/IR ca\t film trom toluene i

CAS number

Number of entry

Class index

Comments

1[9003- 17-21 7 1165 -1 11.1.2

0.8 ~.

75, development of Lebedcv institute of synthetic rubber, St Petersburg

J 4M)O 3600 3200 2800 2400 800 600 4M) 200

wavenumber (cm ')

IN P - I

SK131N.DX Compound name

poly(isoprcne) ~-

I Synonym or TM-

lrow rubbcr SKI-3

Ministry, Moscow, Russia 1 General formula

Sample form -

from CHCI3

CAS number

Number of entry

Class index

Comments

\tanddrd matcridl GOST 14925- 79 raw blend before vulcanuation

1")003-31-0_- 7 116 -~ I IT;<-- - - ~- - I

C-CH3 I !H2 0.8

200 4030 3600 3200 2800 2400 2MN) 800 MM 400

wavenumber (crn ')

I* I1 I

IN P I

8 m 8 N 8 0

3 w 5 8 0

I - cv

- s g m 8 N

Ei $ 0

2 a f L I

8 - 3 8

m 8 N N

8 $4 0

0 :: 54 0

Compound name

jpoly(palnnylylenL) XLN224.DX

SO= Union Carbide, USA

General formula

Sample form colourless film/ IR: diamond squeued film

- -CHZ --

[ +H*-],

CAS number J

!24- :lass index

:omments 1 1 2 ~~ -3

,tandard matenal -1

I a.u.

I 1600 4MM 3600 3200 2800 2400 1400 1200 1000 800 600 4m 200

N cn wavenumber (cm ’)

I I' I

3- cu 2 a n

I'---l-

Y - - c

2 c9 0

FTRRUB.DX [poundname ~

vinylidenefluoride copolymer

Synonym or TM

I --- General formula C2H2F2-C3F6

I I Sample form

from CCLA

CAS number 7 1 Number of entry 124 Class index

Comments standard material GOST

11.1.3 I

4000 3 m 3200 2800 2400 2000 1800 1600 1400 1200 1 000 m 600 400 200

wavenumber (cm ')

! d a z E

3 ‘1

R t3 h 0

i i 1 i

I- s 1 ji SI

I I I"

II 0- 0

i I- 0 I I .

8 I I .

--i .i’

2 c9 0

Q. - F

m' 8 N

POLVNL.DX Compound name

___--_ -J Synonym or TM

S!"rce- - - ~ - -

All-Russian Re\earch Institute of Synthetic Fibcrs (VNIIV) , Tver, Russia

Iv\ i: 60

I General formula

Samole form 20

CAS number

kGj2-89-5_1:1 Number of entrv

Jn I---- - - - 1 Lj------A Class index

Comments

acetal modified material, watcr in\olublc

E12-z: 11- -- 1 -

4030 3600 3200 2800 24M) 2000 1800 1600 1400 1200 1 mo

wovenumber (cm '1

1111,.

0-0-0-0 !. 0

0-0-0-0

8 co N

4 z a a z

I I 0 1, I

2 c9 0

I .- .A

6 ” t n

PACRNT.DX Compound name

(acrylonitri le-methylmcthacrylate) copolymer

- T--->

80 I d Synonym or TM

7 -1 60

Kalinin, Russia

,General formula

C3H3N-C5H80

20 Sample form

[[25014-41-9] J

bc- -7 r- ---I

Number of entry

Class index

qtandard material, GOST 13232- Comments 79. content or MMA units about

4M)O 3603 3200 2800 2400 2000 18M) 1600 1400 1 zoo

wavenumber (crn '1

1000 8GU 600 400

-1 I, II

I i I- Y a

CL 8 z

-------

114 "'-

PEG239.DX Compound name

Synonym or TM PEG 400

I I Source

General formula

Sample form colourless liquid IR: KRS-5 cell 1 CAS number b25322-68-31 Number of entry

1239 Class index

Comments 11.2.1 . I . I

I, a.u.

3m 3200 2800 2400 1402 1200 1000 400 2000 1 (

wavenumber (cm”)

