home pt | imvf - rubella is sll causing hearing loss...immunization against diphtheria, tetanus and...

References:CentersforDiseaseControlandPreven2on,2015.RubellaVirus.EpidemiologyandPreven1onofVaccine-PreventableDiseases,13thEdi1on,April,pp.325–340.WHO,2013.Immuniza2onProfile-SaoTomeandPrincipe.pp.1–12.Availableat:hNp://apps.who.int/vaccines/globalsummary/immuniza2on/countryprofileresult.cmf?C=stp[AccessedApril27,2013].WHO,2016.WHO|Infographic:SixgoalsoftheGlobalvaccineac2onplan.WHO|Infographic.Availableat:hNp://www.who.int/campaigns/immuniza2on-week/2016/infographic/en/#.VyKZWhgS_is.mendeley[AccessedApril28,2016].WHOMediacentre,2015.Mediacentre-Rubella.WorldHealthOrganiza1on,pp.1–3.Availableat:hNp://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs367/en/[AccessedOctober24,2015].

Rubellaiss*llcausingHearinglossCris2naCaroça1,2,5;VeraVicente3;PaulaCampelo1;MariaChasqueira3;

HelenaCaria4;SusanaSilva5;PauloPaixão3;JoãoPaço1,2

Preven2nghearinglossisessen2alinacommunitywheretheprevalenceofhearinglossinchildrenishigh.Inthissitua2onitismandatorytoiden2fythemainriskfactors.

Thischallengebecomesevenmoresignificantwhensomeofthemcanbeavoided.

Introduc-onInSãoToméandPríncipe(STP),aSub-SaharanAfricancountry,itwasfoundanincreasedprevalenceofsensorineuralhearingloss(SNHL).Rubellaisgenerallyamildillnessbutwhenpregnantwomenbecomeinfected,par2cularlyduringthefirsttrimesterofpregnancy,thereisa90%chanceofthefetushavingcongenitalrubellasyndrome(CRS).Thebabycanbebornwithmul2pledefects—ifitsurvivesatall.HearinglossisoneofthedefectsthatmayarisefromtheCRS.Rou2nerubellavaccina2onisnotavailableinSTPandepidemiologyandimmunestatusforrubellawasneverstudiedinthispopula2on.TheaimofthestudyistoassesstheimmunestatusofthesampleobtainedduringhumanitarianmissionsinSTPislandsandalsofindifthereisassocia-onofrubellaIgGwithHearingLoss(HL).

Results•  Obtainedasamplewith147subjectsfrom2to14years•  68individuals(46.3%)-casegroup•  79individuals(53.7%)-controlgroup•  IgGwasposi2vein50.3%ofthe147subjects•  Thereisasta2s2calsignificancebetweenPosi2veIgGforrubellawith“noorallanguage”(p=0.007)•  Posi2veIgGforrubellawaspresentin44.6%ofcontrolgroupand55.4%ofcasegroup(p=0,025)•  ByBinaryLogis2cRegressionweverifythatrubellaisac-ngasariskfactoranddoublestheriskofHL

p=0.026;OR=2.117CI95%[1.094-4.096]

Evennotknowingthe2meofinfec2on,weconcludethatrubellainfec2onexistsinSTP.Thereisasta2s2callysignificantassocia2onbetweenHLandrubellainfec2onwhichisalso

ac2ngasariskfactor,almostduplica2ngtheriskofhearingloss.Forthisreason,itisurgenttoimplementrubellavaccineinthiscountry.

Material&Methods

•  Children[2-14]Y•  ObservedduringhumanitarianMissionsSTP•  Audiologicalevalua2on•  Acceptpar2cipateinstudy•  CollectedblooddroptoDriedBloodSpot(DBS)•  CaseGroup–atleastoneearwithHL•  ControlGroup–bothearsnormalhearing•  Sta2s2calanalysis–IBMSPSSSta2s2cversion20.0

ConflictofInterests:authorsdeclarenoconflictofinterests

Acknowledgments:

IgGRubellaresultsvsCase-Controlgroup(n=147)

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

ControlGroup

CaseGroup

AllSample

ControlGroup CaseGroup AllSamplePosi:ve 33 41 74Nega:ve 46 27 73

p=0.025

IMMUNIZATION AGAINST DIPHTHERIA, TETANUS AND PERTUSSIS

Target

900⁄0Immunization coverage with 3 doses of diphtheria, tetanus and pertussis vaccines

Gap: 65 countries 18.7 million children unvaccinated

POLIO ERADICATION

Target A world free of polio

Gap: 2 countriesRemain polio endemic

USE OF NEW OR UNDERUTILIZED VACCINES

Target

90At least 90 low- and middle-income countries introduce one or more new or underutilized vaccine

On TRACK86 low- and middle-income countries added at least one new or underutilized vaccine

MATERNAL AND NEONATAL TETANUS ELIMINATION

Target Eliminate maternal and neonatal tetanus in 59 priority countries

Gap: 21 countries21 countries have not yet eliminated maternal and neonatal tetanus

RUBELLA ELIMINATION

Target Eliminate rubella from at least two WHO regions in 2015

Gap: 1/2Half of all children do not receive the rubella vaccine

MEASLES MORTALITY REDUCTION

Target At least 4 WHO Regions to eliminate measles in 2015

Gap: 150⁄0150⁄0 of all children not being immunized with one dose. Only one Region has eliminated measles

IMMUNIZATION FOR ALLTHROUGHOUT LIFE WORLD IMMUNIZATION WEEK 2016

www.who.int/campaigns/immunization-week/2016/en

CLOSETHE IMMUNIZATION

GAP

SIX GOALS OF THE GLOBAL VACCINE ACTION PLAN

FollowingtheWHOslogan

1HospitalCUFInfanteSanto,Lisboa,Portugal2NOVAMedicalSchool|FaculdadedeCiênciasMédicas,UniversidadeNovadeLisboa,Portugal

3CEDOC,NOVAMedicalSchool|FaculdadedeCiênciasMédicas,UniversidadeNovadeLisboa,Portugal4BioIsi–Biosystems&Integra2veSciencesIns2tute,FaculdadedeCiênciasdeLisboa,Portugal

5ToxOmics,NOVAMedicalSchool|FaculdadedeCiênciasMédicas,UniversidadeNovadeLisboa,Portugal