Classifying Matter

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Mixture vs. Pure Substance

PURE SUBSTANCES

Pure Substances

• Pure Substance- Constant and uniform throughout (atom or molecule) 1 type of somethingAtom Molecule

• Atom- Single element (Cannot be broken into smaller parts)– Elements (ex. Au, H, Ne)– Where can you find a list of elements?

• HOFBrINCl

• Molecule- 2 or more atoms put together

Molecules/Compounds

• Compound- more than one type of element in a molecule (ex. NaCl)

• Can be separated into elements

• The properties of compounds can be much different than the properties of just the elements– For example : NaCl

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• These elements combine with each other during a chemical reaction

• They combine in a fixed proportion (Law of Definite Proportion)-they bind the same way every time! – Examples – NaCl, H2O, Fe(NO3)3

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Fun Fact

• Today, there are approximately 10 million known compounds, and new compounds continue to be developed and discovered at the rate of about 100 000 per year.

• There appears to be no limit to the number of compounds that can be made or that will be discovered.

Which are elements and which are compounds?

Allotrope

• Allotrope-forms of an element in the same physical state but have different structures–Example: Diamonds and Graphite

(forms of Solid Carbon)

http://slwa.files.wordpress.com/2007/09/diamond.jpg

MIXTURES

Mixtures

• Mixture- A blend or combination of two or more pure substances

• Not chemically combined!!!!!• Variable compositions (not uniform and unchanging)

– Granite -Candy

Heterogeneous Mixture

• heterogeneous mixture – you can actually see a difference / does not blend smoothly throughout–Examples: Sand & Water, Salt &

Pepper, a bag of M&Ms

Homogeneous Mixture

• homogeneous mixture - you cannot see a difference; it always has a single phase–Examples: Salt water: H2O + NaCl

Air: N2 + O2 + CO2

• Mixture with no visibly different parts

Solution

• A homogeneous mixture is also known as a solution!

Alloy

• Alloy- a homogeneous mixture of metals or a mixture of a metal and a nonmetal in which the metal substance is the major component– Examples: Steel, Brass

Classify

• Mixtures– Homogeneous– Heterogeneous

• pure substances– elements– compounds

Draw a picture, similar to the pictures above, that represents a compound

Practice

• http://www.teacherbridge.org/public/bhs/teachers/Dana/Matter.html

Create a Matter Concept Map

• Work with your partner to create your very own concept map. (Bubble map)– Be Creative– Use Color– Use Pictures

• In this activity you will create a concept map that diagrams the relationships among the following ideas:

• Air Water• Carbon Solution• Chocolate chip cookie Soil• CompoundSodium Chloride (Salt)• Element Salt Water• Heterogeneous Pure • Homogeneous Oxygen• Mixture Matter