image corpus overview

~ 125 ~

IMAGE CORPUS OVERVIEW

The following pages represent the image corpus compiled in the course of this project. The

labeling system used is explained at the beginning of Chapter IV. Images themselves will only be

tagged with the location and number label. This label can then be used by the reader interested in

the details of a particular image to look up the image in the Master Key, given immediately following

this overview. The images are listed sequentially by number.

I would also recommend the reader examine the website that accompanies this project. Only

so much can be done in exploring a topic such as the nimbus, which is so heavily image-dependent,

through a print medium. As such, the website provides visualization of the classifications contained

in the typology tables of Chapter 4. I hope to eventually develop the website beyond this point as

well, adding in commentary and more images.

The website may be found at: http://circlesofframingandlight.wordpress.com/. The site is

currently private; at a future date, the site may be opened for public access. Until then, when you

type in the name of the website, a login window will appear that asks for a username and password.

Enter the following to access the website:

Username: nimbusguest

Password: See The Nimbus

*Note spaces and capitalization in the password.

~ 126 ~

MASTER KEY FOR THE IMAGE CORPUS

Worcester 1. Hermes Carrying the Infant Dionysos. Worcester Art Museum, Worcester, MA.

Mosaic. 350-400. Antioch. Source: Molholt (Kondeleon) 191.

Madrid 2. Missorium of Theodosius. Real Academia de la Historia, Madrid, Spain. Silver plate. 388.

Constantinople. Source: Spier 55.

Rome 3. Altar of Sol. Capitoline Museum, Rome, Italy. Stone relief. Second half of the first century

CE. Original site unknown, likely central Italy. Source: Roger Ulrich,

http://www.flickr.com/photos/roger_ulrich/6956880982/

Nea Paphos 4. Hermes holding the Infant Dionysos, surrounded by personifications. In situ, Nea

Paphos, Cyprus. Mosaic. Second quarter of the fourth century CE. Source: Michaelides Cypriot Plate

XXII.

Nea Paphos 5. Aion, Cassiopeia, Nereids. In situ, Nea Paphos, Cyprus. Mosaic. Second quarter of

the fourth century CE. Source: Michaelides Cypriot Plate XXIII.

Nea Paphos 6. Apollo and Marsyas. In situ, Nea Paphos, Cyprus. Mosaic. Second quarter of the

fourth century CE. Source: Michaelides Cypriot Plate XXIV.

Naples 7. Seated Jupiter. Naples Archaeological Museum, Naples, Italy. Inv. 9551. Wall painting.

Pompeii. 1st c. CE. Source: Roger Ulrich.

Naples 8. Ceres. Naples Archaeological Museum, Naples, Italy. Inv. 9454. Wall painting. Pompeii.

1st c. CE. Source: Roger Ulrich.

Naples 9. Apollo judging the contest between Venus and Hesperus. Naples Archaeological

Museum, Naples, Italy. Inv. 9449. Wall painting. Pompeii. 1st c. CE. Source: Roger Ulrich.

Tunis 10. Neptune and the Four Seasons. Bardo Museum, Tunis, Tunisia. Mosaic. La Chebba. 2nd c.

CE. Source:

http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Neptune_Roman_mosaic_Bardo_Museum_Tunis.jpg;

Blanchard-Lemee 132-133

Lepcis Magna 11. Aion and the Four Seasons. In situ, Lepcis Magna, Villa Selene (Silin). Mosaic.

2nd c. CE. Source: http://www.livius.org/vi-vr/villa/villa_selene1.html

Princeton 12. Drinking Contest of Dionysos and Herakles. Princeton University Art Museum,

Princeton, New Jersey. Mosaic. House of the Drinking Contest, Antioch. Early 3rd c. CE. Source:

http://artmuseum.princeton.edu/collections/objects/29551

Suweida 13. Artemis being surprised by Actaeon. Suweida Museum, Suweida, Syria. Mosaic.

Philippopolis. 3rd c. CE. Source:

http://ancienthistory.about.com/od/religionmythology/ig/Artemis/Artemis-in-the-Bath.htm

~ 127 ~

London 14. Dinos with Helios riding in a quadriga attributed to the Darius Painter. British Museum,

London, UK (Vase F305). Red-figure vase painting. Metaponto, Apulia. 340-320 BCE. Source:

http://www.britishmuseum.org/research/search_the_collection_database/search_object_details.as

px?objectId=463509&partId=1&searchText=helios+red+figure&fromADBC=ad&toADBC=ad&o

rig=%2fresearch%2fsearch_the_collection_database.aspx&numpages=10&currentPage=1

Paris 15. Triumph of Neptune and Amphitrite. Louvre Museum, Paris, France. Mosaic. Constantine

(Cirta), Algeria. 315-325 CE. Source: http://www.louvre.fr/en/oeuvre-notices/mosaic-triumph-

neptune-and-amphitrite

Timgad 16. Diana being surprised by Actaeon. Musee de Timgad, Timgad, Algeria. Mosaic.