2 s Y a 0

IF-----

Y kl n 0

x -8 2

Compound name

polyphenylene

Source

Element Compounds Acad. Sci. RF, Moscow

General formula

C24H 160

Sample form

CAS number I I

11.2.1.1

Ar-CO-CH=C(CH3)-Ar end groups, n - 5 - 8

FLN434.DX

m 3600 3200 2800 2400 2000 1800 1600 1400 1202 1000 800 600 400 m

wavenumber (cm '1 c W w

m 8 :: 8 N

8 w m w 8

I. - 2

2 m t LL f

cu c9 0

140 L s

Ic: I I

m :: 8 8

3 8 N 0

A- I I P U-0

i 5- I v

i i 5 i

f 2 cn J

--T----

-4 cu x

co c a

s t s a

i i \ i i I

8 cu 0

i 1:: X

8 'I 0

:: 8 x

i? E N

HZR252.DX Compound name

~~~~ --I -~~ - - Synonym -~ or TM

Mendelcev Institute ot Chemistry and Technology, Mo\cow, Russia %T

~- General formula

- - -_ - -

Sample form bnght yellow solid film/lR ca\t r tilm - -1

i - ----,

CAS number - I - - - - I

I-_- - Number of entry

Class index

Comments laboratory sample

1252 - - - ---I - - ~

11212--- 1 - - ~ ~

4000 3630 3200 2800 2400 2000 1800 1600 1400 1200 1M)o 800 600 400 200

wovenumber (cm ’)

168 I 2

:: 8 N w 8

FR1042.DX

-i\ T Compound name

80 1 Synonym or TM Macrolon

I I Source 60

General formula C 16H 1403

I 1 Sample form colourless granule/ IR: cast film from DMFA

L l CAS number 1[24936-68-31 Number of entry .~

1139 Class index

Comments 11.2.1.2

(standard material, opticd organic glass 0.6

4000 3200 21 1000 800 600 400 200 2000 1800 1600 1400 1200 I 2400

wavenurnber (ern.')

2 c9 0

s s z W

O-7 @ 2

I - -I

I I -I

z w 8 (u

m :: w

8 2--I I I

T I i 0

'-i. I

\ I I i

2F====-

:: 8 8 5 0

; 5 v z 83

192 /--

x -B 2

w 8 c1 8

U RT553. DX h, 0 P

Compound name

(oxypropyleneglycol) copolymer K 80

Synonym or TM

Synthetic rubber SKU-DF2 - 60 Source

Acad. Sci. RF, Perm, Russia

General formula

Sample form 20

CAS number

Number of entry 1553 Class index 0.8

- 11.2.2.2 Comments

/- hl 0.2

r ______

2000 1800 4 m 3600 3200 2800 1600 1400 1200 800 600 400

wovenumber (cm ')

I- a 3

VITUR.DX

N 0 Q\

Compound name

poly(urethan) '2

:i; I I

Ivanovo, Russia

60 - ,General formula , 40

I I Sample form elastic granules/ 1R: cast film from

CAS number I I

(810-85, thermoplastic polymer. 0.6

0.4 1 L 0.2

1600 4ooo 3600 3200 2800 2000 18 1400 1200 800 600

wavenumber (cm ')

IMD453.DX Compound name

polyirmde based on 3,3',4,4- pyromelhtic dianhydnde and 5- bromide-phenylene- 1,3-d1amrnc

80 - 1

Nesmeyanov lnst Organo- rp Element Comp Acad Sci ~- , 1 %T

General formula 40

20 r16H5BrN2W -~ ~

Sample form orange-brown powder/ 1R diamond squeezed film 7 CAS number

b3- --I ~~ __ 7 (1 2 2 3

Number of entry

Class index

Comments

c A L 0.2

\ *-A 2Mx) 1e

40m 3600 3200 2803 2400 1600 1400 1200 1 om 800 6M) 4M)

N 0 4 wavenumber (cm ')

I 8 9 %

co 0 a

IMD499.DX Compound name

naphthalenetetracarboxylic dianhydride and di(hydroxypheny1)-methane-

diamine ..--J

1 i 80

source^^^^

Element Compounds Acad. Sci. RF, Moscow

General formula ~

p7zzzF I I Sample form 20

0 II " 0

I GAS number

Number of entry

Class index 11.2.2.3

r y-1 1499 .______- ______ --I

Comments

L a.u. i 0.4 L 0.2

3600 800 bM) 400 1400 1200 lo00 2MM 1800 4000 3200 2800 2400

wavenumber (cm ')

PLIMD3.DX Compound name

Ipolyimide based on 3,3',4,4'- benzophenonetetracarboxylic dianhydride and 4,4'- diaminotriphenylamine

8o I "

1 Source

6o I I

Chemistry, Moscow, Russia

!a?& 200

General formula C35H 19N305

Sample form

squeezed film 0 u

CAS number

Number of entry = _I.- I lL1 I I Class index 11.2.2.3 Comments

I 0.6 ~

/laboratory sample

3600 4000 3200 2800 2400 2000 18 1600 1400 1200

wavenumber (cm")

1000 800 600 400

r -I a

7 I ! I I

228 c 11

0-0, ,o-0

z I1 II 0

232 v- c

238 I\ I

I 0 I -

!! 'i Ir

NIZ483.DX h, P 0

Compound name

poly(naphthoylencbenzimidazolc)

I ___.I 60

Element Compounds Acad. Sci. RF, Moscow 40

General formula

squeezed film

CAS number 77 I I Number of entry

Class index

Comments

1483 ______ --3 [ 1.2.2.4 --I

J - ___-

2000 1 3 m 3200 2800 2400 1600 200 1400 1200 1000 800 600

wavenumber (cm 9

8 h! 0

2 Y a a 0

r-----

250 r-----lr--

2 a 3 2

................. .t

................ : .

w 8 H 8

PSR208.DX Compound name

polysulphide rubber

is"-"- w 'I 80 I I Synonym or TM

I Source

Institute, Russia

CAS number - 20 I r

Number of entry 1208 Class index 11.2.4 Comments lstandard material, sealant, sulphur

icontent 38-40%

2000 1800 1600

- d 200 4000 3600 3200 2800 2400 1400 1200 800 600 400

wavenumber (mi')

256 i-;-

w 8 3 0

z 8 :: N

8 !4 0 0

AFS492.DX Compound name

I I 60

%T Element Compounds Acad. Sci. RF, Moscow 40

squeezed film

CAS number J”

Comments

disulfide units 0.6

J 1.1 0.2

p’ 1600 1 000 200 4 m 3603 3200 2800 2400 2000 18 1400 1200 800 600

wavenumber (cm ‘1

5 v G Q

v 6 z Q

+ 0 @ o=L!I-o I

8 co 8

I 0-In

I======-

0-In-0 Q

w B 3 2

‘4 0

0 x .-

z a a a n :

2 c9 0

w 8 N w 0

m :: 8 8

s Y a 0

ABC202.DX N W Q\ Compound name

acetate-butyrate cellulose

Synonym or TM

Paint &Varnish Industry, Moscow, RF

40 I General formula

C16H2408 Sample form lwhite powder/ IR: diamond 1

C14H2008-Cl8H2808-

squeezed film

CAS number 1[9004-36-8] Number of entry

Class index I 1 * c I

0.8 PH2

11 .L.J 1 Comments /standard material, component for I automobile paint coatings. Structure and general formulae represent some of statistical units

0.4 /\JfldLL 1 I‘;

1000 800 600 400 200 1800 1600 1400 1200 3600 3200 2800 2400 2000 4000

wavenurnber (mi‘)

Compound name

poly(viny1 butyral) - -~

1 source- -

ONPO Plastpolymer, St Pctersburg, Russia

L- -~ - - 2

General formula

1402 1 l------J Sample form white powder/ IR: diamond squeezed ti I m 1 r Number of entry

Class index 1 2 i i -

1F5--p -1

4 wavenurnber (cm ')

2 c9 0

Compound name

poly(viny1 butyral) - -~

1 source- -

ONPO Plastpolymer, St Pctersburg, Russia

L- -~ - - 2

General formula

1402 1 l------J Sample form white powder/ IR: diamond squeezed ti I m 1 r Number of entry

Class index 1 2 i i -

1F5--p -1

4 wavenurnber (cm ')

I ---J8

@. h! 0

'I I '%

3 14 2.

Compound name

'(methylmethacrylate-styrene- 1 lacry lonitrile) copolymer

C5H802-CSH8-C3H3N

Sample form transparent granule/ IR: cast film from DMFA

lil -7

322 !i 0

2 8 h v)

m :: 8 0 8 8

KlTFXl .DX Compound name

source- ~ ~ -

V E Chemisch-Technischc Werkc, Leiprig I

~ - - ~ - -

General formula

-1 LII - - - ~

I Sample form colourless film/lR drled film on KBr disk

CAS number

Number of entry

Class index

Comments

@jiii-TGii I ~ 1

b r z = y = 7

3600 3200 2800 4000 W W \o

wavenumber (Cm ')

KGE236.DX Compound name

Synonym or TM r -p---~ 1 60

_ _ ~ - - - i:- V sourcepp -- ___

Plastmass Zavod, Bravarsk, Russia r 20

~ p - - ~

CAS number

Number of entry

Class index

Comments

L3L--- - - 1 ~

PI---- -1

n A 0.2

1400 1200 1000 800 m 2800 24M) Zoo0 1800 40M) 3633 3200

wavenumber (cm ')

Compound name

Synonym or TM [ h ; l o p h o x I -~--p-

Sourcepp ~

Corporation,Kotlas, Russia

General formula ------

-------

Sample form -- -

Number of entry

Class index E4=-- __ - 7

Comments standard material wood tar component

800 600 400 1400 1200 1000 K) 1600 W P vl

4oM) 3600 3200

wavenumber (cm ‘1

GEPRND.DX

:II 20

CAS number

Number of entry

Class index :I*

Comments

~ 0 ~ 0 8 - l l - 7 7

m- 7 0 8

06 1 ::: 1 a.u. 0.4

0.2 c -

/- I- 1 1600 1400 1200 loo0

wovenumber (crn ‘1

800 600 4030 3600 3200 2800 w

cu t 0

E 8 N N

u. 2 m

I----- >

---..,

..,-.I

GER289.DX

acrylic resin

~ p . ~ ~ - - 1 Synonym or TM Anaterm- 103 1

Kargln htltute of Polymers, Pilot tdctory, Dzerrhinsk, Russ~d 1 sourcep ~

~ p - ~ -

General formula

~ p p -- -1 I r-- Sample form yellowish solid IR diamond squeered film

CAS number

Number of entry

Class index

1 ~ ~ - p - -

I=-- - - 1 b i i - y p p 7 k 4 x 1 5 _____ _____ - 1

Comments

83, hardened sealant material, TU 6-01-2-656-

200 800 600 400 3200 2800 2400 Zoo0 4000 3600

wavenumber (Cm ')

GER286.DX Compound name

I'; a0 I I

Synonym or TM Anaterm-8K

L Source 60

J Kargin Institute of Polymers, Pilot factory, Dzerzhinsk, Russia

,General formula , 40

------l /yellowish solid/ IR: diamond squeezed film

CAS number

Number of entry

Class index

- 1286

(1.4.ul.I .7

86, hardened sealant

c 4000 3600 2000 1800 1600 1400 12co 800 600 400 200

wavenurnber (crn I )

K42 1 02.DX

-- Compound name

80 ----I

Synonym or TM

-~ - - - ~ 1 Yaroslavl, Russia

source- - -- -

(Genersl f o r m e

CAS number

Number of entry

Class index

Comments

i-z=:::1 r-rrr7 l142~Ir1

I CH OH

a.u. I 0.4

L 3 1600 8M) Mx) 400 1400 1200 1 om 2000 1 4000 3 m 3200 2800 2400 W

wavenumber (cm.')

PMGFOS. DX Compoundname - - _ - glyphlhalic alkyd coating

-- Synonym or TM IResin GF-05 based paint coating I

:__I 60 Source

,General formula -_ _

1 I I I I

L--- I 20

CAS number I -

Number of entry

166 -2

11 4 2 - - 1 -

Class index

Corn m e n t s .clandad matcnal, autorriobilc paint coating

.- ._ . ..-

200 3200 2800 2400 20w ldoo 1200 1000 800 600

wavenumber (cm~')

8 E 8 N 0

---- ll

394 ii,

0--I-v

I I 0-A-0

I I I I I

I I I I 4

402 I-

i' I 0-0

I I I -

I I J I

..-__$

* N LT

Compound name

Synonym or T M

peneral formula C7H7N02-C30H28B 1002

Sample form Lolid yellow glassy/ IR diamond 1

Comments

wavenumber (crn ‘1

FLB430.DX Compound name

(pheny1ene)-(phenylene- carborane) copolymer I- F 1 'y- T

60 F i r Z r g i Source -1 %~

Element Compounds Acad. Sci 40

20 Sample form

Number of entry

Class index 0.8 1430 I 12 2 7

Comments laboratory sample

1400 1200 1000 800 600 3m 3200 28M) 2400 4oM) c

wavenumber (Cm ')

- diamond

I-- ~ ---I

Sample form colourless crystal faced in I I CAS number

Number of entry

Class index

Lpp--l 1394-1rrr7 [3-----J

wavenurnber (cm '1

HAP276.DX Compound name

hydroxide

~~- ~ --

white powder/lR.dlamond

CAS number

"12167-74-71 7 Number of entry

b6-- - 1 Class index

Comments

general formula CalO(OH)2(P04)6 laboratory sample, tentative

1 __---

1 ~ - ~ ~ ~ -

wavenumber (cm '1

x I- [r

x '9 0

tricresyl phosphate

“Polymerfilm” tactory, Ruwa

~~~-~~

CAS number

“1330-78-51 Number of entry

Class index

Comments

49 p - ~ 1 - ~ - 7 1 4 1

P h) W

wavenumber (cm ‘)

PLCZO5.DX

General formula

-1 Sample form

CAS number

Number of entry

Class index

i_:IIrI:7 61-------1

)41----- -1

Comments standard material, plasticiier

-------

IY 200 800 m 4cQ 1800 1600 1400 1200 2000

1 000 3200 2800 2400

wavenumber (cm ')

r-------

436 i X

8 i2 0

.: 0 m (D

8 8 w 1

.- v1 Y p?

IG0006.DX Compound name -

-p-pp--_I

_ _ _ _ p - p ~

CAS number

Number of entry

Class index fiE- - - --7 ~

q2--------1

OH Comments standard sample

I ___pp-p--

1 I 6 0 0 1400 1200 1M)o 800 600 m

wavenumber (cm '1

3200 2000 18 4 m 3600 P P w

‘4 ?

IGPBCR.DX Compound name

CAS number

Number of entry

Class index

Comments

standard sample

b7758-97-61 ~P 7 b2-- ~ -1 -

b I ~ ~ . P ~ P.

200 400 1400 1200 1000 3200 28CQ 2400 P

wavenumber (cm ‘1

448 i I ,

I I '7

I i II

-=====I

H E 8 (u

w 8 N 0

w m 3 E e

3 9 P 0

E m 3 0

IGRUTL.DX Compound name

r ------- 1 60

rutile

Source

1 %T 40

Reachem, Russia

I -p----

SynonymorTM

-------

Generalformula

1 20 I"-- - ~ - p - -

white powder/ IR. KBr pellet

CAS number

Number of entry

Class index

-----I1 FKp - --I -- F3- - - :::1

_--- 0 1600

-̂--I- - -- 400 200 800 600 1400 1200 1 000

4000 3600 3200 2800 2400

wavenumber (cm

CYS460.DX

Compound name

I-cystein

80 -~---- - - I

Synonym or TM

I- -p--------

"Soyuzreactiv",Moscow, Russ~a

fiemxal formula --

C3H7N02S 'J ~~

CH-CH2--SH

Comments standard sample

+ -- -

4000 3600

wavenumber (cm ')

RBZ352. DX P Q\ P

Compound name ribose

40 General formula C5H 1005

I Sample form 20

I I CAS number

Number of entry I?c? 1

b50-69-11 1

standard material 0.6

1600 1400 12M) 1wO 200

wavenurn ber (ern.')

