in focused deterrence initiatives - jrsa - home · january 24, 2018. dr. tracey rizzuto . associate...
Post on 28-Jul-2020
4 Views
Preview:
TRANSCRIPT
-
Using Social Network Analysisin Focused Deterrence Initiatives
Presented toJustice Research and Statistics Association
January 24, 2018
Dr. Tracey RizzutoAssociate Director
School of Human Resource Education and Workforce Development
-
• Actors (e.g., a group or gang members)
• Ties (e.g., involvement in a common criminal incident)
Note: Role (offender/victim) not often differentiated.
Social Networks & Criminal Webs
-
Linkage Vs. Social Network Maps
-
OJJDP Community Violence
Unfunded – 2011Funded- 2012
2012-BRAVE Project Director
-Consult D. Kennedy, NNSC
-LSU Research Partner
- Exxon-Mobile Industrial Partner
-Chief Fealey, Officer Training
-1st Community Engagement Meeting
-Service Provider Network formed
-Living Faith press conference
-Univ. of Cincinnati training
2013-OJJDP grant expansion
-Byrne Criminal Justice Innovation (BCJI) awarded
- City of Milwaukee training
2014-NNSC training
-Project Safe Neighborhood (PSN) expansion
-”Cops & Clergy” training
2015-IDP training-Crime Strategies Unit (CSU) introduced
New Form
New Norm
2016-18-Community building & relationship formation-Project Safe Neighborhoods (PSN) - Youth Gun Accident Prevention & Wellness Promotion
Baton Rouge Area Violence Elimination (BRAVE)
-
Focused Deterrence“Pulling levers”
Show that the cost of crime outweighs the benefits. (Zimring & Hawkins, 1973)
• Identify the primary crime and target offenders.
• Communicate these messages:o You are targeted by the initiative.
Here’s why…o Levers are in place. They are…o Community imperative:
Crime must stop!
• “Pull levers” that:o sanction target offenders and their groupso offer preventative services/resources
• Convene an interagency team.
-
Focused Deterrenceaided by Social Network Analysis
Show that the cost of crime outweighs the benefits. (Zimring & Hawkins, 1973)
1. Identify the primary crime and target offenders
2. Communicate these messagesYou are targeted by the initiative. Here’s why…Levers are in place. They are…Community imperative: Crime must stop!
3. “Pull levers” that:sanction target offenders and their groupsservice
4. Convene an interagency team.
-
SNA Terms & ConceptsNetworks are comprised of…
(2) Types of Actors:Egos (focal actors) who are connected to Alters by one or more types of interdependencies (ties).• E.g., friendship, kinship, common incidents,
financial or information exchange, or relationships of beliefs, knowledge or prestige.
Criminal incident links people to an event, place and/or time.
Social Network Analysis (SNA)= • Analytics about the network of actors linked to incidents• Graphic depiction of the network of actors linked to incidents
Me
Spouse
Friend
Co-worker
Super-visor
-
Whole (“Complete”) Networks• For defined populations.
Rare in crime mapping.
• Contains information about o actual and potential ties
• Snow ball samplingo “Who else do you know in this
gang?”
• Inclusive population censuso Historical records
Joe Bonanno
Carmen Celante
Lucky Luciano Francisco
Costiglia
Giuseppe Profaci
-
• More common in crime mapping• Ties from egos (targets) to their alters.
E.g.1, John is a group-member with 6 criminal associates
Note: Ties are UNDIRECTED.
Ego NetworksE.g., 1
-
E.g.2, John is a group-member who sells narcotics to 6 criminal associates
Note: Ties can be DIRECTED to illustrate flow of resources.
Ego NetworksE.g., 2
-
E.g.3, Ego can also be a target group with 6 criminal incidents
Ego NetworksE.g., 3
-
Focused Deterrenceaided by Social Network Analysis
Show that the cost of crime outweighs the benefits. (Zimring & Hawkins, 1973)
1. Identify the primary crime and target offenders
2. Communicate these messagesYou are targeted by the initiative. Here’s why…Levers are in place. They are…Community imperative: Crime must stop!
3. “Pull levers” that:sanction target offenders and their groupsservice
4. Convene an interagency team.
The NeedThe MethodThe Proof
-
Among the Top 25 “Most Dangerous Cities”
in the U.S.- Business Insider, 2012
60% Group Member Involved
1. Identify Target OffendersThe NeedThe MethodThe Proof
What are the groups?Who are the members?
-
1. Identify Target OffendersThe NeedThe MethodWhich groups/associates Homicide ReviewGroup Audit
The Proof
Who is committing violence?Is it gang-related?Are these people
operating as a group?