Thamugadi. 4th c. CE. Source: http://www.flickr.com/photos/ceac/7517966308/in/set-

72157630457357538/; Dunbabin North Africa Plate VI.

Shahba 17. Venus and Mars. Shahba Museum, Shahba, Syria. Mosaic. Philippopolis. 4th c. CE.

Source: http://romeartlover.tripod.com/Philippopolis.html

Shahba 18. Dionysos and Ariadne. Shahba Museum, Shahba, Syria. Mosaic. Philippopolis. 4th c.

CE. Source: http://users.stlcc.edu/mfuller/Philippopolis.html;

http://www.theoi.com/Gallery/Z12.22.html; http://romeartlover.tripod.com/Philippopolis.html

Shahba 19. Dionysos with Satyr. Shahba Museum, Shahba, Syria. Mosaic. Philippopolis. 4th c. CE.

Source: http://users.stlcc.edu/mfuller/Philippopolis.html;

http://www.theoi.com/Gallery/Z12.16.html

Suweida 20. Toilette of Venus. Suweida Museum, Suweida, Syria. Mosaic. Philippopolis. 3rd c. CE.

Source: http://romeartlover.tripod.com/Philippopolis.html ;

http://www.flickr.com/photos/78368745@N00/2178268468

Italica 21. Mosaic of the Planets. In situ, House of the Planetarium, Italica, Spain. Mosaic. 150 CE.

Source: http://www.flickr.com/photos/carolemage/5161923255/in/set-72157625313831133

Bulla Regia 22. Marine Venus. In situ, House of Amphitrite, Bulla Regia, Tunisia. Mosaic. 3rd c.

CE. Source: http://www.flickr.com/photos/carolemage/4376558394/in/set-72157625313831133;

Dunbabin North Africa 250

Damascus 23. Prometheus, Gaia, Aeon, Seasons, and Winds. Damascus Museum, Damascus, Syria.

Mosaic. Date and Original Site unknown; likely Syria 3rd/4th c. CE. Source:

http://www.theoi.com/Gallery/Z16.4.html;

http://www.flickr.com/photos/sadsnaps/4256314562/

London 24. Calyx-krater featuring the Sun bringing the dawn. British Museum, London, UK (Vase

E466). Red-figure vase painting. Puglia (Attic production). 430 BCE. Source:

http://www.britishmuseum.org/research/search_the_collection_database/search_object_details.as

~ 128 ~

px?objectid=461618&partid=1&searchText=E466&fromADBC=ad&toADBC=ad&numpages=10

&orig=%2fresearch%2fsearch_the_collection_database.aspx&currentPage=1

Malibu 25. Loutrophoros with image of Astrape, attributed to the Painter of Louvre MNB 1148. J.

Paul Getty Museum, Malibu, California. Red-figure vase painting. Apulia. 350-340 BCE. Source:

http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/artifact?name=Malibu%2086.AE.680&object=Vase

Tunis 26. Venus on a chariot drawn by four Cupids. Bardo Museum, Tunis, Tunisia. Mosaic. House

of the Chariot of Venus, Thuburbo Majus. Second half of the 4th c. CE. Source: Ben Abed 5

Tunis 27. Dionysos with gecko and amphitheatre animals. Bardo Museum, Tunis, Tunisia. Mosaic.

El Djem. 4th c. CE. Source: Blanchard-Lemee 117.

Zeugma 28. Dionysos Triumph. Either in situ, Zeugma, Turkey, or at the Zeugma Mosaic

Museum, Gaziantep, Turkey. Mosaic. 2nd c. CE. Source: Darmon 1294.