XLZ355.DX Compound name

Source

General formula

form white s o l d IR diamond squcued

CAS number

Number of entry

Class index

Comments

b58-86-61 1 c 1 14 4 I

loo0 800 600 400 200 1400 1200 m 3600 3200 2800 2400

wavenumber (cm ')

I-======

I I >-=- If

Compound name

1,3-diglycidyl-oxyhenLene I pp ~ pp - -

wavenumber (cm ‘1

2 In N" a (I) 0

I 1 2;

4 .- P

a 8 8 0

CLB349.DX

cellobiose

P W 00

Source

Slovakia

General formula

CASnumber b528-50-71 -1 Number of entry

Class index

Comments

1349 1 (4.4/1.2.5 1

OH OH OH OH

:::; a.u.

x' 3200 2800 3600 2000 1800

400 1000 800 600 1400 1200

wovenumber (cm ')

Alphabetical compound name index

Compound name

(1,2-bis(oxymethyl)carborane)-(diphenylolpropane-carbonate) copolymer

( 1,2-bis(oxyphenyl)-carborane)-(diphenylolpropane-carbonate) copolymer

(1,6-bis((4-carbonyl)-phenoxy)-hexa-2,4-diyn)-(hexanediamine) copolymer cross-linked

( 1,6-bis((4-carbonyl)-phenoxy)hexa-2,4-diyn)-( 1,3-phenylenediamine) copolymer cross-linked

( 1,6-bis((4-carbonyI)-phenoxy)hexa-2,4-diyn)-( 1,4-phenylenediamine) copolymer

( 1,6-bis((4-carbonyl)-phenoxy)hexa-2,4-diyn)-(hydroquinone) copolymer

( 1,6-bis((4-carbonyI)phenoxy)hexa-2,4-diyn)-( 1,3-phenylenediamine) copolymer

( 1,6-bis((4-carbonyl)phenoxy)hexa-2,4-diyn)-(ethylenediamine) copolymer

( 1,6-bis((4-carbonyl)phenoxy)hexa-2,4-diyn)-(hexanediamine) copolymer cross-linked

( 1,6-bis((4-carbonyI)phenoxy)hexa-2,4-diyn)-resorcino1) copolymer

(4,4'-diphenyloxide diacid chloride)-( 1,3-~henylenediamine) copolymer

(4,4'-diphenyloxide diacid chloride)-(4,4'-diphenyl(2-~yan)diamine) copolymer

(acrylamide-methylene-bis acrylamide) copolymer

(acrylate-acrylonitrile) resin

(acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene) copolymer

(acrylonitrile-methylmethacrylate) copolymer

(acry lonitrile-vinylchloride) copolymer

(alkylarylenebenzophenonimide)-(siloxanebenzophenonimide) copolymer

(allylcyanacry late)-(bis(methacry1ate- 1,4-phenylene-oxy- I ,4-phenylene)carborane) copolymer

(allyIcyanacrylate)-(bis-(ethynyl-phenoxy-phenyl)carborane)copolymer

(allyIcyanacrylate)-(bis-methacrylate-diphenylolpropane) copolymer

(bis(4,5-dicarboxynaphtho-l-yl)-1',3'-benzene) dianhydride and bis(3,3'- aminopheny1ene)-

hexafluorodiphenylolpropane based polyimide

(bis(4,5-dicarboxynaphtho-I-yl)-l',3'-benzene) dianhydride and bis(3,3'-aminophenylene)-

diphenylolpropane based polyimide

(bis-(gamma-aminopropyltetramethyl)siloxane) and (3,3',4,4'-benzophenonetetracarboxylic

dianhydride) based polyimide

(butadiene-dimethan)-(oxypropyleneglycol) copolymer

(butadiene-diurethan-dicarbamide)-(dihydroxy-diurethan-isoprene-butadiene) copolymer

(butadiene-diurethan-dicarbamide)-(oxypropyleneglycol) copolymer

(butadiene-diurethan-dicarbamide)-(slloxane) copolymer

(butadiene-methylstyrene) copolymer

(butadiene-styrene) copolymer

(butadiene-styrene-acrylate) copolymer

(butylcyanacrylate)-(pentamethyldisiloxanemethoxyethyl-( 1 -methyl,4-cyan)pentadienate) copolymer

406-408

373-374

396-400

200-201

198-199

2 0 2 - 2 0 3

401-402

(chloroprene-dichlorobutadiene) copolymer

(dimethyl-si1oxane)-(methyl-phenyl-siloxane) copolymer

(dimethylsi1oxane)-(diethylsiloxane) copolymer

(dimethylsi1oxane)-(methylvinylsiloxane) copolymer

(dimethylsiloxane-methylvinylsiloxane-methy~phenylsiloxane) copolymer

(ethylene oxide)-(propylene oxide) copolymer

(ethylene-propylene) copolymer

(ethylene-propylene) copolymer diene modified

(ethylene-vinylacetate) copolymer

(formaldehyde-dioxolane) copolymer

(g1ycolide)-(caprolactone) copolymer

(g1ycolide)-(para-dioxanone) copolymer

(hydr0xy)dihexadecylphosphate

(isophthalic diacid chloride)-(4,4'-dipheny1(2-~yan)oxydiamine) copolymer

(maleinate-phthalate-styrene) resin

(methylmethacrylate-methacrylate-ethylmethacrylate) copolymer

(methylmethacrylate-styrene) copolymer

(methylmethacrylate-styrene-acrylonitrile) copolymer

(methylvinylpyridine-butadiene) copolymer

(naphthalenimidobenzimidazole)-(quinazoline) copolymer

(oxypropyleneglycol-dicarbamide-tetrahydrofuran-diurethan)-(siloxane) copolymer

(pheny1ene)-(phenylene-carborane) copolymer

(styrene-acrylonitrile) copolymer

(styrene-divinylbenzene) copolymer

(terephthalic diacid chloride)-(4,4'-dipheny1(2-~yan)oxydiamine) copolymer

(tetrafluoroallyl-cyanacrylate)-(trichlorobutadiene) copolymer

(trifluoromethyl-cyanacrylate)-(trichlorobutadiene) copolymer

1,2-bis(oxymethyl)carborane

1,2-bis(oxyphenyl)-carborane

1,3,5,7-cyclooctatetraen

1,3-diglycidyl-oxybenzene

1,4-dioxan-2-one

2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-ethynyl-4-piperidine

2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-ethynyl-4-piperidinol

2,6,10,15,19,23-hexamethyl-tetracosane

acetate cellulose

325-326

299-304

317-319

403-404

32 1-322

acrylic resin

agarose

alkyd ruby paint

aluminum silicate hydroxide

amylum

arabinose

asparagine

aspartic acid

barium sulphate

bee venom phospholipase A2

beta-alanine

beta-indoly l-alpha-aminopropionic acid

beta-phenyl-alpha-alanine

beta-pheny I-beta-alanine

bipheny lene-dianhy dride-dianiline

bipheny lene-dianhydride-metha-diethy !aniline

bipheny lene-dianhydride-ortho-diethylaniline

bipheny he-dianhydride-para-diethylaniline

bipheny lenedianhydride

bisphenol A epoxy resin hardened

bright orange anthraquinone dye

calcium carbonate

calcium phosphate tribasic hydroxide

calcium sulphate dihydrate

Canada balsam

casein

cellobiose

cellulose cotton

cellulose triacetate

chromium oxide

cis-poly(butadiene)

cis-poly (pentenamer)

cystein

cystine

dextran

dextran epichlorohydrin linked

diamond

dibutyl phthalate

didodecyl phthalate

370-372

363-364

diethy laminoethyl cellulose

diethylaminoethyl sepharose

diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A polyamine hardened

dioctyl phthalate

dioctyl sebacate

diphenylolpropane-formaldehyde novolak resin

diphenylolpropane-formaldehyde resol resin

dulcitol

dye Bordo CM

dye Bordo K

dye bright red S

dye orange G

dye pink G

dye red 2 CM

dye red 5s

dye red G

dye red S

dye scarlet N

dye yellow 4K

dye yellow stable

dye yellow stable 2 2 A

dye yellow stable Z

epichlorohydrin rubber

epoxidized plant oil

epoxy resin

epoxy resin hardened

gelatine

glucose

glue "Mokol"

glue Tesa Coll

glutamic acid

glycogen

glyphthalic alkyd coating

hardwood pulp

heparin

heparinoid C

histidine

hydrous magnesium silicate

Inerton

insulin porcine

isoprene & chloroprene rubbers blend

kolophonium glycerol ester

kolophonium-maleinate resin

lead chromate

lecithin egg

lysine-HC1

maleinate resin, bromide modified

maltose

machinery oil

melamine-acrylate resin

melamine-alkyd enamel

melamine-formaldehyde resin

melamine-triazinone-formaldehyde resin

melibiose

methionine

naphthalenimide copolymer

natural pine-needle resin

natural rubber

natural softwood lignin

nitrocellulose

norleucine

norvaline

octadecanoic acid barium salt

octadecanoic acid calcium salt

octadecanoic acid lead salt

octadecanoic acid lithium salt

para-pheny lene-diaminediphthalate

para-pheny lenediamine

paraffin

Parafilm M

pentaphthalic alkyd resin

phenol-formaldehyde resin

pine resin

poly( 1,3-phenoxy- 1 ,4-phenylene- 1,4-phenoxy- 1,3-phenylene-pyromellitimide)

poly( 1,3-phenylene-(bis(propargyl))-phthalamide)

poly( 1,3-phenylene-(propargyloxy)terephthalamide)

poly( 1,3 -pheny he-(propargy1oxy)terephthalate)

poly( 1,3-phenyIene-isophthal-amide)

