“jesus” tao and project management lao zi (604 bc), one of taoist grand prophet, created...
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Lao Zi (604 BC), one of Taoist Grand Prophet, created “Tao-Te-Ching”
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A Brief of “Tao-Te-Ching”A Brief of “Tao-Te-Ching”
o “Tao-Te-Ching” can be literally translated as the book (Ching) of How (Tao) things happen (Te)
o The main focus of the book is concerned with man. Eighty percent (80%) of the book is devoted not to the substance of Tao but to its functions, particularly to its operation in society. This is the reason why Tao is relevant to management, especially in leadership.
o Tao and Confucianism have several similarities:
- Humanity - Oppose the use of- Righteousness power/punishment- Deep Love - Highly esteem
the- Faithfulness integrity of the
individual and social harmony
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Tao at Macro Level: Nations’ Tao at Macro Level: Nations’ CultureCulture
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Cultural Relevance of the Tao Cultural Relevance of the Tao in Construction Project in Construction Project
ManagementManagement
• Tao and Dimensions of Culture of Hofstede (1991)
• Tao and Dimensions of Culture of Trompenaars (1993)
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Five Dimensions of Culture of HofstedeFive Dimensions of Culture of Hofstede
Individualism or Collectivism
Large or Small Power Distance
Strong or Weak Uncertainty Avoidance
Masculinity or Femininity
Short or Long Term Orientation
Confucianism
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(1) Relationship Between Tao Concepts (1) Relationship Between Tao Concepts & Individualism-Collectivism of Hofstede& Individualism-Collectivism of Hofstede
Note: ‘ST’ represents strong adherence of the Tao concepts and ‘SL’ represents slight adherence.
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(2) Relationship Between Tao (2) Relationship Between Tao Concepts & Power Distance of Concepts & Power Distance of
HofstedeHofstede
Note: ‘ST’ represents strong adherence of the Tao concepts and ‘SL’ represents slight adherence.
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(3) Relationship Between Tao (3) Relationship Between Tao Concepts & Uncertainty Avoidance of Concepts & Uncertainty Avoidance of
HofstedeHofstede
Note: ‘ST’ represents strong adherence of the Tao concepts and ‘SL’ represents slight adherence.
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(4) Relationship Between Tao (4) Relationship Between Tao Concepts & Masculinity-Femininity of Concepts & Masculinity-Femininity of
HofstedeHofstede
Note: ‘ST’ represents strong adherence of the Tao concepts and ‘SL’ represents slight adherence.
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(5) Relationship Between Tao (5) Relationship Between Tao Concepts & Confucian DynamismConcepts & Confucian Dynamism
Note: ‘ST’ represents strong adherence of the Tao concepts and ‘SL’ represents slight adherence.
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Comparison of Scores by Hong Kong, USA, UK, and Tao Culture on the Cultural Dimensions under Hofstede
CONCLUSION:CONCLUSION:
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Five Dimensions of Culture of Five Dimensions of Culture of TrompenaarsTrompenaars
Individualism or Collectivism
Universalism or Particularism
Affective orNeutral
Specific orDiffuse
Achievement or Ascription
Orientation
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(1) Relationship Between Tao Concepts (1) Relationship Between Tao Concepts & Individualism-Collectivism of & Individualism-Collectivism of
TrompenaarsTrompenaars
Note: ‘ST’ represents strong adherence of the Tao concepts and ‘SL’ represents slight adherence.
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(2) Relationship Between Tao (2) Relationship Between Tao Concepts & Universalism – Capitalism Concepts & Universalism – Capitalism
of of TrompenaarsTrompenaars
Note: ‘ST’ represents strong adherence of the Tao concepts and ‘SL’ represents slight adherence.
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(3) Relationship Between Tao (3) Relationship Between Tao Concepts & Affective – Neutral of Concepts & Affective – Neutral of
TrompenaarsTrompenaars
Note: ‘ST’ represents strong adherence of the Tao concepts and ‘SL’ represents slight adherence.
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(4) Relationship Between Tao (4) Relationship Between Tao Concepts & Specific – Diffuse of Concepts & Specific – Diffuse of
TrompenaarsTrompenaars
Note: ‘ST’ represents strong adherence of the Tao concepts and ‘SL’ represents slight adherence.
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(5) Relationship Between Tao (5) Relationship Between Tao Concepts & Achievement – Ascription Concepts & Achievement – Ascription
of of TrompenaarsTrompenaars
Note: ‘ST’ represents strong adherence of the Tao concepts and ‘SL’ represents slight adherence.
“Jesus”
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Comparison of Scores by Hong Kong, USA, UK, and Tao Culture on the Cultural Dimensions under Trompenaars
CONCLUSION:CONCLUSION:
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