instructional design

INSTRUCTIONAL DESIGN

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What is Instructional Design?

A Science

The science of creating detailed specifications for the development, implementation, evaluation, and maintenance of situations that facilitate the learning of both large and small units of subject matter at all levels of complexity.

A Discipline:

The branch of knowledge concerned with research and theory about instructional strategies and the process for developing and implementing those strategies.

A Process:

The systematic development of instructional specifications using learning and instructional theory to ensure the quality of instruction…the entire process of analysis of learning needs and goals and the development of a delivery system to meet those needs. It includes development of instructional materials and activities; and tryout and evaluation of all instruction and learner activities.

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What is Instructional

Design?

Instructional Design allows you to

analyze the learning needs of an

end-user and develop a course

that will allow you to meet its

objectives. These needs can be

for varied audiences, and at each

point you need to ensure that you

are meeting these requirements.

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Instructional Systems Design

After the Second World War, the U.S. military was looking for a systematic way ofcreating training programs quickly and efficiently. These efforts resulted in the development of some basic Instructional Systems Design (ISD) models, which were taught at the Florida State University.

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Instructional

Design Model

ADDIE

Rapid prototypin

g

Dick & Carey

Instructional

Development Learning

System (IDLS)

Kemp design

A.S.S.U.R.E

ARCS

Instructional Designing Models

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ADDIE MODEL

DAY 1

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The ADDIE Model

Analysis

Design

DevelopmentImplementation

Evaluation

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ADDIE - AnalysisWHY am I teaching this course? WHO am I teaching it to?

Analysis

Design

DevelopmentImplementation

Evaluation

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HOW am I going to teach it?

ADDIE - Design

Analysis

Design

DevelopmentImplementation

Evaluation

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WHAT exactly am I going to teach?

ADDIE - Development

Analysis

Design

DevelopmentImplementation

Evaluation

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HOW should I deliver the course?

ADDIE - Implementation

Analysis

Design

DevelopmentImplementation

Evaluation

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HOW was the course?

ADDIE - Evaluation

Analysis

Design

DevelopmentImplementation

Evaluation

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Instructional Design Process

Analyze Design Develop Implement Evaluate

Determine the problem

Define course goals

Analyze audience

Analyze the tasks

Identify conditions and constraints

Review past experiences

Translate course goals into objectives

Determine topics to be covered and time

Choose most appropriate delivery method

Identify instructional strategies

Identify assessment strategies

Develop an outline

Build course structure

Content creation Visual,

handouts, resources

Review existing materials and repurpose

Expectations Initiate

instruction Interaction Formative

evaluation

Summative evaluation

External evaluations

Personal reflection

Ideas for improvements

A D D I E

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ADDIE sample tasks and outputs

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Analysis

Task analysis The purpose of a task analysis is to determine exactly what learners need to know in order to achieve a certain goal that has been set for them. It helps to decide:

Content areas Sequence of instruction Method of teaching

Audience Analysis is finding out relevant information about the learners for whom the training is being developed. Audience analysis helps to:

Determine the current ability of the learners

Spot learner characteristics Make decisions about how to teach

effectivelyContent Depth and ComplexityExamples/ScenariosMethod of InstructionTone/Language UsedFeedback StyleMedia Selection

Audience analysis

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How to do task analysis?

List tasks.

Break down tasks into smaller subtasks.

List the conditions and performance

standards under which tasks are

performed.

Categorize tasks as prerequisite/Entry

tasks, Main tasks, Advanced tasks.Can you

give an

example

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How to do audience analysis?

Who is my audience – teachers/

students ?

Why would they need/read this content?

Is it really going to be useful when

compared with the books or what edge

does it provide to the learner?

Do you know of the prior knowledge of

the learner?

Have you thought how computer savvy

they are?

Considering their age, have you thought

what is there primary learning mode -

VAK

Can you

give an

example

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Other Analysis

Needs Assessment: The purpose of a needs assessment is to answer the following questions:• What is the problem?• What is the need/learning gap?• Is an instructional solution required?

Context Analysis: The purpose of a context analysis is to examine the conditions in which the learner works, such as the technology used in the workplace, physical location, tools, or job aids.

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ACTIVITY

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o Select a chapter from your subject

o Plan broadly the tasks to be done under each stage of ADDIE

Exercise