Kyoto 29. Dionysos and Ariadne. Miho Museum, Kyoto, Japan. Mosaic. Origin Unknown,

probably Syria. 3rd/4th c. CE. Source: http://www.miho.or.jp/english/collect/collect.htm;

http://www.theoi.com/Gallery/Z12.14.html

Vatican 30. Mithras Sacrificing a Bull (Tauroctony). Pio Clementino, Vatican City (Inv. 870). Stone

relief with inscription (CIL 6.31181).Original Site Unknown, likely Italian. 3rd c. CE. Source:

http://www.flickr.com/photos/28433765@N07/7898896060/

El Djem 31. Sun, Moon, and Seasons. Museum of El Djem, El Djem, Tunisia. Mosaic. El Djem

(Thysdrus). 260-280 CE. Source: Blanchard-Lemee 38; Dunbabin North Africa 259

Catacombs 32. Sol-Christos. In situ, Vault of Tomb M, Vatican necropolis/catacombs. Mosaic. 3rd

c. CE. Source: Spier 52;

http://www.fpa.ysu.edu/~slsmith/ecbyzwebpage/Christian%20Art%20Before%20the%20Peace.ht

ml

Coin 33. Anonymous. 217-215 BC. Æ Uncia. Facing draped bust of Sol; pellet on left / ROMA

below, crescent; two stars & pellet above. Cr39/4; Syd 96; BMCRR 125 Source:

http://www.wildwinds.com/coins/sear5/s0614.html#Syd_0096

Sepphoris 34. Triumphal Procession of Dionysos. In situ, Sepphoris, Israel. Mosaic. 3rd c. CE.

Source: Weiss and Telgam 235 Bottom, Dunbabin Greek Color Image #31 Top

Emerita 35. Cosmological Mosaic. In situ, House of the Mithraeum, Emerita, Spain. Mosaic. 3rd c.

CE. Source: Dunbabin Greek 148; Lancha Plate 107

Orbe 36. Mosaic of the Planetary Deities, Detail of Luna. In situ, Orbe, Switzerland. Mosaic. 3rd c.

CE. Source: Dunbabin Greek 82, http://www.theoi.com/Gallery/Z50.1B.html

~ 129 ~

Catacombs 37. Bust of Christ. In situ, Catacomb of Commodilla, Rome. Ceiling painting. Late 4th c.

CE. Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Christ_with_beard.jpg

Naples 38. Sol/Helios/Apollo, holding sphere. Naples Archaeological Museum, Naples, Italy. Wall

painting. Pompeii. 1st c. CE. Source: http://qfwfq78.blogspot.com/2009/05/imagenes-del-

universo-iii-la-geometria.html

Dallas 39. Selene and Endymion, Volute Krater attributed to the Underworld Painter. Dallas

Museum of Art, Dallas, Texas. Red-figure vase painting. Apulia. 4th c. BCE. Source:

http://www.theoi.com/Gallery/T18.4.html

Tunis 40. Selene and Endymion. Bardo Museum, Tunis, Tunisia. Mosaic. House of the Laberii at

Oudna. 3rd c. CE. Source: Ben Abed 99, Blanchard-Lemee 242

Rome 41. Nero with Retinue. Non-extant, Domus Aurea, Rome. Wall painting. 1st c. CE. Source:

LIMC MID 3577.

Tarentum 42. Andromeda Chained. National Archaeological Museum, Tarentum, Italy. Red-figure

vase painting. Canosa di Puglia. 330-320 BCE. Source: LIMC MID 2197.

London 43. Hecate with Abduction of Persephone, Volute Krater by the Iliupersis Painter. British

Museum, London, UK (Vase F277). Red-figure vase painting. Apulia. 370-350 BCE. Source:

http://www.britishmuseum.org/research/search_the_collection_database/search_object_details.as

px?objectid=1629163&partid=1&searchText=F277&fromADBC=ad&toADBC=ad&numpages=1

0&orig=%2fresearch%2fsearch_the_collection_database.aspx&currentPage=1

Palmyra 44. Lintel with Eagles. In situ, Palmyra, Syria. Stone relief. Sanctuary of Baalshamin. 1st c.

CE. Source: Colledge Image 12

Bonn 45. Sol/Helios in Chariot surrounded by zodiac. Rheinisches Landesmuseum, Bonn,

Germany. Mosaic. Munster-Sarmsheim. 240-260 CE. Source: LIMC MID 31601;

http://www.flickr.com/photos/28433765@N07/3657280625/

Naples 46 and 47 (2 images). Helios in quadriga (on two sides of a vase), by the Darius Painter.