382-383

375-376

355-356

poly( 1,3-phenylene-oxide)

poly( 1,4-dioxyanthraquinone-carbonate)

poly( 1,4-phenoxy- 1,4-phenylene-(trichloromethyl)-rnethylene)

poly( 1,4-phenoxy- 1,4-phenylene-isopropylidene- 1,4-phenoxy-phenylene-sulphone)

poly( 1,4-phenoxy- l,4-phenylene-isopropylidene-phenoxy-phenylene-sulphone-diphenylene-su~phone)

poly( 1,4-phenoxy-bromophenylene)

poly( 1,4-phenoxy-phenylene-ethyne)

poly( 1,4-phenylene-(4-(4'-methoxy-4-diphenyloxy)-butoxy)terephthalamide)

poly( 1,4-phenyIene-(propargyloxy)terephthalamide)

poly( 1,4-phenyIene-carbodiimide)

poly( 1,4-phenylene-sulfide- 1,4-phenylene-sulphone)

poly( 1,6-dicarbazolyl-2,4-hexadiyne)

poly(2,6-diphenyl-n-phenyleneoxide)

poly(2-propenoic acid,-2-cyano-2-(2-propenyloxy-ethylester))

poly(2-propenoic acid,-2-cyano-2-(2-propenyloxy-ethylester)) cross-linked

poly(4-methyl- 1 -penten)

poly(cyanurate)- poly(bis-maleinimide) mutually penetrating net

poly(di( 1.4-phenoxy- 1.4-phenylene)-sulphone)

poly(di(oxy- 1,4-phenylenesulfonyl- 1,4-phenylene))

poly(ether-ether-ketone )

poly(para-dioxanone)

poly(para-xylylene)

polyacenaphthenylene

polyacrylamide

polyadenine

polyally I-oxy-isopropy 1-cyanacrylate

polyallyl-oxy-isopropyl-cyanacrylate cross-linked

polyallyl-oxy-propyl-cyanacrylate cross- linked

polyamic acid based on 3,3',4,4'-biphenyltetracarboxylic dianhydride and tetramethyl-phenylene-1,4-

diamine

polyamide 6 modified

polyamide based on ((4-phenyl)-benzoyloxy)-terephthalic acid and 1,3-phenylenediamine

polyamidocarboxylic acid based on 3,3',4,4'-biphenyltetracarboxylic dianhydride and cyclohexyl- 1,4-

diamine

polyamidocarboxylic acid based on 3,3',4,4'-biphenyltetracarboxylic dianhydride and oxydianiline

polyamidocarboxylic acid based on 3,3',4,4'-biphenyltetracarboxylic dianhydride and para-phenylene

diamine

polyaminophenylene-sulfide

polyarylamide

267-269

271-273

262-263

256-257

135-136

233-234

polyarylamide

polybis-maleinimide

polybis-trifluoroethy laminophosphazene

polybromopheny lene

polybutadiene ester

polybutadiene-Na

polybuty lacry late

polybuty leneterephthalate

polycaprolactam

polycarbosilan

polychloroprene

polycyanacrylate

polycyanurate

polycyclooctenamer

polydibutylaminophosphazene

poly diethy laminophosphazene

polydiethy leneglycolsuccinate

polydihexy laminophosphazene

polydimethylaminophosphazene

polydimethy lsiloxane

polydiphenylolpropanecarbonate

polydodecanamide

polyepichlorohydrin

polyepoxypropy lcarbazole

polyester unsaturated

polyester unsaturated, bromide modified

polyethy lacry late

polyethylene

polyethylene chlorinated

polyethylene chlorosulfonated

polyethylene high pressure

polyethylene low pressure

polyethy lene-imine

polyethy leneglycol

polyethy leneglycoladipate

polyethy leneglycolphthalate

polyethyleneglycolsebacate

polyethy lenegly colsuccinate

polyethy leneterephthalate

245-246

172-174

166-170

16 1- 164

229-230

116-118

151-153

poly ethy leneterephthalate

polyfluoroethylene

polyglycolide

polyhexamethy leneadipamide

polyhexamethy lenesebacateamide

polyimide based on (1,4,5,8-naphthalenetetracarboxylic dianhydride) and (diphenyl-disulfonic acid)

diamine

polyimide based on 1,4,5,8-naphthalenetetracarboxylic dianhydride and di(hydroxypheny1)-methane-

diamine

polyimide based on 3,3',4,4'-benzophenonetetracarboxylic dianhydride and 4,4'-diaminotriphenylamine

polyimide based on 3,3',4,4'-benzophenonetetracarboxylic dianhydride and 5-bromide-1,3-phenylene-

diamine

polyimide based on 3,3',4,4'-benzophenonetetracarboxylic dianhydride and 9,10-bis(para-

aminopheny 1)-anthracene

polyimide based on 3,3',4,4'-biphenyltetracarboxylic dianhydride and 9,1O-bis(para-aminophenyl)-

anthracene

polyimide based on 3,3',4,4'-biphenyltetracarboxylic dianhydride and cyclohexyl- 1 ,4-diamine

polyimide based on 3,3',4,4'-biphenyltetracarboxylic dianhydride and oxydianiline

polyimide based on 3,3',4,4'-biphenyltetracarboxylic dianhydride and para-phenylene-diamine

polyimide based on 3,3',4,4'-biphenyltetracarboxylic dianhydride and tetramethyl-l,4-phenylene-

diamine

polyimide based on 3,3',4,4'-oxydiphthalic dianhydride and (4-tetrafluoroethyloxy)-1,3-phenylene-

diamine

polyimide based on 3,3',4,4'-oxydiphthalic dianhydride and 5-bromide- 1,3-phenylene-diamine

polyimide based on 3,3',4,4'-oxydiphthalic dianhydride and oxydianiline

polyimide based on 3,3',4,4'-oxydiphthalic dianhydride and para-phenylene-di(oxyani1ine)

polyimide based on 3,3',4,4'-pyromellitic dianhydride and 4,4'-diaminodiphenyl

polyimide based on 3,3',4,4'-pyromellitic dianhydride and 4,4'-diaminodiphenyl ether

polyimide based on 3,3',4,4'-pyromellitic dianhydride and 5-bromide-phenylene- 1,3-diamine

polyimide based on 3,3',4,4'-pyromellitic dianhydride and 9,1O-bis(para-aminophenyl)-anthracene

polyimide based on 3,3,-bis(3',4'-dicarboxyphenyl)phthalide dianhydride and 9,lO-bis(para-

aminopheny1)-anthracene

polyimidobenzimidazole with bisphenol-A linkages

polyisobutylene

polyisoprene

polyisoprene vulcanized

polylactide

polymethacrylic acid

polymethylene oxide

polymethylmethacrylate

140-142

210-211

112-113

75-8 1

polymethylmethacrylate resin

polynaphthoy lenebenzimidazole

polynaphthoylenebenzimidazole

polyoxadiazole

polyoxy- 1,4-phenylenesulfonyl- 1 ,4-phenylene

polyoxy- 1,4-phenylenesulfonyl[ 111'-biphenyl]-4,4'-diyl

polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate

polyoxyethylene sorbitan monopalmitate

polyoxymethylene

polyoxyphenylene-sulfide

polyoxypropy leneglycol-diurethan-dicarbamide

polyoxypropy leneglycoldiurethan

polypentenamer - trans

polyphenoxy-dipheny lene-ethyne

po lypheny lene

polypheny lene

polyphenylene sulphone

polypheny lene-carborane-ethyne

polyphenylene-oxide modified

polypropanone

polypropylene

polypropylene glycol

polypropy lene-oxide

polyquinazoline with phenylene ether linkages

polyquinazolone with phenylene ether linkages

polyquinazolone-quinoline

Polysorb-1

polystyrene

polystyrene bromide

polysulfonyl- 1.4-phenylene

polysulphide rubber

polyterphenylene-2,5-diphenylbenzoyloxy-terephthalamide

polyterpheny lene-terephthalamide

polyterphenylene2,5-diphenyl-4-phenylene-trimethylene-carbonyloxy-terephtha~amide

