italian renaissance art

Renaissance Art

Italian Renaissance

Italian Renaissance

Giotto: transitional guy

The Early Renaissance: Masaccio, Donatello, della Francesca, Ghiberti, Mantegna, and Brunelleschi

The High Renaissance: Botticelli,

da Vinci, Raphael, Michelangelo, Titian

The Early Renaissance 1400-1450

The primary focus of the painters of the Early Renaissance was the imitation of nature and the creation of a believable three-dimensional reality on flat surface of a painting. The Early Renaissance in visual art encompasses the first half of the 15th century, and in Italy, Florentine artists took leadership in the development of a new style of painting focusing on illusion.

InnovationsFrescoes- art created on damp plaster

Oil paints(a technique from the north)

Realistic portrayal of human nature

InnovationsChiaroscuro- use of shadows to show balance of light and dark

Science-particularly in anatomy

Linear perspective- allowed artist to represent objects in relative sizes

Giotto (1267 - 1337)Giotto is considered to be the most influential artist on Renaissance painting.Father of the RenaissanceGiotto’s dignified figures seemed to displace space, to stand upon the ground with real substance and weight. The figures seem to extend both backward, into the picture, and forward, toward the spectator’s space.

The Scrovegni Chapel, Padua

Sermon to the Birds,St Francis

IlluminatedManuscriptImage,c 1270,Ghent, Belgium

Legend of St Francis:Sermon to the Birds, 1297-99

Baptism of Christ1304-06

Filippo Brunelleschi(1337-1446)

Florentine architect and engineer

First to carry out a series of optical experiments that led to a mathematical theory of perspective.

His method of perspective had a dramatic impact on the depiction of 3-dimensional space in the arts

Dome of the Cathedral1420-36-Duomo, Florence

One point linear perspectivePierro della Francesca “View of an Ideal City”

Masaccio(1401-1428)

One of first artists to apply the new method of linear perspective in his fresco of the Holy Trinity

Used a barrel vaulted ceiling to imitate with precision the true appearance of architectural space

Figures depict accurate human anatomy

Holy Trinity1425-28Fresco, 667 x 317 cm

Tribute Money1420's

Donatello(1386-1466)

New sense of naturalism in sculpture

Use of classical contrapposto stance (relaxed not rigid)

Statue of David considered first full scale nude since ancient times

David, 1425-1430

St Mary Magdalenc. 1457Wood, height: 188 cmMuseo dell'Opera del Duomo, Florence

Andrea Mantegna(1430-1506)

Created unusual vantage points Looking at figures from belowLamentation of the Dead Christ the viewer is looking from the feet of the subject.Deep foreshorteningEffectively placed the viewer at the scene, adding to the sense of empathy

The Lamentation over the Dead Christ c. 1490Tempera on canvas, 68 x 81 cmPinacoteca di Brera, Milan

Sandra Botticelli(1445-1510)

First artist to paint a full-length female nudeIn Birth of Venus the figure occupies the center of the work which was traditionally reserved for the Virgin. This work is possibly the most pagan image of the entire Renaissance.

The Birth of Venusc. 1485Tempera on canvas, 172.5 x 278.5 cmGalleria degli Uffizi, Florence

The Adoration of the Magi (detail)c. 1475Tempera on panelGalleria degli Uffizi, Florence

The detail shows the assumed self-portrait of the artist.

Lorenzo Ghiberti(1378-1455)

Sacrifice of Isaac1401Bronze reliefMuseo Nazionale del Bargello, Florence

Lorenzo Ghiberti(1378-1455)

Leonardo da Vinci,1452 - 1519

"Renaissance Man"

A polymath

"There are three classes of people. Those who see; those who see when they are shown; those who do not see."

Which was Leonardo?

Virgin of the Rocks1483-86Oil on panel, 199 x 122 cmMusée du Louvre, Paris

Vitruvian Man1492Pen, ink, watercolor and metalpoint on paper, 343 x 245 mmGallerie dell'Accademia, Venice

Anatomical studies of the shoulder1510-11Black chalk, pen and ink on paper, 289 x 199 mmRoyal Library, Windsor

The Last Supper (with names of Apostles labelled)after cleaning1498Tempera on plaster460 x 880 cm (15 x 29 ft.)Convent of Santa Maria delle Grazie (Refectory), Milan

Lady with an Ermine1483-1490Oil on wood53.4 x 39.3 cm (21 x 15 1/2 in.)Czartoryski Museum, Cracow

Michelangelo Buonarroti1475 - 1564

Always thought himself a sculptor, not a painter

A contender for Renaissance Man

Conducted a battle of wills with Pope Julius II

IgnudoFrescoCappella Sistina, Vatican

David1504Marble, height 434 cmGalleria dell'Accademia, Florence

Pietà1499Marble, height 174 cm, width at the base 195 cmBasilica di San Pietro, Vatican

Pietàc. 1550Marble, height: 226 cmMuseo dell'Opera del Duomo, Florence

Model for the dome1560 WoodMusei Vaticani, Rome

Dome of St Peter's1564-Basilica di San Pietro, Vatican

Pope Benedict XVI,Easter Mass 2007

Last Judgment1537-41Fresco, 1370 x 1220 cmCappella Sistina, Vatican

The Last Judgment

Detail

Michelangelo’sSelf Portrait

Raphael Sanzio1483 - 1520 At 17 sent to Perugia, dead by age

37

Perugian, Florentine, & Roman periods – Roman most famous

"The young painter from Urbino thus adopted the artistic innovations of his elder colleagues, in particular those of Leonardo and Michelangelo, and synthesized them with his own aims." - Toman

Raphael's TombPantheon, Rome

Raphael

Portrait of Julius II1511-12Oil on wood, 108 x 80,7 cmNational Gallery, London

…a portrait "so animated and true to life that it was frightening to behold, as though it were actually alive" (Vasari).

The School of Athens1510-11FrescoVatican, Stanza della Segnatura

Titian1485 - 1576

Greatest of the Venetian School

Most versatile: portrait, landscape, mythological, & religious paintings

Manner & styles changed drastically throughout long life, but consistent interest in use of color

Assumption of the Virgin1516-18Oil on wood, 690 x 360 cm

Santa Maria Gloriosa dei Frari, Venice

Bacchus and Ariadne1520-22Oil on canvas, 175 x 190 cm - National Gallery, London

Portrait of Philip II in Armour1550-51

Oil on canvas, 193 x 111 cmMuseo del Prado, Madrid