linux reseau projet english
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Computer Science
SchoolCOMPUTER SCIENCE (OPTION N ETWORKING)
D.E.C / A.E.C PROGRAMS
LINUX NETWORK SERVICES
Project
Winter 2!"
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PART I
O#$ECTIVES %I& Con'i()re LINUX in * TCP/IP Net+or,
II& I-e-ent * D0CP Ser1er
III& Int* *n3 con'i()re * SAM#A Ser1er
IV& I-e-ent * N4S Ser1er
V& I-e-ent Internet conne5ion 6*rin(
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NETWORK SERVIECES IN LINUX
PRO$ECT
N*-e% Gro) %
O#$ECTIVES %
I& Con'i()re LINUX in * TCP/IP Net+or,
II& I-e-ent * D0CP Ser1er
III& Int* *n3 con'i()re * SAM#A Ser1er
IV& I-e-ent * N4S Ser1er
V& I-e-ent Internet conne5ion 6*rin(
PRERE7UISITES
1. Have installed Linux Fedora2. Know the basics commands of Linux
3. Know the basic concepts of T!"I! networ#in$
%. Know the role of the followin$ services& '()*("+H!",F'
IMPLEMENTATION O4 T0E PRO$ECT %
-L/-0T compan inc. has a networ# of 12 LI,4 wor#stations5 a 6indowsserver and two Linux servers 71 of them has 2 ,Is8.
12 computers with networ# interface cards 1 outlet for each !
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2 shared networ# printers 2 networ# printers 9 2%:port 'witch T! cat; 9 patch panel 2% ports 2 Linux servers /peratin$ sstems 6indows and LI,4
The compan has hired ou to install and confi$ure the followin$ services&'()*( " +H! " ,F'.
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I& CON4IGURE LINUX IN A TCP/IP NETWORK
O#$ECTIVES %
18 onfi$ure the networ# interface for T!"I! protocol38 )odif the TH0,T ,Is confi$uration files
28 se T!"I! commands
CONTEXT
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assi!ned to a specific interface&
DEVICE=eth0
BOOTPROTO=none or dhcp orbootpONBOOT=yesNETWORK=!.!..!
NET"#$K=%&&.%&&.%&&.!'(#))R=!.!..%*+$ER,T=no
38 0estart the networ# service service network restrt
/etc/init.0/network restrt
%8 -erif the I! address/sbin/ifconfig 1
;8 Test communicationping
;8 nable "+isable the networ#interface if2p eth! or if0own eth!
98 (dd routes or displa theroutin$ table /sbin/ro2te 00 -net
=8 'how the path ta#en b atransmitted pac#et trcero2te
>8 -iew details about activeconnections on our machine&ports5 statistics ...
netstt
#& (r*6ic* -o3e
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18 'tart the networ# interface confi$uration 28 )odif the characteristics of the networ#interface card to confi$ure manual " +H!"*//T!
38 onfi$ure +,' information %8
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18 onfi$ure our ,I with a static I! address &
omputer name
I! (ddress
,etwor# mas#
+efault $atewa
+,'
28 +ispla our I! address with & i'con'i(
38 Test usin$ in(the communication with other computers
-erification @@@@@@@@@@@
II& IMPLEMENTING A D0CP SEVER
?D@n*-ic 0ot Con'i()r*tion Protoco&O#$ECTIVES %
18 Install +H! 'erver
28 onfi$ure +H! 'erver options
38 'tart the +H! 'erver
%8 Teste the +H! 'erver with 6indows and Linux clients
Conte5t
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STEPS %
*& 4ie to coni3er
4ILES ROLE
/etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf+H! 'erver confi$uration file
/var/lib/dhcpd/dhcpd.leases +H! client lease database
& E5*-e
STEPS RBSULTS18 Installationrp3 -4 0hcp
or
y23 instll 0hcp
28 onfi$urationexample /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf
#ddns-update-style ad-hoc ; # ncessaire pour dhcp Fedora 8+ s2bnet 5%.67.%%.! net3sk %&&.%&&.%&&.! 8
option ro2ters 5%.67.%%.9 psserelle pr 0:f2t
option s2bnet-3sk %&&.%&&.%&&.!9 3s42e 0e so2s-r:se2
option 0o3in-n3e ;ho3e.ln;9 no3 0e 0o3ine
option 0o3in-n3e-servers 5%.67.%%.-lese-ti3e ?@%!! 9 02r:e 3>i 02 bil en sec.