Red-figure vase painting. Ruvo. 330/325 BCE. Source: LIMC MID 4293

Trier 48. Helios in relief (Jupiter column). Landesmuseum Mainz, Mainz, Germany. Stone relief on

a column. Merchants’ area north of Mogontiacum. 50-75 CE (Neronian). Source: LIMC MID 2340

and http://www.livius.org/mo-mt/mogontiacum/mainz_column.html

Trier 49 and 50 (2 images). Two-sided relief of Sol and Luna. Rheinisches Landesmuseum, Trier,

Germany. Stone relief. Original site and date unknown. Source: LIMC MID 13207

Antalya 51. Luna above Artemis and Actaeon. Antalya Archaeological Museum, Antalya, Turkey.

Stone relief. Original site unknown. 200-210 CE. Source: LIMC MID 13186

~ 130 ~

London 52. Lamp with Sol and Luna. British Museum, London, UK. Terracotta. Original site and

date unknown. Source: LIMC MID 31632

London 53. Lamp with Luna. British Museum, London, UK. Terracotta. Original site and date

unknown. Source: LIMC MID 13188

London 54. Lamp with Luna. British Museum, London, UK. Terracotta. Original site and date

unknown. Source: LIMC MID 13181

Trier 55. Dionysos with Maenads. Rheinisches Landesmuseum, Trier, Germany. Mosaic. Trier.

Mid-3rd c. CE. Source: http://www.sacred-destinations.com/germany/trier-roman-museum; LIMC

MID 31080; Hoffmann 136-137

Berlin 56. Gallia. Staatliche Museen zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany. Biredjik, Turkey. Mosaic. 3rd c. CE.

Source: LIMC MID 4217;

http://books.google.com/books?id=COEsAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA476&lpg=PA476&dq=berlin+galli

a+mosaic&source=bl&ots=yJsVP0U124&sig=pJ1QUYnwWqtVLwQSLqFMMXSBjsw&hl=en&sa

=X&ei=gB5qUbCBPa224AOKrIGgDw&ved=0CDYQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=berlin%20gallia

%20mosaic&f=false

Berlin 57. Macedonia. Staatliche Museen zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany. Biredjik, Turkey. Mosaic. 3rd c.

CE. Source: LIMC MID 18780;

http://books.google.com/books?id=COEsAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA476&lpg=PA476&dq=berlin+galli

a+mosaic&source=bl&ots=yJsVP0U124&sig=pJ1QUYnwWqtVLwQSLqFMMXSBjsw&hl=en&sa

=X&ei=gB5qUbCBPa224AOKrIGgDw&ved=0CDYQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=berlin%20gallia

%20mosaic&f=false

Berlin 58. Raetia. Staatliche Museen zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany. Mosaic. Biredjik, Turkey. 3rd c. CE.

Source: LIMC MID 13606;

http://books.google.com/books?id=COEsAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA476&lpg=PA476&dq=berlin+galli

a+mosaic&source=bl&ots=yJsVP0U124&sig=pJ1QUYnwWqtVLwQSLqFMMXSBjsw&hl=en&sa

=X&ei=gB5qUbCBPa224AOKrIGgDw&ved=0CDYQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=berlin%20gallia

%20mosaic&f=false

Damascus 59. Poseidon. National Museum, Damascus, Syria. Mosaic. Original site and date

unknown. Source: LIMC MID 1605

Naples 60. Hylas. Naples Archaeological Museum, Naples, Italy (inv. 9984). Mosaic. Herculaneum

(?). 1st c. CE. Source: LIMC MID 23177;

http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Mosaic_MAN_Naples_Inv_9984.jpg

Antakya 61. Narcissus. Antakya Museum, Antakya, Turkey. Mosaic. House of Menander, Antioch.

3rd c. CE. Source: Cimok 179

~ 131 ~

Princeton 62. Apollo and Daphne. Princeton University Art Museum, Princeton, New Jersey.

Mosaic. House of Menander, Antioch. 3rd c. CE. Source: Cimok 185

Rome 63. Mithras Sacrificing a Bull. Capitoline Museum, Rome, Italy. Stone relief. Original site

unknown, likely central Italy. 2nd c. CE. Source: LIMC MID 18278

Rome 64. Helios. Capitoline Museum, Rome, Italy (inv. 2326). Stone relief. Mithraeum at Piazza

Dante. 4th c. CE. Source: LIMC MID 31022

Damascus 65. Aglibol, Allath, Baalshamin, Malakbel. National Museum, Damascus, Syria. Stone

relief. Kheurbet Leqteir,Syria. Date unknown (likely 1st/2nd c. CE). Source: LIMC MID 5374

Damascus 66. Aglibol, Baalshamin, Malakbel. National Museum, Damascus, Syria. Stone relief.