polytetrafluoroethy lene

polytetrafluoroethylene-co-perfluorosulfonic acid

264-265

196- 197

133- 134

137-139

125-126

238-239

243-244

106-108

polytetramethyldiphenylolpropanecarbonate

polytriethyleneglycolsuccinate

polyurethan

polyuridilic acid

polyvinyl acetate

polyvinyl alcohol

polyvinyl butyral

polyvinyl butyral & phenol-formaldehyde resin blend

polyvinyl chloride

polyvinyl pyrrolidone

polyvinylcarbazole

polyvinylidene chloride

polyvinylidene fluoride

potassium sulfate

rhamnose

ribonucleic acid yeast

ribose

serine

silicon

sodium bicarbonate

sodium dihexadecylaminoethylsulphite

sodium lauryl sulphate

sodium sulfate

sodium sulphite

sorbitol

sucrose

sulphate cellulose

sulphate cellulose- viscose

sulphite cellulose

sunflower oil

titanium oxide

titanium permagneziate

tricresyl phosphate

triphenyl-stibine

urea-formaldehyde & alkyd resins blend

urea-formaldehyde resin

urea-urone-formaldehyde resin

valine

193- 195

205-206

69-7 1

297-298

357-358

277-281

274-275

458-459

350-351

valinomycin

VBFS-4 resin

viscose

VMA-0 1 10 resin

white topcoating

xylose

zinc oxide

Alphabetical synonym or TM index

Synonym or TM

( 1,4-dioxan-2,5-dione)-( 1,4-dioxan-2-one) copolymer

( 1,4-dioxan-2,5-dione)-(caprolactone) copolymer

acetate fiber

acetobutyrate cellulose

Acetur

Acrylex P-30

Acrylex P- 100

Acrylic resin Etacryl ACR 15

ACRYLON

Agarose

anatase

Anaterm- 103

Anaterm- 17M

Anaterm-6K

Anaterm-8K

Arabinose

Armos 100

Armos, 55.9

barite

Butachlor GRT

Butachlor MC-30

Butachlor MSC-102

Butadiene ester rubber

butadiene-methylstyrene rubber SKMS 30 ARKM 15

butadiene-styrene rubber SKS 30 ARK 15

Butadiene-styrene-ester rubber BSEF

butyl rubber

Butylacrylate rubber BAC

calcite

Canada balsam. Michrome

Carbamide resin K-411-02

carbamide resin MCH-025 K-403

Carbamide-alkyd resin MCH-061

Carilon E

casein glue

cellulose SFA

277-28 1

cellulose SFI

Chloroprene S-40

Chromosorb- 102

cis-polypentenamer

Compound K-153

Cotton fiber

CSPE rubber

Cyacryne glue

d-Glucose

d-Sorbite

d-Xylose

Dacryl2M

Dacryl2M orange

Dacryl2MO

Dacryl8

DEAE-Cellulose DE 22

DEAE-sepharose CL-6B

Delpet

Dextran

Dextran G-50 Molselect

diamond IIA type

Diflon, "PC-6", "PC-LT-10"

DL-Aspartic acid

DL-beta- Alanine

DL-beta-Pheny I-alpha- Alanine

DL-beta-Phenyl-beta- Alanine

DL-Lysine-HC1

DL-Methionine

DL-Norleucine

DL-Norvaline

DL-Serine

DL-Tryptophan

DL-Valine

Dulcitol

Dutral D-235-E2

Dutral D-346-E

Dutral D-436-E

Dutral D-334-E

Dutral D-53742

214-215

Epoxy resin ED-20 hardened

epoxy resin EDP-20 polyamine hardened

fluoride rubber

Ftorlon fiber

Ftoroplast (Fluoroplast)

Gelatine

Glue BF-2

Glue BF-6

Glycogen

gypsum

Heparin

Heparinoid-C

Hydrin- 100

Hydrin-200

isoprene rubber

Kanekalon

kaolinite

Keltan 512, SKEPT

Kittifix

KM resin

kolophonium

L-Asparagine

L-Cystein

L-Cystine

L-Glutamic acid

L-Histidine

I-Rhamnose

LAVSAN

Lexan LS2-4 135

Luran ABS-plastic

Lustran

Macrolon

Melamine-alkyd resin ML-12

Mokol glue

Moment-1 glue

MPP 05-08-308

MS-copolymer

MSN-I1

3 63 -3 64

151-152

Na-butadiene rubber

NAFION

Nairit BCM

Nairit DB

Nairit DCN

Nairit DCP

Nairit DH

Nairit DP

Nairit DX

Nairit NT

natural caoutchouc

Neoprene WRT

Nissan white paint coating

Nitrocellulose glue

Nitron

NORYL SE 100

PAN-fiber

Panlite L 1250 VHE 20006 V

para-dioxanone

paraffin 54156

Parafilm M

Paraform

Parylene N

PEG 15000

PEG 400

PEG 8000

PETF-KM

PF-053

Phenol-formaldehyde resin 101 LK

phenolic resin FL-326

Phenyl-vinyl-siloxane rubber

Phenylon

plant oil

Plexiglas 8H

poly((5-bromide- 1,3-phenylene)-pyromeIlite-imide)

poly( 1,l -dichloroethylene)

poly( 1,1 -difluoroethylene)

poly( 1,3-phenylene-((4-phenyl)-benzoyloxy)terephthalamide)

poly( 1,4-dioxan-2-0ne)

poly( 1,4-p heny lene-(propargy 1oxy)terephthalamide)

poly( I-chloroethylene), PVC

poly( 1 -hydroxyethylene)

poly( I-hydroxyethylene), "Vinol" fiber

poly(3,6-dimethyl- 1,4-dioxan-2,5-dione)

poly(4,4'-diphenyl-(2-cyan)oxy-isophthalamide)

poly(4,4'-diphenyl-(2-cyan)oxy-terephthalmide)

poly(ally1-oxyethyl-cyanacrylate)

poly(ally1-oxyethyl-cyanacrylate) cross-linked

poly(aramide)

poly(ary1ene-amide)

poly(bromostyrene)

poly(cyclohexy1- 1,4-diamine-biphenyl amic acid)

poly(diacety1ene)

poly(ether sulphone)

Poly(ether sulphone) PES- 1

Poly(ether sulphone) PES-B

poly(n,n'-bis(phenoxypheny1)-pyromellitic imide) , PM Film, Capton

poly(naphthoy1eneimide)

poly(oxydiani1ine-biphenyl amic acid)

poly(para-phenylene-biphenyl amic acid)

poly(para-pheny lene-sulfide-sulphone)

poly(para-phenylene-sulphone)

poly(pheny1ene ether)

poly(resorcin-(propargy1oxy)terephthalate)

poly(si1oxanebenzophenonimide)

poly(tetramethy1- 1,4-phenyIenediamine-biphenyl amic acid)

poly(thi0- 1,4-phenylene)

poly(thi0- 1,4-phenylene) Ryton V-1

POlY[AI

POlY[UI

Polyamide 6 -1201321

polyamide 6-2 1013

Polyamide- 12 LA

Polyamide-6

Polyamide-6,lO L

264-265

Polyamide-6,6

polybipheny lpyromellitimide

polycyanamide

polycyclooctenamer

polydiacety lene

polydiacetylene

polydiglycolide, poly( 1,4-dioxan-2,5-dione)

poly diglycolide, poly( 1,4-dioxan-2,5-dione)

Polyester fiber

Polyester PN-12 TR 30-14-13-81

Polyester PN-3 1

Polyester PN-35 Br

Polyester PN-35Br

Polyester PN-67

Polyester PN-69

Polyester PN-SK-20

polyformaldehyde

polyformaldehyde, poly(oxymethy1ene)

polymethacrylic acid

Polypentenamer TPA

Polyphenylene-oxide 5PH 4E

polypropylene

Polypropylene 2 1030-16

Polypropylene Glycol 200

polypropylene oriented

Polystyrene PS -0505

Polystyrene PSM- 1 15

Polystyrene UPS- 1002

Polysulphone PSB-200

Polysulphone PSD

Polysulphone PSF- 150

Polysulphone PSK-1

Polysulphone Talpa-1000

Polyvinylbutyral PSH- 1

polyviny lpyrrolidinone

Proxanol208

267-268

Proxanol268

PUR RIM

Resin GF-05 based paint coating

Resin K-42 1-02

resorcinol diglycidyl ether

Ribose

row rubber SKI-3

Rubber Acron

rubber SKI-3

Rubber SKTE-8

Rubber SKTMF

Rubber SKTV- 1

Rubber synthetic propylene-oxide "SKPO"

rutile

Sefadex G 100

Sevilen 1 1 104-030

SILAMID

Silicon

Silicon elastomer E 301

SKMVP rubber

SKU-DF2 rubber

Spandex B 97114

Squalane

starch

Stearate Ba

Stearate Ca

Stearate Li

Stearate Pb

Sudan orange G

SVM 29

SVM 55.9

Synthetic rubber SKD

Synthetic rubber SKU-DF2

Synthetic rubber SKU-PF-OP

Synthetic rubber SKU-PFL

125-126

401-402

198-204

196-197

403-404

Talpa K-200

Teisin polycarbonate

Templen P-4-MP-1203

Templen P-4-MP- 1203-02

Tenax GC

Tesa Coll Universallim

trans-polypentenamer

triacetate film

tripheny lantimony

tritolyl phosphate

Tween 40

Tween 80

UHU stic, glue

Uhu-plus resin

Uniherm-8

Vedryl9D

Viscose fiber

Viscose SFA

Vitur T-1013-75

Yeast RNA

Zapon red, mark S

Zn-insulin

Alphabetical general formula index

General formula

A1207Si2

ClOHllN06P-K+ C 10H13N03

C 1 OH 13N03

C1 OH1 3N03

C1 OH1606

C10H804

CllH12N202

C11H1608

C11H19N

ClIH19NO

CllHF2105S

C 12H1204

C12H1404

C 12H 1 809

C12H2004

C 12H22N202

C12H22011

C12H23NO

C12H23N05

C 12H2504S-Na

C 12H28N3P1

C12H402S2

C 12H7Br0

C 12H803 S

C14H1 ON202

C14H11N

Compound name

barium sulphate

diamond

poly(adenine)

poly( allyl-oxy-isopropyl-cyanacrylate)

poly(ally1-oxy-isopropyl-cyanacrylate) cross-linked

poly(ally1-oxy-propyl-cyanacrylate) cross-linked

poly(triethy leneglycolsuccinate)

poly(ethyleneglyco1phthalate)

poly(ethyleneterephtha1ate)

beta-indolyl-alpha-aminopropionic acid

2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-ethynyl-4-piperidine

2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-ethynyl-4-piperidinol

poly(tetrafluoroethylene-co-perfluorosulfonic acid)

poly(butyleneterephtha1ate)

1,3-diglycidyl-oxybenzene

agarose

poly(ethyleneglyco1sebacate)

poly(hexamethy1eneadipamide)

cellobiose

d-maltose

d-melibiose

d-sucrose

poly(dodecanamide)

diethylaminoethyl cellulose

poly(dihexy1aminophosphazene)

poly( 1,4-phenylene-sulfide- 1,4-phenylene-sulphone)

poly( 1,4-phenoxy-bromophenyIene)

poly(di(oxy- 1,4-phenylenesulfonyl- 1,4-phenylene))

poly(di(oxy- 1,4-phenylenesulfonyl- 1 ,4-phenylene))

poly(oxy- 1,4-phenylenesulfonyl- 1,4-phenylene)

poly(m-phenylene-isophthal-amide)

poly(vinylcarbazole)

