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Minimally invasive surgery 

Dr. Ali J angjooAssociate professor  of minimally invasive surgery

Mashhad University Of Medical SciencessAban 1392 

SynonymKey Hole SurgeryEndoscopic SurgeryButton Hole SurgeryMinimally Invasive SurgeryMinimal Access Surgery

LaparoscopyThoracoscopyCystoscopyHysteroscopy

History1901 ‐ Von Ott ‐ First inspection of abdominal cavity using a speculum and candlelight.1983 ‐ First laparoscopic appendicectomy Semm, a German gynaecologist.1985 ‐ First Lap Chole Erich Muhe a German surgeon.1987 ‐ First laparoscopic repair of inguinal hernia by Ger.1989 ‐ First lap hysterectomy, Reich et al.1993 ‐ First Robotic Laparoscopic surgery (Robotic telesurgery) Dan Stoianovici.

Frequently done proceduresAbdomen ‐ esophagectomy‐ hiatal hernia‐ achalasia‐ intestinal resection‐ cholecystectomy‐ appendectomy‐ hernia repair‐ splenectomy‐ adrenalectomy‐ sympathectomy‐ prolapse‐ spinal surgery‐ bariatric surgery ‐ trauma management

Chest ‐mediastinoscopy‐ thymectomy‐ pericardial window‐ hilar nodes‐ pleural lesions‐ lung biopsy‐ empyema‐ effusion‐ sympathectomyGynecology ‐ ovaries‐ uterus‐ ep‐ infertility

Frequently done proceduresSpine ‐ abscess drainage‐ discectomy‐ biopsy‐ scoliosisNeck ‐ thyroid ‐ parathyroid‐ thymus

Urology ‐ nephrectomy‐ adrenalectomy‐ stone disease‐ prostate ‐ varicoceleAxilla & breast ‐ axiloscopy‐ subcutaneous mastectomyRobotic surgery

Most commonly done MAS Diagnostic laparoscopyCholecystectomyAppendicectomyRepair of all types of HerniaHysterectomySplenectomyFundoplicationRepair of D.U. perforationProlapseNephrectomy

AdvantagesImproved diagnosisLess tissue dissection & disruptionLess herniaLess wound infectionLess chance of adhesionsEarly return to workLess painLess complication(DVT, pneumonia)Less immunosuppressionBetter cosmesis

DisadvantagesMore expensive

More operative time

Potential for major complications in inexperienced hands

Loss of tactile feedback

Difficult in complicated cases

ContraindicationsSevere COPD or Cardiac diseasesGrade II or III ShockGeneralised peritonitisPrevious extensive abdominal surgeryPrevious generalized inflammatory disease or irradiationHyper & Hypo coagulable statesAdvanced stage of pregnancySuspected Carcinoma ?

Diagnostic Laparoscopy

Electronic Eye Inside Abdomen

Kelling 1901

Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy

Lap chole is now gold standard for the treatment of gallstone diseases.Most commonly performed Minimal Access Surgery by General surgeons worldwide. In Europe 97% of cholecystectomy is now done laparoscopically.

Laparoscopic Appendicectomy

10 days Post OP

Tubal Surgery

Sterilization * Ectopics * Cysts * Recanalization

Uterine Surgery

Laparoscopic splenectomy

Splenectomy

Ambiguous genitalia

Pull Through for Hirschsprung’s Disease

Phaeochromocytoma

Obesity Surgery

ThoracoscopyNo rib resection No sternotomyMinimal morbidity Need double lumen intubationNeed lateral position Advantages are more than laparoscopy 

Oesophageal atresia

Open

NephrectomyLaparoscopic Living Donor Nephrectomy For Kidney Transplantation 

The University of Maryland & Dundee has 

the world’s largest experience with this 

technique

Axilloscopy

After

HALS

HALS

HALS

HALS

Gasless Laparoscopic Surgery

Abdolift

No added advantage except if patient is at high risk to pneumoperitoneum

Mini & Micro Laparoscopy

Present status in world

Coronary bypass surgery on beating heartCardiac Valve SurgeryCardiac Tumor Surgery

Surgery without sternotomy

Future of Laparoscopy

Now surgeons are operating exclusively 

via a computer interface controlling a 

master–slave manipulator through 

Internet.

Trans Atlantic MAS

Globalization of Surgery

Robotic arm

ROBODOC®

CASPAR®daVinci

Robotic console

ZEUS™ console 

AESOP® console

Minimal Access Surgery

Be committed to provide our community this surgical procedure of new Millennium

THANK YOU !

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