indonesia.report

PILIPINAS SA

TIMOG-SILANGANG ASYA Tagapag-ulat:

EVE ANTONIO-PUNAN

INDONESIA » The name Indonesia derives from the Greek

words Indós and nèsos, which means "island".

» There are 17,000 islands,8,844 islands have been named according to estimates

with 6000 of those permanently

inhabited and about 1,000 are

permanently settled.

• Indonesia has the world’s fourth largest population after China, India and the United States, with 252 Million population,

• 34 provinces

• gold and silver massa (emas is the modern Indonesian word for "gold")

• Dutch Colonial money

• Gulden – Japanese occupation currency Invasion local money

• One Rupiah, First issue in 1945

* 1 Indonesian Rupiah = 0.0034 Phil.Peso

OFFICIAL IDEOLOGY: PANCASILA

Five Principles: monotheism

humanitarianism

nationalism

democracy

social justice

Major characteristics of PANCASILA are its rejection to :

• POVERTY,

• BACKWARDNESS,

• CONFLICTS,

• EXPLOITATION,

• CAPITALISM FEUDALISM, DICTATORSHIP,

• COLONIALISM, AND

• IMPERIALISM

• The government supported by a large number of seminars and training sessions held regularly, most often annually, particularly among the circles of the government employees.

• The students demanded that the New Order government pay attention to supporting the needs of Indonesian youth and to promoting their aspirations for progressive and developed Indonesia. To stabilize the country, Suharto kept reminding the youth of Indonesia of the outside threats of alien culture that would eventually lead to losing Indonesian national identity.

Five Principles: monotheism

• Indonesia is strict when it comes to religion. The government only recognizes six religions – Islam, Hinduism, Buddhism, Protestantism, Catholicism, and Confucianism – and every citizen must officially subscribe to one of those religions, regardless of what he or she may actually believe.

• Two individuals with different religions are not allowed to marry, unless one of them converts

• Indonesia gain the full adult status through marriage. Even homosexual has great family pressure to marry

• Divorce and re-marriage are diverse

• Some society also practice levirate

• 253, 6099, 643 growth rate

• 17.04/1000 birth rate

• 25.16/1000 infant mortality rate

Five Principles:

»HUMANITARIANISM

»NATIONALISM

humanitarianism • The United States Department of State’s

Human Rights Report for 2003 (issued in February 2004) rates the Indonesian government’s human rights record is “poor” and notes that Indonesia has “continued to commit serious abuses.”

EDUCATION

• Indonesia has 12 year public and private education system

• Grade 1-6 primary

• Grade 7-9 junior high school

• Grade 10-12 senior high school

• Schooling is compulsory at the primary since 1993 but junior high and senior high school is optional

• Adult literacy 88.5 percent

• Pancasila is offered in Civic Education

• Most religious school emphasize islamic values and thoughts.

• There are some 1, 643 institutions of higher education

CULTURE

• Suharto as well as his advisers claimed that national stability could be achieved by adhering to their beliefs in nationalism and Indonesia’s own traditional heritage

• It was important for Suharto to keep a sense of origin and tradition in order to achieve national stability, including the development of the younger generation.

The Beautiful Indonesia in Miniature Park

• Commonly known as TAMAN MINI was constructed by Yayasan Harapan Kita (Our Hope Foundation) which was chaired by Mrs Suharto. The project cost 10.5 billion Rupiah or 25 Million US dollars

“Whatever happens, I won’t retreat an inch! • Suharto strongly believed that creating a

modern Indonesia can only be accomplished by retaining its own identity. Suharto wanted the people to become modern as long as they retained their traditional cultural identity.

Suharto built the monument Lubang Buaya to commemorate the establishment of the new regime that aimed to bring harmony and unity and then he instructed the Minister of Education and Culture to revise school nooks in order to emphasize the instability of the previous rule , thereby using education as a tool to strengthen the nationalistic sentiment and fortify nationality unity.

Taman MINI

JAVA

BACK CLOTH

Lombok brooch

Hindu trinity Shiva, Vishnu and Shiva

Textile and dESIGNS: Sun

symbolizes the wearer usually a warrior in upper

world.

Aso (dog-dragon) powers of protection

Lampung ship cloth transition from one stage

of life to the other. The role

of water ways in the island’s

history

Ulos The gift from bride to

thegroom

Palembang – batik textile with gold thread work for chief role

Adu – protector from enemy

Tavu – ancestral figure it is the identity of the deceased.

