hsa 171 car. health care systems 1436/ 6/30 the means by which societies provide support for...
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The health care system includes everyone
WHO NEEDS health care and everyone
WHO DELIVERS health care, which means
that everyone is affected by health care.
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"A health system consists of all organizations, people and actions whose
primary intent is to promote, restore or maintain health . This includes
efforts to influence determinants of health as well as more direct health-
improving activities. A health system is therefore more than the
pyramid of publicly owned facilities that deliver personal health
services. It includes, for example, a mother caring for a sick child at
home; private providers; behavior change programmers; vector-control
campaigns; health insurance organizations; occupational health and
safety legislation. It includes inter-sectoral action by health staff, for
example, encouraging the ministry of education to promote female
education, a well known determinant of better health."
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The World Health Organization (WHO) Health System
Performance Framework defines the goals of health
systems as:
Improving the health of the population they serve.
Responsiveness, i.e., responding to people's
legitimate expectations
Fair financing, i.e., providing financial protection
against the costs of ill-health.
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Effectiveness - Quality Improving population health Social.
Acceptability – Responsiveness Responding to peoples’ expectations
(“needs” and “wants”) .Cost
Fair financing of health care and, Providing financial protection against costs of ill-
health.
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Health system performance or efficiency can be examined in
terms of the extent to which these goalsgoals are attained, given
the resources available to the system.
ResponsivenessResponsiveness is defined as a measure of how well the
health system responds to the legitimate expectations of the
population (e.g. on waiting times, quality of care).
Fair financing Fair financing suggests every member of society should
pay the same share of their disposable income to cover their
health costs.
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A health care organization is defined as:
◦ An association or prescribed person that receives
funding from a regional health authority to
provide health services.
Health care organizations include:
◦ non-profit organizations.
◦ for-profit organizations.
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Health care providers are institutions or
individuals providing health care services.
Individuals including health professionals health professionals and
allied health professions can be self-employed or
working as an employee in a hospital, clinic, or
other health care institution, whether government
operated, private for-profit, or private not-for-
profit (e.g. non-governmental organization).
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They may also work outside of direct patient care
such as in a government health department or
other agency, medical laboratory, or health
training institution.
Examples of health workers are doctors, nurses, midwives
, dietitians, paramedics, dentists, medical laboratory
technologists, therapists, psychologists, pharmacists,
chiropractors, optometrists, community health workers,
traditional medicine practitioners, and others.
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1. Health Insurance
Generally used to describe a form of insurance that
pays for medical expenses.
Provided through a social insurance program, or
from private insurance companies.
Obtained on a group basis (e.g., by a firm to cover
its employees) or purchased by individual
consumers.
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2. Out of Pocket payment
Direct outlay of cash which may or may not be later
reimburse.
To be out of pocket is to have expended personal
resources, often unexpectedly or unfairly, at the end
of some enterprise.
Represents the share of the expenses that the patient
or the family pay directly to the health care provider,
without a third-party (insurer, or state).
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3. Donation Is a gift given by physical or legal persons, typically
for charitable purposes and/or to benefit a cause. Donation Forms: Cash . Services . New or used goods including toys, food and clothing Consist of emergency, relief items, development aid
support. Relate to medical care needs as i.e. blood and organ. Charitable gifts of goods or services are also
called GIFT IN KIND
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accountable to the owners of the facilities. At
the same time, these boards are accountable to
the Minister of Health and to the regional health
authority in which they operate for the
programs and services they provide.
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