inheritance / transfer of an1bodies fitness wild mammals · tanja hasler and sebas.an schneider 1st...

Inheritance/TransferofAn1bodiesFitness

WildMammals

TanjaHaslerandSebas.anSchneider1stDecember2015

Programme

•  Mainpaper:FitnessCorrelatesofHeritableVaria.oninAn.bodyResponsivenessinaWildMammalGrahamA.L.etal.(2010)

•  Secondpaper:Maternaltransferofan.bodies:raisingimmuno-ecologyissuesBoulinierT.andStaszewskiV.(2007)

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MainPaper:FitnessCorrelatesofHeritableVaria.oninAn.bodyResponsivenessinWild

MammalGrahamA.L.etal.(2010)

VillageBay,IslandofHirta(St.Kildaarchipelago)

1930:popula.onleY1932:107Soaysheepreintroduced,unmanagedpopula.on1959–1968,1985–present:twoperiodsofintensivestudy

4h^ps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St_Kilda,_Scotland

VillageBay,IslandofHirta(St.Kildaarchipelago)

5(www.privateislandnews.com)

TheSoaySheep

Crashesofthepopula.ondueto-highsheepdensi.es-wetandwindywinterweather-highnematodeparasiteburdens

Descendantsofdomes.csheep

àneedoffunc.onalimmunesystem

6h^ps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soay_sheep

h^ps://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soayschaf

Whatwasassessedandwhy?

What?•  Theassocia.onsinthewildamong– An.bodyresponses–  Survival–  Traitsassociatedwithreproduc.vesuccess.

Why?•  Autoimmunityisknownonlyinpeopleandlaboratory,domes.corcap.vemammals

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Thethreepartsoftheinves.ga.on

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• MeasurementofANAinthebloodplasmaofSoaysheep

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• Assessmentofoverallan.bodyrepertoireinANA-posi.vesheep

3

• Examina.onoftheassocia.onsbetweenANAsanddifferentcomponentsoffitness

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WhatisANA?

•  An.nuclearan.bodies

•  Normallyonlyrecogni.onofforeignmaterialàselftolerance

•  Indicatorforcelldivisionrateandan.bodyproduc.onbyb-cellsandbloodplasmacells

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ANA

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(Xuetal.,2013)

StructureofANA

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(h^p://www.novimmune.com/science/an.bodies.html)

ANAposi.vity

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Results1MeasurementofANAinthebloodplasmaofSoaysheep•  11%ANAposi.ve–  Females27.8%ANAposi.ve– Males14.6%ANAposi.ve–  (sexdifferencenotsignificantinsub-adultclasses)

•  Animalswithfoodlimitandhighparasitedependencecans.llexperienceself-directedan.bodyresponses

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Results2

Assessmentofoverallan.bodyrepertoireinANA-posi.vesheep

•  Assayofdifferentan.bodies:–  Ribonucleoprotein-specifican.bodies–  allan.bodyisotypesspecifictoTeladorsagiacircumcincta–  totalplasmaimmunoglobinG

•  Allan.bodiesposi.velycorrelatedwithANA

•  Sugges.on:ANAconcentra.onmayreflectgeneralan.bodyresponsiveness

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Results2

AssessmentofrelatednessamongindividualsContribu.onofaddi.vegene.cfactorstovaria.on:Among-individualvaria.oninANAconcentra.onaccountedfor37.4%ofthetotalvarianceà  1/3ofamong-individualvaria.onisgene.callybased.

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Results3

Associa.onbetweenANAandfitness-parameters

•  Noass.withsurvivaloflambsoryearlingsànotafocusofstudy

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Excursus:Popula.onDynamics

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DependencyANA-Age

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Discussion

•  Supportstheorythatinvestmentsinimmunitylengthenslifespan(innon-laboratoryenvironment)

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Discussion

MalesaboveANA-posi.vitythresholdlesslikelysiredanyoffspring

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Discussion

ProbabilityofamalesiringatleastoneoffspringdecreaseswiththeincreaseofANAOD.

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Discussion

FemalesaboveANA-posi.vitythreshold-lesslikelyproducedalamb-morelikelyhaveatleastonesurvivinglamb

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Discussion

WithincreaseofANAOD-probabilityofafemalebreedingdecreases-probabilityofoffspringsurvivalincreases

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Conclusion•  Resultsofstudysupporttheorythatinvestmentsinimmunitylengthenslifespan(innon-laboratoryenvironment)

•  WiththeincreaseofANAà– Maleannualbreedingsuccessdeclined–  Femalefecunditydeclined– Offspringsurvivalamongbreedingfemalesincreased

•  HighANAconcentra.onà–  reducedfecundityinbothsexes

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SecondPaper:Maternaltransferofan.bodies:raisingimmuno-ecologyissues

BoulinierT.&StaszewskiV.(2007)

Topics

•  Maternaltransferofan.bodies– Physiology– Poten.aladap.vevalue– Sourcesofvaria.onintransfer– Costs– Sexualselec.onandtransfer– Ecologicalandepidemiologicalimplica.ons

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Transferofmaternalan.bodiesinmice

Viamilkand/oryolksac?

