matter pure substance elementcompound carbon (c)h2oh2o mixture ? now lets discover matter as...
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MATTER
PURE SUBSTANCE
ELEMENT COMPOUND
Carbon (C) H2O
MIXTURE
?
NOW LETS DISCOVER MATTER AS MIXTURES
THUS FAR WE HAVE REVIEWED MATTER AS PURE SUBSTANCES.
Classification
MatterHas mass and takes up space
MixtureVariable Composition
SubstanceDefine composition
CompoundTwo or more
kinds of atoms
ElementOne kind of
atom
HeterogeneousUnevenly mixed
HomogeneousEvenly mixed
Solution ProcessA mixture is formed by two or moreelements or compounds that are physicallymixed together but not chemically joined.example: salt and pepperMixture can be:
HomogeneousEvenly mixed
HeterogeneousUnevenly mixed
The two types of Mixtures :
Classifying mixtures
2) HETEROGENEOUS1) HOMOGENEOUS
HomogeneousEvenly mixed
HeterogeneousUnevenly mixed
Mixture is formed by two or more elements or compounds that are physically mixed together but not chemically joined.
example: salt and pepper
The Two Types of Mixture1. Solution is a homogeneous mixture in which
one substances is dissolved in another
substance. It consists of a solute and solvent.
Solvent is the substance in which the solute is dissolved
Solute is the substance dissolved in the solution.
When sugar, a solute and water asolvent are mixed, a water sugar solution is formed.
2. Suspension is a mixture of water with non-dissolve material
Example sand and water
The Two Types of Mixture (Cont.)
• Solute is the substance dissolved in the solution– Particles may be
ions, atoms, or molecules
• Solvent is the substance in which the solute is dissolved
MixturesSummary
Heterogeneous Mixture (Suspension)
Homogeneous Mixture (Solution)
Not evenly mixed Evenly mixed
Individual components retain their own properties
Properties of combined components are usually different than those of each component
Individual components can be easily seen
Individual components can not be easily seen
Can be easily separated Not as easily separated
Ex.: salt & pepper mix, rocks, cereal, bag of assorted candy
Ex. salt-water solution, tea, kool-Aid drink
SolubilitySolubility is the amount of a substance that can dissolve in 100 grams of solvent at a given time.
• The ability of a solvent to dissolve a solute depends on temperature and molecular structure.
• Like dissolve like:
• When the temperature of a liquid increases, The solubility of the solvent increases.
SOLUBILITY GRAPH
Classifying Matter
Matter
Pure Substances Mixtures
Elements Compounds
Homogeneous Heterogeneous
He, O H2O, NaCl
Tea, kool-aid Rocky Road ice cream, muddy water
Review: How matter is classified
1. Tossed salad2. Salt water3. Kool-aid4. Muddy water5. OJ with pulp
Practice ProblemsPractice Problems
1. He 2. Ho 3. Ho 4. He 5. He 6. Ho 7. He 8. He 9. He 10. Ho
6. Tea7. Banana nut
bread8. Pizza9. Blood10. Brass
Determine whether each is a heterogeneous or homogeneous mixture:
Answers:
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Classify the following substances as:Pure substance, heterogeneous mixture, or homogeneous mixture
Gatorade Homogenous mixture
Fruit Loops Heterogeneous mixture
Pure substanceGasoline
Dirt Heterogeneous mixture
Sugar Crystals Pure Substance
Air Homogeneous mixture
Granite Heterogeneous mixture
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More review
1) We are studying CHEMISTRY, the study of ________and how it ________.
2) Matter is anything that has___ and takes up ___.
3) ___ are the basic building blocks of matter.
4) Matter can be classified as either a ___ or a ___.
5) Substances are either ___ or ___.
1. matter, changes 2. mass, space 3. atoms 4. pure substance, mixture 5. elements, compounds
Return to index
Answers:
MATTER AS MIXTURESMATTER AS MIXTURES Mixtures are combinations of 2 or more substances
where each substance retains its individual properties.
HOW ARE MIXTURES DIFFERENT FROM COMPOUNDS?
HOW ARE MIXTURES LIKE COMPOUNDS? THEY ARE MADE FROM TWO OR MORE SUBSTANCES
MIXTURES DO NOT FORM CHEMICAL BONDS.
…a mixture that is the same throughout. A homogeneous mixture has a
composition and properties that are identical regardless of the sample
one phase
uniformly mixed
won’t settle out
small particles
Ways to identify a homogeneous mixture:
A SOLUTION is another name for a homogeneous mixture
is
… a mixture that is visibly differentthroughout. Heterogenous mixtures have a composition and properties that differ
in any given sample.
not uniformly mixed
more than one phase
will settle out
larger particles
is
Ways to identify a heterogeneous mixture:
HETEROGENEOUS MIXTURESThere are special types of heterogeneous mixtures:• Suspensions-appear uniform when mixed but settle out.
– Chocolate Quik
– Muddy water
– Pulpy oj
– Oil & Vinegar dressing
• Colloids-appear uniform but they do not settle out. However, their particles are too large to be classified as a homogeneous solution.– Gelatin
– Smoke
– Fog
– mayonnaise
• Pure Substances– Made of either elements or
compounds that are chemically bonded.
– Cannot be separated by physical means.
– When combined they take on new properties different from the original elements.
– Examples:• Glucose: C6H12O6
• Table Salt: NaCl• Oxygen Gas: O2
• Carbon Dioxide CO2
• Mixtures:– Two or more substances mixed
together but not chemically combined.
• Tea = Crushed Leaf + H2O• Rocks = minerals + sediments +
organic matter• Sugar Water = Sugar + H2O
– Each component retains its own identity; it does not change into something else.
– Can be separated by physical means
– Examples:• Sweet tea• Trail mix• Air (O2, N2, CO2, Ar)
Now, lets put it all together and determine how to tell substances (compounds and elements)
from mixtures.
Elements, Compounds, and Mixtures
hydrogenatoms
oxygen atomshydrogenatoms
Two of the descriptions to the right apply to each bottle below. Determine the appropriate descriptions..
a. Two types of atoms evenly mixed
b. Two types of atoms chemically combined
c. One type of atom
d. Two types of atoms mixed
e. An element
f. A solution
g. A compound
h. A mixture2_______1_______ 3_______ 4_______d & h b & g c & e a & f
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