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I. U. O
bservatorio d
el Ebro, U
niversitat Ram
on Llull
Center for A
tmospheric R
ese
arch, University of M
assachusets Low
ell
IRI/COST 296 WORKSHOP; 10-14 July 2007, Prague, Czech Republic 1
E. Blanchb, B. W. Reinischa, V. V. Paznukhova, D. Altadillb,a,
b) Observatorio del EbroUniversitat Ramon Llull Crta. de l'Observatori, No. 8E43520-Roquetes, SPAIN
Study of Geomagnetic Storm Effects Using Digisonde Network Data
a) Center for Atmospheric Research University of Massachusetts Lowell 600 Suffolk Str., 3rd floor Lowell, MA 01854, USA
I. U. O
bservatorio d
el Ebro, U
niversitat Ram
on Llull
Center for A
tmospheric R
ese
arch, University of M
assachusets Low
ell
OUTLINE
Analysis of the mid-latitude ionosphere
Response to geomagnetic storms
Digisonde network database
European and American sectors
IRI/COST 296 WORKSHOP; 10-14 July 2007, Prague, Czech Republic 2
Nine major storms of 2001-2005
Electron density profiles
hmF1, foF1, hmF2 & foF2
Strong ionospheric uplift; TAD’s effects
I. U. O
bservatorio d
el Ebro, U
niversitat Ram
on Llull
Center for A
tmospheric R
ese
arch, University of M
assachusets Low
ell
Examples of Ionograms
Uplift + G condition at mid-latitudes
Nine main storms analyzed:
11 September 2005, 24 August 2005, 15 May 2005, 21 January 2005
5 December 2004, 7 November 2004, 22 July 2004, 22 January 2004
20 November 2003 (~20,000 ionograms validated)
IRI/COST 296 WORKSHOP; 10-14 July 2007, Prague, Czech Republic 3
Chilton,Aug 24, 2005
I. U. O
bservatorio d
el Ebro, U
niversitat Ram
on Llull
Center for A
tmospheric R
ese
arch, University of M
assachusets Low
ell
Results: August 24, 2005
Helio-geophysical conditions
IRI/COST 296 WORKSHOP; 10-14 July 2007, Prague, Czech Republic 4
00 02 04 06 08 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 00
20
40
60400
600
8000
20
40
60
8000 02 04 06 08 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24
-200
-100
0
100
(+ 40 min)(ACE)
(+ 40 min)
(ACE)
00 02 04 06 08 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 00
-40-20
02040
(+ 40 min) (ACE)
Universal Time, August 24, 2005
Np
[cm
-3]
Vp
[km
/s]
B [n
T]
Bz
[nT
]
(+ 40 min) (ACE)
AE
[T
]
SY
M-H
[nT
] 0
1
2
3
4
I. U. O
bservatorio d
el Ebro, U
niversitat Ram
on Llull
Center for A
tmospheric R
ese
arch, University of M
assachusets Low
ell
Results: August 24, 2005
European sector (profiles)
IRI/COST 296 WORKSHOP; 10-14 July 2007, Prague, Czech Republic 5
SSC
I. U. O
bservatorio d
el Ebro, U
niversitat Ram
on Llull C
enter for Atm
ospheric Re
search, U
niversity of Massachusets Lo
well
Results: August 24, 2005
European sector (characteristics) SSC = 06:13 UT
IRI/COST 296 WORKSHOP; 10-14 July 2007, Prague, Czech Republic 6
-200
0
200
DS
T
200
300
400
hmF2 hmF2quiet
Chilton
00 02 04 06 08 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 00
200
300
400
500
Universal Time
Athens
200
300
400
500
SanVito
200
300
400
500
Pruhonice
200
300
400
500
Ebro
hm
F2 [k
m]
-200
0
200
4
8
12
Chilton
foF2 foF2quiet
4
8
12
Pruhonice
4
8
12
Ebro
4
8
12
DS
T
SanVito
foF
2 [M
Hz]
00 02 04 06 08 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 000
4
8
12
Universal Time
Athens
SSCSSC
I. U. O
bservatorio d
el Ebro, U
niversitat Ram
on Llull C
enter for Atm
ospheric Re
search, U
niversity of Massachusets Lo
well
Results: August 24, 2005
American sector (profiles)
IRI/COST 296 WORKSHOP; 10-14 July 2007, Prague, Czech Republic 7
SSC
-200
0
200
4
8
12
Millstone Hill
foF2 foF2quiet
4
8
12
Boulder
4
8
12
Wallops Is
4
8
12
DS
T
Eglin
foF
2 [M
Hz]
00 02 04 06 08 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 000
4
8
12
Universal Time
Jicamarca
I. U. O
bservatorio d
el Ebro, U
niversitat Ram
on Llull C
enter for Atm
ospheric Re
search, U
niversity of Massachusets Lo
well
Results: August 24, 2005
American sector (characteristics) SSC = 06:13 UT
IRI/COST 296 WORKSHOP; 10-14 July 2007, Prague, Czech Republic 8
-200
0
200
DS
T
200
300
400
hmF2 hmF2quiet
Millstone Hill
00 02 04 06 08 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 00
200
300
400
500
Universal Time
Jicamarca
200
300
400
500
Eglin
200
300
400
500
Boulder
200
300
400
500
Wallops Is
hm
F2 [k
m]
SSCSSC
-4 -2 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18
0
100
200
SSC Time from SSC
Jicamarca-4 -2 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18
0
100
200 Eglin-4 -2 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18
0
100
200 Wallops Is-4 -2 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18
0
100
200 Boulder-4 -2 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18
0
100
200Millstone Hill
• I. U
. Ob
servatorio del E
bro, Universitat R
amon Llull
• C
enter for Atm
ospheric Re
search, U
niversity of Massachusets Lo
well
Results: August 24, 2005
Uplift at both sectors SSC = 06:13 UT
IRI/COST 296 WORKSHOP; 10-14 July 2007, Prague, Czech Republic 9
Millstone Hill
Boulder
Wallops Is.