$i on ve2t fire 0es r:servtions Attrib2er to2t le te3ps
l 33e '(
2n certin :42ipe3entC on les ins:rer ici.
D
host no33chine 8hr0wre ethernet %@?&6*7#B,)9 0resse "#, 0e l
3chine
fi>e0-00ress 5%.67.%%.!!9 '( 42e lon ve2t l2i ssigner
D
$i on 0ispose 0e be2co2p 0e sttions
gro2p pclin2> 8
2se-host-0ecl-n3es on9
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0an$e and lease duration& 1C2.19>.x.1 1C2.19>.x.1; and 1 da
38 6or# on the +H! client
a8 se a 6indows client to obtain an I! addressb8 se a Linux client to obtain an I! address
I! (ddress I!
'ubnet mas#
+efault $atewa
+,'
verification @@@@@@@@@@@
III& IMPLEMNETING A SAM#A SERVER
O#$ECTIVES %
18 Install a '()*( 'erver
28 onfi$ure the '()*( 'erver
38 reate user accounts for the '()*( 'erver
%8 'tart '()*( 'erver et ,)* for ,et*I/' name resolution
;8 Test the '()*( 'erver
Conte5t
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2& +isable the F+/0(. firewall 8 er1ice it*e to"& reate the folder to be shared in the "home director with the =;;
permissions& 'tart ')* service for '()*( and ,)* service for name resolutionD er1ice - t*rt
D er1ice n- t*rt;& nable automatic startup for ')* and ,)* servicesD c6,con'i( - onD c6,con'i( n- on
9& Test the '()*( connexion from a 6indows computer!& If the connexion fails5 review the previous steps.
EXAMPLE o' SAM#A con'i()r*tion
Install '()*(
reate the folder to be shared in the "homedirecrot
dit the "etc"samba"smb.conf file
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(dd and"or modif lines in the -.con' filefor share securit mode
securit E share
NOTES %!& To en*e t6e 4EDORA Net#IOS n*-eto e 1iie
netbios name E ,/)deF+/0(
2& To *cti1*te t6e 4EDORA er1er * *WINS er1er
wins support E es
"& To *cti1*te t6e 4EDORA er1er * *WINS cient
wins server E I!@server@6I,'
'tart - *n3 n- services
nable automatic startup for smb and nmbservices
Ste%
A& Co--*n3 -o3e % E5*-e o' con'i()r*tion
18 'erver & Linux '()*(
18 Installation @)- int* *-* *-*cient
@)- int* @te-con'i(*-*7for the $raphical interface8
28 confi$uration fileexample&/etc/samba/smb.conf
FgloblGworkgro2p = groupe00netbios n3e = ServeurLinuxsec2rity=2serwins s2pport = yeshost llow = 5%.67.!. %*.encrypt psswor0s = yes
s3b pssw0 file = /etc/samba/smbpasswd
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9 le co3pte invite cc:0er sns 3ot 0e psseg2est cco2nt = invite
[cdrom # chemin d'accs au point de montage du CDROM
pth = /mnt/cdrom # accessible en lecture
re0p2blic = yes # l'!criture sera forc!ment interdite
writeble = noFp2blicG co33ent =R:pertoire p2blic pth = /ho3e/p2blic g2est ok = yes writeble = yes les fichiers cr::s sont en lect2re se2le< po2r les2tres Al ct:gorie oC crete 3o0e = !66?FprintersG co33ent = #ll (rinters pth = /vr/spool/s3b
printer 03in = Hohn< e0< I03ins crete 3sk = !6!! g2est ok = Jes printble = Jes 2se client 0river = Jes browseble = Jes
%8 'pecif the '()*(userAs password in/etc/s3bpssw0
s3bpssw0 1 2sgers3b
38 'tart " 'top '()*(and ,)*76I,'8
#service smb startor stop orrestrt
service nmb start
5) Test the syntax of the
/etc/smb.conffile using
the testparm utility
testparm
98 +eclare the 4! hostin the hosts files
vi /etc/hosts
vi /etc/sysconfig/network
28 Win3o+ XP Cient 'or Lin)5
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a8 onfi$ure 6indows 4! in a peer to peerwith Fedora and choose the samewor#$roup and an I! address from the samesubnet
b8 'hare a folder and $rant accesspermissions
c8 From networ# nei$hborhood ou can seeand access the folder on Fedora
38 Lin)5 Cient 'or Win3o+
STEPS RESULTS
