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A Member of the Morgan & Morgan Group

Israel

Dr Frank Shostak MMG Economics & Research Ltd.

Dr. Frank ShostakMMG Economics & Research Ltd.

Apr 9, 2023

September 2014

1

A Member of the Morgan & Morgan Group

Disclaimer

While MMG Economics & Research Ltd. believes this information to be reliable, no warranty is given to its accuracy and persons who rely on it do so at their own risk. In so far as this information contains material from other sources, MMG Economics & Research Ltd. has not checked those sources and accepts no responsibility for the accuracy of that material. All information is for the person to whom it is provided and is not to be passed on to any third party.

Additionally, MMG Economics & Research Ltd. does not recommend that any investment decisions be based solely on the information provided. This information is of a general nature. It has been prepared without taking into account your particular investment objectives, circumstances, financial situation or needs. When considering your own objectives you will need to consider whether the advice is appropriate in light of your particular investment needs, objectives and financial circumstances.

Apr 9, 2023 2

A Member of the Morgan & Morgan Group

Apr 9, 2023 3

Economic Framework

A Member of the Morgan & Morgan Group

The foundation of the creation of wealth

4

PURPOSEFUL ACTIVITIES

A Member of the Morgan & Morgan Group

5

Means Ends

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6

Production

Demand

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7

SavingsConsumption

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8

Consumption Savings

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9

A Member of the Morgan & Morgan Group

Expansion in real wealth

10

Production

Consumption Savings

INVEST IN NEW OVEN

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11

Life Sustenance

POOL OF FUNDING

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12

Economy

Pool of Real Funding

Economy

Pool of Real Funding

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Wealth creation

13

Pool of Real Funding

(Wealth)

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Introducing money (medium of exchange)

14

Something

Production

Something

Consumption

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15

Nothing

No production

Something

Consumption

The effect of printing money

A Member of the Morgan & Morgan Group

The money supply and its effects

16

A Member of the Morgan & Morgan Group

Monetary pumping diverts pool of funding away from wealth producers

17

Money

Pool of Real Funding

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18

Money

Pool of Real Funding

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Inflation

19

MoneyMone

yMoney

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The essence of prices

20

Price

Real stuff

Money

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21

Money

Pool of Real Funding

The meaning of economic bust

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Case of depression

22

Money

Pool of Real Funding

Unemployment

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Deflation

23

MoneyMone

y Money

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USA

Apr 9, 2023 24

A Member of the Morgan & Morgan Group

USA AMS

Apr 9, 2023 25

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

2008:01 2010:01 2012:01 2014:01

%CHNG US AMS (YOY)

MONTHLY

%

A Member of the Morgan & Morgan Group

Federal Reserve Balance Sheet

Apr 9, 2023 26

-40

0

40

80

120

160

2008:01 2010:01 2012:01 2014:01

%CHNG FED BALANCE SHEET (YOY)

MONTHLY

%

A Member of the Morgan & Morgan Group

US Industrial Production

Apr 9, 2023 27

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

2012:01 2013:01 2014:01 2015:01

%CHNG US INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTION (YOY)

MONTHLY

%Forecast

A Member of the Morgan & Morgan Group

US CPI

Apr 9, 2023 28

0.8

1.2

1.6

2.0

2.4

2.8

3.2

2012:01 2013:01 2014:01 2015:01

%CHNG US CPI (YOY)

MONTHLY

%

Forecast

A Member of the Morgan & Morgan Group

Fed Funds Target Rate

Apr 9, 2023 29

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

2000:01 2005:01 2010:01 2015:01

FEDERAL FUNDS RATE TARGET

MONTHLY

%

A Member of the Morgan & Morgan Group

S&P500

Apr 9, 2023 30

2,100

2,000

1,900

1,800

1,700

1,600

1,500

1,400

1,3002012:01 2013:01 2014:01 2015:01

S&P500

MONTHLY

IND

EX

Forecast

A Member of the Morgan & Morgan Group

ISRAEL

Apr 9, 2023 31

A Member of the Morgan & Morgan Group

Bank of Israel Balance Sheet

Apr 9, 2023 32

-40

-20

0

20

40

60

80

2008:01 2010:01 2012:01 2014:01

%CHNG BANK OF ISRAEL BALANCE SHEET (YOY)

MONTHLY

%

A Member of the Morgan & Morgan Group

Israel AMS

Apr 9, 2023 33

-20

-10

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

2006:01 2008:01 2010:01 2012:01 2014:01

%CHNG ISRAEL AMS (YOY)