Palmyra. 50 CE. Source: LIMC MID 5370

Damascus 67. Aglibol, Malakbel, Manawat, Nemesis. National Museum, Damascus, Syria. Stone

relief. Kheurbet Ramadane, Syria. 2nd c. CE. Source: LIMC MID 5361

Palmyra 68. Head of Aglibol. Archaeological Museum, Palmyra, Syria. Stone relief. Sanctuary of

Baalshamin. 1st c. CE. Source: LIMC MID 43273

Palmyra 69. Head of Aglibol. Archaeological Museum, Palmyra, Syria. Stone relief. Sanctuary of

Baalshamin. 1st c. CE. Source: LIMC MID 43285

Damascus 70. Allath, Helios. National Museum, Damascus, Syria. Stone relief. Khirbet Ouadi

Souane, Syria. 2nd/3rd c. CE. Source: LIMC MID 25541

Damascus 71. Algibol, Bel, Beltis, Iarhibol. National Museum, Damascus, Syria. Stone relief.

Palmyra. Date Unknown. Source: LIMC MID 23957

Munich 72. Procession of the Day Krater. Staatliche Antiksammulungen, Munich, Germany. Red-

figure vase painting. Original site unknown. 4th c. BCE. Source:

http://www.theoi.com/Gallery/T19.12.html

Cleveland 73. Medea in her Chariot, Calyx-Krater attributed to the Policoro Painter. Cleveland

Museum of Art, Cleveland, Ohio. Red-figure vase painting. Lucania. 400 BCE. Source:

http://www.clevelandart.org/art/1991.1

Seville 74. Judgment of Paris. Seville Archaeological Museum, Seville, Spain. Mosaic. Casariche. 4th

c. CE. Source: http://www.flickr.com/photos/40527201@N00/5666328925/; Lancha Image 101

Cleveland 75. Satyr and Maenad Fragment. Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, Ohio. Linen and

Dyed Wool (Tapestry/weaving). Egypt. 4th c. CE. Source: http://www.clevelandart.org/art/1975.6

~ 132 ~

Naples 76. Man and Woman in Banqueting Scene. Naples Archaeological Museum, Naples, Italy

(inv. 9024). Wall painting. Herculaneum. 50-79 CE. Source:

http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Herculaneum_Fresco_001.jpg

Boston 77. Volute Krater with Helios and Chariot, resembling the Varrese Painter. Museum of Fine

Art, Boston, Massachusetts (03.804). Red-figure vase painting. Apulia. 340 BCE. Source:

http://www.mfa.org/collections/object/mixing-bowl-volute-krater-154078;

http://www.theoi.com/Gallery/T17.6.html

Arles 78. Dionysos Spilling Wine. Arles Museum, Arles, France. Mosaic. Arles. Date unknown

(likely 2nd c. CE). Source: http://www.galenfrysinger.com/roman_mosaics_arles.htm

Sparta 79. Head of Helios. Archaeological Museum, Sparta, Greece. Mosaic. Original site and date

unknown (likely imperial Roman) Source: http://www.theoi.com/Gallery/Z18.1.html

Tunis 80. Triumph of Neptune and Amphitrite. Bardo Museum, Tunis, Tunisia. Mosaic. Utica. 3rd

c. CE. Source: Image de Pierre Image 320.

Pompeii 81. Venus, Apollo, and Hesperus (identity disputed, may also be Phaethon). In situ,

Pompeii, House of M. Fabius Rufus. Wall Painting. 1st century CE. Source:

http://pompeiiinpictures.com/pompeiiinpictures/R7/7%2016%2022%20p5.htm

Unknown 82. Personifications of Cyprus and Paphos. Current location unknown. Mosaic. Original

site unknown, likely the northern portion of the eastern Mediterranean. *the mosaic is cut from a

larger scene of unknown location and came to scholarly attention only recently when the Cypriot

government intervened, although the mosaic is probably not Cypriot.* late 3rd/early 4th century CE.

Source: Michaelides “Reflections” 401

Vatican 83. Mirror featuring Eos. Museo Gregoriano Etrusco, Vatican City. Bronze with silver

inlay. Vulci. 490-480 BCE. Source: 2003 Catalog of the Vatican’s Gregorian Collection, 86 and 115.

Vatican 84. Figure of Sol/Usil. Museo Gregoriano Etrusco, Vatican City. Bronze. Roma Vecchia.

