jessie grace u. rubrico, phd facilitator...puta (whore) is referred to as babaeng mababa ang lipad...

Jessie Grace U. Rubrico, PhD Facilitator   Part 1 of 3 

speech community sharing a common language

social orientations : basis for variations in language use

social dialects or sociolects

Society and Language: Lecture by Dr. Jessie Grace U. Rubrico

speech community

social orientation

sociolects Society and Language: Lecture by Dr. Jessie Grace U. Rubrico

socioeconomic status/social class

ethnicity  

religion

gender

age

Society and Language: Lecture by Dr. Jessie Grace U. Rubrico

•less education •manual labor

working class 

•higher education •non-manual

middle class

•lower class •upper class

economic status

Society and Language: Lecture by Dr. Jessie Grace U. Rubrico

patterns of speech

(dissimilar)

shift styles (modify speech)

reduce social

distance

convergence (accomodation)  

divergence (maintain SD)

Society and Language: Lecture by Dr. Jessie Grace U. Rubrico

motivation: prestige modifying speech styles > shift, upward.

motivation of the ethnic minorities in the community to learn the dominant language

demotivation - groups value speech features that distinguish them  

Society and Language: Lecture by Dr. Jessie Grace U. Rubrico

shifts

motivation

prestige integration

demotivation

value mark of distinction

Society and Language: Lecture by Dr. Jessie Grace U. Rubrico

young people use informal and casual speech, especially among themselves.

toilet - c.r (for comfort room), powder room or ladies’ lounge.

grass -fodder for cows and horses; marijuana

money -datung, atik, or kwarta girlfriend -syota or jowa.

Society and Language: Lecture Notes, Dr. Jessie Grace U. Rubrico Society and Language: Lecture by Dr. Jessie Grace U. Rubrico

new terminologies coined by some groups in the community and defined according to their context of usage.

new meaning to existing words Tagalog word: ulupong or ahas (snake, for

traitor)

  identifies members of the group that created it;

out-group is not meant to understand it.   Society and Language: Lecture Notes, Dr. Jessie Grace U. Rubrico Society and Language: Lecture by Dr. Jessie Grace U. Rubrico

Montenegro (1982) : proved that males and females differ in using language.

females use more positive adjectives.

females frequently use loanwords from English thinking that it is a more prestigious language.

what are other differences can you think of?  

Society and Language: Lecture by Dr. Jessie Grace U. Rubrico

argot (secret language) coined by gays for their own use

some terms from gay lingo are now used in the mainstream

Ex. Tagalog words: bading (gay, homosexual), tsimay (housemaid), bagets (young), tsibug (eating), chika (chat), jowa and syota (partner, girlfriend).

Society and Language: Lecture by Dr. Jessie Grace U. Rubrico

professionals or technical terms

tonsillectomy and appendectomy

computers and internet : modem, ram, cd-rom, software, byte, download, upload, laptop, desktop, e-mail, e-group, e-learning, social networking, etc.

What other jargons can you think of?  

Society and Language: Lecture by Dr. Jessie Grace U. Rubrico

indicate stratification of society convey diversity of its speakers - age, gender,

ethnicity, and social status or class social status or class – family background, education,

occupation or profession

social barriers – agent of discrimination; erecting walls to widen social distance

idiolect - speech variety among speakers Society and Language: Lecture by Dr. Jessie Grace U. Rubrico

Society and Language: Lecture by Dr. Jessie Grace U. Rubrico

Standard Language

official language

writing: academic,

newspaper, etc

formal occasions

variation

base

national language

Society and Language: Lecture by Dr. Jessie Grace U. Rubrico

taboo terms - avoided to conform to dictums of religion, politeness and prohibited behavior; prohibition of females from speaking the names of

their fathers, uncles, fathers-in-law, and grandfathers.

swear words  

Society and Language: Lecture by Dr. Jessie Grace U. Rubrico

euphemisms ‐ used instead to refer to taboo  ▪ puta (whore) is referred to as babaeng mababa

ang lipad (literally, woman flying low) or the more contemporary prosti (clip for prostitute).

▪ "jijingle muna ako" < iihi muna ako" (I need to urinate).

Society and Language: Lecture by Dr. Jessie Grace U. Rubrico

formal or informal use of language

theme or subject of discourse

occasion

status or social roles of the participants Note the difference in your speech when you’re just

kidding around with your classmates and when you are reporting in class.

 Society and Language: Lecture by Dr. Jessie Grace U. Rubrico

talking to older persons, high-ranking officials, persons of authority and power, or persons you hardly know

writing and literature church ceremonies and rituals courts of law occasions attended by honorable dignitaries

and important people in society.  

  Society and Language: Lecture by Dr. Jessie Grace U. Rubrico

gatherings of friends conversations with contemporaries writing letters to friends and

family members writing comics episodes

Society and Language: Lecture by Dr. Jessie Grace U. Rubrico

register: formal or informal

participants

occasion or setting

theme or

subject

Society and Language: Lecture by Dr. Jessie Grace U. Rubrico

speech community social orientations -

social status

circle they move in

functions they perform in society

social dialects or sociolects

sociolinguistics  

Society and Language: Lecture Notes, Dr. Jessie Grace U. Rubrico Society and Language: Lecture by Dr. Jessie Grace U. Rubrico

 Brown, H. Douglas. 2007. Principles of        Language Learning and Teaching, 5th Edition.         White Plains, NY: Pearson Education.   O’Grady, William and John Archibald. 2009.        Contemporary Linguistics: An Introduction,        6th Edition. Canada: Pearson Education.  

Society and Language: Lecture Notes, Dr. Jessie Grace U. Rubrico