MONTHLY

%

A Member of the Morgan & Morgan Group

House Prices

Apr 9, 2023 34

360

320

280

240

200

1602000:01 2005:01 2010:01 2015:01

ISRAEL HOUSE PRICE INDEX

MONTHLY

IND

EX

199

3=10

0

A Member of the Morgan & Morgan Group

Housing Starts

Apr 9, 2023 35

-30

-20

-10

0

10

20

30

2008:1 2010:1 2012:1 2014:1

%CHNG ISRAEL HOUSING STARTS RESIDENTIALS (YOY)

QUARTERLY

%

A Member of the Morgan & Morgan Group

Real GDP

Apr 9, 2023 36

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

2008:1 2010:1 2012:1 2014:1

%CHNG ISRAEL GDP (YOY)

QUARTERLY

%

A Member of the Morgan & Morgan Group

Manufacturing

Apr 9, 2023 37

25

30

35

40

45

50

55

60

65

2006:01 2008:01 2010:01 2012:01 2014:01

ISRAEL MANUFACTURING PMI

MONTHLY

IND

EX

A Member of the Morgan & Morgan Group

Unemployment

Apr 9, 2023 38

5.0

5.5

6.0

6.5

7.0

7.5

8.0

2008:1 2010:1 2012:1 2014:1

ISRAEL UNEMPLOYMENT RATE

QUARTERLY

%

A Member of the Morgan & Morgan Group

CPI

Apr 9, 2023 39

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

2006:01 2008:01 2010:01 2012:01 2014:01

%CHNG ISRAEL CPI (YOY)

MONTHLY

%

A Member of the Morgan & Morgan Group

BoI Policy Interest Rate

Apr 9, 2023 40

0

1

2

3

4

5

2008:01 2010:01 2012:01 2014:01

ISRAEL POLICY INTEREST RATE

MONTHLY

%

A Member of the Morgan & Morgan Group

Long-term bond yields

Apr 9, 2023 41

2.4

2.8

3.2

3.6

4.0

4.4

4.8

5.2

5.6

6.0

6.4

2008:01 2010:01 2012:01 2014:01

YIELDS ISRAEL GOV. 10YR BOND

MONTHLY

%

A Member of the Morgan & Morgan Group

AMS differential – Israel v USA

Apr 9, 2023 42

-20

-10

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

2008:01 2010:01 2012:01 2014:01

AMS YOY%CHNG DIFFERENTIAL:ISRAEL VS US

MONTHLY

%

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Shekel

Apr 9, 2023 43

4.1

4.0

3.9

3.8

3.7

3.6

3.5

3.42012:01 2013:01 2014:01 2015:01

US$/SHEKEL

MONTHLY

SH

EK

ELS

PE

R U

S$

Forecast

A Member of the Morgan & Morgan Group

Government Debt-GDP ratio

Apr 9, 2023 44

.64

.65

.66

.67

.68

.69

.70

.71

.72

.73

2008:1 2010:1 2012:1 2014:1

ISRAEL GOV.DEBT TO GDP RATIO

QUARTERLY

RA

TIO

A Member of the Morgan & Morgan Group

Industrial Production

Apr 9, 2023 45

-15

-10

-5

0

5

10

15

2012:01 2013:01 2014:01 2015:01

%CHNG ISRAEL INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTION (YOY)

MONTHLY

%

A Member of the Morgan & Morgan Group

Equities

Apr 9, 2023 46

1,600

1,400

1,200

1,000

800

6002008:01 2010:01 2012:01 2014:01

TEL AVIV STOCK EXCHANGE TA 25

MONTHLY

IND

EX

A Member of the Morgan & Morgan Group

Government Expenditure

Apr 9, 2023 47

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

2008:1 2010:1 2012:1 2014:1

%CHNG ISRAEL GOVERNMENT EXPENDITURE (YOY)

QUARTERLY

%

A Member of the Morgan & Morgan Group

Government Spending-GDP ratio

Apr 9, 2023 48

21

22

23

24

25

26

27

28

1995:1 2000:1 2005:1 2010:1 2015:1

ISRAEL GOVERNMENT SPENDING TO GDP

QUARTERLY

%

A Member of the Morgan & Morgan Group

Our Contact Details

MMG Economics & Research Ltd.Löwenstrasse 40

8021 ZurichSwitzerland

T +41 44 325 19 88F +41 44 325 19 89

economics@mmg-zurich.comwww.mmg-zurich.com

Apr 9, 2023 49

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