listening speaking reading writing. listening implies the following processes: 1. receiving…
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THE FOUR LANGUAGE SKILLS
ListeningSpeaking ReadingWriting
LISTENING Listening implies the following
processes: 1. receiving sounds (hearing) 2. Attending to sounds 3. Assigning meaning to sounds 4. Preparing a relevant response. In this respect, listening is different from
hearing . صمم … في والقلب مستمع ورب واعية غير أذنا أنلتك لقد
LISTENING SO, do not confuse listening (which is an
intentional focused interactive process) with hearing ( which is casual unintentional receiving of sounds)
In fact the listening we teach to our students is :
“listening comprehension”
LISTENING Sub skills of
listening include: 1. Listening for main
ideas 2. Listening for details 3. listen & draw 4. listen & color 5. listen & do (act) 6. listen & judge (correct)
7. listen & match 8. listen & sequence
(rearrange) 9. listen & respond
(true or false) 10. listen and
summarize 11. listen and analyze 12. listen and criticize
What is listening?
Hearingand
decoding comprehendible sounds
SPEAKING Just uttering words and sentences is not
speaking. Rather this may be repeating. True Speaking is to let Ss express their own
ideas, feelings, comments in their own words with their own repertoire e of words and structures.
Don’t confuse speaking with repeating.
SPEAKING Speaking involves the following
processes: 1. having a topic or comment in mind 2. selecting the relevant vocabulary 3. selecting the relevant structures 4. intertranslation of ideas from mother tongue to F L. 5. pronouncing 6. checking grammar and pronunciation as the stream
of sounds goes. So THE SPEAKING WE TEACH TO OUR SS should be
Speaking Expression
SPEAKING Speaking subskills
include: 1. pronouncing separate
words 2. pronouncing sentences 3. modifying sentences
(changing tense, agents…)
4. pair talk in games 5. group pronunciation
with songs
6. pair talk with story telling
7. summarizing a topic.
8. dialogues 9. interviews 10. Role play 11. open discussion 12. debates
What is speaking?
Producingcomprehendible sounds
READING Reading is not just holding a paper and
pronouncing the symbols written on it. Reading involves the following
processes: 1. moving one’s eyes on the written
material in circles. 2. decoding the symbols into
meaningful chucks of meaning 3. responding to the martial. This can take place at varying speeds
depending on the reader.
Ben بن MUHAMMAD محمد
READING Reading exists naturally in silent
reading. Loud reading is however used or purposes other than reading itself.
This means that reading is different from uttering words from paper.
Reading incorporates comprehension and digestion of the written message.
The reading we teach to our Ss is Reading Comprehension
READING Subskills of reading
include: 1. recognizing letters and
words 2. recognizing meaning
depending on structure Recognizing meaning
depending on context. Reading for the gist (main
idea) Reading for details Reading for pleasure
(extensive reading, skimming) Reading for specific data
( scanning)
Identifying keywords Identifying the writer’s
style Identifying turning points
in the text Identifying the cohesion
markers Critical reading interpretative reading evaluative reading Creative reading (the
reader suggests different ends to stories)
What is reading?
Decodingcomprehendible SYMBOLS
WRITING Writing is NOT just holding a pen / pencil
and moving one’s hand on the paper. This can be copying. True writing incorporates the composition
of the S own ideas and comments in his own words by depending on his knowledge of vocabulary, grammar, & writing conventions.
WRITING Writing involves the following processes: 1. reading to gain info about a topic
(brainstorming) 2. thinking of how the composition will look like
(semantic mapping) 3. writing a first draft 4.Proof reading, and editing 5. Rewriting based on self, peer or teacher
correction 6. Publishing what was written So the writing we teach to our Ss is
Writing Composition
WRITING Subskills of writing
include: Writing shapes of letters correctly Writing words, & sentences Dictation Rearranging the events in a story Modifying sentences Summarizing a text Finishing sentences finishing stories
Writing paragraphs based on guiding word
writing paragraphs by answering questions
Writing paragraphs by replying to letters
Writing descriptive compositions Writing narrative composition writing expository compositions Writing argumentative
compositions.
What is writing?
Encodingcomprehendiblesound symbols
THE FOUR LANGUAGE SKILLS
TEACHING LISTENINGREQUIREMENTS FOR LISTENING PRACTICE Ability to distinguish between sounds Identify intonational devices Identify grammatical signals: plurals,
possessives, persons, past, comparatives…etc Understand meaning of lexical items Understand cultural aspects Differentiate between written and spoken
language Suitability of the listening material Suitability of the acoustic environment Familiarity with reading/speaking habits. Awareness of the theme.
The student’s bookThe students’ book
LISTENING LEVELS OF LISTENING COMPREHENSION - listening for separate sounds Listening for stress and intonation Listening through games and competitions Listening for key words Listening and dictation Listening and drawing Listening to short interviews Listening to dialogues and phone calls. listening to video tapes and films.
LISTENINGPRECAUTIONS The listening material should be within the capacity of the leaner Giving a brief introduction: purpose of the activity, and nature of
the task. Number of times of listening depending on Ss’ level and length
and difficulty of the passage. Ss do the task as they listen When listening ends, T checks answers T tests Ss’ listening comprehension thro’: - understanding individual words “true or false” - recognizing sentences: by undertaking an action or providing
answers - understanding structure signals: passive, contrast, addition,
clarification - understanding short oral passages: Understanding extending passages.: followed by role play ,
writing or discussions
Name
Year of birth
Place of birth
Current job
hobbies
TECHNIQUES FOR LISTENING PRE-LISTENING:
Introduction to the topic Presenting relevant vocabulary Developing expectations Building up predictions
bleebing is very good.
The children were bleebing happily on the playground.
TECHNIQUES FOR LISTENINGDURING-LISTENING: Ss listen to two types of listening: 1- for main ideas and to check their
predictions (pausing the cassette for more predictions)
2- for details and to prepare for the comprehension questions afterwards
TECHNIQUES FOR LISTENING POST-LISTENING: Comprehension questions: to check
understanding and draw on the general meaning of the passage
discussion questions: to actively participate in discussing the text and going beyond the text.
TECHNIQUES FOR LISTENING A SAMPLE Let’s watch Mr.
Magdy teaching listening
As you are watch check the three stages of teaching listening
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