•  IgG1:onlyviamilk•  IgG2:mainlyviamilk,par.allyviayolksac•  IgG3:mainlyviayolksac,par.allyviamilk

(yolksac=dt.Do^ersack)

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Group Deliveringmother Fosteringmother

1 Infected Infected

2 Non-inf. Infected

3 Infected Non-inf.

4 Non-Inf. Non-Inf.

(Morshedetal.,1993)

Poten.aladap.vevalue:Effectonoffspringgrowthofgreat.ts

28(Heebetal.,1998)

Posi.veeffectonnestlinggrowthratewhenbirdswereexposedtofleasduringegglaying.

great.t=dt.Kohlmeise

SourcesofVaria.oninTransferofAn.bodies

•  Gene.ceffects

•  Environmentaleffects– Density,exposure–  Timingofexposure– Nutri.on

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CostofTransfer

•  Largedrainofmaternalan.bodiesinsomecasesàCost

•  Eg.:Matureheneggcontains10–20%ofsteadystatehenlgYlevel

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CostofTransfer

(Kowalczyk,K.etal.,1985)31

Sexualselec.onandtransferofan.bodies

•  Motherstransmitan.bodies,notfathers

•  Femalesmayhavecuetoshowhighan.bodyavailabilityintheirsystem

•  Highan.bodiescountisnotalwaysagoodsign

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Ecologicalandepidemiologicalimplica.ons

•  Helpsoffspringgetaan.bodiestoonlyparasitestheyneed(environment),importantinhighlyinfectedpopula.ons(densepopula.ons)

•  Passiveimmunitythroughmaternaltransmissionmayanimportanteffectoftheevolu.onofdiseaseresistanceandparasitevirulence

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Literature•  Boulinier,T.,Staszewski,V.(2008).Maternaltransferofan.bodies:raisingimmuno-ecologyissues.TrendsinEcology

&Evolu2on,23(5),282-288.

•  Gasparini,J.,McCoy,K.D.,Haussy,C.,Tveraa,T.,&Boulinier,T.(2001).InducedmaternalresponsetotheLymediseasespirochaeteBorreliaburgdorferisensulatoinacolonialseabird,thekipwakeRissatridactyla.ProceedingsoftheRoyalSocietyofLondonB:BiologicalSciences,268(1467),647-650.

•  Heeb,P.etal.(1998).Benefitsofinducedhostresponsesagainstanectoparasite.Proc.R.Soc.Lond.BBiol.Sci.265,51–56

•  Kowalczyk,K.etal.(1985).Quan.fica.onofmaternal-fetalIgGtransportinthechicken.Immunology54,755–762.

•  Morshed,M.G.etal.(1993).Transferofan.bodyagainstBorreliadu^oniifrommothertoyounginDdymice.Infect.Immun.61,4147–4152

•  Müller,W.,Groothuis,T.G.,Dijkstra,C.,Siitari,H.,&Alatalo,R.V.(2004).Maternalan.bodytransmissionandbreedingdensi.esintheBlack-headedGullLarusridibundus.Func2onalEcology,18(5),719-724.

•  Parmen.er,H.K.,Abuzeid,S.Y.,Reilingh,G.D.V.,Nieuwland,M.G.,&Graat,E.A.M.(2001).ImmuneresponsesandresistancetoEimeriaacervulinaofchickensdivergentlyselectedforan.bodyresponsestosheepredbloodcells.PoultryScience,80(7),894-900.

•  Staszewski,V.,McCoy,K.D.,Tveraa,T.,&Boulinier,T.(2007).Interannualdynamicsofan.bodylevelsinnaturallyinfectedlong-livedcolonialbirds.Ecology,88(12),3183-3191.

•  Xu,R.,Krause,J.C.,McBride,R.,Paulson,J.C.,CroweJr,J.E.,&Wilson,I.A.(2013).Arecurringmo.fforan.bodyrecogni.onofthereceptor-bindingsiteofinfluenzahemagglu.nin.Naturestructural&molecularbiology,20(3),363-370.

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