530-500 BCE. Source: 2003 Catalog of the Vatican’s Gregorian Collection, 79 and 92.

Rome 85. Hadrianic Tondo featuring the Emperor sacrificing to a statue of Apollo. In situ, Arch of

Constantine, Rome. Stone relief. *Dating is thorny. Although the roundel is Hadrianic and thus

second century CE, it is unclear whether the nimbus is original or was added when the roundel was

incorporated into the arch in the fourth century CE.* Source: Clarke Image #78.

Berlin 86. Medallion of Constantius II, Largitio scene from a chariot. Berlin, Munzkabinett der

Staatlichen Museen. Gold. Antioch. 4th c. CE (337-361). Source: Williams 58.

Coin 87. Gold Medallion of Magnentius. 350-353 CE. Source:

http://www.flickr.com/photos/antiquitiesproject/4876295168/

~ 133 ~

Palmyra 88. Dionysos reclining. In situ, Tomb of Dionysos, Palmyra. Wall Painting. 3rd c. CE.

Source: Colledge 87 and Image 118.

Tunis 89. Days of the Week/Planets. Bardo Museum, Tunis, Tunisia. Mosaic. Bir Chana. 3rd c. CE.

Source: Corpus Plate LXXXIV.

Tunis 90. Genius of the Year. Bardo Museum, Tunis, Tunisia. Mosaic. Dougga (Thugga). Mid 4th c.

CE. Source: Dunbabin North Africa 257 and LXII.

Timgad 91. Triumph of Marine Venus. Timgad Museum, Timgad, Algeria. Mosaic. Thamugadi. 2nd

c. CE (but the nimbate Venus may be from a later restoration) Source: Dunbabin North Africa Plate

LVIII, 275.

Antakya 92. Dionysos and Ariadne. Antakya Museum, Antakya, Turkey (inv. 945). Mosaic. House

of Dionysos and Ariadne, Mt. Pieria, Seleucia Pieria. Late 2nd/early 3rd c. CE. Source: Cimok 124-

127; http://www.sacred-destinations.com/turkey/antioch-museum-photos/slides/dionysos-and-

ariadne-c2-3-samandag-c-osseman

Seattle 93. Unclear god as part of procession. Seattle Art Museum, Seattle, Washington. Mosaic.

House of Menander, Antioch. 3rd/4th c. CE. Source: Cimok 177

Antakya 94. Ktisis (Foundation). Antakya Museum, Antakya, Turkey. Mosaic. House of Ge and the

Seasons, Antioch. 3rd/4th c. CE. Source: Cimok 282

Arles 95. Aion. Arles Museum, Arles, France. Mosaic. Arles. 175-200 CE. Source: Lancha Image 52

Sousse 96. Apollo and Erato. Sousse Archaeological Museum, Sousse, Tunisia. Mosaic. Sousse. 250-

300 CE. Source: Lancha Image 10

Arles 97. Oedipus and the Sphinx (?). Arles Museum, Arles, France. Mosaic. Arles. 2nd c. CE.

Source: Lancha Image 54

Madrid 98. Apollo. Madrid Archaeological Museum, Madrid, Spain. Mosaic. Villa d’Algoros

(Elche). 3rd c. CE. Source: Lancha Image 78.

Carranque 99. Bust of Diana, Unknown Female Bust in Center. In situ, Carranque Archaeological

Park, Villa of Maternus, Spain. Mosaic. 350-400 CE. Source: Lancha Image 82;

http://www.google.com/imgres?um=1&hl=en&client=firefox-a&sa=N&rls=org.mozilla:en-

US:official&biw=1680&bih=894&tbm=isch&tbnid=QGon_6hchhlI0M:&imgrefurl=http://www.gi

gapan.com/gigapans/91535.kml&docid=7ZEUNHpDJ6ylSM&imgurl=http://static.gigapan.org/gi

gapans0/91535/images/91535-500x514.jpg&w=500&h=514&ei=uio4UcuIEeqE0QGr-

YCQCw&zoom=1&ved=1t:3588,r:24,s:0,i:163&iact=rc&dur=3326&page=1&tbnh=183&tbnw=19

3&start=0&ndsp=31&tx=76&ty=60 .

El Djem 100. Apollo with a young woman. El Djem Archaeological Museum, El Djem, Tunisia.

Mosaic. El Djem. 3rd c. CE. Source: Blanchard-Lemee 232

~ 134 ~

El Djem 101. Selene and Endymion. El Djem Archaeological Museum, El Djem, Tunisia. Mosaic.