18 reate a folderthat will be used asmountin$ point to theshare on 6indows
3k0ir /3nt/0isk
28 )ount or unmountsthe shared folder on6indows in the foldercreated in 1
smbmount //!"!/partage /mnt/disk
s3b23o2nt ... b2t< in E)OR#< +$E
3o2nt -t cifs //5%.67../shre /3nt/somedirector"
#& Con'i()re SAM#A +it6 * (r*6ic* Inter'*ce%
a8 reate the folder to share in the "homedirector
b8 set permissions to =;;
c8 'tart the '()*( confi$uration $raphicalInterface
e8 rete the '()*( share with thenecessar permissions
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d8 onfi$ure the 6or#$roup and the '()*(authentication mode
f8 (dd the '()*( authoried users 7thesame as in 6indows 8
$8 0estart ')* and ,)* Dservice smb restart
Dservice nmb restart
Wor, to 3o %
18 Wor, on t6e SAM#A Ser1er
onfi$ure '()*( 'erver usin$ the followin$ information &
Wor,(ro) G0/!
Uer )*(er*-*for Linux and 6indows
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*+or3 123%;9
ec)rit@ ser
S6*re3 'o3er !arta$esamba on Linux and 6indows with full access
2& Wor, on Win3o+ XP
a8 reate a peer to peer networ# with6indows 4!
6or#$roup &
I! address " subnet mas#
b8 an ou see the Fedora computerwhen ou browse the networ#?
c8 an ou access the Fedora sharedfolder *rt*(e*-*?
d8 Install a printer and share it
38 6or# on the Linux client to connect to 6indows 4! shares
3.18 )ount the *rt*(e*-*share available on 6indows ?
3.28 (ccess the shared printer on 6I,+/6'?
-erification @@@@@@@@@@@
IV& INSTALL AND CON4IGURE N4S?Net+or, 4ieS@te-&
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O#$ECTIVES %
18 Install ,F' service
28 onfi$ure ,F' 'erver
38 onfi$ure ,F' client
%8 Test ,F'
Conte5t
ports
bC #00 the following line
/pth/to/shre ipLclientArwC< ipLclient%ArwC
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38 0estart the ,F''erver
/etc/init.0/nfs strt or stop or relo0 or restrt
"L'$)* S'($
%8 From the clientside &
a8 rete a folder for a mountin$ operation
3k0ir /3nt/prtge
b8 )ount usin$ the command prompt&
3o2nt -t nfs ipLserve2r/pth/to/shre /3nt/prtge
c8 (utomatic mount at startup& 18 edit & "etc"fstab 28 (dd&
ipLserve2r/pth/to/shre /3nt/prtge nfs 2to
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38 user access control %8 ou can force the use of some specificports&
Wor, to 3o in co--*n3 -o3e
!& N4S Ser1er%
reate a folder named 3oiern' in /6o-e et set read and write permissions to
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two fedora computers on the ntewor#
e0it /etc/e>ports
00 the following
/ho3e/0ossiernfs ipLclientArwC< ipLclient%ArwC
2& N4S Cient %
a8 reate the folder "mnt"parta$enfs on the ,F' client
b8 (ccess to the shared folder 3oiern'usin$ the mount command&
3o2nt -t nfs ipLserve2r/ho3e/0ossiernfs /3nt/prtgenfs
c8 (dd the followin$ line to the "etc"fstab file for automatic mountin$ at startup &
ipLserve2r/ho3e/0ossiernfs /3nt/prtgenfs 2to
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V % S0ARING AN INTERNET CONNEXION USINGIP MAS7UERADE
!& O#$ECTIVES %
18 onfi$ure a Linux computer with two ,Is28 'hare an Internet connexion
2& Conte5t %
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VI& Int* *n3 con'i()re * ri-*r@ DNS Ser1er
Ojecti1e %
18 Install the +,' service28 onfi$ure the +,' service files for primar forward loo#up
38 onfi$ure the +,' service files for primar reverse loo#up
%8 'tart the primar server
;8 Test the primar server
98 reate forward and reverse loo#up one files
=8 Test other domain names
Conte5t %
The compan wants to perform name resolution and I! address resolution.
