macromolecules
Post on 31-Dec-2015
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Made of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen Has proportions of above 1:2:1 Key sources of energy found in most foods Building blocks of carbohydrates are simple
sugars Monosaccharide – single sugars, example:
glucose (C6H12O6). Disaccharide – two monosaccharides bonded
together, example: sucrose (C12H24O12) Polysaccharide – multiple monosaccharides
or disaccharides bonded together, example: starches, cellulose.
Made of Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen (not in a 1:2:1 ratio)
Includes: fats, oils, waxes Building blocks of lipids are fatty acids Saturated fats – composed of hydrocarbon
chains without double bonds, solid at room temperature
Unsaturated fats – composed of a link of fatty chains that have double bonds and they don’t pack so tightly because they bend, liquid at room temperature
Polyunsaturated fats – contain multiple double bonds, heart healthy fats
Composed of Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, and Nitrogen
Building blocks are amino acids (there are 20 amino acids)
Amino acids are combined in a linear chain. They are then folded in a variety of ways.
Enzymes, antibodies, hormones, and structural proteins
Composed of Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, Phosphate
Building blocks of nucleic acids are nucleotides Nucleotide has three parts: base, sugar and
phosphate Three types: DNA - Deoxyribonucleic acid
◦ Double strand of nucleotides◦ Hereditary information
RNA - Ribonucleic acid◦ Single strand of nucleotides◦ Needed for protein synthesis
ATP - Adenosine triphosphate ◦ Nucleotide plus two extra phophate groups◦ Energy source for cells
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