15 1-153

C14H20B 1002

C14H2008-Cl8B2808-

C16H2408

C14H80

C14H9C130

C15H13NO

C15H18B1003-

C16H1403

C15H20N205

C15H605

C 16H12N20

C 16H1403

C16H2204

C16H30N202

C 16H5BrN204

C16H606

C17H1005

C 17H 12N203

C 17H12N203

C 1 8H 1 ON204

C18HlON205

C18H11Br

C18H12

C18H120

C18H1203 S

C 18H1203S

C 18H15Sb

C18H35Ca02

C18H3502-Ba

C18H3502-Li

C18H3502-Pb

C19H1203

C20H 12N20

C20H 14N203

C20H2203

C2 1 H 1 ON204

C2 1H13N303

1,2-bis(oxyphenyl)-carborane

poly( 1,4-phenoxy-phenylene-ethyne)

poly( 1,4-phenoxy- 1,4-phenylene-(trichloromethyl)-methylene)

poly(epoxypropy1carbazole)

( 1,2-bis(oxyphenyl)-carborane)-(diphenylolpropane-carbonate) copolymer

poly (oxypropyleneglycoldiurethan)

poly( 1,4-dioxyanthraquinone-carbonate)

dye orange G

poly(diphenylo1propanecarbonate) 1

dibutyl phthalate

poly(hexamethy1enesebacateamide)

polyimide based on 3,3',4,4'-pyromellitic dianhydride and 5-bromide-

phenylene- 1,3-diamine

biphenylenedianhydride

poly( 1,3-phenylene-(propargyloxy)terephthalate)

poly( 1,3 -phenylene-(propargy1oxy)terephthalamide)

polyimide based on 3,3',4,4'-pyromellitic dianhydride and 4,4'-

diaminodipheny 1

polyimide based on 3,3',4,4'-pyromellitic dianhydride and 4,4'-

diaminodiphenyl ether

poly(bromopheny1ene)

poly(pheny1ene)

poly(2,6-diphenyl-n-phenyleneoxide)

poly(oxy- 1,4-phenyIenesulfonyl[ 111'-biphenyl]-4,4'-diyl)

poly(oxy- 1,4-phenylenesulfonyl[ l,l'-biphenyI]-4,4'-diyl)

triphenyl-stibine

octadecanoic acid lithium salt

poly(ether-ether-ketone)

(4,4'-diphenyloxide diacid chloride)-( 1,3-phenylene-diamine) copolymer

poly(tetramethyldipheny1olpropanecarbonate)

poly(bis-maleinimide)

(isophthalic diacid chloride)-(4,4'-diphenyl(2-cyan)oxy-diamine) copolymer

166-170

C2 1 H13N303

C2 1H14N402

C21H2104P

C22HlON204

C22H 12N203

C22H12N204

C22H 1 2 0

C22H14N206

C22H16N204

C22H16N40

C22H18N204

C22H20N206

C22H9BrN205

C23H9BrN205

C24HlOF4N206

C24H160

(terephthalic diacid chloride)-(4,4'-diphenyl(2-cyan)oxy-diamine)

copolymer

poly(ary1amide)

tricresyl phosphate

polyimide based on 3,3',4,4'-biphenyltetracarboxylic dianhydride and para-

phenylene-diamine

polyimide based on 3,3',4,4'-biphenyltetracarboxylic dianhydride and para-

pheny lene-diamine

poly(oxadiazo1e)

para-pheny lene-diaminediphthalate

poly(phenoxy -di(phenylene-ethyne))

polyamidocarboxylic acid based on 3,3',4,4'-biphenyl-tetracarboxylic

dianhydride and para-phenylene diamine

polyimide based on 3,3',4,4'-biphenyltetracarboxylic dianhydride and

cyclohexyl- 1,4-diamine

dye red G

( 1,6-bis((4-carbonyl)phenoxy)hexa-2,4-diyn)-(ethylene-diam~e) copolymer

( 1,6-bis((4-carbonyl)phenoxy)hexa-2,4-diyn)-(ethylenediamine) copolymer

cross-linked

polyamidocarboxylic acid based on 3,3',4,4'-biphenyl-tetracarboxylic

dianhydride and cyclohexyl- 1,4-diamine

polyimide based on 3,3',4,4'-oxydiphthalic dianhydride and 5-bromide-1,3-

pheny lene-diamine

polyimide based on 3,3',4,4'-benzophenonetetracarbo-~yIic dianhydride and

5-bromide- 1,3-phenyIene-diamine

polyimide based on 3,3',4,4'-oxydiphthalic dianhydride and (4-

tetrafluoroethy1oxy)- 1,3 -phenylene-diamine

polyphenylene

C24H160-C38H34B 1002 (pheny1ene)-(phenylene-carborane) copolymer

C24H1604S poly(di( 1.4-phenoxy- 1.4-phenyIene)-sulphone)

C24H22BlO poly(pheny1ene-carborane-ethyne)

C24H3804 dioctyl phthalate

C25H 1605 (1,6-bis((4-carbonyl)-phenoxy)hexa-2,4-diyn)-(hydro-quinone) copolymer

C25H 1605 ( 1,6-bis((4-carbonyl)-phenoxy)hexa-2,4-diyn)-resorcinol) copolymer

C26HlON403 poly(naphthoylenebenzimidazo1e)

C26H12N2010S2 polyimide based on (1,4,5,8-naphthalenetetracarboxyIic dianhydride) and

(diphenyl-disulfonic acid) diamine

C26H18N204 ( 1,6-bis((4-carbonyl)phenoxy)hexa-2,4-diyn)-( 1,3-~henylenediamine)

copolymer cross-linked

C26H18N204 ( 1,6-bis((4-carbonyI)phenoxy)hexa-2,4-diyn)-( 1,4-phenyIenediamine)

233-234

C26H18N204

C26H22N206

C26H26N204

C26H5004

C27H12N404-

C29HlON402F6

C27H 12N404-

C34H20N40

C27H 14N206

C27H 14N206-

C27H14N208

C27H17N303

C27H18N204

C27H2204S

C28H 14N205

C28H 14N206

C28H16N204

C28H18N207

C28H2402

copolymer

( 1,6-bis((4-carbonyI)phenoxy)hexa-2,4-diyn)-( 1,3-phenyIenediamine)

copolymer

poly( 1,3-phenylene-(bis(propargyI))-phthalamide)

tetramethyl- 1,4-phenylene-diamine

polyamic acid based on 3,3',4,4'-biphenyltetracarboxylic dianhydride and

tetramethyl-pheny lene- 1,4-diamine

( 1,6-bis((4-carbonyl)phenoxy)hexa-2,4-diyn)-(hexanediamine) copolymer

cross-linked

( 1,6- bis((4-carbonyl)phenoxy)hexa-2,4-diyn)-(hexanediamine) copolymer

cross-linked

dioctyl sebacate

poly(naphthoylenebenzimidazo1e)

(naphtha1enimidobenzimidazole)-(quinazoline) copolymer

polyimide based on 1,4,5,8-naphthalenetetracarboxylic dianhydride and

di(hydroxypheny I)-methane-diamine

naphthalenimide copolymer

(4,4'-diphenyloxide diacid chloride)-(4,4'-diphenyl(2-~yan)diamine)

copolymer

polyamide based on ((4-phenyl)-benzoyloxy)-terephthalic acid and 1,3-

pheny lenediamine

poly( 1,4-phenoxy- 1,4-phenyIene-isopropylidene- 1,4-phenoxy-phenyIene-

sulphone)

poly( 1,4-phenoxy- 1,4-phenyIene-isopropylidene- 1,4-phenoxy-phenylene-

sulphone)

poly( 1,4-phenoxy- 1,4-phenyIene-isopropylidene- 1,4-phenoxy-phenyIene-

sulphone)

(bis-(y-aminopropy Itetramethyl)siloxane) and 3,3',4,4'-ben-

zophenonetetracarboxylic dianhydride based polyimide)

oxydianiline

polyimide based on 3,3',4,4'-oxydiphthalic dianhydride and oxydianiline

biphenylene-dianhydride-dianiline

polyamidocarboxylic acid based on 3,3',4,4'-biphenyltetracarboxylic

dianhydride and oxydianiline

polypheny lene

C2H2C12

C2H2F2

C2H2F2-C3F6

C2H202

C2H202-C4H603

C2H3C1

C2H4-C2H3Cl-

C2H3C102S

C2H4-C3H6

C2H4-C4H602

C2H4N20

C2H40-C3H60

C2H60Si

C2H60Si-C3H60Si

C2H60Si-C4HlOOSi

C2H60Si-C7H80Si

C2H60Si-C7H80Si-

C3H60Si

C2H8N3P 1

C3 OH 19Br0

C30H20N2

C30H200

C30H2002

C30H62

C3 1H22N403

C3 1H28N205

C32H24N204

C32H5404

poly(tetrafluoroethy1ene)

poly(viny1idene chloride)

poly(viny1idene fluoride)

poly(glyco1ide)

(g1ycolide)-(para-dioxanone) copolymer

poly(viny1 chloride)

paraffin

poly(ethy1ene)

poly(ethy1ene) high pressure

poly(ethy1ene) low pressure

poly(ethy1ene) chlorosulfonated

(ethylene-vinylacetate) copolymer

urea-formaldehyde resin

poly(ethyleneglyco1)

poly(viny1 alcohol)

poly(ethylene4mine)

poly(dimethylsi1oxane)

