laser beam machining by himanshu vaid

MEWAR UNIVERSITY

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Contents Laser Beam Machining Laser Type of Laser Laser Application Parameters Affecting LBM Advantage Disadvantage

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What is Laser LASER is the acronym for Light Amplified

Stimulated Emission of Radiation Laser is a device which generates or

amplifies light Stimulated emission of electromagnetic

radiation Coherent, monochromatic, directional and

high power laser beam is used

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Elements of Laser Lasing Medium (Gas, liquid, solid) Pumping process Optical feedback element

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Laser Beam Machining

Used light energy from a laser to remove material by vaporization and ablation

Energy is concentrated optically

Laser emits either continuous or pulsed light beam

Source: Google Images

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Effect of Laser Beam on Material

Source: Internet

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Gas Laser Electric current is discharged through a gas to produce a

coherent light Operate on the principle of converting electric energy

into laser light output Gas acts as pumping medium to attain the necessary

population inversion Common gas laser are CO2 Gas Laser, He-Ne Gas Laser

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Solid State Laser Constructed by doping a rare earth element into a

variety of host materials Pumped optically by arc lamps or flash lamps Respond well to Q-switching Ruby or Nd:YAG is the most common host material

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Ruby Laser

Source: HowStuffWorks

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Excimer Laser

Uses a combination of an inert gas and reactive gas

Excimer is form of Ultraviolet Chemical Laser

Excimer is short for ‘excited dimer’

Source: Google Images

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Dye & Semiconductor Laser Dye Laser

use complex organic dyes, such as rhodamine 6G

Semiconductor Laser sometimes called diode lasers very small and use low power.

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Operation: Laser Cutting

Cutting starts by drilling a hole by moving beam

Cutting speed depends on material and thickness

Both pulsed and continuous laser is used

Thickness ranges from 0.5-1 inch Used for cutting complex geometry

and for clean cutting operationSource: sciencedirect.com

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Laser Welding For welding ceramics and dissimilar materials like steel

and aluminum Produces maximum penetration and minimum distortion

in materials Beam can be easily shaped, focused and directed Application

Razor Blade Electronic Circuit

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Laser Cladding

Used to improve surface quality by applying a corrosion resistant layer on product

Laser Beam is used to create a shallow melt pool

Metal powder is supply using an inert gas flow

Application Chemical industry Mining and marine application Source: Wikipedia

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Laser Application

Heavy Manufacturing

Seam & spot welding

Cladding & drilling

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Advantages

Non Contact No solvent chemical Selective material removal Flexibility Fully automated

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Disadvantages Requires specially trained operators Not for mass metal removal processes Requires greater control of joint tolerances Expensive equipment Consumes much energy

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