Eglin
Jicamarca
-4 -2 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18
0
100
200
1.78 h from SST (+20 min)
Ebro
-4 -2 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18
0
100
200
1.53 h from SST (+5 min)
Pruhonice
-4 -2 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18
0
100
200
1.45 h from SST (reference)
-4 -2 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18
0
100
200
Time from SSCSSC
2.28 h from SST (+50 min)
Athens
-4 -2 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18
0
100
200
1.78 h from SST (+20 min)
Grahamstown
Chilton
Pruhonice
Ebro
Athens
SanVito
I. U. O
bservatorio d
el Ebro, U
niversitat Ram
on Llull C
enter for Atm
ospheric Re
search, U
niversity of Massachusets Lo
well
Results: August 24, 2005
Summary of observations.
► Positive foF2 effect in Europe, negative effect in America above 40°N following the storm commencement; negative effect in Europe ~12 hours later.
► Clear ionosphere uplifting in both sectors (America & Europe).
► hmF2 uplift delay of about 1 h in America and 2 h in Europe.
► Latitudinal delay of the uplift, from higher to lower latitudes.
► TAD effects in the European sector.
IRI/COST 296 WORKSHOP; 10-14 July 2007, Prague, Czech Republic 10
I. U. O
bservatorio d
el Ebro, U
niversitat Ram
on Llull C
enter for Atm
ospheric Re
search, U
niversity of Massachusets Lo
well
Results: August 24, 2005
Geomagnetic storm impact mechanism
Prölss, 1993; Fuller-Rowell et al., 1995
IRI/COST 296 WORKSHOP; 10-14 July 2007, Prague, Czech Republic 11
• I. U
. Ob
servatorio del E
bro, Universitat R
amon Llull
• C
enter for Atm
ospheric Re
search, U
niversity of Massachusets Lo
well
Results: August 24, 2005
Geomagnetic storm impact mechanism
IRI/COST 296 WORKSHOP; 10-14 July 2007, Prague, Czech Republic 12
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22
-200
-100
0
100
200
300
-6-4-20246
SSC
UT
2.78 h from SST (+80 min)
SanVito0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22
-200
-100
0
100
200
300
1.78 h from SST (+20 min)
Ebro0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22
-200
-100
0
100
200
300
hmF2
1.53 h from SST (+5 min)
Pruhonice0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22
-200
-100
0
100
200
300
1.45 h from SST (reference)
Chilton
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22
-200
-100
0
100
200
300
2.28 h from SST (+50 min)
Athens0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22
-200
-100
0
100
200
300
1.78 h from SST (+20 min)
Grahamstown
-6-4-20246
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24
-6-4-20246
foF2
-6-4-20246
-6-4-20246
-6-4-20246
N-S disturbance propagationspeed: ~600 m/s
6 LT
12 LT
18 LT
0 LT
Aug 24, 2005 0613 UT
705030
USEU
I. U. O
bservatorio d
el Ebro, U
niversitat Ram
on Llull C
enter for Atm
ospheric Re
search, U
niversity of Massachusets Lo
well
Results: August 24, 2005
IRI/COST 296 WORKSHOP; 10-14 July 2007, Prague, Czech Republic 13
(from OVATION database)
San Vito foF2Pruhonice foF2Bjønøya Hcomp
• I. U
. Ob
servatorio del E
bro, Universitat R
amon Llull
• C
enter for Atm
ospheric Re
search, U
niversity of Massachusets Lo
well
August 24, 2005, IRI modelling
IRI/COST 296 WORKSHOP; 10-14 July 2007, Prague, Czech Republic 14
• I. U
. Ob
servatorio del E
bro, Universitat R
amon Llull
• C
enter for Atm
ospheric Re
search, U
niversity of Massachusets Lo
well
Negative storms local time dependence
IRI/COST 296 WORKSHOP; 10-14 July 2007, Prague, Czech Republic 15
0
4
8
12
16
06 LT
12 LT
18 LT
00 LT
0
4
8
12
16
Dela
y [h
our]
