human anatomy - ch. 11 study guide
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8/7/2019 Human Anatomy - Ch. 11 Study Guide
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Chapter 11 Study Guide
Divisions of the brain
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Gyri - folds on the surface of each hemispheres
Sulci - intervening grooves
Functions of the parts of the brain
o Frontal lobe - controls voluntary muscle functions, moods, aggression, smell reception,
and motivation
o Parietal lobe - control center for evaluation sensory info of touch, pain, balance, taste, and
temperature
o Temporal lobe - evaluates hearing input and smell as well as being involved with
memory processes; abstract thoughts and judgment decisions
o Occipital lobe - receiving and interpreting visual input
o Cerebellum - 2nd largest portion of the brain; primarily white matter with thin layer of
gray; reflex center in coordinating complex skeletal muscular movements, maintaining
proper body posture, and keeping the body balanced
Parts & functions of the brain stem
o Brain stem - connects the brain to the spinal cord
Medulla oblongata - contains all the ascending and descending tracts that connect
between the spinal cord and various parts of the brain; white and gray matter
Pons varolii - bridge that connects the spinal cord with the brain and parts of the
brain with each other
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Midbrain - (mesencephalon) convey impulses from the cerebral cortex to the
pons and spinal cord; controls movement of the eyeballs and head
Parts & functions of the diencephalon
o Diencephalon - superior to midbrain and between the 2 cerebral hemispheres
Thalamus - principle relay station for sensory impulses that reach the cerebral
cortex coming from the spinal cord, brainstem, and parts of the cerebrum;interpretation center for pain and temperature
Hypothalamus - controls many bodily functions related to homeostasis; controls
and integrates the autonomic nervous system; receives sensory impulses from
internal organs; sends signals and controls pituitary gland; controls feelings of
rage and aggression, body temperature, and thirst
Optic tracts
Optic chiasma - where optic nerves cross each other
Pituitary gland
Pineal gland - pinecone shaped endocrine gland that secretes melatonin, which
affects our moods and behavior
Cranial nerves (names & numbers)
Right vs. left brain functions
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Parts & functions of the parts of the eye
o Three layers
Sclera - outermost layer; white of the eye; composed of tough connective tissue
Choroid - 2nd layer; contains numerous blood vessels and pigment cells; black in
color and absorbs light so that it doesnt reflect in the eye and impair vision
Retina - innermost layer; gray in color and contains the light sensitive cells (rods
and cones)
o Ciliary body - consists of smooth muscles that hold the lens in place
o Lens - biconvex, transparent, and flexible
o Iris - colored part of the eye consisting of smooth muscle that surrounds the pupil
o Aqueous humor - fluid that fills the anterior compartment in front of the lens
o Vitreous humor - fills the posterior compartment
o Optic nerve - axons of the ganglia cells
o Fovea centralis - center of the yellowish spot it the retina that has a depression; produces
the sharpest visioin
o Optic disk - where the nerve fibers leave the eye
Cones vs. rods
o Cones - produce color and they require lots of light; 3 different cones sensitive to red,
blue, or green
o Rods - quite sensitive to light and function in dim light but do not produce color vision
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