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Ste %
!& 4ie to )e
/etc/named.conf File containin$ +,' server tpes& -*teror *1eor 'or+*r3
/var/named/named.ca File containin$ the root +,' 'ervers information
/var/named/votredomaine.com.db File containin$ the forward loo#up one/var/named/slaves/10.0.1.d xample of file containin$ the reverse loo#up one
for the 1..1. subnet
/etc/resolv.conf File containin$ the search domain path and the theI! addresses of the +,' servers to use
2& Ste *'ter #IND Ser1er 6* een int*e3 ?it j)t *n e5*-e&
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a8 )a#e sure ou confi$ure static T! " I! settin$s for the Fedora server
F+, of the F+/0( computer I!")as#
+,'
b8 (dd the followin$ +,' addresses in the/etc/reo1.con' 'ie
n*-eer1er !92.!:;.!=.!
n*-eer1er !92.!:;.!=.2
c8 )odif the/etc/n*-e3.con' file
listen+on port ,- 1.0.0.23.45.,0.262
allow+7uerylocalhost2any262
d8 reate the terre1erte.netone usin$ tthe $raphical tool 7see thefollowin$ pa$es8. onfi$ure the AJ CNAMEJ MX records. Thereverse one and the PTRrecord are automaticall created.
Then5 chec# that the forward looup one file in1*r/n*-e3/terre1erte.net.3has benn created and the same forthe reverse loo#up one v*r/n*-e3/!92.!:;.!=..3file.
For the command line mode5 see the example bellow
e8 Test with noo,) +++.terre1erte.net*n3 @o) ot*in%
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http://www.terreverte.net/http://www.terreverte.net/ -
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Con'i()r*tion e5*-e
onfi$ure the "etc"named.conf file
(dd the master and forward and reverseloo#up ones
reate the "var"named"server.world.lan file forthe forward loo#up one
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reate the "var"named"..1.db for thereverse loo#up one
"& DNS MASTER % co--*n3 -o3e
'T!' 0'LT'18 Installation
* root
y23 instll bin0 bin0-2tils
y23 instll syste3-config-bin0
28 onfi$urin$ a primar+,' and creation ofmaster forward andreverse loo#up ones
* root
Con'i()re t6e itenin(ort to e ="
/etc/n3e0.conf
options 8
listen+on port ,- 1.0.0.20.0..,262
allow+7uerylocalhost2any262r8pond 9 tout poste
D
Mone ;votre0o3ine.co3.; 'N 8
type 3ster9
file ;votre0o3ine.co3.0b;9
allow+transfer0.0..1262serveur slave
also+notify0.0..1262serveur slave
D9
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allow+transfer0.0..1262
also+notify0.0..1262
to allow the :one transfer
for a slave ()S
Mone ;.!.!.in-00r.rp.; 'N 8 type 3ster9 file ;!.!..0b;9 allow+transfer 0.0..1262serveur slave also+notify 0.0..1262serveur slave
D9
38 Forward loo#up one fileexample
/var/named/votredomaine.com.db
$ORIGIN example.com.