00 02 04 06 08 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 240
4
8
12
16
Negative storms, foF2
Dela
y [h
our]
LT
6 LT
12 LT
18 LT
0 LT
705030
All storms
• I. U
. Ob
servatorio del E
bro, Universitat R
amon Llull
• C
enter for Atm
ospheric Re
search, U
niversity of Massachusets Lo
well
Positive storms local time dependence
IRI/COST 296 WORKSHOP; 10-14 July 2007, Prague, Czech Republic 16
00 02 04 06 08 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 240
4
8
12
16
Positive storms, foF2
Dela
y [h
our]
LT
00 02 04 06 08 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 240
4
8
12
16
Negative storms, foF2
Del
ay [h
our]
LT
I. U. O
bservatorio d
el Ebro, U
niversitat Ram
on Llull C
enter for Atm
ospheric Re
search, U
niversity of Massachusets Lo
well
Concluding Remarks
► The results presented suggest that the main driver of this ionospheric response is neutral wind and composition change bulge supporting the storm development model suggested by Prölss, [1993].
► In our study we were able to reconstruct the local time dependence of the storm effects
► Other storms effects do not manifest themselves systematically (GW, + or - f0F2 effect, shock effects, … ).
► IRI model does not reproduce the observed uplifting of the ionosphere during the storm time.
► Digisonde worldwide network offers an excellent tool for studying spatial effects of the magnetic storms. It provides an
advantage of looking into the altitude distribution of the ionospheric reaction.
IRI/COST 296 WORKSHOP; 10-14 July 2007, Prague, Czech Republic 17
I. U. O
bservatorio d
el Ebro, U
niversitat Ram
on Llull
Center for A
tmospheric R
ese
arch, University of M
assachusets Low
ell
THANK YOU
IRI/COST 296 WORKSHOP; 10-14 July 2007, Prague, Czech Republic 18
I. U. O
bservatorio d
el Ebro, U
niversitat Ram
on Llull C
enter for Atm
ospheric Re
search, U
niversity of Massachusets Lo
well
Results: January 21, 2005
European sector (profiles)
IRI/COST 296 WORKSHOP; 10-14 July 2007, Prague, Czech Republic 19
I. U. O
bservatorio d
el Ebro, U
niversitat Ram
on Llull C
enter for Atm
ospheric Re
search, U
niversity of Massachusets Lo
well
Results: January 21, 2005
American sector (profiles)
IRI/COST 296 WORKSHOP; 10-14 July 2007, Prague, Czech Republic 20
I. U. O
bservatorio d
el Ebro, U
niversitat Ram
on Llull C
enter for Atm
ospheric Re
search, U
niversity of Massachusets Lo
well
Results: January 21, 2005
Uplift at both sectors SSC = 17:11 UT
IRI/COST 296 WORKSHOP; 10-14 July 2007, Prague, Czech Republic 21
I. U. O
bservatorio d
el Ebro, U
niversitat Ram
on Llull
Center for A
tmospheric R
ese
arch, University of M
assachusets Low
ell
Nivel 1.
► Nivel 2.
Nivel 3.
IRI/COST 296 WORKSHOP; 10-14 July 2007, Prague, Czech Republic 22
I. U. O
bservatorio d
el Ebro, U
niversitat Ram
on Llull
Center for A
tmospheric R
ese
arch, University of M
assachusets Low
ell
IRI/COST 296 WORKSHOP; 10-14 July 2007, Prague, Czech Republic 23
• I. U
. Ob
servatorio del E
bro, Universitat R
amon Llull
• C
enter for Atm
ospheric Re
search, U
niversity of Massachusets Lo
well
Results: May 15, 2005
IRI/COST 296 WORKSHOP; 10-14 July 2007, Prague, Czech Republic 24
Athens
I. U. O
bservatorio d
el Ebro, U
niversitat Ram
on Llull C
enter for Atm
ospheric Re
search, U
niversity of Massachusets Lo
well
Results: May 15, 2005
IRI/COST 296 WORKSHOP; 10-14 July 2007, Prague, Czech Republic 25
-9 -6 -3 0 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24 27 30 33 36 39
-10
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
6
8
10
Ascension Is.