El Djem. 3rd c. CE. Source: Ben Abed 122-123.

Bignor 102. Bust of Venus. In situ, Bignor, Sussex, UK. Mosaic. Early 4th c. CE. Source: Neal and

Cosh Vol. III 493

Brantingham 103 and 104 (2 images). Disputed subject (many busts of female figures). Both in

situ, Brantingham, Yorkshire, UK, and in the Hull and East Riding Museum. Mosaic. Mid-4th c. CE.

Source: Neal and Cosh Vol. I 326-329

Geneva 105. Largitio plate of Valentinian I or II. Musee d’Art, Geneva, Switzerland. Silver. Lone

find near River Arve near Geneva. 4th c. CE. Source: Leader-Newby 24

Hammath Tiberias 106. Helios with Torah shrine and zodiac wheel. In situ, Hammath Tiberias,

Israel. Mosaic. 4th c. CE. Source: Spier 36

Trier 107. Woman with jewelry box. Bischofliches dom-und-Diozesanmuseum, Trier, Germany.

Ceiling painting. Royal residence at Trier. 320 CE. Source: Spier 54

London 108. Portrait busts of man and woman, possibly Adonis and Venus. Victoria and Albert

Museum, London, UK. Textile. Akhmin, Egypt. 4th-5th c. CE. Source: Spier 60.

Rome 109 and 110 (2 images). Traditio legis scene with Christ. In situ, Santa Costanza, Rome.

Apse mosaic. 350 CE. Source: Spier 86 and 95

Rome 111. Christ presents the keys to Peter. In situ, Santa Costanza, Rome. Apse mosaic. 350 CE.

Source: Spier 96

Sabratha 112. Deified Marcus Aurelius. Non-extant, western apse, Temple of Hercules, Sabratha,

Libya. Apse painting. 180-190 CE. Source: Spier 98

Toledo 113. Traditio Legis Scene. Toledo Museum of Art, Toledo, Ohio (1967.12). Gold glass.

Rome. Late 4th c. CE. Source: Spier 243

Milan 114 and 115 (2 images). Reliquary with Old and New Testament Scenes. Museo Diocesano,

Milan, Italy (MD 2004.115.001). Silver with gilding. Northern Italy. Late 4th c. CE. Source: Spier 259-

263.

St. Petersburg 116. Largitio bowl with mounted emperor. Hermitage Museum, St. Petersburg,

Russia. Silver. Kerch. 4th c. CE. Source: Leader-Newby 22.

Vatican 117. Mirror with Nethuns, Usil, and Thesan. Museo Gregoriano Etrusco, Vatican City.

Bronze. Tuscania. 350 BCE. Source: De Grummond 142.

Essen 118. Mirror with Head of Thesan. Museum Folkwang, Essen, Germany. Bronze. Original Site

Unknown (but likely central/northern Italy). 325-300 BCE. Source: De Grummond 108

~ 135 ~

Tolmeitha 119. Orpheus and the animals. Ptolemais Museum, Tolmeitha, Libya. Mosaic.

Tolmeta/Ptolemais. 4th c. CE. Source: Harrison Plate 1;

http://members.virtualtourist.com/m/p/m/162366/

Gaziantep 120. Dionysos and Ariadne. Zeugma Mosaic Museum, Gaziantep, Turkey. Mosaic.

Zeugma. 2nd/3rd c. CE. *This mosaic has been stolen and was not recovered.* Source:

http://www.artnet.com/magazine/features/acar/acar8-29-2.asp

Gaziantep 121. Dionysos. Zeugma Mosaic Museum, Gaziantep, Turkey. Mosaic. Zeugma. 2nd/3rd c.

CE. Source: http://www.travelphotoreport.com/2012/10/08/gypsy-girl-zeugma-mosaic-museum-

gaziantep/img_3233/

Hamburg 122. Helios in a quadriga. Hamburg Museum für Kunst & Gewerbe, Hamburg,

Germany. Red-figure vase painting. Apulia. 350-340 BCE. Source:

http://www.flickr.com/photos/28433765@N07/6989862430/in/photostream/

Marino 123. Tauroctony of Mithras, with Sol and Luna above. Mithraeum of Marino, Italy, in situ.