-
1. Identify Target OffendersThe NeedThe MethodWhich groups/associates Homicide ReviewGroup AuditSocial network analysis of associates, potential members, and conflicts/collaborations
The Proof
Blocks = people linked by violenceDirected Line=violent offense against someoneColor=group member
Insight:• Potential members• Potential informants
-
1. Identify Target OffendersThe NeedThe MethodWhich groups/associates Homicide ReviewGroup AuditSocial network analysis of associates, potential members, and conflicts/collaborations
The Proof
Blocks = people linked by violenceDirected Line=violent offense against someoneColor=group member
Insight:• Potential members• Potential informants• Potential new groups/clusters
-
1. Identify Target OffendersThe NeedThe MethodWhich groups/associates Homicide ReviewGroup AuditSocial network analysis of associates, potential members, and conflicts/collaborations
The Proof
Insight:• Which groups are active
(or are about to be)
Conflict/Collaboration
-
1. Identify Target OffendersEvaluative Uses
1. Increases/Decreases in group-related violence over time
2. Increases/Decreases in group-on-group violence over time
3. Coupled with GIS, increases/decreases in group activity in target areas
The NeedThe MethodThe Proof
-
2. Communicate Message
• Aiding Call-ins and Custom Notifications
The NeedThe MethodThe Proof
-
Differences in…• Violence• Influence• Power
Group NetworkCircle = OffenderLine = Violent incident
3
2
2
1
The NeedThe MethodThe Proof
2. Communicate Message
-
Differences in…• Violence• Influence• Power
Group NetworkCircle = OffenderLine = Violent incident
3
2
2
1
3 3
2
2
2
1
1
The NeedThe MethodThe Proof
2. Communicate Message
-
Differences in…• Violence• Influence• Power
Group NetworkCircle = OffenderLine = Violent incident
3
2
2
1
Influencer
The NeedThe MethodThe Proof
2. Communicate Message
-
Differences in…• Violence• Influence• Power
Group NetworkCircle = OffenderLine = Violent incident
3
2
2
1
Mastrobuoni, G. & Patacchini, E. (2012). Organized Crime Networks. Review of Network Economics, 11 (3)
Power
2. Communicate MessageThe NeedThe MethodThe Proof
-
3. Communicate & Pull LeversEvaluative Uses
• Track pre-to-post declines in criminal activity among Call-in participants
The NeedThe MethodThe Proof
-
Evaluative Uses• Track pre-to-post declines in criminal activity
among the associates of Call-in participants
The NeedThe MethodThe Proof
3. Communicate & Pull Levers
-
4. Convene a TeamThe NeedThe MethodThe Proof
Complex social problems require multi-sector collaboration (Kania & Kramer, 2011).
-
The NeedThe MethodThe Proof
4. Convene a Team
-
4. Convene a TeamThe NeedThe MethodThe Proof
-
4. Convene a TeamThe NeedThe MethodThe Proof
-
The NeedThe MethodThe Proof
4. Convene a Team
Rizzuto, Brown & Singh (under review)
-
4. Convene a Team
Evaluative Uses• A picture says a 1000
words!
• Metrics to tracko Growth in ties
(collaborations) per partner over time
o Growth in average ties (collaborations) across the initiative
o Collaborative density over time
The NeedThe MethodThe Proof
2014
2016
-
Social Media* o Facebooko Instagramo Youtubeo Snapchat*with caution
Where to find networks?
Jerrika Harvey Nicosha Henry
Jebria LeeAshlee AugustusTyja Dixon
Keiara Lee Miracle Green
Dantonio Lee
Chelsea DixonTyesha FollinsZhane JenkinsTerriqua Jones
Dimecia WilliamsMikiara Williams
Khalilah Jenkins
Tundra Applewhite
Derita Gray
Taylin Johnson
Coriel Jenkins
Kenosha Gray
Ebony WilliamsJaquinta Brady
Frank Hooks
Heather Domino
Legend
KA
KA & Social Media
Social Media
Archiveso Criminal incident
reportso National
Integrated Ballistics Information System (NIBIN)
o Jailhouse call data
Jerrika Harvey
Nicosha Henry
Jebria Lee
Ashlee Augustus
Tyja Dixon
Keiara Lee
Miracle Green
Dantonio Lee
Chelsea Dixon
Tyesha Follins
Zhane Jenkins
Terriqua Jones
Dimecia Williams
Mikiara Williams
Khalilah Jenkins
Tundra Applewhite
Derita Gray
Taylin Johnson
Coriel Jenkins
Kenosha Gray
Ebony Williams
Jaquinta Brady
Frank Hooks
Heather Domino
Legend
KA
KA & Social Media
Social Media
-
THANK YOU!Dr. Tracey Rizzuto
School of Human Resource Education and Workforce Development
trizzut@lsu.edu
37
Slide Number 1Social Networks & Criminal WebsSlide Number 3Slide Number 4Slide Number 5Slide Number 6Slide Number 7Slide Number 8Focused Deterrence�“Pulling levers”Focused Deterrence�aided by Social Network AnalysisSNA Terms & ConceptsWhole (“Complete”) NetworksEgo Networks�E.g., 1Slide Number 14Ego Networks�E.g., 3Focused Deterrence�aided by Social Network AnalysisSlide Number 171. Identify Target Offenders1. Identify Target Offenders1. Identify Target Offenders1. Identify Target Offenders1. Identify Target Offenders2. Communicate MessageSlide Number 24Slide Number 25Slide Number 26Slide Number 273. Communicate & Pull LeversSlide Number 294. Convene a Team4. Convene a Team4. Convene a Team4. Convene a Team4. Convene a Team4. Convene a TeamWhere to find networks?THANK YOU!
top related