$TTL 86400
@ IN SOA dns1.example.com. hostmaster.example.com. (
1 ; serial
21600 ; refresh after 6 hours
3600 ; retry after 1 hour
604800 ; expire after 1 week
86400 ; minimum TTL of 1 day
)
IN NS dns1.example.com.
IN NS dns2.example.com.
IN MX 10 mail.example.com. IN MX 20 mail2.example.com.
IN A 10.0.1.5
dns1 IN A 10.0.1.5
dns2 IN A 10.0.1.7
server1 IN A 10.0.1.1
server2 IN A 10.0.1.2
ftp IN CNAME server1
mail IN CNAME server1
www IN CNAME server2
%8 0evesre loo#up one fileexample
/var/named/0.0..db
$ORIGIN 1.0.10.in-addr.arpa.
$TTL 86400
@ IN SOA dns1.example.com. hostmaster.example.com. (
1 ; serial
21600 ; refresh after 6 hours
3600 ; retry after 1 hour
604800 ; expire after 1 week
86400 ; minimum TTL of 1 day
)
IN NS dns1.example.com. IN NS dns2.example.com.
1 IN PTR server1.example.com.
2 IN PTR server2.example.com.
5 IN PTR dns1.example.com.
7 IN PTR dns2.example.com.
;8 onfi$ure the +,' clientto use our own +,' for
/etc/resolv.conf
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name resolutionn3eserver %*.!.!.
n3eserver !.!..&
98 start " stop the +,''erver
service n3e0 strt
service n3e0 stop
=8 0eload the +,' server rn0c relo0
>8 (utomatiJue startup ' chconfi! named on
C8 Test of the +,' server nslookup servername.domainname.com
dig servername.domainname.com
18hec# for errors in theconfi$ file
# vi /var/log/messages
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c8 nter the one name51otre3o-*ine.co-.
+onAt for$et the dot . at the end of the
name then press
d8 nter the info about the +,' server
e8 (dd the followin$ one records &
AJ CNAMEJ MX
f8 (dd an A recor3
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$8 (dd a CNAME recor3 h8 (dd a MXrecord
i8 'ave the modification
8 onfi$ure the +,' client to use ourown +,' for name resolution
Dvi "etc"resolv.conf
nameserver 12=...1
nameserver 1C2.19>.2.1#8 Test with noo,) +++.1oo1ert.net l8 If errors5 rechec# all the steps
=& Wor, to 3o in (r*6ic* -o3e%
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18 onfi$ure a master forward and a reverse loo#up one forVELOVERT.NET *n3 #IXI.COM 3o-*in. reate the correspondin$records&
one VELOVERT.NET
A @o)r IP *33re
CNAME WWW.VELOVERT.NET
MX VOTRESERVER.VELOVERT.NET
one #IXI.COM
A @o)r IP *33re
CNAME WWW.#IXI.COM
MX VOTRESERVER.#IXI.COM
28 Test our +,' 'erver with noo,)
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Faites vMrifier @@@@@@@@@@@
VII % INSTALLING AND CON4IGURING A SLAVE DNSSERVER
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Ojecti1e %
18 Install +,' 'erver on another Fedora computer28 onfi$ure slave forward loo#up ones
38 'tart and test the secondar +,' 'erver
Conte5t%
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slave +,'E3ite /etc/n*-e3.con'tpe slavePfile Rslaves"1..1.I,:(++0.(0!(.dbRPmasters O 1..1.; port ;3 QPQP
%8 0estart +,' 'erverD 'ervice named restart
;8 0eload +,' 'erver D rndc reload98 hec# if file transfer has occurred "var"named"slaves"votredomaine.com.db.=8 Test our server D nsloo#up votreserver.votredomaine.com
"& GRAP0ICAL MODE
".!& Con'i()r t6e MASTER DNS to *o+ one tr*n'ert 'or 'or+*3 *n3re1ere oo,) one
'tart sstem:confi$:bind
+ouble:clic# on the created one
'elect allow transfer and add it to the
current options allow:transfer
(dd the I! address of the 'L(- +,'
lic# on (dd
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onfi$ure
(dd the I! address of the 'L(- +,'
(nd -alidate
0edo the same steps for the reverseloo#up one