Time from SSC
-9 -6 -3 0 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24 27 30 33 36 39
-10
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
6
8
10
Eglin
-9 -6 -3 0 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24 27 30 33 36 39
-10
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
6
8
10
Wallops Is.
-9 -6 -3 0 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24 27 30 33 36 39
-10
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
6
8
10
Boulder
-9 -6 -3 0 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24 27 30 33 36 39
-10
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
6
8
10
foF
2, [
MH
z]
May 15, 2005
Millstone Hill
-9 -6 -3 0 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24 27 30 33 36 39
-10
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
6
8
10
Pt.Stanley
-9 -6 -3 0 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24 27 30 33 36 39-10
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
6
8
10
SanVito
Time from SSC
-9 -6 -3 0 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24 27 30 33 36 39-10
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
6
8
10
Ebro
-9 -6 -3 0 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24 27 30 33 36 39-10
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
6
8
10
Pruhonice
-9 -6 -3 0 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24 27 30 33 36 39-10
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
6
8
10
Chilton
-9 -6 -3 0 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24 27 30 33 36 39-10
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
6
8
10
foF
2, [M
Hz]
May 15, 2005
Fairford
-9 -6 -3 0 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24 27 30 33 36 39-10
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
6
8
10
Grahamstown
I. U. O
bservatorio d
el Ebro, U
niversitat Ram
on Llull C
enter for Atm
ospheric Re
search, U
niversity of Massachusets Lo
well
Results: May 15, 2005
Summary of observations.
► Negative effect in both US and Europe (lat > 40°N), some positive effect at SanVito (lat < 40 °N)
► Clear ionosphere uplifting in both sectors (America & Europe). Different uplift delay (1+ h NA, 1.5+ EU).
► Latitudinal delay of the uplift, from higher to lower latitudes.
IRI/COST 296 WORKSHOP; 10-14 July 2007, Prague, Czech Republic 26
6 LT
12 LT
18 LT
0 LT
May 15, 2005 0238 UT
705030
USEU
I. U. O
bservatorio d
el Ebro, U
niversitat Ram
on Llull C
enter for Atm
ospheric Re
search, U
niversity of Massachusets Lo
well
Summary of storm observations
Storms in detail.
► 2005/08/24 (06:13 UT) Clear ionosphere uplifting in both sectors (America & Europe).
Different uplift delay (1+ h NA, 1.5+ EU). N-S uplift delay. + f0F2 effect EU, - f0F2 effect NA. GW (TAD’s) in EU, N-S propagation.
► 2005/05/15 ( 02:38 UT) Clear uplift in both sectors.
Different uplift delay (1+ h NA, 1.5+ EU). N-S uplift delay. + f0F2 effect EU (lat < 40°N), - f0F2 effect in NA & EU (lat > 40°N). GW (TAD’s) in EU (lat < 40°N).
► 2005/01/21 (17:11 UT) Clear uplift in both sectors.
Simultaneous uplift delay (1.5 - 2 h). N-S uplift delay. No clear + or - f0F2 effect. No GW.
► 2004/12/05 (07:46 UT) Weak uplift in America.
No clear N-S uplift delay (1.5 - 2 h).
► 2004/11/07 (18:27 UT) Clear uplift in both sectors.
Different uplift delay (1.5+ EU, 2+ h NA). N-S uplift delay.
► 2003/11/20 (08:03 UT) Weak uplift in both sectors (Very Strong secondary Uplift 8 +).
Different uplift delay (0.5+ h NA, 1. + EU). N-S uplift delay.
IRI/COST 296 WORKSHOP; 10-14 July 2007, Prague, Czech Republic 27
6 LT
12 LT
18 LT
0 LT
705030
Jan 21, 2005 1711 UT
6 LT
12 LT
18 LT
0 LT
May 15, 2005 0238 UT
7050306 LT
12 LT
18 LT
0 LT
Aug 24, 2005 0613 UT
705030
6 LT
12 LT
18 LT
0 LT
705030
Nov 7, 2004 1827 UT
6 LT
12 LT
18 LT
0 LT
705030
Nov 20, 2003 0803 UT
6 LT
12 LT
18 LT
0 LT
705030
Dec 05, 2004 0746 UT
• I. U
. Ob
servatorio del E
bro, Universitat R
amon Llull
• C
enter for Atm
ospheric Re
search, U
niversity of Massachusets Lo
well
Local time map
IRI/COST 296 WORKSHOP; 10-14 July 2007, Prague, Czech Republic 28
USEU
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