(dimethy1siloxane)-(methylvinylsiloxane) copolymer

(dimethylsi1oxane)-(diethylsiloxane) copolymer

(dimethylsiloxane-methylvinylsiloxane-methylphenylsiloxane) copolymer

poly(dimethy1aminophosphazene)

poly(acenaphtheny1ene)

poly( 1,6-dicarbazoly1-2,4-hexadiyne)

polyphenylene

polyquinazolone with phenylene ether linkages

poly( 1,4-phenylene-(4-(4'-methoxy-4-diphenyloxy)-

but0xy)terephthalamide)

biphenylene-dianhydride-metha-diethy lanilhe

bipheny lene-dianhy dride-ortho-diethy lanilhe

bipheny lene-dianhy dride-para-diethy laniline

didodecyl phthalate

140-142

299-304

350-351

116-1 18

69-7 1

325-326

229-230

137- 138

C32H6704P

C34H18N206

C34H18N207

C34H24N205-

C27H30N206Si2

C34H7003NS-Na

C35H19N305

C36H18N204

C36H2403

C36H2404S

C39H3006S2

C3H3N-C2H3C1

C3H3N-C4H6-C8H8

C3H3N-C5H80

C3H5C110 1-C2H40

C3H5C10

C3H5NO

C3H60-C6H1002

C3H7N02

C3H7N02S

C3H7N03

C40H24N402

C4 1 H22N204

C42H22N205

C44H20N405

C44H28N406

C48H42N303

(hy droxy)dihexadecy lphosphate 427

poly( 1,3-phenoxy-l,4-phenylene-1,4-phenoxy-l,3-phenylene- 220

pyromellitimide)

polyimide based on 3,3',4,4'-oxydiphthalic dianhydride and para-phenylene-

di(oxyani1ine)

(alkylarylenebenzophenonimide)-(siloxanebenzophenonimide) copolymer 396-400

sodium dihexadecylaminoethylsulphite

polyimide based on 3,3',4,4'-benzophenonetetracarboxylic dianhydride and

4,4'-diaminotriphenylamine

polyimide based on 3,3',4,4'-pyromellitic dianhydride and 9,1O-bis(para-

aminopheny I)-anthracene

polypheny lene

poly(pheny1ene sulphone)

poly( 1,4-phenoxy- 1,4-phenylene-isopropylidene-phenoxy-phenyIene-

sulphone-dipheny lene-sulphone)

(acrylonitrile-vinylchloride) copolymer

(acrylonitrile-methylmethacry late) copolymer

poly(propanone)

poly(epich1orohydrin)

poly(acry1amide)

Poly(ProPylene)

poly(propy1ene glycol)

poly(propy lene-oxide)

dl-beta-alanine

I-cystein

dl-serine

polyimide based on 3,3',4,4'-biphenyltetracarboxylic dianhydride and 9,lO-

bis(para-aminopheny1)-anthracene

polyimide based on 3,3',4,4'-benzophenonetetracarboxylic dianhydride and

9,1O-bis(para-aminophenyl)-anthracene

poly(naphthoylenebenzimidazo1e)

polyimidobenzimidazole with bisphenol-A linkages

poly(cyanurate)

271-273

9 1-92

125-126

C48H42N303-

C2 1 H 1 ON204

C49H26N206

C4H10Si2

C4H 12N3P 1

C4H16B1002

C4H3CL3-C5H2NF302

C4H3CL3-C7H5F4N02

C4H404-C6H1002

C4H5CI

C4H5C1

C4H5CI

C4H5CI-C4H4C12

C4H6-CSH8

C4H6-CSH8-C3H3N

C4H6-CSH8-C9H1404

C4H6-C9H1404

C4H6F6N3P1

C4H602

C4H603

C4H7N04

C4H8N203

C52H34N206

C57H34N403

C58H46N206

C59H36N208

C5H1002S2

poly(cyanurate)- poly(bis-maleinimide) mutually penetrating net

polyimide based on 3,3,-bis(3',4'-dicarboxyphenyl)-phthalide dianhydride

and 9,1O-bis(para-aminophenyl)-anthracene

poly(carbosi1an)

poly(diethylaminophosphazene)

1,2-bis(oxymethyl)carbrborane

(trifluoromethyl-cyanacrylate)-(trichlorobutadiene) copolymer

(tetrafluoroallyl-cyanacrylate)-(trichlorobutadiene) copolymer

(glyco1ide)-(caprolactone) copolymer

poly(ch1oroprene)

cis-poly(butadiene)

poly (butadhe)-Na

(butadiene-styrene-acrylate) copolymer

poly(butadiene ester)

poly(bis-trifluoroethylaminophosphazene)

poly(methacry1ic acid)

poly(viny1 acetate)

1,4-dioxan-2-one

poly (para-dioxanone)

dl-aspartic acid

poly(isobuty1ene)

1-asparagine

poly(terphenylene-(2,5-di(phenylbenzoyloxy))-terephthalamide)

poly(quinazo1one-quinoline)

poly(terphenylene(2,5-di(phenyl-4-phenylene-~imethylene-carbonyloxy))-

terephthalamide)

(bis(4,5-dicarboxynaphtho-l-yl)-1',3'-benzene) dianhydride and bis(3,3'-

aminopheny1ene)hexafluorodipheny lolpropane based polyimide

(bis(4,5-dicarboxynaphtho-l-yl)-1',3'-benzene) dianhydride and bis(3,3'-

aminopheny1ene)-diphenylolpropane based polyimide

polysulphide rubber

6 1-64

C5H1005 arabinose

C5H1005 d-xylose

C5H1005 ribose

C5H11N02 dl-norvaline

C5Hl lN02 dl-valine

C5H11N02S dl-methionine

C5H14B 1003-Cl6H1403 (1,2-bis(oxymethyl)carborane)-(diphenylolpropane-carbonate) copolymer

C5H802

C5H802-C4H602-

C5H802

C5H802-C8H8

C5H802-C8H8-C3H3N

C5H9N04

C66H58N20 12

C6H1005

C6H11NO

C6H 12N204S2

C6H1205

C6H1206

C6H13N02

cis-poly(pentenamer)

poly(isoprene)

poly(isoprene) vulcanized

trans-poly(pentenamer)

poly(ethylacry1ate)

poly(methylmethacry1ate)

poly(methy1methacrylate) resin

(methylmethacrylate-methacrylate-ethylmethacrylate) copolymer

I-glutamic acid

poly(terpheny lene-terephthalamide)

amylum

cellulose cotton

dextran

glycogen

hardwood pulp

sulphate cellulose

sulphite cellulose

poly(capro1actam)

polyamide 6 modified

I-cystine

I-rhamnose

d-glucose

dl-norleucine

406-408

2 1-22

317-319

277-281

274-275

C6H14N202

C6H1406

C6H 1406

C6H402S

C6H40S-C6H40S2

C6H5NS

C6H7N02

C6H8N2

C6HXN209

C6H804

C6H9N302

C6H9NO

C76H40N806

C7H1202

C7H4N2

C7H7N02-C23H2404

dl-lysine-HC1

d-sorbitol

dulcitol

poly(sulfony1- 1,4-phenylene)

poly(oxypheny1ene-sulfide)

poly(para-phenylene-sulfide)

poly(aminopheny1ene-sulfide)

poly(cyanacry1ate)

para-pheny lenediamine

nitrocellulose

poly(ethyleneglyco1succinate)

poly(1actide)

1-histidine

poly(viny1 pyrrolidone)

poly( quinazolone-quinoline)

poly (buty lacry late)

poly( 1,4-phenylene-carbodiimide)

phenol-formaldehyde resin

(allylcyanacrylate)-(bis-methacrylate-diphenylolpropane) copolymer

C7H7N02-C3 OH28B 1 0 0 2 (allylcyanacry1ate)-(bis-( ethynyl-phenoxy-pheny1)carborane)copolymer

C7H7N02-C3 4H3 6B 1006 (allylcyanacry1ate)-(bis(methacry1ate- 1,4-phenylene-oxy- 1,4-

pheny1ene)carborane) copolymer

C7H9Na05S2 viscose

C8Hl lN02- (butylcyanacrylate)-(pentamethyldisiloxanemethoxyethyl-( 1 -methyl,4-

C 15H27NSI204 cyan)pentadienate) copolymer

C8H 1204 poly(ethyleneglyco1adipate)

C8H1205 poly(diethyleneglyco1succinate)

CXH1206 acetate cellulose

C8H14 poly(cyc1ooctenamer)

C8H1402 poly(viny1 butyral)

CXH1402-C7H60

CXH20N3 P 1 poly(dibuty1aminophosphazene)

C8H7Br poly(styrene bromide)

C8H8 1,3,5,7-~yclooctatetraen

C8H8 poly(paraxyly1ene)

C8H8 poly(styrene)

CXHS-C3H3N (styrene-acrylonitrile) copolymer

CSH9N-C4H6 (methylvinylpyridine-butadiene) copolymer

poly(viny1 butyral) & phenol-formaldehyde resin blend

256-257

297-298

106-108

321-322

C9HlO-C4H6

C9HlON208P-Kt

C9H11N02

C9H11N03

C9H1 IN03

CH20-CjH602

CHNa03

Cr04Pb

H2Mg30 12Si4

Na203S

Na204S

TiMg04

CAS number

[ 10030-85-01

[ 100684-42-21

poly(uridi1ic acid)

dl-beta-pheny 1-alpha-alanine

dl-beta-pheny I-beta-alanine

poly(2-propenoic acid,-2-cyano-2-(2-propenyloxy-ethylester)) cross-linked

calcium carbonate

poly(methy1ene oxide)

poly(oxymethy1ene)