allow:transfer O ip@+,'@'lave PQP
also:notifOip@+,'@'lave PQP
0estart the named service D service named restart
".2& Con'i()re t6e SLAVE DNS'or * 'or+*r3 oo,) one
'tart sstem:confi$:bind
lic# on new one
hoose 'L(- one tpe
nter the name of the master one andvalidate
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nter the I! address of the master +,'
'ave the confi$uration
0estart the +,' 'erver D service named restart"."& Reo*3 t6e DNS Ser1er
he# if the one file has been created in/1*r/n*-e3/*1e
#rndc reload
"."& Con'i()re t6e SLAVE DNS'or * re1ere oo,) one
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'tart sstem:confi$:bind
lic# on new one
hoose 'L(- one tpe
nter the name of the master one!=.!92.!:;.INADDR.ARPA.
and validate
nter the I! address of the master +,'
'ave the confi$uration
0estart the +,' 'erver D service named restart".
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-erification& @@@@@@@@@@@
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VIII % CON4IGURE AN APAC0E SERVER
O#$ECTIVES %
!& Install (!(H 'erver2& onfi$ure (!(H confi$uration files
"& Test a basic confi$uration of (!(H 'erver
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extensions provided software using pache!
/vr/log/http0 Folder containing log files
/vr/log/http0/errorLlog "og containing all pages processed y the server
/vr/www Folder for the default site information/vr/www/cgi-bin n $empty% folder for scripts
/vr/www/error Folder containing error messages pages
/vr/www/ht3l n $&mplty% folder containing documents for the default site
/vr/www/icons Folder containing some icons/vr/www/3n2l Folder containing documentation
2& CON4IGURATION
A& Co--*n3 Mo3e
ETAPES RESULTATS18 Installation
y23 instll http0-3n2l
28 'tart " stop service http0 strt or stop or relo0
Or 2se the following co33n0
/sbin/service http0 strt or stop or relo0
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38 (utomatic startup of the6tt3service chkconfig http0 on
%8 hec#in$ for sntax service http0 configtest
;8 Test our (pache 'erverusin$ localhost5 or our I!
(ddress or our domainname
http&""12=...1
98 onfi$urin$ a virtual site&site1
"o0ify the file
/etc/http0/conf/http0.conf
,rete the root fol0er
/vr/www/site
$et per3issions *&tollow everyone to e>ec2teyo2r web pges
Test yo2r virt2l sitewith 'REO
);*$
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!& /pen the (!(H confi$urationtool &
'stem " administration " server parametersde "http
2& (dd the I! address and the port ofthe web site
"& Tunin$ HTT! 'erver performance
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dit "etc"httpd"conf"6tt3.con'
)odif the sections
S-irtualHost
S"-irtualHost
)odif +ocument0oot
'pecif 'erver,ame
Note %
0edo for the same for all virtual sitesou plan to host
0estart httpdreate the index.html files for eachsite&
18 "var"www"html
28 "home"fedora"public@html
Test our web sites with firefox
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Wor, to 3o %
CON4IGURING APAC0E SERVER IN CONSOLE MODE
!& se the 1eo1ert.netand i5i.co-ones created in the +,'
!) reate a 6* site for 666.-L/-0T.,T
'erver,ame www.velovert.net
+ocument0oot "var"www"html"velovert
") reate a virtual 6* site for 666.*I4I./)
'erver,ame www.bixi.com
+ocument0oot "var"www"html"bixi
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=& Test our web sites 666.-L/-0T.,T and 666.*I4I./)
-erification @@@@@@@@@@@
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