introduction to cells life is cellular. robert hooke naturalist, philosopher, inventor,...
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Robert Hooke
naturalist, philosopher, inventor, architect....(July 18, 1635 - March 3, 1703)
In 1665 he is the first person to use the term “cells” after looking at cork under a simple microscope.
Anton van Leeuwenhoek 1632-1723
In 1673 he perfects the simple microscope and is the first to observe living cells and microorganisms.
.
Cell Theory
Cell Theory
• all living things are made up of cells• cells are the basic units of structure and function in
an organism• new cells are produced from existing cells
Matthias Schleiden
concluded that all plants are made of
cells (1838)
Theodore Schwann
concluded that all animals are made
of cells (1839)
Rudolf Virchowconcluded that all cells came from pre-existing cells
(1855)
Multicellular organisms are arranged from simple to complex according to their level of cellular grouping.
cell tissue
organ organ system
organism
The Levels of Organization
Cell differentiation
Cells in organisms are specialized to perform different tasks. Cells are basic units of structure and function of living things.
Cell TypesPROKARYOTE No nucleus No membrane-bound
organelles Small ribosomes Most cells are 1 -10
μm in size Evolved 3.5 billion
years ago Found only in
Archaebacteria and Eubacteria Kingdoms
EUKARYOTE Has nucleus Many organelles Larger ribosomes Cells can be between
2 - 1,000 μm in size Evolved 1.5 billion
years ago Includes Protista,
Fungi, Plantae and Animalia Kingdoms
Cell Type: ProkaryotesProkaryotes, which includes all bacteria,
are the simplest cellular organisms. They have genetic material but no nucleus.
Typical bacteria cell
Cell Types: EukaryotesEukaryotic cells
contain a membrane-bound nucleus and numerous membrane -enclosed organelles (e.g., mitochondria, lysosomes, Golgi apparatus) not found in prokaryotes.
Which Cell?Prokaryotic Eukaryotic
no nucleus
protists, fungi, plants, animals
only in bacteria
small
small ribosomeslarger ribosomes
very small
organellesno organelles
nucleusno nucleus
small ribosomes
organellesno organelles
nucleus
protists, fungi, plants, animals
only in bacteria
small 2-1000μmvery small 1-10 μm
larger ribosomes
What Are the Parts of Cells
Both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells have some things in common.
All cells have¤ cell membrane ¤ cytoplasm¤ ribosomes¤ Genetic material
cytoplasmribosomesnuclear materialcell membrane
cytoplasm
nucleus
cell membrane
chloroplast
central vacuole
mitochondria
cell wall
ribosomes
Parts of Plant Cellscytoplasm: semi-liquid material that fills the cell
(p. 175)
nucleus: controls most cell processes, contains hereditary information (DNA)
chloroplast: capture energy from sunlight and convert it into chemical energy (food), (photosynthesis occurs here)
vacuole: sac-like structure that stores water, salts, foods, etc
ribosomes: manufacture proteinsmitochondria: convert chemical energy stored in food into ATP (cellular respiration occurs here)
cell membrane: regulates what enters and leaves the cell, protection and support
cell wall: outer layer in plant cells, support and protection
golgi body
Endoplasmic reticulum
Parts of Animal Cells
cell membrane
mitochondria
ribosome
Golgi apparatus
nucleus
cytoplasm
Endoplasmic reticulum
lysosome
Golgi apparatus: modifies, sorts and packages proteins and other materials from the endoplasmic reticulum for storage in the cell or secretion outside the cell
Endoplasmic reticulum: site where lipid components of the cell membrane are assembled, along with proteins and other materials that are exported from the cell
lysosome: digests biomolecules into smaller molecules that can be used by the rest of the cell; also involved in breaking down organelles that have outlived their usefulness
Cell Membrane
Mitochondria
Chloroplast
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Nucleus
Lysosome
Golgi Body
Central Vacuole
Ribosome
Cell Wall
Comparison
Animal Plant
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