(formaldehyde-dioxolane) copolymer

sodium bicarbonate

chromium oxide

lead chromate

potassium sulfate

sodium sulphite

sodium sulfate

titanium oxide

zinc oxide

silicon

titanium permagneziate

Compound name

1-rhamnose

ribonucleic acid yeast

112-1 13

[ 10101-41-41

[ 107-95-91

[108568-51-01

[ 108568-51-01

[lll-01-31

[ 117549-52-71

[ 1 17-8 1-71

[12167-74-71

[1308-38-91

[1314-13-21

[ 1317-70-01

[ 13 17-80-21

[ 1330-78-51

[1332-58-71

[144-55-81

[ 14807-96-61

[150-30-11

[ 15 1-21-31

[1592-23-01

[2001-95-81

[2051-85-61

[2197-63-91

[24936-50-31

[24936-68-31

dl-beta-alanine

poly(ether-ether-ketone)

poly(2-propenoic acid,-2-cyano-2-(2-propenyloxy-ethylester)) cross-

dioctyl phthalate

calcium phosphate tribasic hydroxide

chromium oxide

zinc oxide

titanium oxide

tricresyl phosphate

sodium bicarbonate

dl-beta-phenyl-alpha-alanine

valinomycin

dye orange G

(hydroxy)dihexadecylphosphate

poly( styrene bromide)

poly(diphenylo1propanecarbonate)

"937-05-1]/[24938--37-21 poly(ethyleneglyco1adipate)

[24937- 16-41 poly(dodecanamide)

[24937-78-81 (ethylene-vinylacetate) copolymer

[24937-79-91 poly(viny1idene fluoride)

124938-60-11 poly(m-phenylene-isophthal-amide)

[24938-68-91 poly(2,6-diphenyl-n-phenyleneoxide)

[24968-12-5]/[26062-94-21 poly(butyleneterephtha1ate)

[24969-06-01

[250 14-4 1-91

[25034-86-01

[25034-96-21

[25036-01-51

[25038-36-21

I2503 8-3 6-21

[25038-36-21

[25038-54-41

[25038-59-91

[25067-30-51

[25067-59-81

[25067-95-21

[25068-26-21

[25087-26-71

[25103-85-91

[25 103-85-91

[25135-51-71

[25 135-5 1-71

poly(epich1orohydrin)

(acrylonitrile-methylmethacrylate) copolymer

poly( ethyleneglycolsebacate)

poly(capro1actam)

poly(ethyleneterephtha1ate)

poly(cyanacry1ate)

poly(vinylcarbazo1e)

poly(methacry1ic acid)

cis-poly(pentenamer)

trans-pol y(pentenamer)

trans-poly(pentenamer)

poly( 1,4-phenoxy- 1,4-phenylene-isopropylidene-1,4-phenoxy-phenylene-

poly( 1,4-phenoxy- 1,4-phenylene-isopropyIidene- 1,4-phenoxy-phenylene-

poly( 1,4-phenoxy- 1,4-phenylene-isopropylidene- 1,4-phenoxy-phenylene-

[252 12-74-21 poly(para-pheny lene-sulfide)

[252 12-74-21 poly(para-phenylene-sulfide)

[25248- 17-31 poly(ethyleneglycolphtha1ate)

[25267-51-01 poly(cyc1ooctenamer)

[25267-51-01 poly( cyclooctenamer)

[25322-68-31 poly(ethyleneglyco1)

[25322-68-31 polyoxyethylene sorbitan monopalmitate

[25322-68-31 polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate

[25322-69-41 poly(propy1ene glycol)

[25322-69-41 poly(prop ylene-oxide)

[25322-69-41 poly (propylene-oxide)

[25667- 1 1-2]/[25569-53-31 poly(ethyleneg1ycolsuccinate)

[25667-42-91 poly(oxy- 1,4-phenylenesulfonyl- 1,4-phenylene)

[25667-42-91 poly(di(oxy- 1,4-phenylenesulfonyl- 1,4-phenylene))

[25667-42-91 poly( di(oxy- 1,4-phenylenesulfonyl- 1,4-phenylene))

[26009-03-01 poly(glyco1ide)

[26023-21-21

[26793-77-11 poly(diethyleneglyco1succinate)

[27028-97-31 poly( 1,4-phenylene-sulfide-1,4-phenylene-sulphone)

[27680-96-21 (methylvinylpyridine-butadiene) copolymer

[28086-43-31 poly(uridi1ic acid)

[28650-84-21 poly(triethyleneglyco1succinate)

[29223-92-51 poly(para-dioxanone)

[302-84-11 dl-serine

[30396-85-11 (acrylonitrile-methylmethacrylate) copolymer

[304 1-1 6-51 1,4-dioxan-2-one

[3 1833-61-11 poly(sulfony1- 1,4-phenylene)

[32077-07-91 poly(oxy- 1,4-phenylenesulfonyl[ 1, I'-biphenyl]-4,4'-diyl)

[32077-07-91 poly(oxy- 1,4-phenylenesulfonyl[ 1,l '-biphenyl]-4,4'-diyl)

[32131-17-21 poly(hexamethy1eneadipamide)

[365522-63-11 poly(butadiene)-Na

[4485-12-51 octadecanoic acid lithium salt

polyimide based on 3,3',4,4'-benzophenonetetracarboxylic dianhydride

[471-34-11

[492-62-61

[50-69- 13

[50-70-41

[5 16-06-31

[528-50-71

[52-90-41

[54-12-61

[55774-96-41

[56-86-01

[56-89-31

[57407-08-61

[57-50-11

[585-99-91

[58-86-61

[59-51-81

[603-36-11

[608-66-21

[6 16-06-81

[617-45-81

[629-20-91

[63 148-65-21

[63231-66-31

[6363-53-71

[68037-39-81

[6865-35-61

[70-47-31

[70-54-21

[7 1-00- 11

[7428-48-01

[7440-21-31

[760-78-11

[7727-43-71

[77323-49-01

[7757-82-61

calcium carbonate

d-glucose

ribose

d-sorbitol

dl-valine

cellobiose

1-cystein

beta-indolyl-alpha-aminopropionic acid

poly(epoxypropylcarbazo1e)

1-glutamic acid

1-cystine

diethylaminoethyl sepharose

d-sucrose

d-melibiose

d-xylose

dl-methionine

triphenyl-stibine

dulcitol

dl-norleucine

dl-aspartic acid

1,3,5,7-~yclooctatetraen

poly(viny1 butyral)

poly(viny1 butyral) & phenol-formaldehyde resin blend

poly(ethy1ene) chlorinated

d-maltose

poly(ethy1ene) chlorosulfonated

1-asparagine

dl-lysine-HC1

1-histidine

silicon

dl-norvaline

barium sulphate

poly(tetrafluoroethy1ene-co-perfluorosulfonic acid)

sodium sulfate

[7757-83-71

[7758-97-61

[7778-80-51

[8002-74-2]/[64742-5 1-41

[ 8049-62-5]/[ 9004-2 1 - 11 [8068-03-91

[82028-95-31

[82375-93-71

[84-74-21

[87-72-91

[9000-70-81

[9000-7 1-91

[900 1-84-71

[9002-81-71

[9002-8 1-71

[9002-81-71

[9002-84-01

[9002-85- I]

[9002-86-21

[9002-88-41

[9002-89-51

[9002-89-5]/[9003-20-71

[9002-98-61

[9003-00-31

[9003-05-81

[9003-07-01

sodium sulphite

lead chromate

potassium sulfate

paraffin

insulin porcine

natural softwood lignin

poly( adenine)

dibutyl phthalate

arabinose

gelatine

casein

bee venom phospholipase A2

poly(oxymethy1ene)

poly(methy1ene oxide)

poly(oxymethy1ene)

poly( tetrafluoroethylene)

poly(viny1idene chloride)

poly(viny1 chloride)

poly(ethy1ene) high pressure

poly(ethy1ene) low pressure

poly(ethy1ene)

poly(viny1 alcohol)

poly(viny1 acetate)

poly(ethy1ene-We)

poly(ethy1ene-imine)

(acrylonitrile-vinylchloride) copolymer

poly(acry1amide)

poly( acrylamide)

poly(propy1ene)

[9003-07-01

[9003-17-21

[9003-27-41

[9003-31-01

[9003-32-11

[9003-39-81

[9003-49-01

[9003-53-61

[9003-55-81

[9003-70-71

[9004-34-61

[ 9004-3 5-71

[9004-36-81

[9004-54-01

[9004-70-01

[9005-12-31

[9005- 12-31

[9005-25-81

[9005-79-21

[9006-21-71

POlY (propylene)

POlY (ProPY lene)

PolY(ProPY1ene)

cis-pol y(butadiene)

poly(isobuty1ene)

poly(isoprene)

poly(isoprene) vulcanized

poly(ethylacry1ate)

poly(viny1 pyrrolidone)

poly(butylacry1ate)

poly(paraxyly1ene)

POlY (styrene)

poly(styrene)

POlY (styrene)

Polysorb-1

sulphite cellulose

sulphate cellulose

cellulose cotton

acetate cellulose

dextran

nitrocellulose

(dimethylsiloxane-methylvinylsiloxane-methylphenylsiloxane) copolymer

amylum

glycogen

[9006-21-71

[9006-2 1-71

[9008-66-61

[9010-79-11

[9010-98-41

[90 10-98-41

[9010-98-41

[9011- 14-71

[9011-14-71

[9012-09-31

[9012-36-61

[9013-34-71

[9016-00-61

[9041-08-11

[904 1-08- 11

[9041-80-91

[9048-7 1-91

[9050-94-61

[9052-61-31

[9052-77-1]/[9003-56-91

[9052-77-11/[9003-56-9]

[9058-15-5]/[9003-54-7]

[9058-15-5]/[9003-54-71

[93358-01-11

poly(hexamethy1enesebacateamide)

poly(ch1oroprene)

poly(methylmethacry1ate)

agarose

diethylaminoethyl cellulose

poly(dimethylsi1oxane)

heparin

heparinoid C

dextran

(styrene-acrylonitrile) copolymer

handbook of fourier transform raman and infrared spectra of polymers

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