integrated assessment
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Regular process for global reporting and assessmentassessment of the state of the
marine environment, including socio-economicsocio-economic aspects
Integrated Assessment
How do we approach this?How do we approach this?
• What do we mean by integration?
• What are the elements that we should assess?
• How far have these been assessed?
• What else can we assess?
Integrated Assessment
Regular process for global reporting and assessment of the state of the marine environment, including socio-economic aspects
Integrated Assessment of the Environment
Regular process for global reporting and assessment of the stateof the marine environment, including socio-economic aspects
This includes a massive range
Regular process for global reporting and assessment of the stateof the marine environment, including socio-economic aspects
Integrated Assessment of Human Activities
Regular process for global reporting and assessment of the stateof the marine environment, including socio-economic aspects
Bringing together:
• Environmental
• Economic
• Social
The third dimension of integration
Regular process for global reporting and assessment of the state of the marine environment, including socio-economic aspects
The main sections of the Possible Outline of the First Global Integrated Assessment:Part III – Ocean ProcessesPart V – Human ActivitiesPart VI – Marine Biodiversity
Integrated underPart IV – Food Security & Safety – as a cross-cutting issue Part VII – Overall Integration
Putting this together
Regular process for global reporting and assessment of the state of the marine environment, including socio-economic aspects
Basic Frameworkand examples of cell content
Regular process for global reporting and assessment of the stateof the marine environment, including socio-economic aspects
Dimension/
Aspect
Ocean Processes
Biological Diversity
Human Activities
Environmental Ocean currents, Primary production, etc
State of coral reefs, effects of fishing discards
Pollution from land-based sources, etc
Economic Effects of El Niño,
Coral reefs as tourist attractions, etc
Shipping as part of world trade, etc
Social Tsunamis, etc Aesthetic impact of coral reefs, etc
Tourism, etc
The environmental aspects are themselves a matrix of interactive elements:• Geological structure (rocks, sediments…)• Water column (water quality, temperature, salinity,
currents,…)• Biota (the different trophic levels)
Can we measure whether we have overall a healthy and sustainable marine environment?
Integrating environmental assessment
Regular process for global reporting and assessment of the state of the marine environment, including socio-economic aspects
How to envisage this ecosystem envelope?The allium analogue
Regular process for global reporting and assessment of the state of the marine environment, including socio-economic aspects
• Drivers – the underlying forces that drive change in the environment – both material and societal.
• Pressures – the channels through which these forces affect the environment – again, both material and societal;
• States – the resulting states of the environment, including socio-economic uses of it;
• Impacts – the resulting impacts of these pressures and states on biological diversity and human well-being.
• Responses – the ways that society has responded and the results of those responses –
But we must NOT get into discussions of policy.
DPSIR
Regular process for global reporting and assessment of the state of the marine environment, including socio-economic aspects
• Physical elements (Oceanography – geology, currents, sedimentation…..)
• Chemical elements (Water quality – salinity, nutrients, contaminants…..)
• Biological elements (Numbers, health and reproductive success of the various species…..)
Measuring the vectors
Regular process for global reporting and assessment of the state of the marine environment, including socio-economic aspects
• In each broad division we need to consider a wide range of elements
• For example, among the biological elements, we must consider at least 9 categories:– Phytoplankton - Zooplankton– Macrophytes - Crustacea and molluscs– Other benthic species– Fish - Marine Reptiles – Sea Birds - Marine Mammals
Range of Vectors
Regular process for global reporting and assessment of the state of the marine environment, including socio-economic aspects
What can be crucial to avoid information overload? Possible criteria include:
• The miner’s canary• Keystone functions • Predominant species • Economically significant species • Boundary conditions
Selecting information
Regular process for global reporting and assessment of the state of the marine environment, including socio-economic aspects
The miner's canary
• Ecologically and biologically significant areas
• Vulnerable marine ecosystems
CBD & FAO
Regular process for global reporting and assessment of the state of the marine environment, including socio-economic aspects
Overviews
Aggregating Measures (summarising the combined effects of different elements):
Especially top predators, for example, in the North Sea:
• grey seals
• sea-bird populations
Overviews
Regular process for global reporting and assessment of the state of the marine environment, including socio-economic aspects
Measurements that can link S (status) to P (pressures)
For example:• mercury and/or organochlorine compounds in
sea-bird eggs • proportion of dead sea-birds found with oil
contamination on shore-lines. • satellite surveillance of chlorophyll a
concentrations in surface sea water.
Linkages
Regular process for global reporting and assessment of the state of the marine environment, including socio-economic aspects
Levels of economic activity
Inputs & External Outputs burdens
Economic Use ofoutcomes capital
Integrating economic assessment
Regular process for global reporting and assessment of the state of the marine environment, including socio-economic aspects
• What are the levels of maritime economic activities?
• How are these levels changing?
• Can we assess the factors that are leading to these changes?
Levels of economic activity
Regular process for global reporting and assessment of the state of the marine environment, including socio-economic aspects
The availability of inputs, such as:• Trained manpower;• Necessary equipment;• Knowledge of how to operate;• Knowledge of the state of the oceans;affects the outputs from maritime economic
activities.Can we assess how the balance is changing?
Inputs and outputs
Regular process for global reporting and assessment of the state of the marine environment, including socio-economic aspects
• Taking benefits from the oceans involves both internal and external burdens.
• Internal burdens are those carried by the people who receive the benefits.
• External burdens are those which are suffered by everyone else (including damage to the environment)
• The “polluter pays” principle aims to minimise external burdens
• Can we assess where the polluter is not paying?
External burdens
Regular process for global reporting and assessment of the state of the marine environment, including socio-economic aspects
What are the economic outcomes of the human uses of the marine environment?
• Outcomes for livelihoods
• Outcomes for communities dependent on the marine environment
• Wealth generation
Economic outcomes
Regular process for global reporting and assessment of the state of the marine environment, including socio-economic aspects
• What is the level of capital use in maritime economic activities?
• What are the links between the levels of maritime economic activities and the capital employed?
• Can we assess the factors affecting the provision of capital to maritime activities?
Use of capital
Regular process for global reporting and assessment of the state of the marine environment, including socio-economic aspects
UK evaluation of gross value added by maritime economic activity
A spectrum of relationships between societies and the seas:– Social groups who earn a living entirely at sea – Social groups part of whose livelihood comes from the
sea– Communities dependent on those who earn their living
from the sea– Social groups who have intermittent contact with the
sea– Social groups who rarely even see the sea
Integrating social assessment
Regular process for global reporting and assessment of the state of the marine environment, including socio-economic aspects
• Health
• Income levels and livelihoods
• Degree of community dependency
• Other aspects of well-being (relaxation, aesthetic enjoyment….)
Social aspects
Regular process for global reporting and assessment of the state of the marine environment, including socio-economic aspects
Relevant statistics on health could include
• Life expectancy of those in marine work;
• Injury rates of those in marine work;
• Distribution and impact of marine-related illnesses
Health
Regular process for global reporting and assessment of the state of the marine environment, including socio-economic aspects
How can we assess the livelihoods of those wholly or partially dependent on the marine environment?
Relevant statistics on income of marine workers could include:
• Levels in different parts of the world;• Relative levels of pay for marine work compared
with pay for other work within the region
Livelihoods of marine workers
Regular process for global reporting and assessment of the state of the marine environment, including socio-economic aspects
How can we assess the extent to which communities are dependent on the sea?
Are there assessments of the reliance of societies on the marine environment?
Community dependency
Regular process for global reporting and assessment of the state of the marine environment, including socio-economic aspects
The goal - healthy and sustainable seas
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