Wall painting. 2nd c. CE. Source:

http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Fresque_Mithraeum_Marino.jpg

~ 136 ~

APPENDIX

IMAGE CORPUS

~ 137 ~

Worcester 1

~ 138 ~

Madrid 2

~ 139 ~

Rome 3

~ 140 ~

Nea Paphos 4

~ 141 ~

Nea Paphos 5

~ 142 ~

Nea Paphos 6

~ 143 ~

Naples 7

~ 144 ~

Naples 8

~ 145 ~

Naples 9

~ 146 ~

Tunis 10

~ 147 ~

Lepcis Magna 11

~ 148 ~

Princeton 12

~ 149 ~

Suweida 13

~ 150 ~

London 14

~ 151 ~

Paris 15

~ 152 ~

Timgad 16

~ 153 ~

Shahba 17

~ 154 ~

Shahba 18

~ 155 ~

Shahba 19

~ 156 ~

Suweida 20

~ 157 ~

Italica 21

~ 158 ~

Bulla Regia 22

~ 159 ~

Damascus 23

~ 160 ~

London 24

~ 161 ~

Malibu 25

~ 162 ~

Tunis 26

~ 163 ~

Tunis 27

~ 164 ~

Zeugma 28

~ 165 ~

Kyoto 29

~ 166 ~

Vatican 30

~ 167 ~

El Djem 31

~ 168 ~

Catacombs 32

~ 169 ~

Coin 33

~ 170 ~

Sepphoris 34

~ 171 ~

Emerita 35

~ 172 ~

Orbe 36

~ 173 ~

Catacombs 37

~ 174 ~

Naples 38

~ 175 ~

Dallas 39

~ 176 ~

Tunis 40

~ 177 ~

Rome 41

~ 178 ~

Tarentum 42

~ 179 ~

London 43

Palymra 44

~ 180 ~

Bonn 45

~ 181 ~

Naples 46

~ 182 ~

Naples 47

~ 183 ~

Trier 48

~ 184 ~

Trier 49

~ 185 ~

Trier 50

~ 186 ~

Antalya 51

~ 187 ~

London 52

~ 188 ~

London 53

~ 189 ~

London 54

~ 190 ~

Trier 55

~ 191 ~

Berlin 56

~ 192 ~

Berlin 57

~ 193 ~

Berlin 58

~ 194 ~

Damascus 59

~ 195 ~

Naples 60

~ 196 ~

Antakya 61

~ 197 ~

Princeton 62

~ 198 ~

Rome 63

~ 199 ~

Rome 64

~ 200 ~

Damascus 65

~ 201 ~

Damascus 66

~ 202 ~

Damascus 67

~ 203 ~

Palmyra 68

~ 204 ~

Palmyra 69

~ 205 ~

Damascus 70

~ 206 ~

Damascus 71

~ 207 ~

Munich 72

~ 208 ~

Cleveland 73

~ 209 ~

Seville 74

~ 210 ~

Cleveland 75

~ 211 ~

Naples 76

~ 212 ~

Boston 77

~ 213 ~

Arles 78

~ 214 ~

Sparta 79

~ 215 ~

Tunis 80

~ 216 ~

Pompeii 81

~ 217 ~

Unknown 82

~ 218 ~

Vatican 83

~ 219 ~

Vatican 84

~ 220 ~

Rome 85

~ 221 ~

Berlin 86

Coin 87

~ 222 ~

Palmyra 88

~ 223 ~

Tunis 89

~ 224 ~

Tunis 90

~ 225 ~

Timgad 91

~ 226 ~

Antakya 92

~ 227 ~

Seattle 93

~ 228 ~

Antakya 94

~ 229 ~

Arles 95

~ 230 ~

Sousse 96

~ 231 ~

Arles 97

~ 232 ~

Madrid 98

~ 233 ~

Carranque 99

~ 234 ~

El Djem 100

~ 235 ~

El Djem 101

~ 236 ~

Bignor 102

~ 237 ~

Brantingham 103

~ 238 ~

Brantingham 104

~ 239 ~

Geneva 105

~ 240 ~

Hammath Tiberias 106

~ 241 ~

Trier 107

~ 242 ~

London 108

~ 243 ~

Rome 109

~ 244 ~

Rome 110

~ 245 ~

Rome 111

~ 246 ~

Sabratha 112

~ 247 ~

Toledo 113

~ 248 ~

Milan 114

~ 249 ~

Milan 115

~ 250 ~

St. Petersburg 116

~ 251 ~

Vatican 117

~ 252 ~

Essen 118

~ 253 ~

Tolmeitha 119

~ 254 ~

Gaziantep 120

~ 255 ~

Gaziantep 121

~ 256 ~

Hamburg 122

~ 257 ~

Marino 123