home pt | imvf - rubella is sll causing hearing loss...immunization against diphtheria, tetanus and...
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References:CentersforDiseaseControlandPreven2on,2015.RubellaVirus.EpidemiologyandPreven1onofVaccine-PreventableDiseases,13thEdi1on,April,pp.325–340.WHO,2013.Immuniza2onProfile-SaoTomeandPrincipe.pp.1–12.Availableat:hNp://apps.who.int/vaccines/globalsummary/immuniza2on/countryprofileresult.cmf?C=stp[AccessedApril27,2013].WHO,2016.WHO|Infographic:SixgoalsoftheGlobalvaccineac2onplan.WHO|Infographic.Availableat:hNp://www.who.int/campaigns/immuniza2on-week/2016/infographic/en/#.VyKZWhgS_is.mendeley[AccessedApril28,2016].WHOMediacentre,2015.Mediacentre-Rubella.WorldHealthOrganiza1on,pp.1–3.Availableat:hNp://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs367/en/[AccessedOctober24,2015].
Rubellaiss*llcausingHearinglossCris2naCaroça1,2,5;VeraVicente3;PaulaCampelo1;MariaChasqueira3;
HelenaCaria4;SusanaSilva5;PauloPaixão3;JoãoPaço1,2
Preven2nghearinglossisessen2alinacommunitywheretheprevalenceofhearinglossinchildrenishigh.Inthissitua2onitismandatorytoiden2fythemainriskfactors.
Thischallengebecomesevenmoresignificantwhensomeofthemcanbeavoided.
Introduc-onInSãoToméandPríncipe(STP),aSub-SaharanAfricancountry,itwasfoundanincreasedprevalenceofsensorineuralhearingloss(SNHL).Rubellaisgenerallyamildillnessbutwhenpregnantwomenbecomeinfected,par2cularlyduringthefirsttrimesterofpregnancy,thereisa90%chanceofthefetushavingcongenitalrubellasyndrome(CRS).Thebabycanbebornwithmul2pledefects—ifitsurvivesatall.HearinglossisoneofthedefectsthatmayarisefromtheCRS.Rou2nerubellavaccina2onisnotavailableinSTPandepidemiologyandimmunestatusforrubellawasneverstudiedinthispopula2on.TheaimofthestudyistoassesstheimmunestatusofthesampleobtainedduringhumanitarianmissionsinSTPislandsandalsofindifthereisassocia-onofrubellaIgGwithHearingLoss(HL).
Results• Obtainedasamplewith147subjectsfrom2to14years• 68individuals(46.3%)-casegroup• 79individuals(53.7%)-controlgroup• IgGwasposi2vein50.3%ofthe147subjects• Thereisasta2s2calsignificancebetweenPosi2veIgGforrubellawith“noorallanguage”(p=0.007)• Posi2veIgGforrubellawaspresentin44.6%ofcontrolgroupand55.4%ofcasegroup(p=0,025)• ByBinaryLogis2cRegressionweverifythatrubellaisac-ngasariskfactoranddoublestheriskofHL
p=0.026;OR=2.117CI95%[1.094-4.096]
Evennotknowingthe2meofinfec2on,weconcludethatrubellainfec2onexistsinSTP.Thereisasta2s2callysignificantassocia2onbetweenHLandrubellainfec2onwhichisalso
ac2ngasariskfactor,almostduplica2ngtheriskofhearingloss.Forthisreason,itisurgenttoimplementrubellavaccineinthiscountry.
Material&Methods
• Children[2-14]Y• ObservedduringhumanitarianMissionsSTP• Audiologicalevalua2on• Acceptpar2cipateinstudy• CollectedblooddroptoDriedBloodSpot(DBS)• CaseGroup–atleastoneearwithHL• ControlGroup–bothearsnormalhearing• Sta2s2calanalysis–IBMSPSSSta2s2cversion20.0
ConflictofInterests:authorsdeclarenoconflictofinterests
Acknowledgments:
IgGRubellaresultsvsCase-Controlgroup(n=147)
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
ControlGroup
CaseGroup
AllSample
ControlGroup CaseGroup AllSamplePosi:ve 33 41 74Nega:ve 46 27 73
p=0.025
IMMUNIZATION AGAINST DIPHTHERIA, TETANUS AND PERTUSSIS
Target
900⁄0Immunization coverage with 3 doses of diphtheria, tetanus and pertussis vaccines
Gap: 65 countries 18.7 million children unvaccinated
POLIO ERADICATION
Target A world free of polio
Gap: 2 countriesRemain polio endemic
USE OF NEW OR UNDERUTILIZED VACCINES
Target
90At least 90 low- and middle-income countries introduce one or more new or underutilized vaccine
On TRACK86 low- and middle-income countries added at least one new or underutilized vaccine
MATERNAL AND NEONATAL TETANUS ELIMINATION
Target Eliminate maternal and neonatal tetanus in 59 priority countries
Gap: 21 countries21 countries have not yet eliminated maternal and neonatal tetanus
RUBELLA ELIMINATION
Target Eliminate rubella from at least two WHO regions in 2015
Gap: 1/2Half of all children do not receive the rubella vaccine
MEASLES MORTALITY REDUCTION
Target At least 4 WHO Regions to eliminate measles in 2015
Gap: 150⁄0150⁄0 of all children not being immunized with one dose. Only one Region has eliminated measles
IMMUNIZATION FOR ALLTHROUGHOUT LIFE WORLD IMMUNIZATION WEEK 2016
www.who.int/campaigns/immunization-week/2016/en
CLOSETHE IMMUNIZATION
GAP
SIX GOALS OF THE GLOBAL VACCINE ACTION PLAN
FollowingtheWHOslogan
1HospitalCUFInfanteSanto,Lisboa,Portugal2NOVAMedicalSchool|FaculdadedeCiênciasMédicas,UniversidadeNovadeLisboa,Portugal
3CEDOC,NOVAMedicalSchool|FaculdadedeCiênciasMédicas,UniversidadeNovadeLisboa,Portugal4BioIsi–Biosystems&Integra2veSciencesIns2tute,FaculdadedeCiênciasdeLisboa,Portugal
5ToxOmics,NOVAMedicalSchool|FaculdadedeCiênciasMédicas,UniversidadeNovadeLisboa,Portugal