Enggano: The slain enemy

Wayang Kulit, or shadow puppets

BURUBUDOR TEMPLE

• The magnificent Borobudur temple is the world’s biggest Buddhist monument, an ancient site widely considered to be one of the world’s seven wonders. Built in the 9th century during the reign of the Syailendra dynasty, the temple’s design in Gupta architecture reflects India's influence on the region

Five Principles:

»DEMOCRACY

»SOCIAL JUSTICE

GOVERNMENT AND POLITICS

• “Proclamation of Indonesian Independence” signed by Sukarno-Hatta - 1945

nationalism • Indonesia Raya The National Anthem of

Indonesia since the proclamation of independence of the Republic of Indonesia on 17th of August, 1945. The song was introduced by its composer Wage Rudolf Supratman, on 28 October 1928 during the Second Indonesia Youth Congress in Batavia

CORRUPTION • Corruption has been in existence in Indonesia

since ancient times. Before European colonization , merchants who come to Indonesia to trade have to pay tribute to the ruler of the state he visited, as a guarantee that he would protect by the ruler.

• During the Dutch colonial period, corruption is made worse by the action of Dutch officials, who are encouraged to become corrupt due to their low salaries.

• After the independence in 1945, corruption decreased for a short period, due to nationalistic fervor and policies made by early Indonesian government to create professional bureaucracy.

• After 1955, corruption increased again due to the increasing need of political parties to seek spoils and reward supporters and also due to the abolishment of democratic rule by President Sukarno in 1959

• Corruption grew even worse after General Suharto took over power from Sukarno in 1966. Suharto distributed state resources to family members and other cronies ( Cukong relationship- relationship between ethnic Chinese businessmen and native Indonesian civil and military officers)

Impacts

• Barriers for newly started businesses with little political connections.

• Almost all leading politicians were able to become successful because they built relationship with former president Suharto and other leading government officials.

• Many commentators have concluded that Indonesia has a culture that tolerates corruption (budaya korupsi)

• Corruption has destroyed confidence among citizens toward government officials and bureaucrats

• Increase in crime rates, decline social solidarity and increasing use of violence

Presidents Sukarno 1945-1967

• The first president of Indonesia

• He was the leader of his country’s struggle for independence from Neatherlands.

• “Old Order”

• Guided Democracy

• Twenty years after he was appointed as President of Indonesia, Sukarno falls down from his power.

• Sukarno made a political movement to unite all Indonesian political power by putting forward three attempts

1. Creating the strong feeling of opposition to colonialism-imperialism (nekolim)

2. Strengthen National love, cherish and appreciation of Pancasila as Indonesian state ideology

3. Creating a new political attempt to unite all ideologies in Indonesia by coining NASAKOM

( Nationalisme, Agama, Komunis)

Suharto 1967- 1998

“ New Order” • National Identity • Suharto linked

political leadership to family leadership by presented the Indonesia society as a big family, of which he was the head and guiding father

• Compare to previous government Suharto’s policies increased the standard of living of the average Indonesian. The oil boom in the early seventies increased the national income. Foreign investors began to invest in Indonesia political stability and s “low-wage-home for their capital” provided incentive for long term projects. Suharto was able to put forward a national ideology PANCASILA as form of leadership and appropriates it as the reflection of the state and society.

BACHARUDDIN JUSUF HABIBE 1998-1999

• “ Begin at the End and End at the Beginning”

• He formed a special commision on corruption , Adnan Buyung Nasution was invited to chair the investigation

• Habibie government declared that Suharto had gained his wealth through corruption

• He also forbids the term pribuni and non-pribuni to differentiate indigenous and non-indigenous Indonesians.

Abdurrahman wahid 1999-2001

• Two administrative Reform

• First – Abolish the Ministry of Information

• Senond – Disband the Ministry of Welfare which become corrupt under the Suharto regime

Diah permata megawati setiawati sukarnoputri

megawati 2001-2004 • The only Female president

• Investigate for corruption and extraordinary high bank account

• First woman elected in her own right as head of state in a Muslim nation.

• He never attended the inauguration on Yudhoyono

SuSilo bambang Yudhoyono 2004- 2014

• Four of his cabinet appointees were female

• Five Military cabinet

• Led Indonesia into free trade agreement with Japan

• Commented Pope Benedict as “unwise and Inappropriate ”

JOKO widodo “jokowi”

• “Lelang Jabatan” (literally auction of office position

• Healthy Jakarta Card

• Jakarta MRT

• E-catalog, e-budgetting

IN THE PHILIPPINES:

• Widodo signed the agreement last Feb. 9 2015 in combating drug trafficking, technical vocational training, cooperation in education research training, mutual interest to protect migrants.

• “The cooperation is imminent in people-to-people contact.The exchange of students, teachers will be beneficial”